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Ben Haj Ali A, Amouri A, Sayeb M, Makni S, Hammami W, Naouali C, Dallali H, Romdhane L, Bashamboo A, McElreavey K, Abdelhak S, Messaoud O. Cytogenetic and molecular diagnosis of Fanconi anemia revealed two hidden phenotypes: Disorder of sex development and cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00694. [PMID: 31124294 PMCID: PMC6625148 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have shown a high rate of consanguinity and endogamy in North African populations. As a result, the frequency of autosomal recessive diseases is relatively high in the region with the co‐occurrence of two or more diseases. Methods We report here on a consanguineous Libyan family whose child was initially diagnosed as presenting Fanconi anemia (FA) with uncommon skeletal deformities. The chromosome breakage test has been performed using mitomycin C (MMC) while molecular analysis was performed by a combined approach of linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing. Results Cytogenetic analyses showed that the karyotype of the female patient is 46,XY suggesting the diagnosis of a disorder of sex development (DSD). By looking at the genetic etiology of FA and DSD, we have identified p.[Arg798*];[Arg798*] mutation in FANCJ (OMIM #605882) gene responsible for FA and p.[Arg108*];[Arg1497Trp] in EFCAB6 (Gene #64800) gene responsible for DSD. In addition, we have incidentally discovered a novel mutation p.[Gly1372Arg];[Gly1372Arg] in the ERCC6 (CSB) (OMIM #609413) gene responsible for COFS that might explain the atypical severe skeletal deformities. Conclusion The co‐occurrence of clinical and overlapping genetic heterogeneous entities should be taken into consideration for better molecular and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Ben Haj Ali
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ahlem Amouri
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Sayeb
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Wajih Hammami
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chokri Naouali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hamza Dallali
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lilia Romdhane
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anu Bashamboo
- Human Developmental Genetics, Institut Pasteur de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Olfa Messaoud
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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Dorn A, Feller L, Castri D, Röhrig S, Enderle J, Herrmann NJ, Block-Schmidt A, Trapp O, Köhler L, Puchta H. An Arabidopsis FANCJ helicase homologue is required for DNA crosslink repair and rDNA repeat stability. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008174. [PMID: 31120885 PMCID: PMC6550410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins of the Fanconi Anemia (FA) complementation group are required for crosslink (CL) repair in humans and their loss leads to severe pathological phenotypes. Here we characterize a homolog of the Fe-S cluster helicase FANCJ in the model plant Arabidopsis, AtFANCJB, and show that it is involved in interstrand CL repair. It acts at a presumably early step in concert with the nuclease FAN1 but independently of the nuclease AtMUS81, and is epistatic to both error-prone and error-free post-replicative repair in Arabidopsis. The simultaneous knock out of FANCJB and the Fe-S cluster helicase RTEL1 leads to induced cell death in root meristems, indicating an important role of the enzymes in replicative DNA repair. Surprisingly, we found that AtFANCJB is involved in safeguarding rDNA stability in plants. In the absence of AtRTEL1 and AtFANCJB, we detected a synergetic reduction to about one third of the original number of 45S rDNA copies. It is tempting to speculate that the detected rDNA instability might be due to deficiencies in G-quadruplex structure resolution and might thus contribute to pathological phenotypes of certain human genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Dorn
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Feller
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominique Castri
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah Röhrig
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Janina Enderle
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Natalie J. Herrmann
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Astrid Block-Schmidt
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Laura Köhler
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Holger Puchta
- Botanical Institute, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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53
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Moes-Sosnowska J, Rzepecka IK, Chodzynska J, Dansonka-Mieszkowska A, Szafron LM, Balabas A, Lotocka R, Sobiczewski P, Kupryjanczyk J. Clinical importance of FANCD2, BRIP1, BRCA1, BRCA2 and FANCF expression in ovarian carcinomas. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 20:843-854. [PMID: 30822218 PMCID: PMC6606037 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1579955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE DNA repair pathways are potential targets of molecular therapy in cancer patients. The FANCD2, BRIP1, BRCA1/2, and FANCF genes are involved in homologous recombination DNA repair, which implicates their possible role in cell response to DNA-damaging agents. We evaluated a clinical significance of pre-treatment expression of these genes at mRNA level in 99 primary, advanced-stage ovarian carcinomas from patients, who later received taxane-platinum (TP) or platinum-cyclophosphamide (PC) treatment. METHODS Gene expression was determined with the use of Real-Time PCR. The BRCA2 and BRIP1 gene sequence was investigated with the use of SSCP, dHPLC, and PCR-sequencing. RESULTS Increased FANCD2 expression occurred to be a negative prognostic factor for all patients (PC+TP:HR 3.85, p = 0.0003 for the risk of recurrence; HR 1.96, p = 0.02 for the risk of death), and this association was even stronger in the TP-treated group (HR 6.7, p = 0.0002 and HR 2.33, p = 0.01, respectively). Elevated BRIP1 expression was the only unfavorable molecular factor in the PC-treated patients (HR 8.37, p = 0.02 for the risk of recurrence). Additionally, an increased FANCD2 and BRCA1/2 expression levels were associated with poor ovarian cancer outcome in either TP53-positive or -negative subgroups of the TP-treated patients, however these groups were small. Sequence analysis identified one protein truncating variant (1/99) in BRCA2 and no mutations (0/56) in BRIP1. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows for the first time that FANCD2 overexpression is a strong negative prognostic factor in ovarian cancer, particularly in patients treated with TP regimen. Moreover, increased mRNA level of the BRIP1 is a negative prognostic factor in the PC-treated patients. Next, changes in the BRCA2 and BRIP1 genes are rare and together with other analyzed FA genes considered as homologous recombination deficiency may not affect the expression level of analyzed genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moes-Sosnowska
- a Department of Immunology , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Iwona K Rzepecka
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Joanna Chodzynska
- c Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dansonka-Mieszkowska
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Lukasz M Szafron
- a Department of Immunology , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Aneta Balabas
- d Department of Genetics , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Renata Lotocka
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Piotr Sobiczewski
- e Department of Gynecologic Oncology , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
| | - Jolanta Kupryjanczyk
- b Department of Pathology and Laboratory Diagnostics , Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center , Warsaw , Poland
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54
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Datta A, Brosh RM. Holding All the Cards-How Fanconi Anemia Proteins Deal with Replication Stress and Preserve Genomic Stability. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020170. [PMID: 30813363 PMCID: PMC6409899 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a hereditary chromosomal instability disorder often displaying congenital abnormalities and characterized by a predisposition to progressive bone marrow failure (BMF) and cancer. Over the last 25 years since the discovery of the first linkage of genetic mutations to FA, its molecular genetic landscape has expanded tremendously as it became apparent that FA is a disease characterized by a defect in a specific DNA repair pathway responsible for the correction of covalent cross-links between the two complementary strands of the DNA double helix. This pathway has become increasingly complex, with the discovery of now over 20 FA-linked genes implicated in interstrand cross-link (ICL) repair. Moreover, gene products known to be involved in double-strand break (DSB) repair, mismatch repair (MMR), and nucleotide excision repair (NER) play roles in the ICL response and repair of associated DNA damage. While ICL repair is predominantly coupled with DNA replication, it also can occur in non-replicating cells. DNA damage accumulation and hematopoietic stem cell failure are thought to contribute to the increased inflammation and oxidative stress prevalent in FA. Adding to its confounding nature, certain FA gene products are also engaged in the response to replication stress, caused endogenously or by agents other than ICL-inducing drugs. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic aspects of the FA pathway and the molecular defects leading to elevated replication stress believed to underlie the cellular phenotypes and clinical features of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Datta
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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55
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Lerner LK, Sale JE. Replication of G Quadruplex DNA. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10020095. [PMID: 30700033 PMCID: PMC6409989 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A cursory look at any textbook image of DNA replication might suggest that the complex machine that is the replisome runs smoothly along the chromosomal DNA. However, many DNA sequences can adopt non-B form secondary structures and these have the potential to impede progression of the replisome. A picture is emerging in which the maintenance of processive DNA replication requires the action of a significant number of additional proteins beyond the core replisome to resolve secondary structures in the DNA template. By ensuring that DNA synthesis remains closely coupled to DNA unwinding by the replicative helicase, these factors prevent impediments to the replisome from causing genetic and epigenetic instability. This review considers the circumstances in which DNA forms secondary structures, the potential responses of the eukaryotic replisome to these impediments in the light of recent advances in our understanding of its structure and operation and the mechanisms cells deploy to remove secondary structure from the DNA. To illustrate the principles involved, we focus on one of the best understood DNA secondary structures, G quadruplexes (G4s), and on the helicases that promote their resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Koch Lerner
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Julian E Sale
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK.
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56
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Awate S, Dhar S, Sommers JA, Brosh RM. Cellular Assays to Study the Functional Importance of Human DNA Repair Helicases. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1999:185-207. [PMID: 31127577 PMCID: PMC9123881 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9500-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
DNA helicases represent a specialized class of enzymes that play crucial roles in the DNA damage response. Using the energy of nucleoside triphosphate binding and hydrolysis, helicases behave as molecular motors capable of efficiently disrupting the many noncovalent hydrogen bonds that stabilize DNA molecules with secondary structure. In addition to their importance in DNA damage sensing and signaling, DNA helicases facilitate specific steps in DNA repair mechanisms that require polynucleotide tract unwinding or resolution. Because they play fundamental roles in the DNA damage response and DNA repair, defects in helicases disrupt cellular homeostasis. Thus, helicase deficiency or inhibition may result in reduced cell proliferation and survival, apoptosis, DNA damage induction, defective localization of repair proteins to sites of genomic DNA damage, chromosomal instability, and defective DNA repair pathways such as homologous recombination of double-strand breaks. In this chapter, we will describe step-by-step protocols to assay the functional importance of human DNA repair helicases in genome stability and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Awate
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srijita Dhar
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua A Sommers
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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57
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Pisani FM, Napolitano E, Napolitano LMR, Onesti S. Molecular and Cellular Functions of the Warsaw Breakage Syndrome DNA Helicase DDX11. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9110564. [PMID: 30469382 PMCID: PMC6266566 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DDX11/ChlR1 (Chl1 in yeast) is a DNA helicase involved in sister chromatid cohesion and in DNA repair pathways. The protein belongs to the family of the iron–sulphur cluster containing DNA helicases, whose deficiencies have been linked to a number of diseases affecting genome stability. Mutations of human DDX11 are indeed associated with the rare genetic disorder named Warsaw breakage syndrome, showing both chromosomal breakages and chromatid cohesion defects. Moreover, growing evidence of a potential role in oncogenesis further emphasizes the clinical relevance of DDX11. Here, we illustrate the biochemical and structural features of DDX11 and how it cooperates with multiple protein partners in the cell, acting at the interface of DNA replication/repair/recombination and sister chromatid cohesion to preserve genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca M Pisani
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Ettore Napolitano
- Istituto di Biochimica delle Proteine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via P. Castellino, 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Luisa M R Napolitano
- Elettra⁻Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Silvia Onesti
- Elettra⁻Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., AREA Science Park Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
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58
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Gao Y, Kardos J, Yang Y, Tamir TY, Mutter-Rottmayer E, Weissman B, Major MB, Kim WY, Vaziri C. The Cancer/Testes (CT) Antigen HORMAD1 promotes Homologous Recombinational DNA Repair and Radioresistance in Lung adenocarcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15304. [PMID: 30333500 PMCID: PMC6192992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33601-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cancer/Testes (CT) Antigen HORMAD1 is germ cell-restricted and plays developmental roles in generation and processing of meiotic DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB). Many tumors aberrantly overexpress HORMAD1 yet the potential impact of this CT antigen on cancer biology is unclear. We tested a potential role of HORMAD1 in genome maintenance in lung adenocarcinoma cells. We show that HORMAD1 re-distributes to nuclear foci and co-localizes with the DSB marker γH2AX in response to ionizing radiation (IR) and chemotherapeutic agents. The HORMA domain and C-term disordered oligomerization motif are necessary for localization of HORMAD1 to IR-induced foci (IRIF). HORMAD1-depleted cells are sensitive to IR and camptothecin. In reporter assays, Homologous Recombination (HR)-mediated repair of targeted ISce1-induced DSBs is attenuated in HORMAD1-depleted cells. In Non-Homologous End Joining (NHEJ) reporter assays, HORMAD1-depletion does not affect repair of ISce1-induced DSB. Early DSB signaling events (including ATM phosphorylation and formation of γH2AX, 53BP1 and NBS1 foci) are intact in HORMAD1-depleted cells. However, generation of RPA-ssDNA foci and redistribution of RAD51 to DSB are compromised in HORMAD1-depleted cells, suggesting that HORMAD1 promotes DSB resection. HORMAD1-mediated HR is a neomorphic activity that is independent of its meiotic partners (including HORMAD2 and CCDC36. Bioinformatic analysis of TCGA data show that similar to known HR pathway genes HORMAD1 is overexpressed in lung adenocarcinomas. Overexpression of HR genes is associated with specific mutational profiles (including copy number variation). Taken together, we identify HORMAD1-dependent DSB repair as a new mechanism of radioresistance and a probable determinant of mutability in lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jordan Kardos
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Tigist Y Tamir
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mutter-Rottmayer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Bernard Weissman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Michael B Major
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - William Y Kim
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Cyrus Vaziri
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 614 Brinkhous-Bullitt Building, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA. .,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology, and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Abstract
Timely recruitment of DNA damage response proteins to sites of genomic structural lesions is very important for signaling mechanisms to activate appropriate cell cycle checkpoints but also repair the altered DNA sequence to suppress mutagenesis. The eukaryotic cell is characterized by a complex cadre of players and pathways to ensure genomic stability in the face of replication stress or outright genomic insult by endogenous metabolites or environmental agents. Among the key performers are molecular motor DNA unwinding enzymes known as helicases that sense genomic perturbations and separate structured DNA strands so that replacement of a damaged base or sugar-phosphate backbone lesion can occur efficiently. Mutations in the BLM gene encoding the DNA helicase BLM leads to a rare chromosomal instability disorder known as Bloom's syndrome. In a recent paper by the Sengupta lab, BLM's role in the correction of double-strand breaks (DSB), a particularly dangerous form of DNA damage, was investigated. Adding to the complexity, BLM appears to be a key ringmaster of DSB repair as it acts both positively and negatively to regulate correction pathways of high or low fidelity. The FANCJ DNA helicase, mutated in another chromosomal instability disorder known as Fanconi Anemia, is an important player that likely coordinates with BLM in the balancing act. Further studies to dissect the roles of DNA helicases like FANCJ and BLM in DSB repair are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijita Dhar
- a Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , NIH Biomedical Research Center , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- a Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , NIH Biomedical Research Center , Baltimore , MD , USA
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60
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Peng M, Cong K, Panzarino NJ, Nayak S, Calvo J, Deng B, Zhu LJ, Morocz M, Hegedus L, Haracska L, Cantor SB. Opposing Roles of FANCJ and HLTF Protect Forks and Restrain Replication during Stress. Cell Rep 2018; 24:3251-3261. [PMID: 30232006 PMCID: PMC6218949 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA helicase FANCJ is mutated in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer and Fanconi anemia (FA). Nevertheless, how loss of FANCJ translates to disease pathogenesis remains unclear. We addressed this question by analyzing proteins associated with replication forks in cells with or without FANCJ. We demonstrate that FANCJ-knockout (FANCJ-KO) cells have alterations in the replisome that are consistent with enhanced replication stress, including an aberrant accumulation of the fork remodeling factor helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF). Correspondingly, HLTF contributes to fork degradation in FANCJ-KO cells. Unexpectedly, the unrestrained DNA synthesis that characterizes HLTF-deficient cells is FANCJ dependent and correlates with S1 nuclease sensitivity and fork degradation. These results suggest that FANCJ and HLTF promote replication fork integrity, in part by counteracting each other to keep fork remodeling and elongation in check. Indicating one protein compensates for loss of the other, loss of both HLTF and FANCJ causes a more severe replication stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Peng
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ke Cong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nicholas J Panzarino
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sumeet Nayak
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jennifer Calvo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Biology/VGN Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Lihua Julie Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Monika Morocz
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Temesvari krt. 62, Hungary
| | - Lili Hegedus
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Temesvari krt. 62, Hungary
| | - Lajos Haracska
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged 6726, Temesvari krt. 62, Hungary
| | - Sharon B Cantor
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Cusin I, Teixeira D, Zahn-Zabal M, Rech de Laval V, Gleizes A, Viassolo V, Chappuis PO, Hutter P, Bairoch A, Gaudet P. A new bioinformatics tool to help assess the significance of BRCA1 variants. Hum Genomics 2018; 12:36. [PMID: 29996917 PMCID: PMC6042458 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-018-0168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Germline pathogenic variants in the breast cancer type 1 susceptibility gene BRCA1 are associated with a 60% lifetime risk for breast and ovarian cancer. This overall risk estimate is for all BRCA1 variants; obviously, not all variants confer the same risk of developing a disease. In cancer patients, loss of BRCA1 function in tumor tissue has been associated with an increased sensitivity to platinum agents and to poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. For clinical management of both at-risk individuals and cancer patients, it would be important that each identified genetic variant be associated with clinical significance. Unfortunately for the vast majority of variants, the clinical impact is unknown. The availability of results from studies assessing the impact of variants on protein function may provide insight of crucial importance. Results and conclusion We have collected, curated, and structured the molecular and cellular phenotypic impact of 3654 distinct BRCA1 variants. The data was modeled in triple format, using the variant as a subject, the studied function as the object, and a predicate describing the relation between the two. Each annotation is supported by a fully traceable evidence. The data was captured using standard ontologies to ensure consistency, and enhance searchability and interoperability. We have assessed the extent to which functional defects at the molecular and cellular levels correlate with the clinical interpretation of variants by ClinVar submitters. Approximately 30% of the ClinVar BRCA1 missense variants have some molecular or cellular assay available in the literature. Pathogenic variants (as assigned by ClinVar) have at least some significant functional defect in 94% of testable cases. For benign variants, 77% of ClinVar benign variants, for which neXtProt Cancer variant portal has data, shows either no or mild experimental functional defects. While this does not provide evidence for clinical interpretation of variants, it may provide some guidance for variants of unknown significance, in the absence of more reliable data. The neXtProt Cancer variant portal (https://www.nextprot.org/portals/breast-cancer) contains over 6300 observations at the molecular and/or cellular level for BRCA1 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Cusin
- CALIPHO group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Teixeira
- CALIPHO group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Monique Zahn-Zabal
- CALIPHO group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Valentine Rech de Laval
- CALIPHO group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Gleizes
- CALIPHO group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Valeria Viassolo
- Oncogenetics and Cancer Prevention Unit, Division of Oncology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre O Chappuis
- Oncogenetics and Cancer Prevention Unit, Division of Oncology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.,Division of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Hutter
- Sophia Genetics, Rue du Centre 172, 1025, Saint Sulpice, Switzerland
| | - Amos Bairoch
- CALIPHO group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.,Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascale Gaudet
- CALIPHO group, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland. .,Department of Human Protein Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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62
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Pérez-Yépez EA, Saldívar-Cerón HI, Villamar-Cruz O, Pérez-Plasencia C, Arias-Romero LE. p21 Activated kinase 1: Nuclear activity and its role during DNA damage repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 65:42-46. [PMID: 29597073 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
p21-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) is a serine/threonine kinase activated by the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. It is located in the chromosome 11q13 and is amplified and/or overexpressed in several human cancer types including 25-30% of breast tumors. This enzyme plays a pivotal role in the control of a number of fundamental cellular processes by phosphorylating its downstream substrates. In addition to its role in the cytoplasm, it is well documented that PAK1 also plays crucial roles in the nucleus participating in mitotic events and gene expression through its association and/or phosphorylation of several transcription factors, transcriptional co-regulators and cell cycle-related proteins, including Aurora kinase A (AURKA), polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), the forkhead transcription factor (FKHR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), and Snail. More recently, PAK signaling has emerged as a component of the DNA damage response (DDR) as PAK1 activity influences the cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation and promotes the expression of several genes involved in the Fanconi Anemia/BRCA pathway. This review will focus on the nuclear functions of PAK1 and its role in the regulation of DNA damage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Andrés Pérez-Yépez
- UBIMED, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Héctor Iván Saldívar-Cerón
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Apartado postal 14-740, 07360 México, D. F., México
| | - Olga Villamar-Cruz
- UBIMED, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico
| | - Carlos Pérez-Plasencia
- UBIMED, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico
| | - Luis Enrique Arias-Romero
- UBIMED, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México 54090, Mexico.
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63
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Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Assembly Is Evolutionarily Tuned by a Cancer-Amplified Ubiquitin Ligase. Mol Cell 2018; 69:113-125.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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64
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Zhang Y, Lai J, Du Z, Gao J, Yang S, Gorityala S, Xiong X, Deng O, Ma Z, Yan C, Susana G, Xu Y, Zhang J. Targeting radioresistant breast cancer cells by single agent CHK1 inhibitor via enhancing replication stress. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34688-702. [PMID: 27167194 PMCID: PMC5085184 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) remains a standard therapeutic modality for breast cancer patients. However, intrinsic or acquired resistance limits the efficacy of RT. Here, we demonstrate that CHK1 inhibitor AZD7762 alone significantly inhibited the growth of radioresistant breast cancer cells (RBCC). Given the critical role of ATR/CHK1 signaling in suppressing oncogene-induced replication stress (RS), we hypothesize that CHK1 inhibition leads to the specific killing for RBCC due to its abrogation in the suppression of RS induced by oncogenes. In agreement, the expression of oncogenes c-Myc/CDC25A/c-Src/H-ras/E2F1 and DNA damage response (DDR) proteins ATR/CHK1/BRCA1/CtIP were elevated in RBCC. AZD7762 exposure led to significantly higher levels of RS in RBCC, compared to the parental cells. The mechanisms by which CHK1 inhibition led to specific increase of RS in RBCC were related to the interruptions in the replication fork dynamics and the homologous recombination (HR). In summary, RBCC activate oncogenic pathways and thus depend upon mechanisms controlled by CHK1 signaling to maintain RS under control for survival. Our study provided the first example where upregulating RS by CHK1 inhibitor contributes to the specific killing of RBCC, and highlight the importance of the CHK1 as a potential target for treatment of radioresistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The Affiliated Shanxi Dayi Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, 030032, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Lai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Zhanwen Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jinnan Gao
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, The Affiliated Shanxi Dayi Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi, 030032, PR China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Shashank Gorityala
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Xiahui Xiong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ou Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | - Zhefu Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, PR China
| | | | - Gonzalo Susana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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65
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RecQ and Fe-S helicases have unique roles in DNA metabolism dictated by their unwinding directionality, substrate specificity, and protein interactions. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 46:77-95. [PMID: 29273621 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicases are molecular motors that play central roles in nucleic acid metabolism. Mutations in genes encoding DNA helicases of the RecQ and iron-sulfur (Fe-S) helicase families are linked to hereditary disorders characterized by chromosomal instabilities, highlighting the importance of these enzymes. Moreover, mono-allelic RecQ and Fe-S helicase mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of cancers. This review will discuss and contrast the specialized molecular functions and biological roles of RecQ and Fe-S helicases in DNA repair, the replication stress response, and the regulation of gene expression, laying a foundation for continued research in these important areas of study.
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66
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Shen D, Skibbens RV. Chl1 DNA helicase and Scc2 function in chromosome condensation through cohesin deposition. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188739. [PMID: 29186203 PMCID: PMC5706694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chl1 DNA helicase promotes sister chromatid cohesion and associates with both the cohesion establishment acetyltransferase Eco1/Ctf7 and the DNA polymerase processivity factor PCNA that supports Eco1/Ctf7 function. Mutation in CHL1 results in precocious sister chromatid separation and cell aneuploidy, defects that arise through reduced levels of chromatin-bound cohesins which normally tether together sister chromatids (trans tethering). Mutation of Chl1 family members (BACH1/BRIP/FANCJ and DDX11/ChlR1) also exhibit genotoxic sensitivities, consistent with a role for Chl1 in trans tethering which is required for efficient DNA repair. Chl1 promotes the recruitment of Scc2 to DNA which is required for cohesin deposition onto DNA. There is limited evidence, however, that Scc2 also directs the deposition onto DNA of condensins which promote tethering in cis (intramolecular DNA links). Here, we test the ability of Chl1 to promote cis tethering and the role of both Chl1 and Scc2 to promote condensin recruitment to DNA. The results reveal that chl1 mutant cells exhibit significant condensation defects both within the rDNA locus and genome-wide. Importantly, chl1 mutant cell condensation defects do not result from reduced chromatin binding of condensin, but instead through reduced chromatin binding of cohesin. We tested scc2-4 mutant cells and similarly found no evidence of reduced condensin recruitment to chromatin. Consistent with a role for Scc2 specifically in cohesin deposition, scc2-4 mutant cell condensation defects are irreversible. We thus term Chl1 a novel regulator of both chromatin condensation and sister chromatid cohesion through cohesin-based mechanisms. These results reveal an exciting interface between DNA structure and the highly conserved cohesin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Shen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Robert V. Skibbens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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67
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Nath S, Somyajit K, Mishra A, Scully R, Nagaraju G. FANCJ helicase controls the balance between short- and long-tract gene conversions between sister chromatids. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:8886-8900. [PMID: 28911102 PMCID: PMC5587752 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The FANCJ DNA helicase is linked to hereditary breast and ovarian cancers as well as bone marrow failure disorder Fanconi anemia (FA). Although FANCJ has been implicated in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by homologous recombination (HR), the molecular mechanism underlying the tumor suppressor functions of FANCJ remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that FANCJ deficient human and hamster cells exhibit reduction in the overall gene conversions in response to a site-specific chromosomal DSB induced by I-SceI endonuclease. Strikingly, the gene conversion events were biased in favour of long-tract gene conversions in FANCJ depleted cells. The fine regulation of short- (STGC) and long-tract gene conversions (LTGC) by FANCJ was dependent on its interaction with BRCA1 tumor suppressor. Notably, helicase activity of FANCJ was essential for controlling the overall HR and in terminating the extended repair synthesis during sister chromatid recombination (SCR). Moreover, cells expressing FANCJ pathological mutants exhibited defective SCR with an increased frequency of LTGC. These data unravel the novel function of FANCJ helicase in regulating SCR and SCR associated gene amplification/duplications and imply that these functions of FANCJ are crucial for the genome maintenance and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmi Nath
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kumar Somyajit
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anup Mishra
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ralph Scully
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ganesh Nagaraju
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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68
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Sato K, Koyasu M, Nomura S, Sato Y, Kita M, Ashihara Y, Adachi Y, Ohno S, Iwase T, Kitagawa D, Nakashima E, Yoshida R, Miki Y, Arai M. Mutation status of RAD51C, PALB2 and BRIP1 in 100 Japanese familial breast cancer cases without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2287-2294. [PMID: 28796317 PMCID: PMC5666035 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to BRCA1 and BRCA2, RAD51C,PALB2 and BRIP1 are known as breast cancer susceptibility genes. However, the mutation status of these genes in Japanese familial breast cancer cases has not yet been evaluated. To this end, we analyzed the exon sequence and genomic rearrangement of RAD51C,PALB2 and BRIP1 in 100 Japanese patients diagnosed with familial breast and ovarian cancer and without BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. We detected a large deletion from exons 6 to 9 in RAD51C, 4 novel BRIP1 missense variants containing 3 novel non‐synonymous variants, c.89A>C, c.736A>G and c.2131A>G, and a splice donor site variant c.918+2T>C. No deleterious variant of PALB2 was detected. The results of pedigree analysis showed that the proband with a large deletion on RAD51C had a family history of both breast and ovarian cancer, and the families of probands with novel BRIP1 missense variants included a male patient with breast cancer or many patients with breast cancer within the second‐degree relatives. We showed that the mutation frequency of RAD51C in Japanese familial breast cancer cases was similar to that in Western countries and that the prevalence of deleterious mutation of PALB2 was possibly lower. Furthermore, our results suggested that BRIP1 mutation frequency in Japan might differ from that in Western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsutoshi Sato
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mio Koyasu
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachio Nomura
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.,Translational Research Support, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Sato
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kita
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuumi Ashihara
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasue Adachi
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Ohno
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwase
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dai Kitagawa
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Nakashima
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Yoshida
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Division of Medical Genomics, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Arai
- Clinical Genetic Oncology, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation of Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
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69
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Overlooked FANCD2 variant encodes a promising, portent tumor suppressor, and alternative polyadenylation contributes to its expression. Oncotarget 2017; 8:22490-22500. [PMID: 28157704 PMCID: PMC5410239 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) complementation group D2 protein (FANCD2) is the center of the FA tumor suppressor pathway, which has become an important field of investigation in human aging and cancer. Here we report an overlooked central player in the FA pathway, FANCD2 variant 2 (FANCD2-V2), which appears to perform more potent tumor suppressor-function compared to the known variant of FANCD2, namely, FANCD2-V1. Detailed analysis of the FANCD2 gene structure indicated a proximal and distal polyadenylation site (PAS), associated with V2 and V1 transcripts accordingly. RNA polymerase II Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) targeting the two PAS-regions determined lesser binding of RNA pol II to DNA fragments in the distal PAS region in non-malignant cells compared to malignant cells. Conversely, the opposite occurred in the proximal PAS region. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) identified that U2 snRNP, a major component of RNA splicing complex that interacts with the 3′end of an intron, showed greater binding to the last intron of the FANCD2-V1 transcript in malignant cells compared to the non-malignant cells. Importantly, our data showed that in human tissue samples, the ratio of V2 /V1 expression in lung, bladder, or ovarian cancer correlates inversely with the tumor stages/grades. Therefore, these findings provide a previously unrecognized central player FANCD2-V2 and thus novel insights into human tumorigenesis, and indicate that V2/V1 can act as an effective biomarker in assisting the recognition of tumor malignance.
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70
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Takaoka M, Miki Y. BRCA1 gene: function and deficiency. Int J Clin Oncol 2017; 23:36-44. [PMID: 28884397 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-017-1182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The BRCA1 protein, a hereditary breast and ovarian cancer-causing gene product, is known as a multifunctional protein that performs various functions in cells. It is well known, along with BRCA 2, to cause hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, but here we will specifically focus on BRCA1. We introduce the mechanism and the latest report on homologous recombination repair, replication, involvement in checkpoint regulation, transcription, chromatin remodeling, and cytoplasmic function (centrosome regulation, apoptosis, selective autophagy), and consider the possibility of carcinogenesis from inhibition of the intracellular functions in each. We also consider the possibility of drug development based on each function. Finally, we will explain, from data obtained through basic research, that an appropriate regimen is important for raising the response rate for poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitors, in the case of low susceptibility, iatrogenic toxicity, tolerance, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Takaoka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshio Miki
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. .,Department of Genetic Diagnosis, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, 3-10-6 Ariake, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 135-8550, Japan.
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71
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Nepal M, Che R, Ma C, Zhang J, Fei P. FANCD2 and DNA Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18081804. [PMID: 28825622 PMCID: PMC5578191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18081804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigators have dedicated considerable effort to understanding the molecular basis underlying Fanconi Anemia (FA), a rare human genetic disease featuring an extremely high incidence of cancer and many congenital defects. Among those studies, FA group D2 protein (FANCD2) has emerged as the focal point of FA signaling and plays crucial roles in multiple aspects of cellular life, especially in the cellular responses to DNA damage. Here, we discuss the recent and relevant studies to provide an updated review on the roles of FANCD2 in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nepal
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
- Graduate Program of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Raymond Che
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
- Graduate Program of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Chi Ma
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Peiwen Fei
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
- Graduate Program of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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72
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Involvement of FANCD2 in Energy Metabolism via ATP5α. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4921. [PMID: 28687786 PMCID: PMC5501830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence supports a general hypothesis that aging and cancer are diseases related to energy metabolism. However, the involvement of Fanconi Anemia (FA) signaling, a unique genetic model system for studying human aging or cancer, in energy metabolism remains elusive. Here, we report that FA complementation group D2 protein (FANCD2) functionally impacts mitochondrial ATP production through its interaction with ATP5α, whereas this relationship was not observed in the mutant FANCD2 (K561R)-carrying cells. Moreover, while ATP5α is present within the mitochondria in wild-type cells, it is instead located mostly outside in cells that carry the non-monoubiquitinated FANCD2. In addition, mitochondrial ATP production is significantly reduced in these cells, compared to those cells carrying wtFANCD2. We identified one region (AA42-72) of ATP5α, contributing to the interaction between ATP5α and FANCD2, which was confirmed by protein docking analysis. Further, we demonstrated that mtATP5α (∆AA42-72) showed an aberrant localization, and resulted in a decreased ATP production, similar to what was observed in non-monoubiquitinated FANCD2-carrying cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates a novel role of FANCD2 in governing cellular ATP production, and advances our understanding of how defective FA signaling contributes to aging and cancer at the energy metabolism level.
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73
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Interactive Roles of DNA Helicases and Translocases with the Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein RPA in Nucleic Acid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061233. [PMID: 28594346 PMCID: PMC5486056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicases and translocases use the energy of nucleoside triphosphate binding and hydrolysis to unwind/resolve structured nucleic acids or move along a single-stranded or double-stranded polynucleotide chain, respectively. These molecular motors facilitate a variety of transactions including replication, DNA repair, recombination, and transcription. A key partner of eukaryotic DNA helicases/translocases is the single-stranded DNA binding protein Replication Protein A (RPA). Biochemical, genetic, and cell biological assays have demonstrated that RPA interacts with these human molecular motors physically and functionally, and their association is enriched in cells undergoing replication stress. The roles of DNA helicases/translocases are orchestrated with RPA in pathways of nucleic acid metabolism. RPA stimulates helicase-catalyzed DNA unwinding, enlists translocases to sites of action, and modulates their activities in DNA repair, fork remodeling, checkpoint activation, and telomere maintenance. The dynamic interplay between DNA helicases/translocases and RPA is just beginning to be understood at the molecular and cellular levels, and there is still much to be learned, which may inform potential therapeutic strategies.
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74
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Crouch JD, Brosh RM. Mechanistic and biological considerations of oxidatively damaged DNA for helicase-dependent pathways of nucleic acid metabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:245-257. [PMID: 27884703 PMCID: PMC5440220 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cells are under constant assault from reactive oxygen species that occur endogenously or arise from environmental agents. An important consequence of such stress is the generation of oxidatively damaged DNA, which is represented by a wide range of non-helix distorting and helix-distorting bulkier lesions that potentially affect a number of pathways including replication and transcription; consequently DNA damage tolerance and repair pathways are elicited to help cells cope with the lesions. The cellular consequences and metabolism of oxidatively damaged DNA can be quite complex with a number of DNA metabolic proteins and pathways involved. Many of the responses to oxidative stress involve a specialized class of enzymes known as helicases, the topic of this review. Helicases are molecular motors that convert the energy of nucleoside triphosphate hydrolysis to unwinding of structured polynucleic acids. Helicases by their very nature play fundamentally important roles in DNA metabolism and are implicated in processes that suppress chromosomal instability, genetic disease, cancer, and aging. We will discuss the roles of helicases in response to nuclear and mitochondrial oxidative stress and how this important class of enzymes help cells cope with oxidatively generated DNA damage through their functions in the replication stress response, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack D Crouch
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Robert M Brosh
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Research Center, 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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75
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Nik-Zainal S, Morganella S. Mutational Signatures in Breast Cancer: The Problem at the DNA Level. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2617-2629. [PMID: 28572256 PMCID: PMC5458139 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A breast cancer genome is a record of the historic mutagenic activity that has occurred throughout the development of the tumor. Indeed, every mutation may be informative. Although driver mutations were the main focus of cancer research for a long time, passenger mutational signatures, the imprints of DNA damage and DNA repair processes that have been operative during tumorigenesis, are also biologically illuminating. This review is a chronicle of how the concept of mutational signatures arose and brings the reader up-to-date on this field, particularly in breast cancer. Mutational signatures have now been advanced to include mutational processes that involve rearrangements, and novel cancer biological insights have been gained through studying these in great detail. Furthermore, there are efforts to take this field into the clinical sphere. If validated, mutational signatures could thus form an additional weapon in the arsenal of cancer precision diagnostics and therapeutic stratification in the modern war against cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2617-29. ©2017 AACRSee all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Breast Cancer Research: From Base Pairs to Populations."
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Nik-Zainal
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
- East Anglian Medical Genetics Service, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sandro Morganella
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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76
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Gueiderikh A, Rosselli F, Neto JBC. A never-ending story: the steadily growing family of the FA and FA-like genes. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:398-407. [PMID: 28558075 PMCID: PMC5488462 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the chromosome fragility-associated human syndromes that present cancer predisposition, Fanconi anemia (FA) is unique due to its large genetic heterogeneity. To date, mutations in 21 genes have been associated with an FA or an FA-like clinical and cellular phenotype, whose hallmarks are bone marrow failure, predisposition to acute myeloid leukemia and a cellular and chromosomal hypersensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents exposure. The goal of this review is to trace the history of the identification of FA genes, a history that started in the eighties and is not yet over, as indicated by the cloning of a twenty-first FA gene in 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gueiderikh
- UMR8200 - CNRS, Équipe labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Paris Sud - Orsay, France
| | - Filippo Rosselli
- UMR8200 - CNRS, Équipe labellisée La Ligue contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris Saclay, Paris Sud - Orsay, France
| | - Januario B C Neto
- Instituto de Biofisica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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77
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Türke C, Horn S, Petto C, Labudde D, Lauer G, Wittenburg G. Loss of heterozygosity in FANCG, FANCF and BRIP1 from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2207-2220. [PMID: 28440438 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances have been made in the understanding of Fanconi anemia (FA), a hereditary disease that increases the risk for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) by 500- to 700-fold. FA patients harbour germline mutations in genes of cellular DNA repair pathways that are assumed to facilitate the accumulation of mutations during HNSCC development. Mutations in these FA genes may also contribute to HNSCC in general. In the present study, we analysed three FA genes; FANCF, FANCG and BRIP1, that are involved in the repair of DNA inter strand cross-links, in HNSCC and their potential role for patient survival. We measured loss of heterozygosity (LOH) mutations at eight microsatellite loci flanking three FA genes in 54 HNSCC of the oral cavity and corresponding blood samples. Survival analyses were carried out using mutational data and clinical variables. LOH was present in 17% (FANCF region), 41% (FANCG region) and 11% (BRIP1 region) of the patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests indicated strong clinical predictors (lymph node stages with decreased survival: p=2.69e-12; surgery with improved survival: p=0.0005). LOH in the FANCF region showed a weaker association with decreased overall survival (p=0.006), which however, did not hold in multivariate analyses. LOH may predominantly indicate copy number gains in FANCF and losses in FANCG and BRIP1. Integration of copy number data and gene expression proved difficult as the available sample sets did not overlap. In conclusion, LOH in FA genes appears to be a common feature of HNSCC development seen here in 57% of patients and other mutation types may increase this mutation frequency. We suggest larger patient cohorts would be needed to test the observed association of LOH in FANCF and patient survival comprehensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Türke
- Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Horn
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, and German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Essen, Germany
| | - Carola Petto
- Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Labudde
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Applied Sciences Mittweida, Mittweida, Germany
| | - Günter Lauer
- Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gretel Wittenburg
- Department for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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78
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Wang X, Liu D, He D, Suo S, Xia X, He X, Han JDJ, Zheng P. Transcriptome analyses of rhesus monkey preimplantation embryos reveal a reduced capacity for DNA double-strand break repair in primate oocytes and early embryos. Genome Res 2017; 27:567-579. [PMID: 28223401 PMCID: PMC5378175 DOI: 10.1101/gr.198044.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Preimplantation embryogenesis encompasses several critical events including genome reprogramming, zygotic genome activation (ZGA), and cell-fate commitment. The molecular basis of these processes remains obscure in primates in which there is a high rate of embryo wastage. Thus, understanding the factors involved in genome reprogramming and ZGA might help reproductive success during this susceptible period of early development and generate induced pluripotent stem cells with greater efficiency. Moreover, explaining the molecular basis responsible for embryo wastage in primates will greatly expand our knowledge of species evolution. By using RNA-seq in single and pooled oocytes and embryos, we defined the transcriptome throughout preimplantation development in rhesus monkey. In comparison to archival human and mouse data, we found that the transcriptome dynamics of monkey oocytes and embryos were very similar to those of human but very different from those of mouse. We identified several classes of maternal and zygotic genes, whose expression peaks were highly correlated with the time frames of genome reprogramming, ZGA, and cell-fate commitment, respectively. Importantly, comparison of the ZGA-related network modules among the three species revealed less robust surveillance of genomic instability in primate oocytes and embryos than in rodents, particularly in the pathways of DNA damage signaling and homology-directed DNA double-strand break repair. This study highlights the utility of monkey models to better understand the molecular basis for genome reprogramming, ZGA, and genomic stability surveillance in human early embryogenesis and may provide insights for improved homologous recombination-mediated gene editing in monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Denghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dajian He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Shengbao Suo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xian Xia
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiechao He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jing-Dong J Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China.,Primate Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
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79
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Gadgil R, Barthelemy J, Lewis T, Leffak M. Replication stalling and DNA microsatellite instability. Biophys Chem 2016; 225:38-48. [PMID: 27914716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Microsatellites are short, tandemly repeated DNA motifs of 1-6 nucleotides, also termed simple sequence repeats (SRSs) or short tandem repeats (STRs). Collectively, these repeats comprise approximately 3% of the human genome Subramanian et al. (2003), Lander and Lander (2001) [1,2], and represent a large reservoir of loci highly prone to mutations Sun et al. (2012), Ellegren (2004) [3,4] that contribute to human evolution and disease. Microsatellites are known to stall and reverse replication forks in model systems Pelletier et al. (2003), Samadashwily et al. (1997), Kerrest et al. (2009) [5-7], and are hotspots of chromosomal double strand breaks (DSBs). We briefly review the relationship of these repeated sequences to replication stalling and genome instability, and present recent data on the impact of replication stress on DNA fragility at microsatellites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gadgil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - J Barthelemy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - T Lewis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - M Leffak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
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80
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Alsultan A, Essa M, Alsudairy R. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in FANCJ/BRIP1 fanconi anemia. Bone Marrow Transplant 2016; 52:463-465. [PMID: 27869810 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2016.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Alsultan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Essa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Alsudairy
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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81
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Stanton A, Harris LM, Graham G, Merrick CJ. Recombination events among virulence genes in malaria parasites are associated with G-quadruplex-forming DNA motifs. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:859. [PMID: 27809775 PMCID: PMC5093961 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria parasites of the genus Plasmodium possess large hyper-variable families of antigen-encoding genes. These are often variantly-expressed and are major virulence factors for immune evasion and the maintenance of chronic infections. Recombination and diversification of these gene families occurs readily, and may be promoted by G-quadruplex (G4) DNA motifs within and close to the variant genes. G4s have been shown to cause replication fork stalling, DNA breakage and recombination in model systems, but these motifs remain largely unstudied in Plasmodium. Results We examined the nature and distribution of putative G4-forming sequences in multiple Plasmodium genomes, finding that their co-distribution with variant gene families is conserved across different Plasmodium species that have different types of variant gene families. In P. falciparum, where a large set of recombination events that occurred over time in cultured parasites has been mapped, we found a strong spatial association between these recombination events and putative G4-forming sequences. Finally, we searched Plasmodium genomes for the three classes of helicase that can unwind G4s: Plasmodium spp. have no identifiable homologue of the highly efficient G4 helicase PIF1, but they do encode two putative RecQ helicases and one homologue of the RAD3-family helicase FANCJ. Conclusions Our analyses, conducted at the whole-genome level in multiple species of Plasmodium, support the concept that G4s are likely to be involved in recombination and diversification of antigen-encoding gene families in this important protozoan pathogen. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3183-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Stanton
- School of Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST55BG, UK
| | - Lynne M Harris
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST55BG, UK
| | - Gemma Graham
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST55BG, UK
| | - Catherine J Merrick
- Centre for Applied Entomology and Parasitology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST55BG, UK.
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82
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Wu W, Togashi Y, Johmura Y, Miyoshi Y, Nobuoka S, Nakanishi M, Ohta T. HP1 regulates the localization of FANCJ at sites of DNA double-strand breaks. Cancer Sci 2016; 107:1406-1415. [PMID: 27399284 PMCID: PMC5084677 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The breast and ovarian cancer predisposition protein BRCA1 forms three mutually exclusive complexes with Fanconi anemia group J protein (FANCJ, also called BACH1 or BRIP1), CtIP, and Abraxas/RAP80 through its BRCA1 C terminus (BRCT) domains, while its RING domain binds to BRCA1‐associated RING domain 1 (BARD1). We recently found that the interaction between heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) and BARD1 is required for the accumulation of BRCA1 and CtIP at sites of DNA double‐strand breaks. Here, we investigated the importance of HP1 and BARD1–HP1 interaction in the localization of FANCJ together with the other BRCA1–BRCT binding proteins to clarify the separate role of the HP1‐mediated pathway from the RNF8/RNF168‐induced ubiquitin‐mediated pathway for BRCA1 function. FANCJ interacts with HP1γ in a BARD1‐dependent manner, and this interaction was enhanced by ionizing radiation or irinotecan hydrochloride treatment. Simultaneous depletion of all three HP1 isoforms with shRNAs disrupts the accumulation of FANCJ and CtIP, but not RAP80, at double‐strand break sites. Replacement of endogenous BARD1 with a mutant BARD1 that is incapable of binding to HP1 also disrupts the accumulation of FANCJ and CtIP, but not RAP80. In contrast, RNF168 depletion disrupts the accumulation of only RAP80, but not FANCJ or CtIP. Consequently, the accumulation of conjugated ubiquitin was only inhibited by RNF168 depletion, whereas the accumulation of RAD51 and sister chromatid exchange were only inhibited by HP1 depletion or disruption of the BARD1–HP1 interaction. Taken together, the results suggest that the BRCA1–FANCJ and BRCA1–CtIP complexes are not downstream of the RNF8/RNF168/ubiquitin pathway, but are instead regulated by the HP1 pathway that precedes homologous recombination DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Wu
- Department of Translational Oncology, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yukiko Togashi
- Department of Translational Oncology, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Johmura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasuo Miyoshi
- Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Sachihiko Nobuoka
- Laboratory Medicine, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Cancer Cell Biology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohta
- Department of Translational Oncology, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.
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83
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Getting Ready for the Dance: FANCJ Irons Out DNA Wrinkles. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7070031. [PMID: 27376332 PMCID: PMC4962001 DOI: 10.3390/genes7070031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that alternate DNA structures, which deviate from normal double helical DNA, form in vivo and influence cellular processes such as replication and transcription. However, our understanding of how the cellular machinery deals with unusual DNA structures such as G-quadruplexes (G4), triplexes, or hairpins is only beginning to emerge. New advances in the field implicate a direct role of the Fanconi Anemia Group J (FANCJ) helicase, which is linked to a hereditary chromosomal instability disorder and important for cancer suppression, in replication past unusual DNA obstacles. This work sets the stage for significant progress in dissecting the molecular mechanisms whereby replication perturbation by abnormal DNA structures leads to genomic instability. In this review, we focus on FANCJ and its role to enable efficient DNA replication when the fork encounters vastly abundant naturally occurring DNA obstacles, which may have implications for targeting rapidly dividing cancer cells.
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84
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Wu CG, Spies M. G-quadruplex recognition and remodeling by the FANCJ helicase. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:8742-8753. [PMID: 27342280 PMCID: PMC5062972 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanine rich nucleic acid sequences can form G-quadruplex (G4) structures that interfere with DNA replication, repair and RNA transcription. The human FANCJ helicase contributes to maintaining genomic integrity by promoting DNA replication through G4-forming DNA regions. Here, we combined single-molecule and ensemble biochemical analysis to show that FANCJ possesses a G4-specific recognition site. Through this interaction, FANCJ targets G4-containing DNA where its helicase and G4-binding activities enable repeated rounds of stepwise G4-unfolding and refolding. In contrast to other G4-remodeling enzymes, FANCJ partially stabilizes the G-quadruplex. This would preserve the substrate for the REV1 translesion DNA synthesis polymerase to incorporate cytosine across from a replication-stalling G-quadruplex. The residues responsible for G-quadruplex recognition also participate in interaction with MLH1 mismatch-repair protein, suggesting that the FANCJ activity supporting replication and its participation in DNA interstrand crosslink repair and/or heteroduplex rejection are mutually exclusive. Our findings not only describe the mechanism by which FANCJ recognizes G-quadruplexes and mediates their stepwise unfolding, but also explain how FANCJ chooses between supporting DNA repair versus promoting DNA replication through G-rich sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd., 4-532 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Maria Spies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, 51 Newton Rd., 4-532 BSB, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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85
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Barthelemy J, Hanenberg H, Leffak M. FANCJ is essential to maintain microsatellite structure genome-wide during replication stress. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:6803-16. [PMID: 27179029 PMCID: PMC5001596 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsatellite DNAs that form non-B structures are implicated in replication fork stalling, DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) and human disease. Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disorder in which mutations in at least nineteen genes are responsible for the phenotypes of genome instability and cancer predisposition. FA pathway proteins are active in the resolution of non-B DNA structures including interstrand crosslinks, G quadruplexes and DNA triplexes. In FANCJ helicase depleted cells, we show that hydroxyurea or aphidicolin treatment leads to loss of microsatellite polymerase chain reaction signals and to chromosome recombination at an ectopic hairpin forming CTG/CAG repeat in the HeLa genome. Moreover, diverse endogenous microsatellite signals were also lost upon replication stress after FANCJ depletion, and in FANCJ null patient cells. The phenotype of microsatellite signal instability is specific for FANCJ apart from the intact FA pathway, and is consistent with DSBs at microsatellites genome-wide in FANCJ depleted cells following replication stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Barthelemy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Leffak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
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86
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Michl J, Zimmer J, Tarsounas M. Interplay between Fanconi anemia and homologous recombination pathways in genome integrity. EMBO J 2016; 35:909-23. [PMID: 27037238 PMCID: PMC4865030 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201693860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway plays a central role in the repair of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and regulates cellular responses to replication stress. Homologous recombination (HR), the error-free pathway for double-strand break (DSB) repair, is required during physiological cell cycle progression for the repair of replication-associated DNA damage and protection of stalled replication forks. Substantial crosstalk between the two pathways has recently been unravelled, in that key HR proteins such as the RAD51 recombinase and the tumour suppressors BRCA1 and BRCA2 also play important roles in ICL repair. Consistent with this, rare patient mutations in these HR genes cause FA pathologies and have been assigned FA complementation groups. Here, we focus on the clinical and mechanistic implications of the connection between these two cancer susceptibility syndromes and on how these two molecular pathways of DNA replication and repair interact functionally to prevent genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Michl
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, Department of Oncology, The CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jutta Zimmer
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, Department of Oncology, The CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- Genome Stability and Tumourigenesis Group, Department of Oncology, The CRUK-MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Easton DF, Lesueur F, Decker B, Michailidou K, Li J, Allen J, Luccarini C, Pooley KA, Shah M, Bolla MK, Wang Q, Dennis J, Ahmad J, Thompson ER, Damiola F, Pertesi M, Voegele C, Mebirouk N, Robinot N, Durand G, Forey N, Luben RN, Ahmed S, Aittomäki K, Anton-Culver H, Arndt V, Baynes C, Beckman MW, Benitez J, Van Den Berg D, Blot WJ, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Chia KS, Choi JY, Conroy DM, Cox A, Cross SS, Czene K, Darabi H, Devilee P, Eriksson M, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, Fostira F, García-Closas M, Giles GG, Glendon G, González-Neira A, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hall P, Hart SN, Hartman M, Hooning MJ, Hsiung CN, Ito H, Jakubowska A, James PA, John EM, Johnson N, Jones M, Kabisch M, Kang D, Kosma VM, Kristensen V, Lambrechts D, Li N, Lindblom A, Long J, Lophatananon A, Lubinski J, Mannermaa A, Manoukian S, Margolin S, Matsuo K, Meindl A, Mitchell G, Muir K, Nevelsteen I, van den Ouweland A, Peterlongo P, Phuah SY, Pylkäs K, Rowley SM, Sangrajrang S, Schmutzler RK, Shen CY, Shu XO, Southey MC, Surowy H, Swerdlow A, Teo SH, Tollenaar RAEM, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Truong T, Vachon C, Verhoef S, Wong-Brown M, Zheng W, Zheng Y, Nevanlinna H, Scott RJ, Andrulis IL, Wu AH, Hopper JL, Couch FJ, Winqvist R, Burwinkel B, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt MK, Rudolph A, Dörk T, Brauch H, Hamann U, Neuhausen SL, Milne RL, Fletcher O, Pharoah PDP, Campbell IG, Dunning AM, Le Calvez-Kelm F, Goldgar DE, Tavtigian SV, Chenevix-Trench G. No evidence that protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with breast cancer risk: implications for gene panel testing. J Med Genet 2016; 53:298-309. [PMID: 26921362 PMCID: PMC4938802 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2015-103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRCA1 interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1 (BRIP1) is one of the Fanconi Anaemia Complementation (FANC) group family of DNA repair proteins. Biallelic mutations in BRIP1 are responsible for FANC group J, and previous studies have also suggested that rare protein truncating variants in BRIP1 are associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. These studies have led to inclusion of BRIP1 on targeted sequencing panels for breast cancer risk prediction. METHODS We evaluated a truncating variant, p.Arg798Ter (rs137852986), and 10 missense variants of BRIP1, in 48 144 cases and 43 607 controls of European origin, drawn from 41 studies participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). Additionally, we sequenced the coding regions of BRIP1 in 13 213 cases and 5242 controls from the UK, 1313 cases and 1123 controls from three population-based studies as part of the Breast Cancer Family Registry, and 1853 familial cases and 2001 controls from Australia. RESULTS The rare truncating allele of rs137852986 was observed in 23 cases and 18 controls in Europeans in BCAC (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.58 to 2.03, p=0.79). Truncating variants were found in the sequencing studies in 34 cases (0.21%) and 19 controls (0.23%) (combined OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.70, p=0.75). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that truncating variants in BRIP1, and in particular p.Arg798Ter, are not associated with a substantial increase in breast cancer risk. Such observations have important implications for the reporting of results from breast cancer screening panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas F Easton
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fabienne Lesueur
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Brennan Decker
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Section, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jamie Allen
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Craig Luccarini
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jamil Ahmad
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Ella R Thompson
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francesca Damiola
- Genetic of Breast Cancer Team, Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Maroulio Pertesi
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Catherine Voegele
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Noura Mebirouk
- Genetic Epidemiology of Cancer team, Inserm, U900, Institut Curie, Mines ParisTech, Paris, France
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Geoffroy Durand
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Forey
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Robert N Luben
- Clinical Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahana Ahmed
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Baynes
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias W Beckman
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - David Van Den Berg
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - William J Blot
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kee Seng Chia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Don M Conroy
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Devilee
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Florentia Fostira
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascal Guénel
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France Inserm, CESP Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Cancer & Environment Group, Villejuif, France
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Steven N Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Paul A James
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Esther M John
- Department of Epidemiology, Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, California, USA Department of Health Research and Policy-Epidemiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Nichola Johnson
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daehee Kang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway Faculty of Medicine, K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Na Li
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia Cancer Biology Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Annika Lindblom
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jirong Long
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical school, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Siranoush Manoukian
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Margolin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gillian Mitchell
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Familial Cancer Centre, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kenneth Muir
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical school, Warwick University, Coventry, UK Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Ans van den Ouweland
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, The FIRC (Italian Foundation for Cancer Research) Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Sze Yee Phuah
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Simone M Rowley
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Germany Medical Faculty, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital Cologne, Germany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harald Surowy
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Soo H Teo
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Rob A E M Tollenaar
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- University Paris-Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France Inserm, CESP Center for research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, Cancer & Environment Group, Villejuif, France
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Senno Verhoef
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle Wong-Brown
- Division of Genetics, Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ying Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Division of Genetics, Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna H Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer Research and Translational Medicine, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivia Fletcher
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian G Campbell
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Florence Le Calvez-Kelm
- Genetic Cancer Susceptibility Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - David E Goldgar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sean V Tavtigian
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Hashimoto S, Anai H, Hanada K. Mechanisms of interstrand DNA crosslink repair and human disorders. Genes Environ 2016; 38:9. [PMID: 27350828 PMCID: PMC4918140 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-016-0037-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs) are the link between Watson-Crick strands of DNAs with the covalent bond and prevent separation of DNA strands. Since the ICL lesion affects both strands of the DNA, the ICL repair is not simple. So far, nucleotide excision repair (NER), structure-specific endonucleases, translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), homologous recombination (HR), and factors responsible for Fanconi anemia (FA) are identified to be involved in ICL repair. Since the presence of ICL lesions causes severe defects in transcription and DNA replication, mutations in these DNA repair pathways give rise to a various hereditary disorders. NER plays an important role for the ICL recognition and removal in quiescent cells, and defects of NER causes congential progeria syndrome, such as xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, and trichothiodystrophy. On the other hand, the ICL repair in S phase requires more complicated orchestration of multiple factors, including structure-specific endonucleases, and TLS, and HR. Disturbed this ICL repair orchestration in S phase causes genome instability resulting a cancer prone disease, Fanconi anemia. So far more than 30 factors in ICL repair have already identified. Recently, a new factor, UHRF1, was discovered as a sensor of ICLs. In addition to this, numbers of nucleases that are involved in the first incision, also called unhooking, of ICL lesions have also been identified. Here we summarize the recent studies of ICL associated disorders and repair mechanism, with emphasis in the first incision of ICLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hashimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Anai
- Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Hanada
- Clinical Engineering Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593 Japan
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89
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Mutational analysis of FANCJ helicase. Methods 2016; 108:118-29. [PMID: 27107905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FANCJ is a superfamily 2 DNA helicase, which also belongs to the iron-sulfur domain containing helicases that include XPD, ChlR1 (DDX11), and RTEL1. Mutations in FANCJ are genetically linked to Fanconi anemia (FA), breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. FANCJ plays a critical role in genome stability and participates in DNA interstrand crosslink and double-strand break repair. Enormous sequence alterations in exons and introns of FANCJ have been identified in patients, including 15 mutations in the coding region which are linked to breast cancer, 12 to FA, and two to ovarian cancer. We and other groups have characterized several FANCJ missense mutations, including M299I, A349P, R251C, and Q255H. As an increasing number of clinically relevant FANCJ mutations are identified, understanding the mechanism whereby FANCJ mutation leads to diseases is critical. Mutational analysis of FANCJ will help us elucidate the pathogenesis and potentially lead to therapeutic strategies by targeting FANCJ.
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90
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Cantor SB, Nayak S. FANCJ at the FORK. Mutat Res 2016; 788:7-11. [PMID: 26926912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon B Cantor
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.
| | - Sumeet Nayak
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMASS Memorial Cancer Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
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91
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Ghazwani Y, AlBalwi M, Al-Abdulkareem I, Al-Dress M, Alharbi T, Alsudairy R, Alomari A, Aljamaan K, Essa M, Al-Zahrani M, Alsultan A. Clinical characteristics and genetic subtypes of Fanconi anemia in Saudi patients. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:171-6. [PMID: 26968956 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed our institutional experience from 2011 to 2015 on new cases of Fanconi anemia (FA). Ten unrelated cases were diagnosed during this period. Four patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) had c.2392C > T (p.Arg798*) BRIP1/FANCJ mutation. Another child with SAA had novel c.1475T > C (p.Leu492Pro) FANCC mutation. One individual with SAA and acute myeloid leukemia had c.637_643del (p.Tyr213Lysfs*6) FANCG mutation. Three patients presented with early onset of cancer, two had BRCA2 mutation c.7007G > A (p.Arg2336His) and one had a novel c.3425del (p.Leu1142Tyrfs*21) PALB2 mutation. Another infant with c.3425del PALB2 mutation had clonal aberration with partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 17. Mutations in FA downstream pathway genes are more frequent in our series than expected. Our preliminary observation will be confirmed in a large multi-institutional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Ghazwani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlBalwi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Abdulkareem
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Dress
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alharbi
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alsudairy
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alomari
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Aljamaan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Essa
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Al-Zahrani
- Department of Oncology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Alsultan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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92
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Kim M, Kim JM. The role of USP1 autocleavage in DNA interstrand crosslink repair. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:340-8. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jung Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology; Medical Research Center for Gene Regulation; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
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93
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Tkáč J, Xu G, Adhikary H, Young JTF, Gallo D, Escribano-Díaz C, Krietsch J, Orthwein A, Munro M, Sol W, Al-Hakim A, Lin ZY, Jonkers J, Borst P, Brown GW, Gingras AC, Rottenberg S, Masson JY, Durocher D. HELB Is a Feedback Inhibitor of DNA End Resection. Mol Cell 2016; 61:405-418. [PMID: 26774285 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination is initiated by the formation of 3' single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) overhangs by a process termed end resection. Although much focus has been given to the decision to initiate resection, little is known of the mechanisms that regulate the ongoing formation of ssDNA tails. Here we report that DNA helicase B (HELB) underpins a feedback inhibition mechanism that curtails resection. HELB is recruited to ssDNA by interacting with RPA and uses its 5'-3' ssDNA translocase activity to inhibit EXO1 and BLM-DNA2, the nucleases catalyzing resection. HELB acts independently of 53BP1 and is exported from the nucleus as cells approach S phase, concomitant with the upregulation of resection. Consistent with its role as a resection antagonist, loss of HELB results in PARP inhibitor resistance in BRCA1-deficient tumor cells. We conclude that mammalian DNA end resection triggers its own inhibition via the recruitment of HELB.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- BRCA1 Protein/genetics
- DNA End-Joining Repair
- DNA Helicases/deficiency
- DNA Helicases/genetics
- DNA Helicases/metabolism
- DNA Repair Enzymes/genetics
- DNA Repair Enzymes/metabolism
- Exodeoxyribonucleases/genetics
- Exodeoxyribonucleases/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HEK293 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/drug therapy
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/enzymology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Phthalazines/pharmacology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- RNA Interference
- RecQ Helicases/genetics
- RecQ Helicases/metabolism
- S Phase
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Ján Tkáč
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Guotai Xu
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hemanta Adhikary
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jordan T F Young
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - David Gallo
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Cristina Escribano-Díaz
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jana Krietsch
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Orthwein
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Meagan Munro
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Wendy Sol
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abdallah Al-Hakim
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Zhen-Yuan Lin
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Piet Borst
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grant W Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggasstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Masson
- Genome Stability Laboratory, CHU de Québec Research Center, HDQ Pavilion, Oncology Axis, 9 McMahon, Québec City, QC G1R 2J6, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Durocher
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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94
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Matsuzaki K, Borel V, Adelman CA, Schindler D, Boulton SJ. FANCJ suppresses microsatellite instability and lymphomagenesis independent of the Fanconi anemia pathway. Genes Dev 2015; 29:2532-46. [PMID: 26637282 PMCID: PMC4699383 DOI: 10.1101/gad.272740.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microsatellites are short tandem repeat sequences that are highly prone to expansion/contraction due to their propensity to form non-B-form DNA structures, which hinder DNA polymerases and provoke template slippage. Although error correction by mismatch repair plays a key role in preventing microsatellite instability (MSI), which is a hallmark of Lynch syndrome, activities must also exist that unwind secondary structures to facilitate replication fidelity. Here, we report that Fancj helicase-deficient mice, while phenotypically resembling Fanconi anemia (FA), are also hypersensitive to replication inhibitors and predisposed to lymphoma. Whereas metabolism of G4-DNA structures is largely unaffected in Fancj(-/-) mice, high levels of spontaneous MSI occur, which is exacerbated by replication inhibition. In contrast, MSI is not observed in Fancd2(-/-) mice but is prevalent in human FA-J patients. Together, these data implicate FANCJ as a key factor required to counteract MSI, which is functionally distinct from its role in the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Matsuzaki
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Borel
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie A Adelman
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
| | - Detlev Schindler
- Department of Human Genetics, Biozentrum, University of Wurzburg, 97074 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Simon J Boulton
- DNA Damage Response Laboratory, Clare Hall Laboratories, The Francis Crick Institute, South Mimms EN6 3LD, United Kingdom
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95
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Raghunandan M, Chaudhury I, Kelich SL, Hanenberg H, Sobeck A. FANCD2, FANCJ and BRCA2 cooperate to promote replication fork recovery independently of the Fanconi Anemia core complex. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:342-53. [PMID: 25659033 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.987614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fanconi Anemia (FA) is an inherited multi-gene cancer predisposition syndrome that is characterized on the cellular level by a hypersensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). To repair these lesions, the FA pathway proteins are thought to act in a linear hierarchy: Following ICL detection, an upstream FA core complex monoubiquitinates the central FA pathway members FANCD2 and FANCI, followed by their recruitment to chromatin. Chromatin-bound monoubiquitinated FANCD2 and FANCI subsequently coordinate DNA repair factors including the downstream FA pathway members FANCJ and FANCD1/BRCA2 to repair the DNA ICL. Importantly, we recently showed that FANCD2 has additional independent roles: it binds chromatin and acts in concert with the BLM helicase complex to promote the restart of aphidicolin (APH)-stalled replication forks, while suppressing the firing of new replication origins. Here, we show that FANCD2 fulfills these roles independently of the FA core complex-mediated monoubiquitination step. Following APH treatment, nonubiquitinated FANCD2 accumulates on chromatin, recruits the BLM complex, and promotes robust replication fork recovery regardless of the absence or presence of a functional FA core complex. In contrast, the downstream FA pathway members FANCJ and BRCA2 share FANCD2's role in replication fork restart and the suppression of new origin firing. Our results support a non-linear FA pathway model at stalled replication forks, where the nonubiquitinated FANCD2 isoform - in concert with FANCJ and BRCA2 - fulfills a specific function in promoting efficient replication fork recovery independently of the FA core complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Raghunandan
- a Department of Biochemistry; Molecular Biology and Biophysics ; University of Minnesota ; Minneapolis , MN USA
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96
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Duxin JP, Walter JC. What is the DNA repair defect underlying Fanconi anemia? Curr Opin Cell Biol 2015; 37:49-60. [PMID: 26512453 PMCID: PMC4688103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare human genetic disease characterized by bone marrow failure, cancer predisposition, and genomic instability. It has been known for many years that FA patient-derived cells are exquisitely sensitive to DNA interstrand cross-linking agents such as cisplatin and mitomycin C. On this basis, it was widely assumed that failure to repair endogenous interstrand cross-links (ICLs) causes FA, although the endogenous mutagen that generates these lesions remained elusive. Recent genetic evidence now suggests that endogenous aldehydes are the driving force behind FA. Importantly, aldehydes cause a variety of DNA lesions, including ICLs and DNA protein cross-links (DPCs), re-kindling the debate about which DNA lesions cause FA. In this review, we discuss new developments in our understanding of DPC and ICL repair, and how these findings bear on the question of which DNA lesion underlies FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien P Duxin
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Johannes C Walter
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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97
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Sun X, Brieño-Enríquez MA, Cornelius A, Modzelewski AJ, Maley TT, Campbell-Peterson KM, Holloway JK, Cohen PE. FancJ (Brip1) loss-of-function allele results in spermatogonial cell depletion during embryogenesis and altered processing of crossover sites during meiotic prophase I in mice. Chromosoma 2015; 125:237-52. [PMID: 26490168 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Fancj, the gene associated with Fanconi anemia (FA) Complementation Group J, encodes a DNA helicase involved in homologous recombination repair and the cellular response to replication stress. FANCJ functions in part through its interaction with key DNA repair proteins, including MutL homolog-1 (MLH1), Breast Cancer Associated gene-1 (BRCA1), and Bloom syndrome helicase (BLM). All three of these proteins are involved in a variety of events that ensure genome stability, including the events of DNA double strand break (DSB) repair during prophase I of meiosis. Meiotic DSBs are repaired through homologous recombination resulting in non-crossovers (NCO) or crossovers (CO). The frequency and placement of COs are stringently regulated to ensure that each chromosome receives at least one CO event, and that longer chromosomes receive at least one additional CO, thus facilitating the accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes at the first meiotic division. In the present study, we investigated the role of Fancj during prophase I using a gene trap mutant allele. Fancj (GT/GT) mutants are fertile, but their testes are very much smaller than wild-type littermates, predominantly as a result of impeded spermatogonial proliferation and mildly increased apoptosis during testis development in the fetus. This defect in spermatogonial proliferation is consistent with mutations in other FA genes. During prophase I, early events of synapsis and DSB induction/repair appear mostly normal in Fancj (GT/GT) males, and the FANCJ-interacting protein BRCA1 assembles normally on meiotic chromosome cores. However, MLH1 focus frequency is increased in Fancj (GT/GT) males, indicative of increased DSB repair via CO, and is concomitant with increased chiasmata at diakinesis. This increase in COs in the absence of FANCJ is associated with increased localization of BLM helicase protein, indicating that BLM may facilitate the increased rate of crossing over in Fancj (GT/GT) males. Taken together, these results demonstrate a critical role for FANCJ in spermatogenesis at two stages: firstly in the proliferative activity that gives rise to the full complement of testicular spermatogonia and secondly in the establishment of appropriate CO numbers during prophase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfei Sun
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Miguel A Brieño-Enríquez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Alyssa Cornelius
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Andrew J Modzelewski
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tyler T Maley
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Kadeine M Campbell-Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - J Kim Holloway
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Paula E Cohen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Reproductive Genomics, Cornell University, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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98
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Clark DW, Tripathi K, Dorsman JC, Palle K. FANCJ protein is important for the stability of FANCD2/FANCI proteins and protects them from proteasome and caspase-3 dependent degradation. Oncotarget 2015; 6:28816-32. [PMID: 26336824 PMCID: PMC4745694 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare genome instability syndrome with progressive bone marrow failure and cancer susceptibility. FANCJ is one of 17 genes mutated in FA-patients, comprises a DNA helicase that is vital for properly maintaining genomic stability and is known to function in the FA-BRCA DNA repair pathway. While exact role(s) of FANCJ in this repair process is yet to be determined, it is known to interact with primary effector FANCD2. However, FANCJ is not required for FANCD2 activation but is important for its ability to fully respond to DNA damage. In this report, we determined that transient depletion of FANCJ adversely affects stability of FANCD2 and its co-regulator FANCI in multiple cell lines. Loss of FANCJ does not significantly alter cell cycle progression or FANCD2 transcription. However, in the absence of FANCJ, the majority of FANCD2 is degraded by both the proteasome and Caspase-3 dependent mechanism. FANCJ is capable of complexing with and stabilizing FANCD2 even in the absence of a functional helicase domain. Furthermore, our data demonstrate that FANCJ is important for FANCD2 stability and proper activation of DNA damage responses to replication blocks induced by hydroxyurea.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. Clark
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Kaushlendra Tripathi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Josephine C. Dorsman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Komaraiah Palle
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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99
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Gagou ME, Ganesh A, Phear G, Robinson D, Petermann E, Cox A, Meuth M. Human PIF1 helicase supports DNA replication and cell growth under oncogenic-stress. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11381-98. [PMID: 25359767 PMCID: PMC4294361 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Unwinding duplex DNA is a critical processing step during replication, repair and transcription. Pif1 are highly conserved non-processive 5′->3′ DNA helicases with well-established roles in maintenance of yeast genome stability. However, the function of the sole member of Pif1 family in humans remains unclear. Human PIF1 is essential for tumour cell viability, particularly during replication stress, but is dispensable in non-cancerous cells and Pif1 deficient mice. Here we report that suppression of PIF1 function slows replication fork rates and increases arrested forks during normal cycling conditions. Importantly, PIF1-dependent replication impediments impair S-phase progression and reduce proliferation rates of RAS oncogene-transformed fibroblasts, where replication fork slowing is exacerbated, but not parental, non-cancerous cells. Disrupted fork movement upon PIF1-depletion does not enhance double-stranded break formation or DNA damage responses but affects resumption of DNA synthesis after prolonged replication inhibitor exposure, accompanied by diminished new origin firing and mainly S-phase entry. Taken together, we characterised a functional role for human PIF1 in DNA replication that becomes important for cell growth under oncogenic stress. Given that oncogenes induce high levels of replication stress during the early stages of tumorigenesis, this function of PIF1 could become critical during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary E Gagou
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anil Ganesh
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Geraldine Phear
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Darren Robinson
- Light Microscopy Facility, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eva Petermann
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Angela Cox
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Mark Meuth
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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100
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Analysis of a FANCE Splice Isoform in Regard to DNA Repair. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:3056-73. [PMID: 26277624 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The FANC-BRCA DNA repair pathway is activated in response to interstrand crosslinks formed in DNA. A homozygous mutation in 1 of the 17 Fanconi anemia (FA) genes results in malfunctions of this pathway and development of FA syndrome. The integrity of this protein network is essential for good maintenance of DNA repair process and genome stability. Following the identification of an alternatively splice isoform of FANCE (Fanconi anemia complementation group E) significantly expressed in breast cancer individuals from high-risk non-BRCA1/2 families, we studied the impact of this FANCE splice isoform (FANCEΔ4) on DNA repair processes. We have demonstrated that FANCEΔ4 mRNA was efficiently translated into a functional protein and expressed in normal and breast cancer cell lines. Following treatment with the crosslinking agent mitomycin C, EUFA130 (FANCE-deficient) cells infected with FANCEΔ4 were blocked into G2/M phase, while cell survival was significantly reduced compared with FANCE-infected EUFA130 cells. In addition, FANCEΔ4 did not allow FANCD2 and FANCI monoubiquitination, which represents a crucial step of the FANC-BRCA functional pathway. As observed for FANCE wild-type protein, localization of FANCEΔ4 protein was confined to the nucleus following mitomycin C treatment. Although FANCEΔ4 protein showed interaction with FANCE, FANCEΔ4 did not support normal function of FANCE protein in this pathway and could have deleterious effects on FANCE protein activity. We have demonstrated that FANCEΔ4 seems to act as a regulator of FANCD2 protein expression level by promoting its degradation. This study highlights the importance of an efficient regulation of alternative splicing expression of FA genes for proper DNA repair.
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