51
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Huang M, Zhou Y, Duan D, Yang C, Zhou Z, Li F, Kong Y, Hsieh YC, Zhang R, Ding W, Xiao W, Puno P, Chen C. Targeting ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UbcH5b by a triterpenoid PC3-15 from Schisandra plants sensitizes triple-negative breast cancer cells to lapatinib. Cancer Lett 2021; 504:125-136. [PMID: 33607208 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggested that a number of ubiquitin enzymes, including ubiquitin-activating enzymes, ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, E3 ubiquitin ligases and deubiquitination enzymes contribute to therapeutic resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Inhibition of these enzymes with small molecule inhibitors may restore therapeutic sensitivity. Here, we demonstrated ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UbcH5b strongly supports HECTD3 auto-ubiquitination in vitro. Based on this, we developed a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assay and identified three Schisandraceae triterpenoids, including PC3-15, to block HECTD3/UbcH5b auto-ubiquitination. Furthermore, we revealed that PC3-15 directly binds to UbcH5b and also inhibits UbcH5b-mediated p62 ubiquitination. We found that the UbcH5b-p62 axis confers TNBC cells resistance to lapatinib by promoting autophagy. Consistently, PC3-15 inhibits lapatinib-induced autophagy and increases lapatinib sensitivity in TNBC in vitro and in mouse xenografts. These findings suggest that the UbcH5b-p62 axis provides potential therapeutic targets and that Schisandraceae triterpenoids may be used for TNBC treatment in combination with lapatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maobo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanfei Zhou
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China; State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Dongzhu Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Baoji University of Arts and Sciences, Baoji, 721013, China
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhongmei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Fubing Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Yanjie Kong
- Biobank, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/ the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Yi-Ching Hsieh
- The Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY, 12208, USA
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Wenping Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource (Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province), State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, 2 North Cuihu Road, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - PemaTenzin Puno
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China.
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan, China; KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China.
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52
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A Destiny for Degradation: Interplay between Cullin-RING E3 Ligases and Autophagy. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:432-444. [PMID: 33573849 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are two major pathways for protein degradation. The cullin-RING E3 ligases (CRLs) are the largest E3 ligase family and have key biological functions in maintaining protein homeostasis. We provide an updated review of the interactions between CRLs and autophagy, focusing on the regulatory effects of CRLs on the core autophagy machinery that consists of several autophagy-related protein (ATG) complexes and their key upstream signaling pathways. The involvement of such functional interactions in health and disease is also discussed. Understanding the role of CRLs in autophagy is helpful for the development of therapeutic strategies for diseases in which CRLs and autophagy are dysregulated, such as cancer and neurodegenerative conditions.
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53
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Cerda-Troncoso C, Varas-Godoy M, Burgos PV. Pro-Tumoral Functions of Autophagy Receptors in the Modulation of Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2021; 10:619727. [PMID: 33634029 PMCID: PMC7902017 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.619727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression involves a variety of pro-tumorigenic biological processes including cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. A cellular pathway implicated in these pro-tumorigenic processes is autophagy, a catabolic route used for recycling of cytoplasmic components to generate macromolecular building blocks and energy, under stress conditions, to remove damaged cellular constituents to adapt to changing nutrient conditions and to maintain cellular homeostasis. During autophagy, cells form a double-membrane sequestering a compartment termed the phagophore, which matures into an autophagosome. Following fusion with the lysosome, the cargo is degraded inside the autolysosomes and the resulting macromolecules released back into the cytosol for reuse. Cancer cells use this recycling system during cancer progression, however the key autophagy players involved in this disease is unclear. Accumulative evidences show that autophagy receptors, crucial players for selective autophagy, are overexpressed during cancer progression, yet the mechanisms whereby pro-tumorigenic biological processes are modulated by these receptors remains unknown. In this review, we summarized the most important findings related with the pro-tumorigenic role of autophagy receptors p62/SQSTM1, NBR1, NDP52, and OPTN in cancer progression. In addition, we showed the most relevant cargos degraded by these receptors that have been shown to function as critical regulators of pro-tumorigenic processes. Finally, we discussed the role of autophagy receptors in the context of the cellular pathways implicated in this disease, such as growth factors signaling, oxidative stress response and apoptosis. In summary, we highlight that autophagy receptors should be considered important players of cancer progression, which could offer a niche for the development of novel diagnosis and cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Cerda-Troncoso
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Varas-Godoy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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54
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Tan CT, Chang HC, Zhou Q, Yu C, Fu NY, Sabapathy K, Yu VC. MOAP-1-mediated dissociation of p62/SQSTM1 bodies releases Keap1 and suppresses Nrf2 signaling. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e50854. [PMID: 33393215 PMCID: PMC7788458 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 signaling is vital for protecting cells against oxidative stress. However, its hyperactivation is frequently found in liver cancer through excessive build‐up of p62/SQSTM1 bodies that sequester Keap1, an adaptor of the E3‐ubiquitin ligase complex for Nrf2. Here, we report that the Bax‐binding protein MOAP‐1 regulates p62‐Keap1‐Nrf2 signaling through disruption of p62 bodies. Upon induction of cellular stresses that stimulate formation of p62 bodies, MOAP‐1 is recruited to p62 bodies and reduces their levels independent of the autophagy pathway. MOAP‐1 interacts with the PB1‐ZZ domains of p62 and interferes with its self‐oligomerization and liquid–liquid phase separation, thereby disassembling the p62 bodies. Loss of MOAP‐1 can lead to marked upregulation of p62 bodies, enhanced sequestration of Keap1 by p62 and hyperactivation of Nrf2 antioxidant target genes. MOAP‐1‐deficient mice exhibit an elevated tumor burden with excessive levels of p62 bodies and Nrf2 signaling in a diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis model. Together, our data define MOAP‐1 as a negative regulator of Nrf2 signaling via dissociation of p62 bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Teik Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hao-Chun Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qiling Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chundong Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nai Yang Fu
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kanaga Sabapathy
- Cancer & Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cellular & Molecular Research, Humphrey Oei Institute of Cancer Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor C Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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55
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The ER-embedded UBE2J1/RNF26 ubiquitylation complex exerts spatiotemporal control over the endolysosomal pathway. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108659. [PMID: 33472082 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The endolysosomal system fulfills a wide variety of cellular functions, many of which are modulated through interactions with other organelles. In particular, the ER exerts spatiotemporal constraints on the organization and motility of endosomes and lysosomes. We have recently described the ER transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF26 as a regulator of endolysosomal perinuclear positioning and transport dynamics. Here, we report that the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2J1, also anchored in the ER membrane, partners with RNF26 in this context, and that the cellular activity of the resulting E2/E3 pair is localized in a perinuclear ER subdomain and supported by transmembrane interactions. Through modification of SQSTM1/p62 on lysine 435, the ER-embedded UBE2J1/RNF26 ubiquitylation complex recruits endosomal adaptors to immobilize their cognate vesicles in the perinuclear region of the cell. The resulting spatiotemporal compartmentalization promotes the trafficking of activated EGFR to lysosomes and facilitates the termination of EGF-induced AKT signaling.
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56
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Kourakis S, Timpani CA, de Haan JB, Gueven N, Fischer D, Rybalka E. Targeting Nrf2 for the treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Redox Biol 2021; 38:101803. [PMID: 33246292 PMCID: PMC7695875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in redox homeostasis can result in oxidative stress, which is implicated in various pathological conditions including the fatal neuromuscular disease Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). DMD is a complicated disease, with many druggable targets at the cellular and molecular level including calcium-mediated muscle degeneration; mitochondrial dysfunction; oxidative stress; inflammation; insufficient muscle regeneration and dysregulated protein and organelle maintenance. Previous investigative therapeutics tended to isolate and focus on just one of these targets and, consequently, therapeutic activity has been limited. Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that upregulates many cytoprotective gene products in response to oxidants and other toxic stressors. Unlike other strategies, targeted Nrf2 activation has the potential to simultaneously modulate separate pathological features of DMD to amplify therapeutic benefits. Here, we review the literature providing theoretical context for targeting Nrf2 as a disease modifying treatment against DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kourakis
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Cara A Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Judy B de Haan
- Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nuri Gueven
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Developmental- and Neuropediatrics, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Emma Rybalka
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St Albans, Victoria, Australia.
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57
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Taguchi K, Yamamoto M. The KEAP1-NRF2 System as a Molecular Target of Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010046. [PMID: 33375248 PMCID: PMC7795874 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (encoded by the Nfe2l2 gene; NRF2) is a transcription factor that regulates a variety of cytoprotective genes, including antioxidant enzymes, detoxification enzymes, inflammation-related proteins, drug transporters and metabolic enzymes. NRF2 is regulated by unique molecular mechanisms that stem from Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) in response to oxidative and electrophilic stresses. It has been shown that disturbance or perturbation of the NRF2 activation causes and/or exacerbates many kinds of diseases. On the contrary, aberrant activations of NRF2 also provoke intriguing pathologic features, especially in cancers. Cancer cells with high NRF2 activity have been referred to as NRF2-addicted cancers, which are frequently found in lung cancers. In this review, we summarize the current accomplishments of the KEAP1–NRF2 pathway analyses in special reference to the therapeutic target of cancer therapy. The concept of synthetic lethality provides a new therapeutic approach for NRF2-addicted cancers. Abstract The Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)—Nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2 (encoded by the Nfe2l2 gene; NRF2) system attracts extensive interest from scientists in basic and clinical cancer research fields, as NRF2 exhibits activity as both an oncogene and tumor suppressor, depending on the context. Especially unique and malignant, NRF2-addicted cancers exhibit high levels of NRF2 expression. Somatic mutations identified in the NRF2 or KEAP1 genes of NRF2-addicted cancers cause the stabilization and accumulation of NRF2. NRF2-addicted cancers hijack the intrinsic roles that NRF2 plays in cytoprotection, including antioxidative and anti-electrophilic responses, as well as metabolic reprogramming, and acquire a marked advantage to survive under severe and limited microenvironments. Therefore, NRF2 inhibitors are expected to have therapeutic effects in patients with NRF2-addicted cancers. In contrast, NRF2 activation in host immune cells exerts significant suppression of cancer cell growth, indicating that NRF2 inducers also have the potential to be therapeutics for cancers. Thus, the KEAP1–NRF2 system makes a broad range of contributions to both cancer development and suppression. These observations thus demonstrate that both NRF2 inhibitors and inducers are useful for the treatment of cancers with high NRF2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Taguchi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Advanced Research Center for Innovations in Next-Generation Medicine (INGEM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-22-728-3039
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58
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Berkamp S, Mostafavi S, Sachse C. Structure and function of p62/SQSTM1 in the emerging framework of phase separation. FEBS J 2020; 288:6927-6941. [PMID: 33332721 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
p62/SQSTM1 is a multiprotein interaction hub forming cellular punctate structures known as p62 bodies. p62 is centrally involved in the degradation of ubiquitinated cargo through autophagy, as well as in a wide range of signaling activities as part of the cellular response to nutrient sensing, oxidative stress, infection, immunity, and inflammation. Structural work has shown that p62 forms flexible filamentous assemblies composed of an N-terminal PB1-domain scaffold and a C-terminal binding platform, including folded recognition domains and structurally disordered binding motifs. In the cell, these filaments are part of cellular p62 bodies that display properties of liquid-liquid-phase separation. Here, we review the accumulated structural and functional work of p62 and integrate them with the emerging framework of filamentous biomolecular condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Berkamp
- Ernst-Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C-3/Structural Biology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Siavash Mostafavi
- Ernst-Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C-3/Structural Biology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
| | - Carsten Sachse
- Ernst-Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons (ER-C-3/Structural Biology), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.,JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany.,Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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59
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The dialogue between the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy: Implications in ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101203. [PMID: 33130248 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated proteostasis is one of the hallmarks of ageing. Damaged proteins may impair cellular function and their accumulation may lead to tissue dysfunction and disease. This is why protective mechanisms to safeguard the cell proteome have evolved. These mechanisms consist of cellular machineries involved in protein quality control, including regulators of protein translation, folding, trafficking and degradation. In eukaryotic cells, protein degradation occurs via two main pathways: the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Although distinct pathways, they are not isolated systems and have a complementary nature, as evidenced by recent studies. These findings raise the question of how autophagy and the proteasome crosstalk. In this review we address how the two degradation pathways impact each other, thereby adding a new layer of regulation to protein degradation. We also analyze the implications of the UPS and autophagy in ageing.
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60
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Shao N, Huang H, Idris M, Peng X, Xu F, Dong S, Liu C. KEAP1 Mutations Drive Tumorigenesis by Suppressing SOX9 Ubiquitination and Degradation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001018. [PMID: 33173725 PMCID: PMC7610265 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor SOX9 is frequently amplified in diverse advanced-stage human tumors. Its stability has been shown to be tightly controlled by ubiquitination-dependent proteasome degradation. However, the exact underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This work reports that SOX9 protein abundance is regulated by the Cullin 3-based ubiquitin ligase KEAP1 via proteasome-mediated degradation. Loss-of-function mutations in KEAP1 compromise polyubiquitination-mediated SOX9 degradation, leading to increased protein levels, which facilitate tumorigenesis. Moreover, the loss of critical ubiquitination residues in SOX9, by either a SOX9 (ΔK2) truncation or K249R mutation, leads to elevated protein stability. Furthermore, it is shown that the KEAP1/SOX9 interaction is modulated by CKIγ-mediated phosphorylation. Importantly, it is demonstrated that DNA damage drugs, topoisomerase inhibitors, can trigger CKI activation to restore the KEAP1/SOX9 interaction and its consequent degradation. Collectively, herein the findings uncover a novel molecular mechanism through which SOX9 protein stability is negatively regulated by KEAP1 to control tumorigenesis. Thus, these results suggest that mitigating SOX9 resistance to KEAP1-mediated degradation can represent a novel therapeutic strategy for cancers with KEAP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Shao
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceSchool of Biomedical EngineeringArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038P.R. China
| | - Hong Huang
- Center of Biological TherapySouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Idris
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A:STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Xu Peng
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A:STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A:STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials ScienceSchool of Biomedical EngineeringArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038P.R. China
| | - Chungang Liu
- Center of Biological TherapySouthwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing400038P.R. China
- Institute of Molecular and Cell BiologyAgency for ScienceTechnology and Research (A:STAR)SingaporeSingapore
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61
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Ning S, Wang L. The Multifunctional Protein p62 and Its Mechanistic Roles in Cancers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:468-478. [PMID: 30332964 PMCID: PMC8052633 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181016164920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional signaling hub p62 is well recognized as a ubiquitin sensor and a selective autophagy receptor. As a ubiquitin sensor, p62 promotes NFκB activation by facilitating TRAF6 ubiquitination and aggregation. As a selective autophagy receptor, p62 sorts ubiquitinated substrates including p62 itself for lysosome-mediated degradation. p62 plays crucial roles in myriad cellular processes including DNA damage response, aging/senescence, infection and immunity, chronic inflammation, and cancerogenesis, dependent on or independent of autophagy. Targeting p62-mediated autophagy may represent a promising strategy for clinical interventions of different cancers. In this review, we summarize the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of p62, and its mechanistic roles in cancers, with the emphasis on its roles in regulation of DNA damage response and its connection to the cGAS-STING-mediated antitumor immune response, which is promising for cancer vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunbin Ning
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States.,Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Ling Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States.,Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
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62
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The Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP20 Regulates the TNFα-Induced NF-κB Signaling Pathway through Stabilization of p62. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093116. [PMID: 32354117 PMCID: PMC7247158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p62/sequestosome-1 is a scaffolding protein involved in diverse cellular processes such as autophagy, oxidative stress, cell survival and death. It has been identified to interact with atypical protein kinase Cs (aPKCs), linking these kinases to NF-κB activation by tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). The diverse functions of p62 are regulated through post-translational modifications of several domains within p62. Among the enzymes that mediate these post-translational modifications, little is known about the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) that remove ubiquitin chains from p62, compared to the E3 ligases involved in p62 ubiquitination. In this study, we first demonstrate a role of ubiquitin-specific protease USP20 in regulating p62 stability in TNFα-mediated NF-κB activation. USP20 specifically binds to p62 and acts as a positive regulator for NF-κB activation by TNFα through deubiquitinating lysine 48 (K48)-linked polyubiquitination, eventually contributing to cell survival. Furthermore, depletion of USP20 disrupts formation of the atypical PKCζ-RIPK1-p62 complex required for TNFα-mediated NF-κB activation and significantly increases the apoptosis induced by TNFα plus cycloheximide or TNFα plus TAK1 inhibitor. These findings strongly suggest that the USP20-p62 axis plays an essential role in NF-κB-mediated cell survival induced by the TNFα-atypical PKCζ signaling pathway.
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63
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Zhang Y, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Wang H, Peng Y. Emerging Substrate Proteins of Kelch-like ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1) and Potential Challenges for the Development of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Keap1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Protein–Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7986-8002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zeyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
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Tao M, Liu T, You Q, Jiang Z. p62 as a therapeutic target for tumor. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112231. [PMID: 32193054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
p62/SQSTM1 (hereafter as p62) is a stress-inducible cellular protein, which interacts with various signaling proteins to regulate a variety of cellular functions. Growing lines of evidence supported a critical role of p62 in tumorigenesis, and p62 may become a therapeutic target for tumor. In this review, we summarize biological functions of structural domains of p62, reported bioactive molecules targeting p62, and the relationship between p62 and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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65
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PINK1/Parkin Mediated Mitophagy, Ca 2+ Signalling, and ER-Mitochondria Contacts in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051772. [PMID: 32150829 PMCID: PMC7084677 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria contact sites are critical structures for cellular function. They are implicated in a plethora of cellular processes, including Ca2+ signalling and mitophagy, the selective degradation of damaged mitochondria. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-induced kinase (PINK) and Parkin proteins, whose mutations are associated with familial forms of Parkinson’s disease, are two of the best characterized mitophagy players. They accumulate at ER–mitochondria contact sites and modulate organelles crosstalk. Alterations in ER–mitochondria tethering are a common hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the involvement of PINK1 and Parkin at the ER–mitochondria contact sites and their role in the modulation of Ca2+ signalling and mitophagy.
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66
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The crosstalk of NAD, ROS and autophagy in cellular health and ageing. Biogerontology 2020; 21:381-397. [PMID: 32124104 PMCID: PMC7196094 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellular adaptation to various types of stress requires a complex network of steps that altogether lead to reconstitution of redox balance, degradation of damaged macromolecules and restoration of cellular metabolism. Advances in our understanding of the interplay between cellular signalling and signal translation paint a complex picture of multi-layered paths of regulation. In this review we explore the link between cellular adaptation to metabolic and oxidative stresses by activation of autophagy, a crucial cellular catabolic pathway. Metabolic stress can lead to changes in the redox state of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a co-factor in a variety of enzymatic reactions and thus trigger autophagy that acts to sequester intracellular components for recycling to support cellular growth. Likewise, autophagy is activated by oxidative stress to selectively recycle damaged macromolecules and organelles and thus maintain cellular viability. Multiple proteins that help regulate or execute autophagy are targets of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that have an effect on their localization, binding affinity or enzymatic activity. These PTMs include acetylation, a reversible enzymatic modification of a protein’s lysine residues, and oxidation, a set of reversible and irreversible modifications by free radicals. Here we highlight the latest findings and outstanding questions on the interplay of autophagy with metabolic stress, presenting as changes in NAD levels, and oxidative stress, with a focus on autophagy proteins that are regulated by both, oxidation and acetylation. We further explore the relevance of this multi-layered signalling to healthy human ageing and their potential role in human disease.
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67
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Discovery of disubstituted xylylene derivatives as small molecule direct inhibitors of Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115343. [PMID: 32046917 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Keap1-Nrf2-ARE system represents a crucial antioxidant defense mechanism that protects cells against reactive oxygen species. Targeting Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction (PPI) has become a promising drug target for several oxidative stress-related and inflammatory diseases including pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) and cancer chemoprevention. For the development of a potential therapeutic agent, drug-like properties and potency are important considerations. In this work, we focused on the modification of 4 as a lead through a molecular dissection strategy in an effort to improve its metabolic stability, leading to the discovery of a series of new disubstituted xylylene derivatives. The preliminary SAR of 9a indicated that compound 21a containing S-methylated acetate moieties exhibited comparable potency to the lead compound 4 in a fluorescent polarization assay but with improved metabolic stability in the presence of human liver microsomes.
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68
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Yu JJ, Zhou DD, Cui B, Zhang C, Tan FW, Chang S, Li K, Lv XX, Zhang XW, Shang S, Xiang YJ, Chen F, Yu JM, Liu SS, Wang F, Hu ZW, Hua F. Disruption of the EGFR-SQSTM1 interaction by a stapled peptide suppresses lung cancer via activating autophagy and inhibiting EGFR signaling. Cancer Lett 2020; 474:23-35. [PMID: 31931029 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the success of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring EGFR-activating mutations, intrinsic or acquired resistance remains the major obstacle to long-term disease remission. Defective autophagy has been reported as an EGFR-TKI resistance mechanism. However, how EGFR regulate autophagic flux are still not fully understood. Here we found that EGFR-stimulated phosphorylation of SQSTM1 at tyrosine 433 induces dimerization of its UBA domain, which disturbs the sequestration function of SQSTM1 and causes autophagic flux blocking. SAH-EJ2, a staple optimized EGFR-derived peptide, showed enhanced in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity against NSCLC than the prototype regardless of EGFR mutation status. Mechanistically, SAH-EJ2 disrupts the EGFR-SQSTM1 interaction and protects against EGFR-induced SQSTM1 phosphorylation, which hinders the dimerization of the SQSTM1 UBA domains and restores SQSTM1 cargo function. Moreover, SAH-EJ2 suppresses EGFR activity by blocking its dimerization and reducing its protein stability, which reciprocally activates the core autophagy machinery. Our observations reveal that disturbing the EGFR-SQSTM1 interaction by SAH-EJ2 confers a potential strategy in the treatment of NSCLC through suppressing EGFR signalling and activating autophagy simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao-Jiao Yu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Bing Cui
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Feng-Wei Tan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Shan Chang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213000, PR China
| | - Ke Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xiao-Xi Lv
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Shuang Shang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Yu-Jin Xiang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Fei Chen
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Jin-Mei Yu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Zhuo-Wei Hu
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Fang Hua
- Immunology and Cancer Pharmacology Group, State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
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69
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Johansen T, Lamark T. Selective Autophagy: ATG8 Family Proteins, LIR Motifs and Cargo Receptors. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:80-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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70
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Jung H, Lee HN, Marshall RS, Lomax AW, Yoon MJ, Kim J, Kim JH, Vierstra RD, Chung T. Arabidopsis cargo receptor NBR1 mediates selective autophagy of defective proteins. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:73-89. [PMID: 31494674 PMCID: PMC6913707 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Aggrephagy, a type of selective autophagy that sequesters protein aggregates for degradation in the vacuole, is an important protein quality control mechanism, particularly during cell stress. In mammalian cells, aggrephagy and several other forms of selective autophagy are mediated by dedicated cargo receptors such as NEIGHBOR OF BRCA1 (NBR1). Although plant NBR1 homologs have been linked to selective autophagy during biotic stress, it remains unclear how they impact selective autophagy under non-stressed and abiotic stress conditions. Through microscopic and biochemical analysis of nbr1 mutants expressing autophagy markers and an aggregation-prone reporter, we tested the connection between NBR1 and aggrephagy in Arabidopsis. Although NBR1 is not essential for general autophagy, or for the selective clearance of peroxisomes, mitochondria, or the ER, we found that NBR1 is required for the heat-induced formation of autophagic vesicles. Moreover, cytoplasmic puncta containing aggregation-prone proteins, which were rarely observed in wild-type plants, were found to accumulate in nbr1 mutants under both control and heat stress conditions. Given that NBR1 co-localizes with these cytoplasmic puncta, we propose that Arabidopsis NBR1 is a plant aggrephagy receptor essential for maintaining proteostasis under both heat stress and non-stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyera Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Nim Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Present address: Department of Botany and Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard S Marshall
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA
| | - Aaron W Lomax
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Present address: Department of Soil Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Min Ji Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Present address: Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimi Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Correspondence: or
| | - Taijoon Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: or
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71
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Valionyte E, Yang Y, Roberts SL, Kelly J, Lu B, Luo S. Lowering Mutant Huntingtin Levels and Toxicity: Autophagy-Endolysosome Pathways in Huntington's Disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:2673-2691. [PMID: 31786267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenetic neurodegenerative disease, which serves as a model of neurodegeneration with protein aggregation. Autophagy has been suggested to possess a great value to tackle protein aggregation toxicity and neurodegenerative diseases. Current studies suggest that autophagy-endolysosomal pathways are critical for HD pathology. Here we review recent advancement in the studies of autophagy and selective autophagy relating HD. Restoration of autophagy flux and enhancement of selective removal of mutant huntingtin/disease-causing protein would be effective approaches towards tackling HD as well as other similar neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina Valionyte
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Yi Yang
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Sheridan L Roberts
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Jack Kelly
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Boxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shouqing Luo
- Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth, Research Way, Plymouth PL6 8BU, UK.
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72
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Kelch-like proteins: Physiological functions and relationships with diseases. Pharmacol Res 2019; 148:104404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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73
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Kehl SR, Soos BA, Saha B, Choi SW, Herren AW, Johansen T, Mandell MA. TAK1 converts Sequestosome 1/p62 from an autophagy receptor to a signaling platform. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e46238. [PMID: 31347268 PMCID: PMC6726904 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein p62/Sequestosome 1 (p62) has been described as a selective autophagy receptor and independently as a platform for pro-inflammatory and other intracellular signaling. How these seemingly disparate functional roles of p62 are coordinated has not been resolved. Here, we show that TAK1, a kinase involved in immune signaling, negatively regulates p62 action in autophagy. TAK1 reduces p62 localization to autophagosomes, dampening the autophagic degradation of both p62 and p62-directed autophagy substrates. TAK1 also relocalizes p62 into dynamic cytoplasmic bodies, a phenomenon that accompanies the stabilization of TAK1 complex components. On the other hand, p62 facilitates the assembly and activation of TAK1 complexes, suggesting a connection between p62's signaling functions and p62 body formation. Thus, TAK1 governs p62 action, switching it from an autophagy receptor to a signaling platform. This ability of TAK1 to disable p62 as an autophagy receptor may allow certain autophagic substrates to accumulate when needed for cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Kehl
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate ProgramUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Brandy‐Lee A Soos
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Present address:
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate ProgramUniversity of MaineOronoMEUSA
| | - Bhaskar Saha
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | - Seong Won Choi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
| | | | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research GroupInstitute of Medical BiologyUniversity of Tromsø ‐ The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway
| | - Michael A Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and MicrobiologyUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research ExcellenceUniversity of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNMUSA
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74
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Jeong SJ, Zhang X, Rodriguez-Velez A, Evans TD, Razani B. p62/ SQSTM1 and Selective Autophagy in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:458-471. [PMID: 30588824 PMCID: PMC6653798 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: p62/SQSTM1 is a multifunctional scaffolding protein involved in the regulation of various signaling pathways as well as autophagy. In particular, p62/SQSTM1 serves as an essential adaptor to identify and deliver specific organelles and protein aggregates to autophagosomes for degradation, a process known as selective autophagy. Critical Issues: With the emergence of autophagy as a critical process in cellular metabolism and the development of cardiometabolic diseases, it is increasingly important to understand p62's role in the integration of signaling and autophagic pathways. Recent Advances: This review first discusses the features that make p62/SQSTM1 an ideal chaperone in integrating signaling pathways with autophagy and details the current understanding of its diverse roles in selective autophagy processes. Distinct and overlapping roles of other chaperones with similar functions are then discussed in the context of p62/SQSTM1. Finally, the recent literature focusing on p62 and selective autophagy in metabolism and the spectrum of cardiometabolic diseases including atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, and obesity is evaluated. Future Directions: A comprehensive understanding of the nuanced roles p62/SQSTM1 plays in mediating distinct autophagy pathways would provide new insights into the mechanisms of this critical degradative pathway. This will, in turn, facilitate our understanding of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic disease pathology and the development of novel autophagy-modulating therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Jin Jeong
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Astrid Rodriguez-Velez
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Trent D Evans
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Babak Razani
- 1 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,2 Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,3 John Cochran VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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75
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Arun RP, Sivanesan D, Patra B, Varadaraj S, Verma RS. Simulated microgravity increases polyploid giant cancer cells and nuclear localization of YAP. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10684. [PMID: 31337825 PMCID: PMC6650394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical cues are vital in determining cellular fate in cancer. In vitro 3D culture do not replicate forces present in vivo. These forces including tumor interstitial fluid pressure and matrix stiffness behave as switches in differentiation and metastasis, which are intricate features of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Gravity determines the effect of these physical factors on cell fate and functions as evident from microgravity experiments on space and ground simulations. Here, we described the role of simulation of microgravity (SMG) using rotary cell culture system (RCCS) in increasing stemness in human colorectal cancer cell HCT116. We observed distinct features of cancer stem cells including CD133/CD44 dual positive cells and migration in SMG which was not altered by autophagy induction or inhibition. 3D and SMG increased autophagy, but the flux was staggered under SMG. Increased unique giant cancer cells housing complete nuclear localization of YAP were observed in SMG. This study highlights the role of microgravity in regulating stemness in CSC and importance of physical factors in determining the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Pranap Arun
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India
| | - Divya Sivanesan
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India
| | - Bamadeb Patra
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India
| | - Sudha Varadaraj
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Stem Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036 TN, India.
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76
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Peng H, Yang F, Hu Q, Sun J, Peng C, Zhao Y, Huang C. The ubiquitin-specific protease USP8 directly deubiquitinates SQSTM1/p62 to suppress its autophagic activity. Autophagy 2019; 16:698-708. [PMID: 31241013 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1635381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1) is a critical macroautophagy/autophagy receptor that promotes the formation and degradation of ubiquitinated aggregates. SQSTM1 can be modified by ubiquitination, and this modification modulates its autophagic activity. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning its reversible deubiquitination have never been described. Here we report that USP8 (ubiquitin specific peptidase 8) directly interacted with and deubiquitinated SQSTM1. USP8 preferentially removed the lysine 11 (K11)-linked ubiquitin chains from SQSTM1. Moreover, USP8 deubiquitinated SQSTM1 principally at K420 within its ubiquitin-association (UBA) domain. Finally, USP8 inhibited SQSTM1 degradation and autophagic influx in cells with wild-type SQSTM1, but not its mutant with substitution of K420 with an arginine. Taken together, USP8 acts as a negative regulator of autophagy by deubiquitinating SQSTM1 at K420.Abbreviations: BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BAP1: BRCA1 associated protein 1; DUB: deubiquitinating enzyme; ESCRT: endosomal sorting complex required for transport; HTT: huntingtin; K: lysine; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblast; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; Ub: ubiquitin; UBA: ubiquitin-association; UBE2D2: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D2; UBE2D3: ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 D3; USP: ubiquitin specific peptidase; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Laboratory of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianwen Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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77
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Mao Z, Sang MM, Chen C, Zhu WT, Gong YS, Pei D. CSN6 Promotes the Migration and Invasion of Cervical Cancer Cells by Inhibiting Autophagic Degradation of Cathepsin L. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:1310-1324. [PMID: 31223289 PMCID: PMC6567803 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.32987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
CSN6 is one subunit of the highly conserved constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 (COP9) signalosome (CSN), which is overexpressed in many types of cancers, and has received great attention as a regulator of the degradation of cancer-related proteins, suggesting its importance in oncogenic activity. CSN6 has been shown to be overexpressed in cervical cancer (CC) and associated with CC development. CC remains to be one of the most aggressive cancers affecting women. Cathepsin L (CTSL), significantly associated with the autophagy, plays a critical role in degradation of extracellular matrix for metastasis. However, the detailed biological functions of CSN6 on CTSL in CC metastasis have not been well clarified. Our data has shown that CSN6 and CTSL are positively correlated. The overexpression of CSN6 and CTSL might be a strong indicator for CC enhanced aggressiveness. CSN6 could suppress the degradation of CTSL, then facilitated the migration and invasion of CC cells. Interestingly, our results indicated that autophagy is essential for decreasing CTSL, while CSN6 could inhibit the autophagy ability of CC cells. In addition, blocking of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway reversed CSN6-mediated autophagy inhibition. We further demonstrated that CSN6 positively regulated CTSL expression through an autophagy-lysosomal system. Taken together, we concluded that CSN6 might promote the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting autophagic degradation of CTSL and serve as a potential gene therapy target for the treatment of CC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Mao
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Miao-Miao Sang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Tao Zhu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Sen Gong
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong‑Sheng Pei
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
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78
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Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Wells G, Hayes JD, Cousin SP, Rumsey WL, Attucks OC, Franklin S, Levonen AL, Kensler TW, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Therapeutic targeting of the NRF2 and KEAP1 partnership in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:295-317. [PMID: 30610225 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by NFE2L2) and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), are critical in the maintenance of redox, metabolic and protein homeostasis, as well as the regulation of inflammation. Thus, NRF2 activation provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies including chronic diseases of the lung and liver; autoimmune, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders; and cancer initiation. One NRF2 activator has received clinical approval and several electrophilic modifiers of the cysteine-based sensor KEAP1 and inhibitors of its interaction with NRF2 are now in clinical development. However, challenges regarding target specificity, pharmacodynamic properties, efficacy and safety remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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79
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HDAC6 regulates lipid droplet turnover in response to nutrient deprivation via p62-mediated selective autophagy. J Genet Genomics 2019; 46:221-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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80
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The Roles of Ubiquitin-Binding Protein Shuttles in the Degradative Fate of Ubiquitinated Proteins in the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Autophagy. Cells 2019; 8:cells8010040. [PMID: 30634694 PMCID: PMC6357184 DOI: 10.3390/cells8010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are the two major intracellular protein quality control (PQC) pathways that are responsible for cellular proteostasis (homeostasis of the proteome) by ensuring the timely degradation of misfolded, damaged, and unwanted proteins. Ubiquitination serves as the degradation signal in both these systems, but substrates are precisely targeted to one or the other pathway. Determining how and when cells target specific proteins to these two alternative PQC pathways and control the crosstalk between them are topics of considerable interest. The ubiquitin (Ub) recognition code based on the type of Ub-linked chains on substrate proteins was believed to play a pivotal role in this process, but an increasing body of evidence indicates that the PQC pathway choice is also made based on other criteria. These include the oligomeric state of the Ub-binding protein shuttles, their conformation, protein modifications, and the presence of motifs that interact with ATG8/LC3/GABARAP (autophagy-related protein 8/microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3/GABA type A receptor-associated protein) protein family members. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the Ub recognition code that is bound by Ub-binding proteasomal and autophagic receptors. We also discuss how cells can modify substrate fate by modulating the structure, conformation, and physical properties of these receptors to affect their shuttling between both degradation pathways.
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81
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Nowak M, Suenkel B, Porras P, Migotti R, Schmidt F, Kny M, Zhu X, Wanker EE, Dittmar G, Fielitz J, Sommer T. DCAF8, a novel MuRF1 interaction partner, promotes muscle atrophy. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.233395. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.233395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscle-specific RING-finger protein MuRF1 constitutes a bona fide ubiquitin ligase that routes proteins like Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) to proteasomal degradation during muscle atrophy. In two unbiased screens we identified DCAF8 as a new MuRF1 binding partner. MuRF1 physically interacts with DCAF8 and both proteins localize to overlapping structures in muscle cells. Noteworthy, similar to MuRF1, DCAF8 levels increase during atrophy and the down-regulation of either protein substantially impedes muscle wasting and MyHC degradation in C2C12 myotubes, a model system for muscle differentiation and atrophy. DCAF proteins typically serve as substrate receptors in Cullin 4-type (Cul4) ubiquitin ligases (CRL) and we demonstrate that DCAF8 and MuRF1 associate with the subunits of such a protein complex. Because genetic downregulation of DCAF8 and inhibition of Cullin activity also impair myotube atrophy in C2C12 cells, our data imply that the DCAF8 promotes muscle wasting by targeting proteins like MyHC as an integral substrate receptor of a CRL4A ubiquitin ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Nowak
- Intracellular Proteolysis, Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, MDC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Present address: DUNN Labortechnik GmbH, Thelenberg 6, 53567, Asbach, Germany
| | - Benjamin Suenkel
- Intracellular Proteolysis, Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Pablo Porras
- Proteomics and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases, MDC, USA
- Present address: European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Rebekka Migotti
- Mass Spectrometric Core Unit, MDC, USA
- Present address: ProPharma Group, Siemensdamm 62, 13627 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Schmidt
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, MDC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Present address: BCRT Flow and Mass Cytometry Lab, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Kny
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, MDC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Xiaoxi Zhu
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, MDC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Erich E. Wanker
- Proteomics and Molecular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Diseases, MDC, USA
| | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Mass Spectrometric Core Unit, MDC, USA
- Present address: Proteome and Genome Research Laboratory, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1a Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg, Europe
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, MDC, Lindenberger Weg 80, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Fleischmann Strasse 41, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Sommer
- Intracellular Proteolysis, Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
- Institute of Biology, Humboldt-University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Oudenarder Straße 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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82
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Sánchez-Martín P, Saito T, Komatsu M. p62/SQSTM1: 'Jack of all trades' in health and cancer. FEBS J 2018; 286:8-23. [PMID: 30499183 PMCID: PMC7379270 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
p62 is a stress‐inducible protein able to change among binding partners, cellular localizations and form liquid droplet structures in a context‐dependent manner. This protein is mainly defined as a cargo receptor for selective autophagy, a process that allows the degradation of detrimental and unnecessary components through the lysosome. Besides this role, its ability to interact with multiple binding partners allows p62 to act as a main regulator of the activation of the Nrf2, mTORC1, and NF‐κB signaling pathways, linking p62 to the oxidative defense system, nutrient sensing, and inflammation, respectively. In the present review, we will present the molecular mechanisms behind the control p62 exerts over these pathways, their interconnection and how their deregulation contributes to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Saito
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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83
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Fan M, Li Y, Yao C, Liu X, Liu J, Yu B. DC32, a Dihydroartemisinin Derivative, Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis Through an Nrf2-p62-Keap1 Feedback Loop. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2762. [PMID: 30538709 PMCID: PMC6277526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinins have been reported to have diverse functions, such as antimalaria, anticancer, anti-inflammation, and immunoregulation activities. DC32 [(9α,12α-dihydroartemisinyl) bis(2′-chlorocinnmate)], a dihydroartemisinin derivative possessing potent immunosuppressive properties, was synthesized in our previous study. Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice and inflammatory model in NIH-3T3 cells were established to evaluate the effect of DC32 on RA and discover the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that DC32 could markedly alleviate footpad inflammation, reduce cartilage degradation, activate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, and increase the transcription of p62 in DBA/1 mice with CIA. Further mechanistic exploration with NIH-3T3 cells indicated that DC32 could increase the transcription, expression, and nuclear translocation of Nrf2. In addition, DC32 promoted degradation of Keap1 protein and upregulated HO-1 and p62 expression. Furthermore, the effect of DC32 on Keap1 degradation could be prevented by p62 knockdown using siRNA. Administration of DC32 could inhibit the activation of Akt/mTOR and ERK, and pretreatment of NIH-3T3 cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) attenuated the degradation of Keap1 induced by DC32. These results suggest that DC32 inhibits the degradation of Nrf2 by promoting p62-mediated selective autophagy and that p62 upregulation contributed to a positive feedback loop for persistent activation of Nrf2. In summary, our present study demonstrated that DC32 significantly suppressed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) via the Nrf2-p62-Keap1 feedback loop by increasing the mRNA and protein levels of Nrf2 and inducing p62 expression. These findings provide new mechanisms for artemisinins in RA treatment and a potential strategy for discovering antirheumatic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunhua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiufeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Boyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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84
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Sánchez-Martín P, Komatsu M. p62/SQSTM1 - steering the cell through health and disease. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/21/jcs222836. [PMID: 30397181 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
SQSTM1 (also known as p62) is a multifunctional stress-inducible scaffold protein involved in diverse cellular processes. Its functions are tightly regulated through an extensive pattern of post-translational modifications, and include the isolation of cargos degraded by autophagy, induction of the antioxidant response by the Keap1-Nrf2 system, as well as the regulation of endosomal trafficking, apoptosis and inflammation. Accordingly, malfunction of SQSTM1 is associated with a wide range of diseases, including bone and muscle disorders, neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases, and multiple forms of cancer. In this Review, we summarize current knowledge regarding regulation, post-translational modifications and functions of SQSTM1, as well as how they are dysregulated in various pathogenic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sánchez-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan .,Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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85
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Danieli A, Martens S. p62-mediated phase separation at the intersection of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/19/jcs214304. [PMID: 30287680 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.214304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The degradation of misfolded proteins is essential for cellular homeostasis. Misfolded proteins are normally degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and selective autophagy serves as a backup mechanism when the UPS is overloaded. Selective autophagy mediates the degradation of harmful material by its sequestration within double-membrane organelles called autophagosomes. The selectivity of autophagic processes is mediated by cargo receptors, which link the cargo to the autophagosomal membrane. The p62 cargo receptor (SQSTM1) has a main function during the degradation of misfolded, ubiquitylated proteins by selective autophagy; here it functions to phase separate these proteins into larger condensates and tether them to the autophagosomal membrane. Recent work has given us crucial insights into the mechanism of action of the p62 cargo receptor during selective autophagy and how its activity can be integrated with the UPS. We will discuss these recent insights in the context of protein quality control and the emerging concept of cellular organization mediated by phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Danieli
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sascha Martens
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter, Dr. Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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86
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Ichimura Y, Komatsu M. Activation of p62/SQSTM1-Keap1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Pathway in Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:210. [PMID: 29930914 PMCID: PMC5999793 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and the Keap1–Nrf2 system are major cellular defense mechanisms against metabolic and oxidative stress. These two systems are linked via phosphorylation of the ubiquitin binding autophagy receptor protein p62/SQSTM1 in the p62–Keap1–Nrf2 pathway. The p62–Keap1–Nrf2 pathway plays a protective role in normal cells; however, recent studies indicate that this pathway induces tumorigenesis of pre-malignant cells, and promotes the growth and drug resistance of tumor cells via metabolic reprogramming mediated by Nrf2 activation. These findings suggest that impairment of autophagy is involved in the acquisition of malignancy and maintenance of tumors, and furthermore, that p62/SQSTM1 could be a potential target for chemotherapy in cancers that harbor excess p62.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinobu Ichimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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87
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Bustamante HA, González AE, Cerda-Troncoso C, Shaughnessy R, Otth C, Soza A, Burgos PV. Interplay Between the Autophagy-Lysosomal Pathway and the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System: A Target for Therapeutic Development in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:126. [PMID: 29867359 PMCID: PMC5954036 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia leading to severe irreversible cognitive decline and massive neurodegeneration. While therapeutic approaches for managing symptoms are available, AD currently has no cure. AD associates with a progressive decline of the two major catabolic pathways of eukaryotic cells—the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)—that contributes to the accumulation of harmful molecules implicated in synaptic plasticity and long-term memory impairment. One protein recently highlighted as the earliest initiator of these disturbances is the amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular C-terminal membrane fragment β (CTFβ), a key toxic agent with deleterious effects on neuronal function that has become an important pathogenic factor for AD and a potential biomarker for AD patients. This review focuses on the involvement of regulatory molecules and specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) that operate in the UPS and ALP to control a single proteostasis network to achieve protein balance. We discuss how these aspects can contribute to the development of novel strategies to strengthen the balance of key pathogenic proteins associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hianara A Bustamante
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Alexis E González
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Cerda-Troncoso
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ronan Shaughnessy
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carola Otth
- Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrea Soza
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V Burgos
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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88
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Islam MA, Sooro MA, Zhang P. Autophagic Regulation of p62 is Critical for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051405. [PMID: 29738493 PMCID: PMC5983640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequestosome1 (p62/SQSTM 1) is a multidomain protein that interacts with the autophagy machinery as a key adaptor of target cargo. It interacts with phagophores through the LC3-interacting (LIR) domain and with the ubiquitinated protein aggregates through the ubiquitin-associated domain (UBA) domain. It sequesters the target cargo into inclusion bodies by its PB1 domain. This protein is further the central hub that interacts with several key signaling proteins. Emerging evidence implicates p62 in the induction of multiple cellular oncogenic transformations. Indeed, p62 upregulation and/or reduced degradation have been implicated in tumor formation, cancer promotion as well as in resistance to therapy. It has been established that the process of autophagy regulates the levels of p62. Autophagy-dependent apoptotic activity of p62 is recently being reported. It is evident that p62 plays a critical role in both autophagy and apoptosis. Therefore in this review we discuss the role of p62 in autophagy, apoptosis and cancer through its different domains and outline the importance of modulating cellular levels of p62 in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ariful Islam
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Mopa Alina Sooro
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening & Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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89
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Wang L, Yan J, Niu H, Huang R, Wu S. Autophagy and Ubiquitination in Salmonella Infection and the Related Inflammatory Responses. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:78. [PMID: 29594070 PMCID: PMC5861197 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonellae are facultative intracellular pathogens that cause globally distributed diseases with massive morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. In the past decades, numerous studies were focused on host defenses against Salmonella infection. Autophagy has been demonstrated to be an important defense mechanism to clear intracellular pathogenic organisms, as well as a regulator of immune responses. Ubiquitin modification also has multiple effects on the host immune system against bacterial infection. It has been indicated that ubiquitination plays critical roles in recognition and clearance of some invading bacteria by autophagy. Additionally, the ubiquitination of autophagy proteins in autophagy flux and inflammation-related substance determines the outcomes of infection. However, many intracellular pathogens manipulate the ubiquitination system to counteract the host immunity. Salmonellae interfere with host responses via the delivery of ~30 effector proteins into cytosol to promote their survival and proliferation. Among them, some could link the ubiquitin-proteasome system with autophagy during infection and affect the host inflammatory responses. In this review, novel findings on the issue of ubiquitination and autophagy connection as the mechanisms of host defenses against Salmonella infection and the subverted processes are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Niu
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuyan Wu
- Department of Microbiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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90
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Sha Z, Schnell HM, Ruoff K, Goldberg A. Rapid induction of p62 and GABARAPL1 upon proteasome inhibition promotes survival before autophagy activation. J Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29535191 PMCID: PMC5940303 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201708168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are thought to adapt to proteasome inhibition by using alternative pathways for degradation such as autophagy. Sha et al. now report that cells rapidly induce GABARAPL1 and p62 upon proteasome inhibition, but this promotes cell survival by sequestering ubiquitinated and sumoylated proteins long before the cells induce other Atg genes and activate autophagy. Proteasome inhibitors are used as research tools and to treat multiple myeloma, and proteasome activity is diminished in several neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore studied how cells compensate for proteasome inhibition. In 4 h, proteasome inhibitor treatment caused dramatic and selective induction of GABARAPL1 (but not other autophagy genes) and p62, which binds ubiquitinated proteins and GABARAPL1 on autophagosomes. Knockdown of p62 or GABARAPL1 reduced cell survival upon proteasome inhibition. p62 induction requires the transcription factor nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 1 (Nrf1), which simultaneously induces proteasome genes. After 20-h exposure to proteasome inhibitors, cells activated autophagy and expression of most autophagy genes by an Nrf1-independent mechanism. Although p62 facilitates the association of ubiquitinated proteins with autophagosomes, its knockdown in neuroblastoma cells blocked the buildup of ubiquitin conjugates in perinuclear aggresomes and of sumoylated proteins in nuclear inclusions but did not reduce the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Thus, upon proteasome inhibition, cells rapidly induce p62 expression, which enhances survival primarily by sequestering ubiquitinated proteins in inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sha
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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91
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Lee Y, Jonson PH, Sarparanta J, Palmio J, Sarkar M, Vihola A, Evilä A, Suominen T, Penttilä S, Savarese M, Johari M, Minot MC, Hilton-Jones D, Maddison P, Chinnery P, Reimann J, Kornblum C, Kraya T, Zierz S, Sue C, Goebel H, Azfer A, Ralston SH, Hackman P, Bucelli RC, Taylor JP, Weihl CC, Udd B. TIA1 variant drives myodegeneration in multisystem proteinopathy with SQSTM1 mutations. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1164-1177. [PMID: 29457785 DOI: 10.1172/jci97103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multisystem proteinopathy (MSP) involves disturbances of stress granule (SG) dynamics and autophagic protein degradation that underlie the pathogenesis of a spectrum of degenerative diseases that affect muscle, brain, and bone. Specifically, identical mutations in the autophagic adaptor SQSTM1 can cause varied penetrance of 4 distinct phenotypes: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia, Paget's disease of the bone, and distal myopathy. It has been hypothesized that clinical pleiotropy relates to additional genetic determinants, but thus far, evidence has been lacking. Here, we provide evidence that a TIA1 (p.N357S) variant dictates a myodegenerative phenotype when inherited, along with a pathogenic SQSTM1 mutation. Experimentally, the TIA1-N357S variant significantly enhances liquid-liquid-phase separation in vitro and impairs SG dynamics in living cells. Depletion of SQSTM1 or the introduction of a mutant version of SQSTM1 similarly impairs SG dynamics. TIA1-N357S-persistent SGs have increased association with SQSTM1, accumulation of ubiquitin conjugates, and additional aggregated proteins. Synergistic expression of the TIA1-N357S variant and a SQSTM1-A390X mutation in myoblasts leads to impaired SG clearance and myotoxicity relative to control myoblasts. These findings demonstrate a pathogenic connection between SG homeostasis and ubiquitin-mediated autophagic degradation that drives the penetrance of an MSP phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- YouJin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Per Harald Jonson
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Sarparanta
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Mohona Sarkar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna Vihola
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anni Evilä
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Suominen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sini Penttilä
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marco Savarese
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mridul Johari
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Christine Minot
- Neuromuscular Competence Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - David Hilton-Jones
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Maddison
- Department of Neurology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Chinnery
- MRC-Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jens Reimann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kornblum
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases Bonn (ZSEB), Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Torsten Kraya
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Stephan Zierz
- Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Carolyn Sue
- Department of Neurogenetics, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, St Leonard's, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hans Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Asim Azfer
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hackman
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert C Bucelli
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Conrad C Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics and Department of Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Neuromuscular Research Center, Tampere University Hospital and University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Neurology, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
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92
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Zaffagnini G, Savova A, Danieli A, Romanov J, Tremel S, Ebner M, Peterbauer T, Sztacho M, Trapannone R, Tarafder AK, Sachse C, Martens S. p62 filaments capture and present ubiquitinated cargos for autophagy. EMBO J 2018; 37:embj.201798308. [PMID: 29343546 PMCID: PMC5830917 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201798308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal of misfolded, ubiquitinated proteins is an essential part of the protein quality control. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are two interconnected pathways that mediate the degradation of such proteins. During autophagy, ubiquitinated proteins are clustered in a p62-dependent manner and are subsequently engulfed by autophagosomes. However, the nature of the protein substrates targeted for autophagy is unclear. Here, we developed a reconstituted system using purified components and show that p62 and ubiquitinated proteins spontaneously coalesce into larger clusters. Efficient cluster formation requires substrates modified with at least two ubiquitin chains longer than three moieties and is based on p62 filaments cross-linked by the substrates. The reaction is inhibited by free ubiquitin, K48-, and K63-linked ubiquitin chains, as well as by the autophagosomal marker LC3B, suggesting a tight cross talk with general proteostasis and autophagosome formation. Our study provides mechanistic insights on how substrates are channeled into autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Zaffagnini
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Adriana Savova
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alberto Danieli
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Romanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shirley Tremel
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Ebner
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Peterbauer
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Sztacho
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Riccardo Trapannone
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Abul K Tarafder
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sachse
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sascha Martens
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories (MFPL), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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93
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Deng Z, Sheehan P, Chen S, Yue Z. Is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia an autophagy disease? Mol Neurodegener 2017; 12:90. [PMID: 29282133 PMCID: PMC5746010 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-017-0232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders that share genetic risk factors and pathological hallmarks. Intriguingly, these shared factors result in a high rate of comorbidity of these diseases in patients. Intracellular protein aggregates are a common pathological hallmark of both diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that impaired RNA processing and disrupted protein homeostasis are two major pathogenic pathways for these diseases. Indeed, recent evidence from genetic and cellular studies of the etiology and pathogenesis of ALS-FTD has suggested that defects in autophagy may underlie various aspects of these diseases. In this review, we discuss the link between genetic mutations, autophagy dysfunction, and the pathogenesis of ALS-FTD. Although dysfunction in a variety of cellular pathways can lead to these diseases, we provide evidence that ALS-FTD is, in many cases, an autophagy disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Deng
- Brain center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.,Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.,Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Patricia Sheehan
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Shi Chen
- Brain center, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China. .,Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, China.
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, The Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA.
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94
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Regulation of selective autophagy: the p62/SQSTM1 paradigm. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:609-624. [PMID: 29233872 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20170035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In selective autophagy, cytoplasmic components are selected and tagged before being sequestered into an autophagosome by means of selective autophagy receptors such as p62/SQSTM1. In this review, we discuss how selective autophagy is regulated. An important level of regulation is the selection of proteins or organelles for degradation. Components selected for degradation are tagged, often with ubiquitin, to facilitate recognition by autophagy receptors. Another level of regulation is represented by the autophagy receptors themselves. For p62, its ability to co-aggregate with ubiquitinated substrates is strongly induced by post-translational modifications (PTMs). The transcription of p62 is also markedly increased during conditions in which selective autophagy substrates accumulate. For other autophagy receptors, the LC3-interacting region (LIR) motif is regulated by PTMs, inhibiting or stimulating the interaction with ATG8 family proteins. ATG8 proteins are also regulated by PTMs. Regulation of the capacity of the core autophagy machinery also affects selective autophagy. Importantly, autophagy receptors can induce local recruitment and activation of ULK1/2 and PI3KC3 complexes at the site of cargo sequestration.
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95
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Functional analysis of Cullin 3 E3 ligases in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1869:11-28. [PMID: 29128526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cullin 3-RING ligases (CRL3) play pivotal roles in the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes, including neoplastic events. The substrate adaptors of CRL3 typically contain a BTB domain that mediates the interaction between Cullin 3 and target substrates to promote their ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. The biological implications of CRL3 adaptor proteins have been well described where they have been found to play a role as either an oncogene, tumor suppressor, or can mediate either of these effects in a context-dependent manner. Among the extensively studied CRL3-based E3 ligases, the role of the adaptor protein SPOP (speckle type BTB/POZ protein) in tumorigenesis appears to be tissue or cellular context dependent. Specifically, SPOP acts as a tumor suppressor via destabilizing downstream oncoproteins in many malignancies, especially in prostate cancer. However, SPOP has largely an oncogenic role in kidney cancer. Keap1, another well-characterized CRL3 adaptor protein, likely serves as a tumor suppressor within diverse malignancies, mainly due to its specific turnover of its downstream oncogenic substrate, NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). In accordance with the physiological role the various CRL3 adaptors exhibit, several pharmacological agents have been developed to disrupt its E3 ligase activity, therefore blocking its potential oncogenic activity to mitigate tumorigenesis.
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96
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Lou JS, Bi WC, Chan GKL, Jin Y, Wong CW, Zhou ZY, Wang HY, Yao P, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Ginkgetin induces autophagic cell death through p62/SQSTM1-mediated autolysosome formation and redox setting in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93131-93148. [PMID: 29190983 PMCID: PMC5696249 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Promoting cell death by autophagy could be a novel treatment for cancer. The major player in autophagy, p62, serves as a good therapeutic target. Ginkgetin, a biflavonoid from Ginkgo biloba leaves, exhibited promising anticancer activity in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, with an IC50 lower than that of cisplatin. This anticancer effect of ginkgetin was illustrated in a xenograft nude mouse model. Ginkgetin induced autophagic cell death in A549 cells, and this effect was markedly reversed by chemical and genetic approaches. Ginkgetin showed potential binding affinity to p62. Upregulation of p62 through chemical and genetic means decreased cell death, lysosome acidification, and autophagosome formation, which consequently disrupted autolysosome formation. In addition, the decreased autophagy induced by p62 overexpression increased Nrf2/ARE activity and the oxygen consumption rate and decreased on formation of reactive oxygen species. These phenomena were exhibited in a reciprocal manner when p62 was knocked down. Thus, p62 may be a potential target in ginkgetin-induced autophagic cell death, and ginkgetin could be developed as a novel anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Shu Lou
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wen-Chuan Bi
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gallant K L Chan
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Jin
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chau-Wing Wong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Zhou
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huai-You Wang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tina T X Dong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Karl W K Tsim
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
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97
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Lin Q, Dai Q, Meng H, Sun A, Wei J, Peng K, Childress C, Chen M, Shao G, Yang W. The HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 interacts with and ubiquitylates SQSTM1 for inclusion body autophagy. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3839-3850. [PMID: 29021346 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.207068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4 interacts with LC3 and is required for starvation and rapamycin-induced activation of autophagy. Here, we report that NEDD4 directly binds to SQSTM1 via its HECT domain and polyubiquitylates SQSTM1. This ubiquitylation is through K63 conjugation and is not involved in proteasomal degradation. Mutational analysis indicates that NEDD4 interacts with and ubiquitylates the PB1 domain of SQSTM1. Depletion of NEDD4 or overexpression of the ligase-defective mutant of NEDD4 induced accumulation of aberrant enlarged SQSTM1-positive inclusion bodies that are co-localized with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) marker CANX, suggesting that the ubiquitylation functions in the SQSTM1-mediated biogenic process in inclusion body autophagosomes. Taken together, our studies show that NEDD4 is an autophagic E3 ubiquitin ligase that ubiquitylates SQSTM1, facilitating SQSTM1-mediated inclusion body autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Lin
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Qian Dai
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Hongxia Meng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Aiqin Sun
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jing Wei
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ke Peng
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chandra Childress
- Department of Biology, Susquehanna University, 514 University Ave, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Genbao Shao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wannian Yang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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