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Fukuta H, Mitsui R, Takano H, Hashitani H. Neural regulation of the contractility of nutrient artery in the guinea pig tibia. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:481-494. [PMID: 32211976 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02362-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient arteries provide the endosteal blood supply to maintain bone remodelling and energy metabolism. Here, we investigated the distribution and function of perivascular nerves in regulating the contractility of the tibial nutrient artery. Changes in artery diameter were measured using a video tracking system, while the perivascular innervation was investigated using fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Nerve-evoked phasic constrictions of nutrient arteries were suppressed by phentolamine (1 μM), an α-adrenoceptor antagonist, guanethidine (10 μM), a blocker of sympathetic transmission, or fluoxetine (10 μM), a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) reuptake inhibitor. In arteries pretreated with guanethidine, residual nerve-evoked constrictions were abolished by a high concentration of propranolol (10 μM) that is known to inhibit 5-HT receptors, or ketanserin (100 nM), a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, but not SB207216 (1 μM), an antagonist of 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. Bath-applied 5-HT (100 nM) induced arterial constriction that was suppressed by propranolol (10 μM) or ketanserin (100 nM). Nerve-evoked arterial constrictions were enhanced by spantide (1 μM), a substance P (SP) receptor antagonist, or L-nitro arginine (L-NA; 100 μM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Immunohistochemistry revealed 5-HT-positive nerves running along the arteries that are distinct from perivascular sympathetic or substance P-positive primary afferent nerves. For the first time, functional serotonergic nerves are identified in the tibial nutrient artery of the guinea pig. Thus, it appears that tibial nutrient arterial calibre is regulated by the balance between sympathetic and serotonergic vasoconstrictor nerves and vasodilator afferent nerves that release substance P-stimulating endothelial nitric oxide (NO) release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Fukuta
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Retsu Mitsui
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Takano
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hikaru Hashitani
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1, Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-Ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
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52
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Wang XD, Li SY, Zhang SJ, Gupta A, Zhang CP, Wang L. The neural system regulates bone homeostasis via mesenchymal stem cells: a translational approach. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:4839-4850. [PMID: 32308753 PMCID: PMC7163440 DOI: 10.7150/thno.43771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Large bone reconstruction is a major clinical issue associated with several challenges, and autograft is the main method for reconstructing large defects of maxillofacial bone. However, postoperative osteoporosis of the bone graft, even with sufficient vascularization, remains a primary problem. Therefore, better understanding of the mechanisms and clinical translation of bone homeostasis is required. Neuronal innervation of the bone is an emerging research topic, especially with regards to the role of peripheral nerves in regulating bone homeostasis. Moreover, sensory and autonomic nerves regulate this process via different types of neurotransmitters, but the specific mechanism is still elusive. In this review article, the current understanding of the interaction between the peripheral nerve and the skeleton system is summarized, with a particular focus on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), except for osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The novel application of nerve-based bone regeneration via BMMSCs may provide a new strategy in tissue engineering and clinical treatment of osteoporosis and bone disorders.
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Mu C, Hu Y, Hou Y, Li M, He Y, Shen X, Tao B, Lin C, Chen M, Chen M, Cai K. Substance P-embedded multilayer on titanium substrates promotes local osseointegration via MSC recruitment. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1212-1222. [PMID: 31950127 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the chemokine substance P (SP) was inserted into multilayered systems on titanium (Ti)-based substrates for endogenous mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) recruitment to facilitate bone healing. The multilayer was constructed with cationic chitosan (Chi), SP and anionic gelatin (Gel) via a spin-coater-assisted layer-by-layer (LBL) approach. The characterization results demonstrated that the multilayer system was successfully constructed and was capable of continuously releasing SP for almost 2 weeks. We further confirmed that MSCs grown on SP-modified Ti-based substrates showed improved migration capabilities as well as enhanced secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP2, MMP9), rather than enhanced MSC proliferation and differentiation in vitro. In the CD29+/CD90+ double immunofluorescence assay, the Ti/LBL-SP group showed the highest number of MSCs migrating to the peri-implant area after implantation. Consistently, the Ti/LBL-SP implants also significantly enhanced new bone formation according to the results of micro-CT scanning analysis, H&E staining, Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining. The obtained results reveal that SP-modified Ti-based substrates were beneficial for bone formation via recruiting endogenous MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Mu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yanhua Hou
- Chongqing Engineering Research Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Chongqing 401331, P. R. China
| | - Menghuan Li
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ye He
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Xinkun Shen
- School of Life Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Bailong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Chuanchuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Maowen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Maohua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Sun S, Diggins NH, Gunderson ZJ, Fehrenbacher JC, White FA, Kacena MA. No pain, no gain? The effects of pain-promoting neuropeptides and neurotrophins on fracture healing. Bone 2020; 131:115109. [PMID: 31715336 PMCID: PMC6934100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides and neurotrophins are key regulators of peripheral nociceptive nerves and contribute to the induction, sensitization, and maintenance of pain. It is now known that these peptides also regulate non-neuronal tissues, including bone. Here, we review the effects of numerous neuropeptides and neurotrophins on fracture healing. The neuropeptides calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) have varying effects on osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity. Ultimately, CGRP and SP both accelerate fracture healing, while VIP and PACAP seem to negatively impact healing. Unlike the aforementioned neuropeptides, the neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have more uniform effects. Both factors upregulate osteoblastic activity, osteoclastic activity, and, in vivo, stimulate osteogenesis to promote fracture healing. Future research will need to clarify the exact mechanism by which the neuropeptides and neurotrophins influence fracture healing. Specifically, understanding the optimal expression patterns for these proteins in the fracture healing process may lead to therapies that can maximize their bone-healing capabilities and minimize their pain-promoting effects. Finally, further examination of protein-sequestering antibodies and/or small molecule agonists and antagonists may lead to new therapies that can decrease the rate of delayed union/nonunion outcomes and fracture-associated pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyup Sun
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Nicklaus H Diggins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Zachary J Gunderson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA
| | - Fletcher A White
- Department of Anesthesia, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA; Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, IN, USA.
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Tomlinson RE, Christiansen BA, Giannone AA, Genetos DC. The Role of Nerves in Skeletal Development, Adaptation, and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:646. [PMID: 33071963 PMCID: PMC7538664 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeleton is well-innervated, but only recently have the functions of this complex network in bone started to become known. Although our knowledge of skeletal sensory and sympathetic innervation is incomplete, including the specific locations and subtypes of nerves in bone, we are now able to reconcile early studies utilizing denervation models with recent work dissecting the molecular signaling between bone and nerve. In total, sensory innervation functions in bone much as it does elsewhere in the body-to sense and respond to stimuli, including mechanical loading. Similarly, sympathetic nerves regulate autonomic functions related to bone, including homeostatic remodeling and vascular tone. However, more study is required to translate our current knowledge of bone-nerve crosstalk to novel therapeutic strategies that can be effectively utilized to combat skeletal diseases, disorders of low bone mass, and age-related decreases in bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan E. Tomlinson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan E. Tomlinson
| | - Blaine A. Christiansen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Adrienne A. Giannone
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Damian C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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56
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Li FXZ, Xu F, Lin X, Wu F, Zhong JY, Wang Y, Guo B, Zheng MH, Shan SK, Yuan LQ. The Role of Substance P in the Regulation of Bone and Cartilage Metabolic Activity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:77. [PMID: 32180759 PMCID: PMC7059306 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) is a neuropeptide that is released from sensory nerve endings and is widely present in nerve fibers. It acts on bones and related tissues by binding to receptors, thereby regulating bone metabolism, cartilage metabolism, and fracture healing. SP has attracted widespread attention as a signaling substance that can be recognized by both the immune system and the nervous system. Previous studies have shown that bone and chondrocytes can synthesize and secrete sensory neuropeptides and express their receptors, and can promote proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, matrix synthesis, and the degradation of target cells through autocrine/paracrine modes. In this paper, we review the research progress made in this field in recent years in order to provide a reference for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of bone and cartilage physiology and pathological metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jia-Yu Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Disease, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Qing Yuan
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57
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Li Z, Meyers CA, Chang L, Lee S, Li Z, Tomlinson R, Hoke A, Clemens TL, James AW. Fracture repair requires TrkA signaling by skeletal sensory nerves. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:5137-5150. [PMID: 31638597 PMCID: PMC6877307 DOI: 10.1172/jci128428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is richly innervated by nerve growth factor-responsive (NGF-responsive) tropomyosin receptor kinase A-expressing (TrKa-expressing) sensory nerve fibers, which are required for osteochondral progenitor expansion during mammalian skeletal development. Aside from pain sensation, little is known regarding the role of sensory innervation in bone repair. Here, we characterized the reinnervation of tissue following experimental ulnar stress fracture and assessed the impact of loss of TrkA signaling in this process. Sequential histological data obtained in reporter mice subjected to fracture demonstrated a marked upregulation of NGF expression in periosteal stromal progenitors and fracture-associated macrophages. Sprouting and arborization of CGRP+TrkA+ sensory nerve fibers within the reactive periosteum in NGF-enriched cellular domains were evident at time points preceding periosteal vascularization, ossification, and mineralization. Temporal inhibition of TrkA catalytic activity by administration of 1NMPP1 to TrkAF592A mice significantly reduced the numbers of sensory fibers, blunted revascularization, and delayed ossification of the fracture callus. We observed similar deficiencies in nerve regrowth and fracture healing in a mouse model of peripheral neuropathy induced by paclitaxel treatment. Together, our studies demonstrate an essential role of TrkA signaling for stress fracture repair and implicate skeletal sensory nerves as an important upstream mediator of this repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Carolyn A. Meyers
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leslie Chang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Seungyong Lee
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ryan Tomlinson
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Thomas L. Clemens
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aaron W. James
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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58
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Gou Y, Tian F, Dai M, Li H, Lv Q, Kong Q, Chen T, Shao L, Song H, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Salmon calcitonin exerts better preventive effects than celecoxib on lumbar facet joint degeneration and long-term tactile allodynia in rats. Bone 2019; 127:17-25. [PMID: 30826485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and compare the effects of salmon calcitonin (sCT) and celecoxib (CLX) on cartilage, subchondral bone and tactile allodynia in a rat model of lumbar facet joint (FJ) osteoarthritis (OA). METHOD Forty 3-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 30 received surgical collagenase (type II) injections in the right L3-L6 facet joints followed by 8 weeks of treatment with normal saline, CLX or sCT, and the other 10 received sham surgery. Tactile allodynia, changes of cartilage and subchondral bone of the L4-L5 FJs, and serum biomarkers were analyzed for all rats. RESULTS Both sCT and CLX ameliorated cartilage lesions, significantly increased aggrecan expression and decreased caspase-3 expression. sCT also decreased the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS-4). According to the micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) analysis, sCT significantly improved microarchitecture parameters of subchondral bone and micro-CT score; and inhibited articular process hypertrophy. CLX showed better antihyperalgesic effects than sCT on days 3 and 7 postoperatively despite no statistical differences, whereas sCT possessed better analgesic effects than CLX on days 42 and 56. Besides, the sCT treatment reduced the elevated cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) concentration in rats injected with collagenase (type II). CONCLUSIONS Both sCT and CLX exerted preventive effects on FJ OA caused by collagenase (type II), but sCT showed more protective effects, particularly on maintaining cartilage metabolism, restraining the deterioration of the subchondral bone microarchitecture and tactile allodynia, and reducing serum COMP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Faming Tian
- Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Muwei Dai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hetong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Qinglie Lv
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Qingfu Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Tiangang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Litao Shao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Medical Research Center, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Huiping Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yingze Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meitan General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Brazill JM, Beeve AT, Craft CS, Ivanusic JJ, Scheller EL. Nerves in Bone: Evolving Concepts in Pain and Anabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1393-1406. [PMID: 31247122 PMCID: PMC6697229 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The innervation of bone has been described for centuries, and our understanding of its function has rapidly evolved over the past several decades to encompass roles of subtype-specific neurons in skeletal homeostasis. Current research has been largely focused on the distribution and function of specific neuronal populations within bone, as well as their cellular and molecular relationships with target cells in the bone microenvironment. This review provides a historical perspective of the field of skeletal neurobiology that highlights the diverse yet interconnected nature of nerves and skeletal health, particularly in the context of bone anabolism and pain. We explore what is known regarding the neuronal subtypes found in the skeleton, their distribution within bone compartments, and their central projection pathways. This neuroskeletal map then serves as a foundation for a comprehensive discussion of the neural control of skeletal development, homeostasis, repair, and bone pain. Active synthesis of this research recently led to the first biotherapeutic success story in the field. Specifically, the ongoing clinical trials of anti-nerve growth factor therapeutics have been optimized to titrated doses that effectively alleviate pain while maintaining bone and joint health. Continued collaborations between neuroscientists and bone biologists are needed to build on this progress, leading to a more complete understanding of neural regulation of the skeleton and development of novel therapeutics. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Brazill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alec T Beeve
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clarissa S Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason J Ivanusic
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erica L Scheller
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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60
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Effect of neurokinin-1-receptor blockage on fracture healing in rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9744. [PMID: 31278316 PMCID: PMC6611911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46278-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurologic injury and selective blockage of sensory nerve endings is associated with impaired fracture healing, however, the role of specific neurotransmitters has not been sufficiently investigated. Our aim was to investigate the impact of specific Substance P-receptor blockage on fracture healing, since the neuropeptide Substance P has both neurogenic and osteogenic activity. After intramedullary stabilization, an isolated femur fracture was induced in 72 Sprague-Dawley rats. In the NK1-R group, the neurokinin-1-tachykinin receptor for substance P was blocked by a specific antagonist (SR140333) for the first two weeks after fracture induction. The control group only received vehicle. Gene-expression, histology, micro-computed tomography, and biomechanical tests were performed. NK1-receptor blocking suppressed osteocalcin expression at one week, collagen 1A2 expression at one and two weeks and collagen 2A1 expression at 2 weeks after fracture induction. Biomechanical testing revealed a significant reduction in maximal load to failure in the NK1-R group at 6 weeks (69.78 vs. 155.45 N, p = 0.029) and at 3 months (72.50 vs.176.33 N, p = 0.01) of fracture healing. Blocking the NK1-receptor suppresses gene expression in and reduces biomechanical strength of healing bone. Therefore, we assume a potential therapeutic relevance of Substance P in cases of disturbed fracture healing.
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Hui T, Zhang GC, Feng DD, Ji P. [Role of neuropeptide substance P and the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway in osteogenic differentiation of ST2 cells]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 36:378-383. [PMID: 30182564 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of neuropeptide substance P (SP) in ST2 cell (bone mesenchymal stem cells of mice) osteogenic differentiation to provide a basis for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. METHODS Third-generation ST2 cells were cultured with different concentrations of SP (0, 10⁻¹⁰, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻⁶, and 10⁻⁵ mol·L⁻¹). After 24, 48, and 72 h, cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8. The ST2 cells were cultured with 10⁻⁶ mol·L⁻¹ SP for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Subsequently, the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), collagen typeⅠ(CollaⅠ), and osteocalcin (OCN) in the culture supernatant was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ALP activity was detected by immunofluorescence staining. The ST2 cells were cultured with SP, Noggin (inhibitor of the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway), SP+Noggin, and 2% fetal bovine serum, respectively. Finally, the expression of ALP, CollaⅠ, and OCN in the culture supernatant was tested by ELISA. RESULTS CCK-8 showed that the effect of cell proliferation was most obvious when the SP concentration was 10⁻⁶ mol·L⁻¹ (P<0.01). The ELISA results demonstrated that ALP expression significantly increased at day 5 compared with that in the control group (P<0.01), whereas the expression of CollaⅠand OCN significantly increased at day 7 (P<0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed that ALP activity was strongest at day 5. The expression of ALP, CollaⅠ, and OCN decreased after Noggin addition (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS SP can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of ST2 cells, and the bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hui
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guang-Can Zhang
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ping Ji
- Dept. of Prosthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Shandong University, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250012, China
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An S, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Xiong B, Hao J, Zheng Y, Zhou X, Wang J. Effect of systemic delivery of Substance P on experimental tooth movement in rats. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2019; 155:642-649. [PMID: 31053279 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of systemic delivery of Substance P (SP) on experimental tooth movement. METHODS Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups and their maxillary first molars were mesially moved with the use of closed-coil springs. The experiment group received systemic injection of SP and the control group received phosphate-buffered saline solution. Transportation distances of first molars were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining, and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to evaluate alveolar bone remodeling. Then the interferon (IFN) γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α concentrations in peripheral blood and local periodontal tissue were measured. Finally, the effects of SP on bone marrow-derived stem cell (BMSC) proliferation and migration were tested in vitro. RESULTS Systemic delivery of SP significantly increased the distance of tooth movement and stimulated both osteoclast and osteoblast activities. The concentrations of IFN-γ and TNF-α increased in peripheral blood at early phases of the experiment and decreased in periodontal tissue at late phases. In vitro, the proliferation and migration of BMSCs were promoted by SP. CONCLUSIONS Systemic delivery of SP can accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and promote alveolar bone remodeling potentially through immunomodulation and mobilizing endogenous mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu An
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Nantong Stomatological Hospital, Nantong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Hao
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - Yingcheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueman Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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Leitão L, Alves CJ, Sousa DM, Neto E, Conceição F, Lamghari M. The alliance between nerve fibers and stem cell populations in bone marrow: life partners in sickness and health. FASEB J 2019; 33:8697-8710. [PMID: 31017803 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900454r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow (BM) is the central hematopoietic organ in adult mammals, with great potential to be used as a tool to improve the efficacy of the body's response to a number of malignancies and stressful conditions. The nervous system emerges as a critical regulatory player of the BM both under homeostatic and pathologic settings, with essential roles in cellular anchorage and egress, stem cell differentiation, and endothelial cell permeability. This review collects the current knowledge on the interplay between the nervous system and the BM cell populations, with a focus on how the nervous system modulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell, mesenchymal stromal cell, and endothelial progenitor cell activity in BM. We have also highlighted the pathologies that have been associated with disturbances in the neuronal signaling in BM and discussed if targeting the nervous system, either by modulating the activity of specific neuronal circuits or by pharmacologically leveling the activity of sympathetic and sensorial signaling-responsive cells in BM, is a promising therapeutic approach to tackling pathologies from BM origin.-Leitão, L., Alves, C. J., Sousa, D. M., Neto, E., Conceição, F., Lamghari, M. The alliance between nerve fibers and stem cell populations in bone marrow: life partners in sickness and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Leitão
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cecília J Alves
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela M Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Estrela Neto
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Conceição
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Meriem Lamghari
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Muschter D, Beiderbeck AS, Späth T, Kirschneck C, Schröder A, Grässel S. Sensory Neuropeptides and their Receptors Participate in Mechano-Regulation of Murine Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030503. [PMID: 30682804 PMCID: PMC6386869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze if the sensory neuropeptide SP (SP) and the neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R) are involved in macrophage mechano-transduction, similar to chondrocytes, and if alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (αCGRP) and the CGRP receptor (CRLR/Ramp1) show comparable activity. Murine RAW264.7 macrophages were subjected to a cyclic stretch for 1–3 days and 4 h/day. Loading and neuropeptide effects were analyzed for gene and protein expression of neuropeptides and their receptors, adhesion, apoptosis, proliferation and ROS activity. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) were isolated after surgical osteoarthritis (OA) induction and proliferation, apoptosis and osteoclastogenesis were analyzed in response to loading. Loading induced NK1R and CRLR/Ramp1 gene expression and altered protein expression in RAW264.7 macrophages. SP protein and mRNA level decreased after loading whereas αCGRP mRNA expression was stabilized. SP reduced adhesion in loaded RAW264.7 macrophages and both neuropeptides initially increased the ROS activity followed by a time-dependent suppression. OA induction sensitized BMM to caspase 3/7 mediated apoptosis after loading. Both sensory neuropeptides, SP and αCGRP, and their receptors are involved in murine macrophage mechano-transduction affecting neuropeptide impact on adhesion and ROS activity. OA induction altered BMM apoptosis in response to loading indicate that OA-associated biomechanical alterations might affect the macrophage population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Anna-Sophie Beiderbeck
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Tanja Späth
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Christian Kirschneck
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Huang B, Ye J, Zeng X, Gong P. Effects of capsaicin-induced sensory denervation on early implant osseointegration in adult rats. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181082. [PMID: 30800361 PMCID: PMC6366164 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The presence of nerve endings around implants is well-known, but the interaction between the peripheral nervous system and the osseointegration of implants has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of selective sensory denervation on early implant osseointegration. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups, group A and group B, and they were treated with capsaicin and normal saline, respectively. One week later, titanium implants were placed in the bilateral femurs of the rats. Three and six weeks after implantation, histological examination, microcomputed tomography and biomechanical testing were performed to observe the effect of sensory denervation on implant osseointegration. At three weeks and six weeks, bone area, trabecular bone volume/total bone volume and bone density were significantly lower in group A than in group B. Similarly, the bone-implant contact rate, trabecular number and trabecular thickness were clearly lower in group A than in group B at three weeks. However, the trabecular separation spacing in group A was greater than that in group B at both time points. Biomechanical testing revealed that the implant-bone binding ability of group A was significantly lower than that in group B. The research demonstrated that sensory innervation played an important role in the formation of osseointegration. Selective-sensory denervation could reduce osseointegration and lower the binding force of the bone and the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ye
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zeng
- Stomatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Tuzmen C, Campbell PG. Crosstalk between neuropeptides SP and CGRP in regulation of BMP2-induced bone differentiation. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:81-90. [PMID: 29745819 PMCID: PMC6448777 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1408604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The peripheral nervous system is involved in regulation of bone metabolism via sensory and sympathetic innervation. Substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are two sensory neuropeptides that have been associated with regulation of osteogenic differentiation. However, the interaction between SP and CGRP both with each other and the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) in regulation of osteogenic differentiation has not been studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between SP and CGRP on BMP2-induced bone differentiation using model progenitor cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS C2C12 myoblasts and MC3T3 pre-osteoblasts were treated with SP and CGRP, both individually and in combination, in the presence of BMP2. The effects of the neuropeptides on BMP2-induced osteogenic differentiation were assessed by measuring alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization, and expression of osteogenic markers. RESULTS Both SP and CGRP enhanced BMP2 signaling, Runx2 mRNA expression, as well as mineralization in vitro. Co-stimulation with SP and CGRP resulted in down-regulation of BMP2-induced bone differentiation, suggesting potential crosstalk between the two neuropeptides in regulation of BMP2 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results shown here, CGRP can mitigate augmenting effects of SP on BMP2 signaling and the three pathways potentially converge on Runx2 to regulate BMP2-induced bone differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Tuzmen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Phil G. Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,Corresponding Author: Phil Campbell, Ph.D., Engineering Research Accelerator, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA,
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Zhang N, Gao D, Liu Y, Ji S, Sha L. Effects of Neuropeptide Substance P on Proliferation and β-Cell Differentiation of Adult Pancreatic Ductal Cells. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:806. [PMID: 30455626 PMCID: PMC6230717 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The pancreas is innervated by sensory nerves, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. The classical neurotransmitters, acetylcholine and noradrenaline, and some kind of neuropeptides are contained in the terminals of these nerves. Neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) co-released from the primary sensory fibers have been identified as the key neurotransmitters in pancreas. Pancreatic ductal epithelium cells are one of the important sources of the pancreatic islet β-cell neogenesis. We hypothesized that SP and CGRP might play a role on proliferation of ductal cells and differentiation of ductal cells toward the β-cell neogenesis. Methods: Primary ductal cells of rat pancreas at the third passage (P3) were used. The identification of P3 cells were confirmed with flow cytometry analysis and immunostaining by CK19 (the ductal cell marker). Proliferation of ductal cells was verified by CCK-8 assay and Ki67 immunostaining. Differentiation of ductal cells was determined with immunostaining and flow cytometry. Possible mechanism was explored by testing the key proteins of Wnt signaling using Western blot analysis. Results: Our data showed that SP but not CGRP promoted proliferation of ductal cells. Moreover, NK-1 receptor antagonist L-703,606 blocked the SP-induced stimulation of proliferation. The results of Western blot analysis showed that L-703,606 attenuated the effects of substance P on NK1R, GSK-3β, and β-catenin expression. However, SP did not directly induce the differentiation of ductal cells into β-cells, and did not promote the progression of ductal cells to differentiate into more insulin-produced cells in induction medium. Conclusions: These findings suggested that SP but not CGRP promoted proliferation of adult pancreatic ductal cells. SP promoted proliferation of ductal cells but not differentiation into β-cells. NK1R and Wnt signaling pathway might be involved in the mechanism of promoting the proliferation of ductal cells by SP. Findings in this study indicated the lack of SP might be a possible indicator for the initial of diabetes. SP could also be used as a drug candidate for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yudan Liu
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Sihan Ji
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Sha
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Dorsal Root Ganglion Maintains Stemness of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Enhancing Autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR Pathway in a Coculture System. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8478953. [PMID: 30363977 PMCID: PMC6186314 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8478953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies found that sensory nerve tracts implanted in tissue-engineered bone (TEB) could result in better osteogenesis. To explore the mechanism of the sensory nerve promoting osteogenesis in TEB in vitro, a transwell coculture experiment was designed between dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). BMSC proliferation was determined by CCK8 assay, and osteo-, chondro-, and adipogenic differentiation were assessed by alizarin red, alcian blue, and oil red staining. We found that the proliferation and multipotent differentiation of BMSCs were all enhanced in the coculture group compared to the BMSCs group. Crystal violet staining showed that the clone-forming ability of BMSCs in the coculture group was also enhanced and mRNA levels of Sox2, Nanog, and Oct4 were significantly upregulated in the coculture group. Moreover, the autophagy level of BMSCs, regulating their stemness, was promoted in the coculture group, mediated by the AMPK/mTOR pathway. In addition, AMPK inhibitor compound C could significantly downregulate the protein expression of LC3 and the mRNA level of stemness genes in the coculture group. Finally, we found that the NK1 receptor antagonist, aprepitant, could partly block this effect, which indicated that substance P played an important role in the effect. Together, we conclude that DRG could maintain the stemness of BMSCs by enhancing autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR pathway in a transwell coculture system, which may help explain the better osteogenesis after implantation of the sensory nerve into TEB.
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69
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Lee J, Lee SH, Kim BS, Cho YS, Park Y. Development and Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid-Based Hybrid Bio-Ink for Tissue Regeneration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 15:761-769. [PMID: 30603594 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0144-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bioprinting has recently appeared as a powerful tool for building complex tissue and organ structures. However, the application of bioprinting to regenerative medicine has limitations, due to the restricted choices of bio-ink for cytocompatible cell encapsulation and the integrity of the fabricated structures. Methods In this study, we developed hybrid bio-inks based on acrylated hyaluronic acid (HA) for immobilizing bio-active peptides and tyramine-conjugated hyaluronic acids for fast gelation. Results Conventional acrylated HA-based hydrogels have a gelation time of more than 30 min, whereas hybrid bio-ink has been rapidly gelated within 200 s. Fibroblast cells cultured in this hybrid bio-ink up to 7 days showed > 90% viability. As a guidance cue for stem cell differentiation, we immobilized four different bio-active peptides: BMP-7-derived peptides (BMP-7D) and osteopontin for osteogenesis, and substance-P (SP) and Ac-SDKP (SDKP) for angiogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells cultured in these hybrid bio-inks showed the highest angiogenic and osteogenic activity cultured in bio-ink immobilized with a SP or BMP-7D peptide. This bio-ink was loaded in a three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting device showing reproducible printing features. Conclusion We have developed bio-inks that combine biochemical and mechanical cues. Biochemical cues were able to regulate differentiation of cells, and mechanical cues enabled printing structuring. This multi-functional bio-ink can be used for complex tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeon Lee
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hwan Lee
- 2Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Soo Kim
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sam Cho
- 2Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdoo Park
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Korea University, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
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70
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Chidiac JJ, Kassab A, Rifai K, Al-Chaer ED, Saadé NE. Contribution of capsaicin-sensitive innervation to the continuous eruption of the rat mandibular incisors. Anat Sci Int 2018; 94:136-143. [PMID: 30229540 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-018-0460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A major component of tooth innervation is made of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents (CSPA). These fibers play a key role in tooth pain and inflammation; little is known, however, about the role of CSPA in tooth eruption. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the capsaicin-sensitive afferents in the process of eruption of intact rat incisors. CSPA fibers in several rat groups, were subjected to one of the following experimental procedures: systemic chemical ablation, systemic ablation followed by chemical sympathectomy and localized activation. The observed effects on incisor eruption were compared to those made on controls. The total amount of eruption in control/naïve rats, measured over a total period of 144 h, was 3.18 ± 0.07 mm and decreased to 2.43 ± 0.08 mm (n = 7; p < 0.001) following systemic ablation of CSPA. Further decrease to 2.24 ± 0.08 mm (n = 7; p < 0.001) was noticed when chemical sympathectomy was added to CSPA ablation. The average rate of eruption was 1.7 ± 0.25 mm following CSPA activation, compared to an average of 0.8 ± 0.07 mm for controls (n = 7; p < 0.001). Capsaicin sensitive fibers play an important role in tooth homeostasis, and intact neural supply is required for tooth growth under normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ammar Kassab
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Khaldoun Rifai
- School of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Elie D Al-Chaer
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nayef E Saadé
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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71
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Niedermair T, Schirner S, Seebröker R, Straub RH, Grässel S. Substance P modulates bone remodeling properties of murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9199. [PMID: 29907830 PMCID: PMC6003941 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27432-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations suggest neuronal control of bone remodeling. Sensory nerve fibers innervating bone, bone marrow and periosteum signal via neurotransmitters including substance P (SP). In previous studies we observed impaired biomechanical and structural bone parameters in tachykinin (Tac) 1-deficient mice lacking SP. Here, we aim to specify effects of SP on metabolic parameters of bone marrow macrophage (BMM)/osteoclast cultures and osteoblasts isolated from Tac1-deficient and wildtype (WT) mice. We demonstrated endogenous SP production and secretion in WT bone cells. Absence of SP reduced bone resorption rate, as we found reduced numbers of precursor cells (BMM) and multinucleated osteoclasts and measured reduced cathepsin K activity in Tac1-/- BMM/osteoclast cultures. However, this might partly be compensated by reduced apoptosis rate and increased fusion potential of Tac1-/- precursor cells to enlarged "super" osteoclasts. Contrarily, increased ALP enzyme activity and apoptosis rate during early osteoblast differentiation accelerated osteogenesis and cell death in the absence of SP together with reduced ALP activity of Tac1-/- osteoblasts during late osteogenic differentiation resulting in reduced bone formation at later stages. Therefore, we suggest that absence of SP presumably results in a slight reduction of bone resorption rate but concomitantly in a critical reduction of bone formation and mineralization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Niedermair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schirner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Seebröker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H Straub
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine-Immunology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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Liu X, Liu H, Xiong Y, Yang L, Wang C, Zhang R, Zhu X. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with the regulation of SP, CGRP, VIP, and NPY. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:742-750. [PMID: 29807224 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency is the main factor underlying postmenopausal osteoporosis. A large number of neuropeptides, which regulate skeletal metabolism, potentially represent a regulatory pathway for the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to explore factors involved in the regulation of bone-related neuropeptides and their association with estrogen deficiency and bone metabolism. Thirty adult female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group with sham surgery (n = 15) and an ovariectomy group with bilateral oophorectomy (n = 15). After 16 weeks, serum estrogen was reduced,CTX-1 was increased and P1NP was not significantly affected in the ovariectomy group and a model of osteoporosis was established. We then investigate the gene expression and protein levels of a range of neuropeptides and their receptors, including substance P (SP) and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and calcitonin receptor-like (CALCRL), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and receptor 1 and 2 (VPAC1, 2), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and receptor Y1 and Y2, in the brain and femora. Ovariectomy reduced TACR1, CGRP, CALCRL, NPY, NPY Y2 in the brain, but increased TACR1 and decreased SP, CALCRL, VIP, VPAC2 in the bone. Collectively, our data revealed that the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis is associated with the regulation of SP, CGRP, VIP, and NPY. These novel results are of significant importance in the development of neuropeptides as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Liu
- Jinan University College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Hengrui Liu
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Yingquan Xiong
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Chaopeng Wang
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Jinan University College of Pharmacy, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, PR China.
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73
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Brady RD, Shultz SR, McDonald SJ, O'Brien TJ. Neurological heterotopic ossification: Current understanding and future directions. Bone 2018; 109:35-42. [PMID: 28526267 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurological heterotopic ossification (NHO) involves the formation of bone in soft tissue following a neurological condition, of which the most common are brain and spinal cord injuries. NHO often forms around the hip, knee and shoulder joints, causing severe pain and joint deformation which is associated with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. The cellular and molecular events that initiate NHO have been the focus of an increasing number of human and animal studies over the past decade, with this work largely driven by the need to unearth potential therapeutic interventions to prevent the formation of NHO. This review provides an overview of the present understanding of NHO pathogenesis and pathobiology, current treatments, novel therapeutic targets, potential biomarkers and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys D Brady
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Sandy R Shultz
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
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74
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Lim JE, Son Y. Endogenous Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Aging. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:679-698. [PMID: 30603520 PMCID: PMC6171667 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In almost all human tissues and organs, adult stem cells or tissue stem cells are present in a unique location, the so-called stem cell niche or its equivalent, continuously replenishing functional differentiated cells. Those endogenous stem cells can be expanded for cell therapeutics using ex vivo cell culture or recalled for tissue repair in situ through cell trafficking and homing. In the aging process, inefficiency in the endogenous stem cell-mediated healing mechanism can emerge from a variety of impairments that accumulate in the processes of stem cell self-renewal, function, differentiation capacity, and trafficking through cell autonomous intrinsic pathways (such as epigenetic alterations) or systemic extrinsic pathways. This review examines the homeostasis of endogenous stem cells, particularly bone marrow stem cells, and their dysregulation in disease and aging and discusses possible intervention strategies. Several systemic pro-aging and rejuvenating factors, recognized in heterochronic parabiosis or premature aging progeroid animal models, are reviewed as possible anti-aging pharmaceutical targets from the perspective of a healthy environment for endogenous stem cells. A variety of epigenetic modifications and chromosome architectures are reviewed as an intrinsic cellular pathway for aging and senescence. A gradual increase in inflammatory burden during aging is also reviewed. Finally, the tissue repair and anti-aging effects of Substance-P, a peptide stimulating stem cell trafficking from the bone marrow and modifying the inflammatory response, are discussed as a future anti-aging target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsook Son
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea
- Kyung Hee Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02453 Republic of Korea
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75
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Huang H, Cheng WX, Hu YP, Chen JH, Zheng ZT, Zhang P. Relationship between heterotopic ossification and traumatic brain injury: Why severe traumatic brain injury increases the risk of heterotopic ossification. J Orthop Translat 2017; 12:16-25. [PMID: 29662775 PMCID: PMC5866497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a pathological phenomenon in which ectopic lamellar bone forms in soft tissues. HO involves many predisposing factors, including congenital and postnatal factors. Postnatal HO is usually induced by fracture, burn, neurological damage (brain injury and spinal cord injury) and joint replacement. Recent studies have found that patients who suffered from bone fracture combined with severe traumatic brain injury (S-TBI) are at a significantly increased risk for HO occurrence. Thus, considerable research focused on the influence of S-TBI on fracture healing and bone formation, as well as on the changes in various osteogenic factors with S-TBI occurrence. Brain damage promotes bone formation, but the exact mechanisms underlying bone formation and HO after S-TBI remain to be clarified. Hence, this article summarises the findings of previous studies on the relationship between S-TBI and HO and discusses the probable causes and mechanisms of HO caused by S-TBI. The translational potential of this article: A better understanding of the probable causes of traumatic brain injury-induced HO can provide new perspectives and ideas in preventing HO and may support to design more targeted therapies to reduce HO or enhance the bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Xiang Cheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi-Ping Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian-Hai Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zheng-Tan Zheng
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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76
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Chen J, Zhang W, Kelk P, Backman LJ, Danielson P. Substance P and patterned silk biomaterial stimulate periodontal ligament stem cells to form corneal stroma in a bioengineered three-dimensional model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:260. [PMID: 29132420 PMCID: PMC5683543 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We aimed to generate a bioengineered multi-lamellar human corneal stroma tissue in vitro by differentiating periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) towards keratocytes on an aligned silk membrane. Methods Human PDLSCs were isolated and identified. The neuropeptide substance P (SP) was added in keratocyte differentiation medium (KDM) to evaluate its effect on keratocyte differentiation of PDLSCs. PDLSCs were then seeded on patterned silk membrane and cultured with KDM and SP. Cell alignment was evaluated and the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components of corneal stroma was detected. Finally, multi-lamellar tissue was constructed in vitro by PDLSCs seeded on patterned silk membranes, which were stacked orthogonally and stimulated by KDM supplemented with SP for 18 days. Sections were prepared and subsequently stained with hematoxylin and eosin or antibodies for immunofluorescence observation of human corneal stroma-related proteins. Results SP promoted the expression of corneal stroma-related collagens (collagen types I, III, V, and VI) during the differentiation induced by KDM. Patterned silk membrane guided cell alignment of PDLSCs, and important ECM components of the corneal stroma were shown to be deposited by the cells. The constructed multi-lamellar tissue was found to support cells growing between every two layers and expressing the main type of collagens (collagen types I and V) and proteoglycans (lumican and keratocan) of normal human corneal stroma. Conclusions Multi-lamellar human corneal stroma-like tissue can be constructed successfully in vitro by PDLSCs seeded on orthogonally aligned, multi-layered silk membranes with SP supplementation, which shows potential for future corneal tissue engineering. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0715-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Peyman Kelk
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Danielson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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77
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Bone adaptation to mechanical loading in a mouse model of reduced peripheral sensory nerve function. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187354. [PMID: 29088267 PMCID: PMC5663494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Underlying mechanisms contributing to the imbalance in bone turnover during osteoporosis remain only partially explained. Reduced sensory nerve function may contribute to this imbalance, as sensory neuropeptides affect the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vivo, especially during bone adaptation. In this study, we investigated bone adaptation in mice following two weeks of tibial compression (peak magnitude 3 N or 7 N). To induce decreased sensory nerve function, mice were treated with capsaicin as neonates. We hypothesized that decreased sensory nerve function would diminish the adaptation of bone to mechanical loading, assessed with μCT and dynamic histomorphometry. We found that tibial compression induced significant changes in cortical microarchitecture that depended on compression magnitude and location along the length of the tibia; in contrast, there was no effect of loading on trabecular bone of the tibial metaphysis. Tibial compression significantly increased periosteal, and decreased endosteal, bone formation. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, capsaicin-treated mice generally displayed a similar, if not larger, adaptive response to mechanical loading, including greater increases in bone mineral content and mineral apposition rate. To integrate mechanical loading of bone with sensory nerve activation, we examined whether concentration of the neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) in bone were affected following 1 or 5 days of 5 N tibial compression or hindlimb unloading. We found that 1 day of tibial compression significantly increased CGRP concentrations in bone, and hindlimb unloading also exhibited a trend toward increased CGRP in bone. These results may suggest a role of sensory nerves in the bone adaptation response to the mechanical environment, though this remains unclear.
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78
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Muñoz M, Muñoz MF, Ayala A. Immunolocalization of Substance P and NK‐1 Receptor in ADIPOSE Stem Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4686-4696. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Muñoz
- Virgen del Rocío University HospitalResearch Laboratory on Neuropeptides (IBIS)SevilleSpain
| | - Mario F. Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of SevilleSpain
| | - Antonio Ayala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of SevilleSpain
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Grässel S, Muschter D. Peripheral Nerve Fibers and Their Neurotransmitters in Osteoarthritis Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18050931. [PMID: 28452955 PMCID: PMC5454844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the nociceptive nervous system for maintaining tissue homeostasis has been known for some time, and it has also been suggested that organogenesis and tissue repair are under neuronal control. Changes in peripheral joint innervation are supposed to be partly responsible for degenerative alterations in joint tissues which contribute to development of osteoarthritis. Various resident cell types of the musculoskeletal system express receptors for sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters, allowing response to peripheral neuronal stimuli. Among them are mesenchymal stem cells, synovial fibroblasts, bone cells and chondrocytes of different origin, which express distinct subtypes of adrenoceptors (AR), receptors for vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Some of these cell types synthesize and secrete neuropeptides such as SP, and they are positive for tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH), the rate limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of catecholamines. Sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters are involved in the pathology of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which manifests mainly in the joints. In addition, they seem to play a role in pathogenesis of priori degenerative joint disorders such as osteoarthritis (OA). Altogether it is evident that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are critical for joint tissue and bone homeostasis. They modulate articular cartilage, subchondral bone and synovial tissue properties in physiological and pathophysiological conditions, in addition to their classical neurological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Exp. Orthopedics, ZMB/Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Dominique Muschter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Exp. Orthopedics, ZMB/Biopark 1, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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80
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Kim H, Baek KH, Lee SY, Ahn SH, Lee SH, Koh JM, Rhee Y, Kim CH, Kim DY, Kang MI, Kim BJ, Min YK. Association of circulating dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 levels with osteoporotic fracture in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1099-1108. [PMID: 27866216 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3839-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Postmenopausal women with osteoporotic fracture (OF) had higher plasma dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) levels than those without. Furthermore, higher plasma DPP4 levels were significantly associated with higher bone turnover and a higher prevalence of OF. These results indicated that DPP4 may be associated with OF by mediating bone turnover rate. INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) plays a distinct role in bone metabolism. However, there has been no report on the association, if any, between circulating DPP4 levels and osteoporosis-related phenotypes, including osteoporotic fracture (OF). Therefore, we performed a case-control study to investigate these associations in postmenopausal women. METHODS This study was conducted in multiple centers in Korea. We enrolled 178 cases with OF and 178 age- and body mass index-matched controls. OF was assessed by an interviewer-assisted questionnaire and lateral thoracolumbar radiographs. Bone turnover markers (BTMs), bone mineral density (BMD), and plasma DPP4 levels were obtained in all subjects. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, subjects with OF had significantly higher DPP4 levels than those without (P = 0.021). Higher DPP4 levels were significantly positively associated with higher levels of all BTMs, but not with BMD at all measured sites. The differences in DPP4 levels according to OF status disappeared after an additional adjustment for each BTM, but not after adjustment for any BMD values. BTMs explained approximately half of the relationship between DPP4 and OF. The risk of OF was 3.80-fold (95% confidence interval = 1.53-9.42) higher in subjects in the highest DPP4 quartile than in those in the lowest quartile after adjustment for potential confounders, including femoral neck BMD. CONCLUSIONS DPP4 may be associated with OF by at least partly mediating the bone turnover rate. Circulating DPP4 levels may be a potential biomarker that could increase the predictive power of current fracture risk assessment models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - K H Baek
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - S-Y Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, 138-736, South Korea
| | - S H Ahn
- Department of Endocrinology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - J-M Koh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Endocrine Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - C H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sejong General Hospital, Bucheon, 422-711, South Korea
| | - D-Y Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyunghee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 130-872, South Korea
| | - M-I Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - B-J Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.
| | - Y-K Min
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 135-710, Republic of Korea.
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81
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Wang T, Wu D, Li Y, Li W, Zhang S, Hu K, Zhou H. Substance P incorporation in calcium phosphate cement for dental alveolar bone defect restoration. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 69:546-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yang J, Nie J, Fu S, Liu S, Wu J, Cui L, Zhang Y, Yu B. The fast track to canonical Wnt signaling in MC3T3-E1 cells protected by substance P against serum deprivation-induced apoptosis. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:71-78. [PMID: 27592589 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The canonical Wnt pathway is vital to bone physiology by increasing bone mass through elevated osteoblast survival. Although investigated extensively in stem cells, its role in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells has not been completely determined. To explore how this pathway is regulated by different conditions, we assessed the anti-apoptotic effects of substance P on the canonical Wnt pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells by treating cells with serum deprivation or serum starving with "substance P," a neuropeptide demonstrated to promote bone growth and stimulate Wnt signaling. The results showed that serum deprivation both induced apoptosis and activated Wnt signal transduction while substance P further stimulated the Wnt pathway via the NK-1 receptor but protected the cells from apoptotic death. Fast-tracking of Wnt signaling by substance P was also noted. These results indicate that nutritional deprivation and substance P synergistically activated the canonical Wnt pathway, a finding that helps to reveal the role of Wnt signaling in bone physiology affected by nutritional deprivation and neuropeptide substance P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Yang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Huhhot First Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
| | - Jiping Nie
- Department of Hand Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010030, China
| | - Su Fu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Jianqun Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
| | - Liang Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Huhhot First Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010020, China
| | - Yongtao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, Hebei, 056002, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510515, China
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83
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Visser R, Rico-Llanos GA, Pulkkinen H, Becerra J. Peptides for bone tissue engineering. J Control Release 2016; 244:122-135. [PMID: 27794492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular signals in the form of growth factors are the main modulators of cell behavior. However, the use of growth factors in tissue engineering has several drawbacks, including their costs, difficult production, immunogenicity and short half-life. Furthermore, many of them are pleiotropic and, since a single growth factor can have different active domains, their effect is not always fully controllable. A very interesting alternative that has recently emerged is the use of biomimetic peptides. Sequences derived from the active domains of soluble or extracellular matrix proteins can be used to functionalize the biomaterials used as scaffolds for new tissue growth to either direct the attachment of cells or to be released as soluble ligands. Since these short peptides can be easily designed and cost-effectively synthesized in vitro, their use has opened up a world of new opportunities to obtain cheaper and more effective implants for regenerative medicine strategies. In this extensive review we will go through many of the most important peptides with potential interest for bone tissue engineering, not limiting to those that only mediate cell adhesion or induce the osteogenic differentiation of progenitor cells, but also focusing on those that direct angiogenesis because of its close relation with bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Visser
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Spain; BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain.
| | - Gustavo A Rico-Llanos
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Spain; BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain
| | - Hertta Pulkkinen
- BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jose Becerra
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain; Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, University of Malaga, IBIMA, Spain; BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, Junta de Andalucia, University of Malaga, Spain
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84
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Laurent MR, Dubois V, Claessens F, Verschueren SMP, Vanderschueren D, Gielen E, Jardí F. Muscle-bone interactions: From experimental models to the clinic? A critical update. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 432:14-36. [PMID: 26506009 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is a biomechanical tissue shaped by forces from muscles and gravitation. Simultaneous bone and muscle decay and dysfunction (osteosarcopenia or sarco-osteoporosis) is seen in ageing, numerous clinical situations including after stroke or paralysis, in neuromuscular dystrophies, glucocorticoid excess, or in association with vitamin D, growth hormone/insulin like growth factor or sex steroid deficiency, as well as in spaceflight. Physical exercise may be beneficial in these situations, but further work is still needed to translate acceptable and effective biomechanical interventions like vibration therapy from animal models to humans. Novel antiresorptive and anabolic therapies are emerging for osteoporosis as well as drugs for sarcopenia, cancer cachexia or muscle wasting disorders, including antibodies against myostatin or activin receptor type IIA and IIB (e.g. bimagrumab). Ideally, increasing muscle mass would increase muscle strength and restore bone loss from disuse. However, the classical view that muscle is unidirectionally dominant over bone via mechanical loading is overly simplistic. Indeed, recent studies indicate a role for neuronal regulation of not only muscle but also bone metabolism, bone signaling pathways like receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) implicated in muscle biology, myokines affecting bone and possible bone-to-muscle communication. Moreover, pharmacological strategies inducing isolated myocyte hypertrophy may not translate into increased muscle power because tendons, connective tissue, neurons and energy metabolism need to adapt as well. We aim here to critically review key musculoskeletal molecular pathways involved in mechanoregulation and their effect on the bone-muscle unit as a whole, as well as preclinical and emerging clinical evidence regarding the effects of sarcopenia therapies on osteoporosis and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël R Laurent
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Vanessa Dubois
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine M P Verschueren
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Science, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderschueren
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Centre for Metabolic Bone Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ferran Jardí
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Inhibition of substance P signaling aggravates the bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:112-121. [PMID: 27237582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Substance P signaling regulates the functions of both osteoblast and osteoclast. Available reports on the effects of substance P on bone mass are contradictory. The objective of this study was to determine the change of substance P expression in the osteoporotic bone of OVX mice. The effects of substance P signaling blockade by using its specific receptor antagonist L-703606 on bone remodeling in sham-operated mice and OVX mice were also investigated. METHODS Forty-eight nine-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were evenly distributed into three groups with sham surgery, OVX or OVX with estrogen replacement. Substance P expression in the bones of each group of mice was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and enzyme immunoassay. Another thirty-two nine-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were divided into a SHAM group (sham surgery followed by vehicle treatment with DMSO), a SHAM + L group (sham surgery followed by 15 mg/kg/d L-703606 repeated intraperitoneal injections), an OVX group (ovariectomy with the same vehicle treatment) and an OVX + L group (ovariectomy with the same L-703606 injections), with 8 mice in each group. Treatment started 3 weeks after surgery and last for 3 weeks. A 2 × 2 factorial experimental design was used to detect the effects of substance P signaling blockade on bone remodeling in sham-operated mice and OVX mice. Techniques including micro-computed tomography, biomechanical testing, histomorphometric analysis, enzyme immunoassay, and real-time PCR were employed. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry and enzyme immunoassay revealed that substance P expression significantly decreased in the bones of OVX mice both at 3 weeks and 6 weeks after surgery. Micro-CT tomography demonstrated that application of L-703606 led to bone loss in sham-operated mice, and aggravated the micro-structural deterioration of bones in OVX mice. This was shown by reduced BV/TV (Mean bone volume fraction), Tb.N (Mean trabecular number) and Tb.Th (Mean trabecular thickness), and increased Tb.Sp (Mean trabecular separation). Biomechanical analysis demonstrated that blockade of substance P signaling reduced the maximum stress and maximum load of L3 vertebrae and tibiae. Inhibited recruitment of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to bone remodeling sites, which was evidenced by increased number of osteoclasts, decreased number of osteoblasts and increased osteoid volume in the secondary spongiosa, was observed in the mice treated with L-703606. A significant decrease of OPG/RANKL ratio was also found in the bones of mice treated with L-703606. Body weight, uterine weight and serum estradiol level were not significantly different between the mice treated with L-703606 and those treated with vehicle. CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that blocking substance P signaling led to bone loss in sham-operated mice, and exacerbated the bone loss in OVX mice. Substance P signaling had an important role in the maintenance of bone mass.
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Liu S, Jin D, Wu JQ, Xu ZY, Fu S, Mei G, Zou ZL, Ma SH. Neuropeptide Y stimulates osteoblastic differentiation and VEGF expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells related to canonical Wnt signaling activating in vitro. Neuropeptides 2016; 56:105-13. [PMID: 26707636 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a neuropeptide secreted by sensory nerve fibers distributed in the marrow and vascular canals of bone tissue. However, the effect of NPY on the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains controversial and has not been thoroughly investigated. To explore the osteogenic activity and the migration and VEGF expression capabilities of BMSCs affected by NPY, as well as the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the potential relationships among NPY, osteoblastic differentiation, angiogenesis and canonical Wnt signaling in BMSCs. NPY was observed to regulate osteoblastic differentiation at concentrations ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-12)mol/L, and the effects of NPY on the levels of Wnt signaling proteins were detected using Western blotting. To unravel the underlying mechanism, BMSCs were treated with NPY after pretreatment with the NPY-1R antagonist PD160170 or the Wnt pathway antagonist DKK1, and gene expression levels of Wnt signaling molecules and osteoblastic markers were determined by qPCR. Our results indicated that NPY significantly promoted osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner and up-regulated the expression levels of proteins including β-catenin and p-GSK-3β and the mRNA level of β-catenin. Moreover, NPY promoted the translocation of β-catenin into nucleus. The effects of NPY were inhibited by PD160170 or DKK1. Additionally, NPY enhanced the ability of BMSCs to migrate and promoted the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as measured by immunocytochemical staining, qPCR and Western blot. These results suggested that NPY may stimulate osteoblastic differentiation via activating canonical Wnt signaling and enhance the angiogenic capacity of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-qun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-yi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Su Fu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Mei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Xiangyang City, Hubei Province 441021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Lv Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-hui Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Avenue, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province 510515, People's Republic of China
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Amso Z, Cornish J, Brimble MA. Short Anabolic Peptides for Bone Growth. Med Res Rev 2016; 36:579-640. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Amso
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Jillian Cornish
- Department of Medicine; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1010 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences; The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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Lin Y, Kazlova V, Ramakrishnan S, Murray MA, Fast D, Chandra A, Gellenbeck KW. Bone health nutraceuticals alter microarray mRNA gene expression: A randomized, parallel, open-label clinical study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:18-26. [PMID: 26902403 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dietary intake of fruits and vegetables has been suggested to have a role in promoting bone health. More specifically, the polyphenols they contain have been linked to physiological effects related to bone mineral density and bone metabolism. In this research, we use standard microarray analyses of peripheral whole blood from post-menopausal women treated with two fixed combinations of plant extracts standardized to polyphenol content to identify differentially expressed genes relevant to bone health. METHODS In this 28-day open-label study, healthy post-menopausal women were randomized into three groups, each receiving one of three investigational fixed combinations of plant extracts: an anti-resorptive (AR) combination of pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) and grape seed (Vitis vinifera L.) extracts; a bone formation (BF) combination of quercetin (Dimorphandra mollis Benth) and licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) extracts; and a fixed combination of all four plant extracts (AR plus BF). Standard microarray analysis was performed on peripheral whole blood samples taken before and after each treatment. Annotated genes were analyzed for their association to bone health by comparison to a gene library. RESULTS The AR combination down-regulated a number of genes involved in reduction of bone resorption including cathepsin G (CTSG) and tachykinin receptor 1 (TACR1). The AR combination also up-regulated genes associated with formation of extracellular matrix including heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2 (HSPG2) and hyaluronoglucosaminidase 1 (HYAL1). In contrast, treatment with the BF combination resulted in up-regulation of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and COL1A1 (collagen type I α1) genes which are linked to bone and collagen formation while down-regulating genes linked to osteoclastogenesis. Treatment with a combination of all four plant extracts had a distinctly different effect on gene expression than the results of the AR and BF combinations individually. These results could be due to multiple feedback systems balancing activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. CONCLUSION In summary, this ex-vivo microarray study indicated that the pomegranate, grape seed, quercetin and licorice combinations of plant extracts modulated gene expression for both osteoclastic and osteogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Lin
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States; Yumei Consulting, Inc., P.O. Box 821, Huntington Beach, CA 92648, United States
| | - Valentina Kazlova
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States
| | - Shyam Ramakrishnan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States; The Himalaya Drug Company, Makali, Tumkur Road, Bangalore 562123, India
| | - Mary A Murray
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States
| | - David Fast
- Access Business Group, 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355, United States
| | - Amitabh Chandra
- Access Business Group, 7575 East Fulton Avenue, Ada, MI 49355, United States
| | - Kevin W Gellenbeck
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Amway R&D, 5600 Beach Boulevard, Buena Park, CA 90622, United States.
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Paul J, Barg A, Kretzschmar M, Pagenstert G, Studler U, Hügle T, Wegner NJ, Valderrabano V, Geurts J. Increased Osseous (99m)Tc-DPD Uptake in End-Stage Ankle Osteoarthritis: Correlation Between SPECT-CT Imaging and Histologic Findings. Foot Ankle Int 2015; 36:1438-47. [PMID: 26231199 DOI: 10.1177/1071100715596745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed the histopathologic findings in end-stage osteoarthritic ankle joint tissue that display increased uptake of bone-seeking radiotracer in single-photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT) imaging. METHODS Six consecutive patients with end-stage osteoarthritis undergoing total ankle replacement received preoperative SPECT-CT imaging using (99m)Technetium dicarboxypropane diphosphonate ((99m)Tc-DPD). Using imaging data for stratification, osteochondral tissue sections were prepared from SPECT-positive (+) and -negative (-) areas of tibial and talar resection specimens. Histomorphometric analyses of osteoblast numbers, collagen deposition, and cartilage degeneration were performed on hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson's and Safranin-O stained tissue sections. Osteoclast activity was visualized using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. RESULTS Increased (99m)Tc-DPD uptake was observed exclusively subjacent to the subchondral bone plate of tibial and talar joint compartments. SPECT(-) tissues displayed typical fatty marrow morphology containing mainly collagen-positive blood vessels and few marrow and bone-lining cells. SPECT(+) tissues were characterized by increased numbers of active bone-lining osteoblasts depositing collagen fibers. Collagen area fraction of subchondral bone marrow was significantly increased in SPECT(+) (0.52 ± 0.21) compared with SPECT(-) (0.29 ± 0.13) tissues (P = .30). Multinucleated TRAP(+) osteoclasts were absent from bone formation sites, but associated with vascular structures invading articular cartilage through the subchondral bone plate. Increased (99m)Tc-DPD uptake was specifically and strongly correlated with increased osteoblast numbers (P = .011), and with collagen area fraction (P = .030) but not with Mankin score (P = .202), or with osteoclast number (P = .576). CONCLUSION Subchondral bone tissues in SPECT(+) areas of end-stage ankle osteoarthritis were histologically characterized by increased osteoblast-mediated bone formation in the absence of functional osteoclasts, and increased cellularity and collagen deposition in marrow tissues. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest a pathologic bone-remodeling process in end-stage ankle OA areas with increased (99m)Tc-DPD uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Paul
- Praxisklinik Rennbahn AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Ueli Studler
- University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hügle
- University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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The role of peripheral nerve fibers and their neurotransmitters in cartilage and bone physiology and pathophysiology. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 16:485. [PMID: 25789373 PMCID: PMC4395972 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system is critically involved in bone metabolism, osteogenesis, and bone remodeling. Nerve fibers of sympathetic and sensory origin innervate synovial tissue and subchondral bone of diathrodial joints. They modulate vascularization and matrix differentiation during endochondral ossification in embryonic limb development, indicating a distinct role in skeletal growth and limb regeneration processes. In pathophysiological situations, the innervation pattern of sympathetic and sensory nerve fibers is altered in adult joint tissues and bone. Various resident cell types of the musculoskeletal system express receptors for sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters. Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells, synovial fibroblasts, and different types of chondrocytes produce distinct subtypes of adrenoceptors, receptors for vasointestinal peptide, for substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Many of these cells even synthesize neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide and are positive for tyrosine-hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme for biosynthesis of catecholamines. Sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters modulate osteo-chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells during endochondral ossification in limb development. In adults, sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters are critical for bone regeneration after fracture and are involved in the pathology of inflammatory diseases as rheumatoid arthritis which manifests mainly in joints. Possibly, they might also play a role in pathogenesis of degenerative joint disorders, such as osteoarthritis. All together, accumulating data imply that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are critical for proper limb formation during embryonic skeletal growth. In adults, they modulate bone regeneration, bone remodeling, and articular cartilage homeostasis in addition to their classic neurological actions.
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91
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Chen WH, Mao CQ, Zhuo LL, Ong JL. Beta-nerve growth factor promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis during the repair of bone defects. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1159-65. [PMID: 26330843 PMCID: PMC4541251 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.160114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that the repair of bone defects is regulated by neural and vascular signals. In the present study, we examined the effect of topically applied β-nerve growth factor (β-NGF) on neurogenesis and angiogenesis in critical-sized bone defects filled with collagen bone substitute. We created two symmetrical defects, 2.5 mm in diameter, on either side of the parietal bone of the skull, and filled them with bone substitute. Subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps were used to infuse 10 μg β-NGF in PBS (β-NGF + PBS) into the right-hand side defect, and PBS into the left (control) defect, over the 7 days following surgery. Immunohistochemical staining and hematoxylin-eosin staining were carried out at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postoperatively. On day 7, expression of β III-tubulin was lower on the β-NGF + PBS side than on the control side, and that of neurofilament 160 was greater. On day 14, β III-tubulin and protein gene product 9.5 were greater on the β-NGF + PBS side than on the control side. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was greater on the experimental side than the control side at 7 days, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 expression was elevated on days 14 and 21, but lower than control levels on day 28. However, no difference in the number of blood vessels was observed between sides. Our results indicate that topical application of β-NGF promoted neurogenesis, and may modulate angiogenesis by promoting nerve regeneration in collagen bone substitute-filled defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hui Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuan-qing Mao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Li-li Zhuo
- Department of Oral Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Joo L. Ong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Abstract
Charcot foot syndrome is an uncommon complication of diabetes but is potentially devastating in its consequences. Outcome is made worse by widespread professional ignorance leading to delayed diagnosis, but it is also hampered by lack of understanding of its causes and lack of treatments with proven effectiveness, other than offloading. There remains a desperate need for studies into its causes as well as comparative audit and trials designed to determine the best treatment for this difficult condition. Such work can probably only be effectively carried out through the establishment of multicentre networks. Nevertheless, improved understanding in recent years of the likely role of inflammatory pathways has raised awareness of the multiple ways in which the effects of neuropathy may be manifest in the development of the Charcot foot. This awareness is also leading to the realization that similar processes may conceivably contribute to the refractoriness of other foot diseases in diabetes, including both chronic unhealing ulcers and osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Jeffcoate
- Foot Ulcer Trials Unit, Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Protective Effect of Neuropeptide Substance P on Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells against Apoptosis Induced by Serum Deprivation. Stem Cells Int 2015; 2015:270328. [PMID: 26106423 PMCID: PMC4464676 DOI: 10.1155/2015/270328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance P (SP) contributes to bone formation by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs); however, the possible involved effect of SP on apoptosis induced by serum deprivation (SD) in BMSCs is unclear. To explore the potential protective effect of SP and its mechanism, we investigated the relationships among SP, apoptosis induced by SD, and Wnt signaling in BMSCs. SP exhibited a protective effect, as indicated by a reduction in the apoptotic rate, nuclear condensation, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activation, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 that was observed after 24 h of SD. This protective effect was blocked by the inhibition of Wnt signaling or antagonism of the NK-1 receptor. Moreover, SP promoted the mRNA and protein expression of Wnt signaling molecules such as β-catenin, p-GSK-3β, c-myc, and cyclin D1 in addition to the nuclear translocation of β-catenin, indicating that active Wnt signaling is involved in SP inhibition of apoptosis. Our results revealed that mediated by the NK-1 receptor, SP exerts an inhibitory effect on serum deprivation induced apoptosis in BMSCs that is related to the activation of canonical Wnt signaling.
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Harris M, Cilwa K, Elster EA, Potter BK, Forsberg JA, Crane NJ. Pilot study for detection of early changes in tissue associated with heterotopic ossification: moving toward clinical use of Raman spectroscopy. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:144-52. [PMID: 25738521 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1013190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Over 60% of combat-wounded patients develop heterotopic ossification (HO). Nearly 33% of them require surgical excision for symptomatic lesions, a procedure that is both fraught with complications and can delay or regress functional rehabilitation. Relative medical contraindications limit widespread use of conventional means of primary prophylaxis, such as nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications and radiotherapy. Better methods for risk stratification are needed to both mitigate the risk of current means of primary prophylaxis as well as to evaluate novel preventive strategies currently in development. We asked whether Raman spectral changes, measured ex vivo, could be associated with histologic evidence of the earliest signs of HO formation and substance P (SP) expression in tissue biopsies from the wounds of combat casualties. In this pilot study, we compared normal muscle tissue, injured muscle tissue, very early HO lesions (< 16 d post-injury), early HO lesions (> 16 d post-injury) and mature HO lesions. The Raman spectra of these tissues demonstrate clear differences in the Amide I and III spectral regions of HO lesions compared to normal tissue, denoted by changes in the Amide I band center (p < 0.01) and the 1340/1270 cm(-1) (p < 0.05) band area and band height ratios. SP expression in the HO lesions appears to peak between 16 and 30 d post-injury, as determined by SP immunohistochemistry of corresponding tissue sections, potentially indicating optimal timing for administration of therapeutics. Raman spectroscopy may therefore prove a useful, non-invasive and early diagnostic modality to detect HO formation before it becomes evident either clinically or radiographically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Harris
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of Health Science , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Moeinzadeh S, Jabbari E. Morphogenic Peptides in Regeneration of Load Bearing Tissues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 881:95-110. [PMID: 26545746 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22345-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Morphogenic proteins due to their short half-life require high doses of growth factors in regeneration of load bearing tissues which leads to undesirable side effects. These side effects include bone overgrowth, tumor formation and immune reaction. An alternative approach to reduce undesirable side effects of proteins in regenerative medicine is to use morphogenic peptides derived from the active domains of morphogenic proteins or soluble and insoluble components of the extracellular matrix of mineralized load bearing tissues to induce differentiation of progenitor cells, mineralization, maturation and bone formation. In that regard, many peptides with osteogenic activity have been discovered. These include peptides derived from bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), those based on interaction with integrin and heparin-binding receptors, collagen derived peptides, peptides derived from other soluble ECM proteins such as bone sialoprotein and enamel matrix proteins, and those peptides derived from vasculoinductive and neuro-inductive proteins. Although these peptides show significant osteogenic activity in vitro and increase mineralization and bone formation in animal models, they are not widely used in clinical orthopedic applications as an alternative to morphogenic proteins. This is partly due to the limited availability of data on structure and function of morphogenic peptides in physiological medium, particularly in tissue engineered scaffolds. Due to their amphiphilic nature, peptides spontaneously self-assemble and aggregate into micellar structures in physiological medium. Aggregation alters the sequence of amino acids in morphogenic peptides that interact with cell surface receptors thus affecting osteogenic activity of the peptide. Aggregation and micelle formation can dramatically reduce the active concentration of morphogenic peptides with many-fold increase in peptide concentration in physiological medium. Other factors that affect bioactivity are the non-specific interaction of morphogenic peptides with lipid bilayer of the cell membrane, interaction of the peptide with cell surface receptors that do not specifically induce osteogenesis leading to less-than-optimal osteogenic activity of the peptide, and less-than-optimal interaction of the peptide with osteogenic receptors on the cell surface. Covalent attachment or physical interaction with the tissue engineered matrix can also alter the bioactivity of morphogenic peptides and lead to a lower extent of osteogenesis and bone formation. This chapter reviews advances in discovery of morphogenic peptide, their structural characterization, and challenges in using morphogenic peptides in clinical applications as growth factors in tissue engineered devices for regeneration of load bearing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedsina Moeinzadeh
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Swearingen Engineering Center, Rm 2C11, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Esmaiel Jabbari
- Biomimetic Materials and Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Department of Chemical Engineering, Swearingen Engineering Center, Rm 2C11, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Galea GL, Meakin LB, Williams CM, Hulin-Curtis SL, Lanyon LE, Poole AW, Price JS. Protein kinase Cα (PKCα) regulates bone architecture and osteoblast activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:25509-22. [PMID: 25070889 PMCID: PMC4162157 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.580365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones' strength is achieved and maintained through adaptation to load bearing. The role of the protein kinase PKCα in this process has not been previously reported. However, we observed a phenotype in the long bones of Prkca−/− female but not male mice, in which bone tissue progressively invades the medullary cavity in the mid-diaphysis. This bone deposition progresses with age and is prevented by disuse but unaffected by ovariectomy. Castration of male Prkca−/− but not WT mice results in the formation of small amounts of intramedullary bone. Osteoblast differentiation markers and Wnt target gene expression were up-regulated in osteoblast-like cells derived from cortical bone of female Prkca−/− mice compared with WT. Additionally, although osteoblastic cells derived from WT proliferate following exposure to estradiol or mechanical strain, those from Prkca−/− mice do not. Female Prkca−/− mice develop splenomegaly and reduced marrow GBA1 expression reminiscent of Gaucher disease, in which PKC involvement has been suggested previously. From these data, we infer that in female mice, PKCα normally serves to prevent endosteal bone formation stimulated by load bearing. This phenotype appears to be suppressed by testicular hormones in male Prkca−/− mice. Within osteoblastic cells, PKCα enhances proliferation and suppresses differentiation, and this regulation involves the Wnt pathway. These findings implicate PKCα as a target gene for therapeutic approaches in low bone mass conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L Galea
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8EJ, United Kingdom and
| | - Lee B Meakin
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8EJ, United Kingdom and
| | - Christopher M Williams
- the School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah L Hulin-Curtis
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8EJ, United Kingdom and
| | - Lance E Lanyon
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8EJ, United Kingdom and
| | - Alastair W Poole
- the School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna S Price
- From the School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS2 8EJ, United Kingdom and
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Zhang YB, Wang L, Jia S, Du ZJ, Zhao YH, Liu YP, Lei DL. Local injection of substance P increases bony formation during mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rats. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014; 52:697-702. [PMID: 25069690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Substance P is a neuropeptide that is distributed in those sensory nerve fibres that innervate the medullary tissues of bone. It is a potent accelerator of proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in vitro. However, its capacity for promoting repair of mandibular defects is not known. We have investigated the osteogenic effects of local injections of substance P during mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rats. Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 10 in each): substance P 10(-7) mmol/l in normal saline 0.2ml was injected into the experimental group, and saline alone into the controls. The mandibular distraction rate was 0.2mm every 12hours for 10 days. Daily injections of substance P or saline were given during the distraction period. Regeneration of bone was assessed quantitatively on days 15 and 29 using microcomputed tomography (microCT), and histological analysis. The rate of bony union in the group treated with substance P was significantly higher than that in the saline alone group on day 29 (p=0.001) The microCT images and quantitation showed more callus and more mature cortical bone when substance P was given than with control. Histological examination showed that cartilaginous tissues had formed in the middle of the distraction gaps in both groups. Bony bridges were seen only in the substance P group at the final time point (day 29). Injection of substance P into the gap of a rat mandible during mandibular distraction improved formation of good-quality bone and accelerated bony union.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Stomatology, No.425 Hospital of PLA, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Sen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhao-jie Du
- Department of Stomatology, No.425 Hospital of PLA, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Ying-hua Zhao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yan-pu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - De-lin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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Niedermair T, Kuhn V, Doranehgard F, Stange R, Wieskötter B, Beckmann J, Salmen P, Springorum HR, Straub RH, Zimmer A, Grifka J, Grässel S. Absence of substance P and the sympathetic nervous system impact on bone structure and chondrocyte differentiation in an adult model of endochondral ossification. Matrix Biol 2014; 38:22-35. [PMID: 25063231 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers (SNF) innervate bone and epiphyseal growth plate. The role of neuronal signals for proper endochondral ossification during skeletal growth is mostly unknown. Here, we investigated the impact of the absence of sensory neurotransmitter substance P (SP) and the removal of SNF on callus differentiation, a model for endochondral ossification in adult animals, and on bone formation. METHODS In order to generate callus, tibia fractures were set in the left hind leg of wild type (WT), tachykinin 1-deficient (Tac1-/-) mice (no SP) and animals without SNF. Locomotion was tested in healthy animals and touch sensibility was determined early after fracture. Callus tissue was prepared for immunofluorescence staining for SP, neurokinin1-receptor (NK1R), tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH) and adrenergic receptors α1, α2 and β2. At the fracture site, osteoclasts were stained for TRAP, osteoblasts were stained for RUNX2, and histomorphometric analysis of callus tissue composition was performed. Primary murine bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM), osteoclasts, and osteoblasts were tested for differentiation, activity, proliferation and apoptosis in vitro. Femoral fractures were set in the left hind leg of all the three groups for mechanical testing and μCT-analysis. RESULTS Callus cells stained positive for SP, NK1R, α1d- and α2b adrenoceptors and remained β2-adrenoceptor and TH-negative. Absence of SP and SNF did not change the general locomotion but reduces touch sensitivity after fracture. In mice without SNF, we detected more mesenchymal callus tissue and less cartilaginous tissue 5 days after fracture. At day 13 past fracture, we observed a decrease of the area covered by hypertrophic chondrocytes in Tac1-/- mice and mice without SNF, a lower number of osteoblasts in Tac1-/- mice and an increase of osteoclasts in mineralized callus tissue in mice without SNF. Apoptosis rate and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts isolated from Tac1-/- and sympathectomized mice were partly altered in vitro. Mechanical testing of fractured- and contralateral legs 21 days after fracture, revealed an overall reduced mechanical bone quality in Tac1-/- mice and mice without SNF. μCT-analysis revealed clear structural alteration in contralateral and fractured legs proximal of the fracture site with respect to trabecular parameters, bone mass and connectivity density. Notably, structural parameters are altered in fractured legs when related to unfractured legs in WT but not in mice without SP and SNF. CONCLUSION The absence of SP and SNF reduces pain sensitivity and mechanical stability of the bone in general. The micro-architecture of the bone is profoundly impaired in the absence of intact SNF with a less drastic effect in SP-deficient mice. Both sympathetic and sensory neurotransmitters are indispensable for proper callus differentiation. Importantly, the absence of SP reduces bone formation rate whereas the absence of SNF induces bone resorption rate. Notably, fracture chondrocytes produce SP and its receptor NK1 and are positive for α-adrenoceptors indicating an endogenous callus signaling loop. We propose that sensory and sympathetic neurotransmitters have crucial trophic effects which are essential for proper bone formation in addition to their classical neurological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Niedermair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Volker Kuhn
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fatemeh Doranehgard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Britta Wieskötter
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckmann
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Salmen
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Rainer H Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Zimmer
- Institute for Molecular Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim Grifka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Regensburg, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, University of Regensburg, Germany.
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Neuropeptide substance P improves osteoblastic and angiogenic differentiation capacity of bone marrow stem cells in vitro. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:596023. [PMID: 25050364 PMCID: PMC4090442 DOI: 10.1155/2014/596023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Our previous work showed that implanting a sensory nerve or vascular bundle when constructing vascularized and neurotized bone could promote bone osteogenesis in tissue engineering. This phenomenon could be explained by the regulatory function of neuropeptides. Neuropeptide substance P (SP) has been demonstrated to contribute to bone growth by stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). However, there have been no prior studies on the association between Wnt signaling and the mechanism of SP in the context of BMSC differentiation. Our results have shown that SP could enhance the differentiation of BMSCs by activating gene and protein expression via the Wnt pathway and by translocating β-catenin, which can be inhibited by Wnt signaling blocker treatment or by the NK-1 antagonist. SP could also increase the growth factor level of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). Additionally, SP could enhance the migration ability of BMSCs, and the promotion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by SP has been studied. In conclusion, SP could induce osteoblastic differentiation via the Wnt pathway and promote the angiogenic ability of BMSCs. These results indicate that a vascularized and neurotized tissue-engineered construct could be feasible for use in bone tissue engineering strategies.
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Blockade of substance P receptor attenuates osteoporotic pain, but not bone loss, in ovariectomized mice. Menopause 2014; 20:1074-83. [PMID: 23549442 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31828837a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a substance P (SP) receptor (NK1 receptor [NK1-R]) antagonist on hyperalgesia and bone metabolism in ovariectomized mice. METHODS Thirty-six 9-week-old mice were subjected to either bilateral ovariectomy or sham surgery. Three weeks after the operation, the mice were treated with either a single-dose injection or 2-week repeated daily administration of L-703606, an NK1-R antagonist. Behavioral tests were performed for pain assessment; tibiae and the third lumbar vertebrae were dissected and assessed for microarchitectural or biomechanical properties. The expressions of SP and NK1-R in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord were also evaluated. RESULTS Both single-dose injection and 2-week repeated injections of L-703606 led to a significant increase in nociceptive threshold in ovariectomized mice. However, the antihyperalgesic effect faded at 2 hours and almost disappeared at 5 hours after a single-dose injection. With the 14-day repeated treatment of ovariectomized mice, the effect was not detectable at 24 hours after the first injection but was obvious at 24 hours after 1-week and 2-week administrations and still existed at 48 hours after the last injection. Ovariectomized mice at the hyperalgesic state had enhanced SP immunoreactivity in the dorsal root ganglia and up-regulated SP and NK1-R expressions in the spinal cord. However, no significant change in serum SP level was detected. Two-week treatment with L-703606 could down-regulate these expressions but failed to salvage the deteriorated trabecular microstructure and reduced compressive strength in ovariectomized mice. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen deficiency-induced hyperalgesia is achieved through up-regulation of SP and NK1-R expressions. Blockade of SP receptor can alleviate pain but cannot ameliorate bone loss. NK1-R antagonist is not recommended for the treatment of estrogen deficiency osteoporosis.
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