51
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The association between HPV gene expression, inflammatory agents and cellular genes involved in EMT in lung cancer tissue. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:916. [PMID: 32972386 PMCID: PMC7517685 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several studies have suggested that Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an important risk factor in the development of lung cancer. In this study, we aim to address the role of HPV in the development of lung cancer mechanistically by examining the induction of inflammation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by this virus. METHODS In this case-control study, tissue samples were collected from 102 cases with lung cancer and 48 controls. We examined the presence of HPV DNA and also the viral genotype in positive samples. We also examined the expression of viral genes (E2, E6 and E7), anti-carcinogenic genes (p53, retinoblastoma (RB)), and inflammatory cytokines in HPV positive cases. RESULTS HPV DNA was detected in 52.9% (54/102) of the case samples and in 25% (12/48) of controls. A significant association was observed between a HPV positive status and lung cancer (OR = 3.37, 95% C.I = 1.58-7.22, P = 0.001). The most prevalent virus genotype in the patients was type 16 (38.8%). The expression of p53 and RB were decreased while and inflammatory cytokines were increased in HPV-positive lung cancer and HPV-positive control tissues compared to HPV-negative lung cancer and HPV-negative control tissues. Also, the expression level of E-cad and PTPN-13 genes were decreased in HPV- positive samples while the expression level of SLUG, TWIST and N-cad was increased in HPV-positive samples compared to negative samples. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that HPV infection drives the induction of inflammation and EMT which may promote in the development of lung cancer.
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Bockamp E, Rosigkeit S, Siegl D, Schuppan D. Nano-Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy: Immunology Encounters Nanotechnology. Cells 2020; 9:E2102. [PMID: 32942725 PMCID: PMC7565449 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy utilizes the immune system to fight cancer and has already moved from the laboratory to clinical application. However, and despite excellent therapeutic outcomes in some hematological and solid cancers, the regular clinical use of cancer immunotherapies reveals major limitations. These include the lack of effective immune therapy options for some cancer types, unresponsiveness to treatment by many patients, evolving therapy resistance, the inaccessible and immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and the risk of potentially life-threatening immune toxicities. Given the potential of nanotechnology to deliver, enhance, and fine-tune cancer immunotherapeutic agents, the combination of cancer immunotherapy with nanotechnology can overcome some of these limitations. In this review, we summarize innovative reports and novel strategies that successfully combine nanotechnology and cancer immunotherapy. We also provide insight into how nanoparticular combination therapies can be used to improve therapy responsiveness, to reduce unwanted toxicity, and to overcome adverse effects of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Bockamp
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rosigkeit
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dominik Siegl
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (E.B.); (S.R.); (D.S.)
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Auletta JJ, Adamson PC, Agin JE, Kearns P, Kennedy S, Kieran MW, Ludwinski DM, Knox LJ, McKay K, Rhiner P, Thiele CJ, Cripe TP. Pediatric cancer research: Surviving COVID-19. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28435. [PMID: 32558190 PMCID: PMC7323039 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A diverse panel of pediatric cancer advocates and experts, whose collective experience spans the continuum of international academic medicine, industry, government research, and cancer advocacy, recently discussed challenges for pediatric cancer research in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Specifically, this special report addresses the following focus areas: (a) the critical role that translational research has played in transforming pediatric cancer outcomes; (b) the current and potential future impact of COVID-19 on pediatric cancer research; (c) target areas of COVID-19 research that may have application in immunity, oncogenesis, and therapeutic discovery; and (d) future considerations and directions in maintaining pediatric cancer research during and after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery J. Auletta
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMTNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhio
- Divison of Infectious DiseasesNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhio
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhio
| | - Peter C. Adamson
- Oncology Development & Pediatric InnovationSanofiCambridgeMassachusetts
| | | | - Pamela Kearns
- European Society of Paediatric OncologyBrusselsBelgium
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials UnitNational Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreInstitute of Cancer and Genomic SciencesBirminghamUK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carol J. Thiele
- Pediatric Oncology BranchCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMaryland
| | - Timothy P. Cripe
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMTNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhio
- Department of PediatricsThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOhio
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer CenterColumbusOhio
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Jacqueline C, Parvy JP, Rollin ML, Faugère D, Renaud F, Missé D, Thomas F, Roche B. The role of innate immunity in the protection conferred by a bacterial infection against cancer: study of an invertebrate model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10106. [PMID: 32572049 PMCID: PMC7308315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All multicellular organisms are exposed to a diversity of infectious agents and to the emergence and proliferation of malignant cells. The protection conferred by some infections against cancer has been recently linked to the production of acquired immunity effectors such as antibodies. However, the evolution of innate immunity as a mechanism to prevent cancer and how it is jeopardized by infections remain poorly investigated. Here, we explored this question by performing experimental infections in two genetically modified invertebrate models (Drosophila melanogaster) that develop invasive or non-invasive neoplastic brain tumors. After quantifying tumor size and antimicrobial peptide gene expression, we found that Drosophila larvae infected with a naturally occurring bacterium had smaller tumors compared to controls and to fungus-infected larvae. This was associated with the upregulation of genes encoding two antimicrobial peptides-diptericin and drosomycin-that are known to be important mediators of tumor cell death. We further confirmed that tumor regression upon infection was associated with an increase in tumor cell death. Thus, our study suggests that infection could have a protective role through the production of antimicrobial peptides that increase tumor cell death. Finally, our study highlights the need to understand the role of innate immune effectors in the complex interactions between infections and cancer cell communities in order to develop innovative cancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacqueline
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Jean-Philippe Parvy
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Marie-Lou Rollin
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dominique Faugère
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - François Renaud
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dorothée Missé
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Benjamin Roche
- CREEC, MIVEGEC, UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
- International Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Complex Systems (UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO), 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143, Bondy Cedex, France
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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Patients infected with Mycobacterium africanum versus Mycobacterium tuberculosis possess distinct intestinal microbiota. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008230. [PMID: 32401750 PMCID: PMC7219701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), is composed of eight subspecies. TB in West Africa, in contrast to other geographical regions, is caused by Mycobacterium africanum (MAF) in addition to M. tuberculosis (MTB), with both infections presenting similar symptoms. Nevertheless, MAF is considered to be hypovirulent in comparison with MTB and less likely to progress to active disease. In this study, we asked whether MAF and MTB infected patients possess distinct intestinal microbiomes and characterized how these microbiota communities are affected by anti-tuberculosis therapy (ATT). Additionally, we assessed if the changes in microbiota composition following infection correlate with pathogen induced alterations in host blood-gene expression. Methods A longitudinal, clinical study of MAF infected, MTB infected patients assessed at diagnosis and two months after start of ATT, and healthy, endemic controls was conducted to compare compositions of the fecal microbiome as determined by 16S rRNA sequencing. A blood transcriptome analysis was also performed on a subset of subjects in each group by microarray and the results cross-compared with the same individual’s microbiota composition. Findings MAF participants have distinct microbiomes compared with MTB patients, displaying decreased diversity and increases in Enterobacteriaceae with respect to healthy participants not observed in the latter patient group. Interestingly, this observed elevation in Enterobacteriaceae positively correlated with enhanced inflammatory gene expression in peripheral blood and was reversed after initiation of ATT. Interpretation Our findings indicate that MAF and MTB have distinct associations with the gut microbiome that may be reflective of the differential susceptibility of West Africans to these two co-endemic infections either as biomarkers or as a contributing determinant. Mycobacterium africanum (MAF) is a hypovirulent mycobacterium species that is co-endemic with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in West Africa and is selectively responsible for up to half the tuberculosis cases in this region. Why some individuals become infected with MAF versus MTB is unclear but has been suggested to be determined by differential host immune competency. Since the microbiome has now been implicated in numerous studies to generally influence host resistance to disease, we investigated whether differences in the intestinal microbiota might associate with MAF as compared with MTB infection. This report presents the first analysis of the intestinal microbiome of MAF-infected subjects as well as a comparison with the microbiota of co-endemic MTB patients and reveals that the microbiota of individuals with MAF infection display both decreased diversity and distinct differences in microbial taxa when compared to both MTB-infected and healthy controls. Furthermore, our data reveal for the first time in TB patients a correlation between the abundance of certain taxa and host blood transcriptional changes related to immune function. Our study also establishes that antibiotic treatment induces parallel changes in the gut microbiota of MAF- and MTB-infected patients. Although not directly addressed in the present study, the findings presented here raise the possibility that the microbiota or other host physiologic or immune factors closely associated with it may be a factor underlying the differential susceptibility of West Africans to MAF infection. In addition, the data identify certain commensal taxa that could be tested in future studies as specific determinants of this association.
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Mostafaei S, Kazemnejad A, Norooznezhad AH, Mahaki B, Moghoofei M. Simultaneous Effects of Viral Factors of Human Papilloma Virus and Epstein-Barr Virus on Progression of Breast and Thyroid Cancers: Application of Structural Equation Modeling. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:1431-1439. [PMID: 32458652 PMCID: PMC7541891 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.5.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess effects of the sets of EBV and HPV expressed proteins simultaneously on the sets of cellular/inflammatory factors in breast and thyroid cancers using structural equation modeling. In this multi-center case-control study, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 83 breast and 57 thyroid specimens were collected from the eligible patients. In addition, 31 and 18 histopathological evaluated normal breast and thyroid samples were also examined as age-matched healthy controls. In addition, ELISA and Real-time PCR were used to measure the expression level of viral and cellular/inflammatory genes and proteins. Structural equation modeling was used to test the causal associations between the sets of EBV and HPV expressed proteins with inflammatory factors in breast and thyroid cancers development. Breast cancer patients had a higher incidence of HPV-positively and EBV-positively than healthy controls (OR=1.66, 95%CI=0.79-3.47, P-value=0.177), (OR=3.18, 95%CI=1.52-6.63, P-value=0.002), respectively. In addition, thyroid cancer patients had a significantly higher incidence of EBV-positivity than healthy controls (OR=3.72, 95% CI=1.65-8.36, P-value=0.001). After fitting the SEM model, HPV proteins factor has significant direct and total effects on the cellular/inflammatory factors in breast cancer (direct effect: β=0.426, P-value=0.01; total effect: β=0.549, P-value<0.001). However, EBV proteins factor has most significant total effect on the cellular/inflammatory factors in breast cancer (total effect: β=0.804, P-value<0.001) than the cellular/inflammatory factors in thyroid cancer (total effect: β=0.789, P-value<0.001). For the first time, a significant association between EBV and HPV -genes, anoikis resistance and the development of breast and thyroid cancers demonstrated by using SEM, Simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Mostafaei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Norooznezhad
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Behzad Mahaki
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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57
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Trung NT, Hai LT, Giang DP, Hoan PQ, Binh MT, Hoan NX, Toan NL, Meyer CG, Velavan TP, Bang MH, Song LH. No expression of HBV-human chimeric fusion transcript (HBx-LINE1) among Vietnamese patients with HBV-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Hepatol 2020; 18:404-405. [PMID: 31036498 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ngo Tat Trung
- Centre for Genetics Consultation and Cancer Screening, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam; Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam; Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam.
| | - Le Trung Hai
- Vietnamese Medical Service Corps, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Dao Phuong Giang
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam; Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam
| | - Phan Quoc Hoan
- Department of Molecular Biology, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam
| | - Mai Thanh Binh
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam; Faculty of Gastroenterology, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nghiem Xuan Hoan
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam; Institute for Clinical Infectious Diseases, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam; Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam; Department of Molecular Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Christian G Meyer
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Thirumalaisamy P Velavan
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Mai Hong Bang
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam; Faculty of Gastroenterology, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Le Huu Song
- Vietnamese-German Center for Medical Research, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam; Institute for Clinical Infectious Diseases, 108 Institute of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Viet Nam
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58
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Galluzzi L, Vitale I, Warren S, Adjemian S, Agostinis P, Martinez AB, Chan TA, Coukos G, Demaria S, Deutsch E, Draganov D, Edelson RL, Formenti SC, Fucikova J, Gabriele L, Gaipl US, Gameiro SR, Garg AD, Golden E, Han J, Harrington KJ, Hemminki A, Hodge JW, Hossain DMS, Illidge T, Karin M, Kaufman HL, Kepp O, Kroemer G, Lasarte JJ, Loi S, Lotze MT, Manic G, Merghoub T, Melcher AA, Mossman KL, Prosper F, Rekdal Ø, Rescigno M, Riganti C, Sistigu A, Smyth MJ, Spisek R, Stagg J, Strauss BE, Tang D, Tatsuno K, van Gool SW, Vandenabeele P, Yamazaki T, Zamarin D, Zitvogel L, Cesano A, Marincola FM. Consensus guidelines for the definition, detection and interpretation of immunogenic cell death. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000337. [PMID: 32209603 PMCID: PMC7064135 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 569] [Impact Index Per Article: 142.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells succumbing to stress via regulated cell death (RCD) can initiate an adaptive immune response associated with immunological memory, provided they display sufficient antigenicity and adjuvanticity. Moreover, multiple intracellular and microenvironmental features determine the propensity of RCD to drive adaptive immunity. Here, we provide an updated operational definition of immunogenic cell death (ICD), discuss the key factors that dictate the ability of dying cells to drive an adaptive immune response, summarize experimental assays that are currently available for the assessment of ICD in vitro and in vivo, and formulate guidelines for their interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Sarah Warren
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandy Adjemian
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuevn, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aitziber Buqué Martinez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - George Coukos
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Demaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Eric Deutsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- INSERM "Molecular Radiotherapy and therapeutic innovation", U1030 Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
- SIRIC SOCRATES, DHU Torino, Faculté de Medecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | | | - Richard L Edelson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Silvia C Formenti
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jitka Fucikova
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Gabriele
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sofia R Gameiro
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute/Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Cell Death Research & Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Encouse Golden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jian Han
- iRepertoire, Inc, Huntsville, Alabama, USA
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- The Royal Marsden Hospital/Institute of Cancer Research National Institute for Health Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James W Hodge
- Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Cancer Institute/Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Tim Illidge
- University of Manchester, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Karin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pathology, University of California at San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Howard L Kaufman
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Replimune, Inc, Woburn, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Juan Jose Lasarte
- Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sherene Loi
- Division of Research and Clinical Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael T Lotze
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO - IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, MSKCC, New York City, New York, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, MSKCC, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Felipe Prosper
- Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Øystein Rekdal
- Lytix Biopharma, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Rescigno
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
- Humanitas University, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center of Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- UOSD Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Radek Spisek
- Department of Immunology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
- Sotio, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - John Stagg
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec City, Canada
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec City, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kazuki Tatsuno
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (DBMB), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Dmitriy Zamarin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud/Paris Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT) 1428, Villejuif, France
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Mostafaei S, Keshavarz M, Sadri Nahand J, Farhadi Hassankiadeh R, Moradinazar M, Nouri M, Babaei F, Ahadi M, Payandeh M, Salari Esker A, Hajighadimi S, Mirzaei H, Moghoofei M. Viral infections and risk of thyroid cancer: A systematic review and empirical bayesian meta-analysis. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152855. [PMID: 32111443 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The associations between viruses and the cancer have been conducted in several studies while there has been no systematic review and meta-analysis about the association between viral infections and thyroid cancer (TC). Therefore, we investigated the association between viral infection and TC risk. METHODS Systematic search was done from 1994 to 2019 in Web of sciences (ISI), PubMed, and Scopus databases. Pooled logarithm of odds ratio (OR) and their corresponding 95 % confidence interval (CI) and pooled prevalence of viral infections were calculated to find the association between the viral infections and TC risk and overall prevalence of the viral infections in TC. RESULTS Twenty-three of 852 original articles were selected and included in the study. According to the results of the random effect meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of viral infections in the TC patients was 37 % (95 % C. I = 22 %-55 %). In addition, there was a significant association between viral infections (log (OR) = 1.51, 95 % credible interval = 0.68-2.39) and TC risk. The highest associations were observed between TC risk and Simian Vacuolating Virus 40 (SV40) and B19 infections, respectively. The lowest non-significant association was found between TC risk and Poliovirus type 1 infection. The significantly heterogeneity was observed between included studies (Q test: p-value<0.001; I2 = 73.82 %; τ2 = 1.08, 95 % Cr. I = 0.47-1.94). CONCLUSIONS Results clearly demonstrated the potential pathogenetic association between viral infections and increased risk of TC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Mostafaei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Moradinazar
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Majid Nouri
- Golestan Hospital Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ahadi
- Department of Biology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Payandeh
- Cancer Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Adel Salari Esker
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Hajighadimi
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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60
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Hanajiri R, Sani GM, Saunders D, Hanley PJ, Chopra A, Mallal SA, Sosnovtsev SV, Cohen JI, Green KY, Bollard CM, Keller MD. Generation of Norovirus-Specific T Cells From Human Donors With Extensive Cross-Reactivity to Variant Sequences: Implications for Immunotherapy. J Infect Dis 2020; 221:578-588. [PMID: 31562500 PMCID: PMC7325618 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic norovirus infection in immunocompromised patients can be severe, and presently there is no effective treatment. Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells has proven to be safe and effective for the treatment of many viral infections, and this could represent a novel treatment approach for chronic norovirus infection. Hence, we sought to generate human norovirus-specific T cells (NSTs) that can recognize different viral sequences. METHODS Norovirus-specific T cells were generated from peripheral blood of healthy donors by stimulation with overlapping peptide libraries spanning the entire coding sequence of the norovirus genome. RESULTS We successfully generated T cells targeting multiple norovirus antigens with a mean 4.2 ± 0.5-fold expansion after 10 days. Norovirus-specific T cells comprised both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that expressed markers for central memory and effector memory phenotype with minimal expression of coinhibitory molecules, and they were polyfunctional based on cytokine production. We identified novel CD4- and CD8-restricted immunodominant epitopes within NS6 and VP1 antigens. Furthermore, NSTs showed a high degree of cross-reactivity to multiple variant epitopes from clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings identify immunodominant human norovirus T-cell epitopes and demonstrate that it is feasible to generate potent NSTs from third-party donors for use in antiviral immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hanajiri
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Gelina M Sani
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Devin Saunders
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stanislav V Sosnovtsev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kim Y Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Michael D Keller
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- GW Cancer Center, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Valpione S, Galvani E, Tweedy J, Mundra PA, Banyard A, Middlehurst P, Barry J, Mills S, Salih Z, Weightman J, Gupta A, Gremel G, Baenke F, Dhomen N, Lorigan PC, Marais R. Immune-awakening revealed by peripheral T cell dynamics after one cycle of immunotherapy. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:210-221. [PMID: 32110781 PMCID: PMC7046489 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-019-0022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of how checkpoint inhibitors (CPI) affect T cell evolution is incomplete, limiting our ability to achieve full clinical benefit from these drugs. Here we analyzed peripheral T cell populations after one cycle of CPI and identified a dynamic awakening of the immune system revealed by T cell evolution in response to treatment. We sequenced T cell receptors (TCR) in plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and performed phenotypic analysis of peripheral T cell subsets from metastatic melanoma patients treated with CPI. We found that early peripheral T cell turnover and TCR repertoire dynamics identified which patients would respond to treatment. Additionally, the expansion of a subset of immune-effector peripheral T cells we call TIE cells correlated with response. These events are prognostic and occur within 3 weeks of starting immunotherapy, raising the potential for monitoring patients responses using minimally invasive liquid biopsies."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Valpione
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Elena Galvani
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Joshua Tweedy
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Piyushkumar A Mundra
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Antonia Banyard
- Advanced Imaging and Flow Cytometry, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Philippa Middlehurst
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Biobank, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jeff Barry
- Advanced Imaging and Flow Cytometry, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Sarah Mills
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre Biobank, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Zena Salih
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - John Weightman
- Molecular Biology Core Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | | | - Gabriela Gremel
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
- Boehringer Ingelheim, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Baenke
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Centre (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nathalie Dhomen
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK
| | | | - Richard Marais
- Molecular Oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park, UK.
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Regan-Komito D, Swann JW, Demetriou P, Cohen ES, Horwood NJ, Sansom SN, Griseri T. GM-CSF drives dysregulated hematopoietic stem cell activity and pathogenic extramedullary myelopoiesis in experimental spondyloarthritis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:155. [PMID: 31919358 PMCID: PMC6952438 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13853-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated hematopoiesis occurs in several chronic inflammatory diseases, but it remains unclear how hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) sense peripheral inflammation and contribute to tissue damage in arthritis. Here, we show the HSC gene expression program is biased toward myelopoiesis and differentiation skewed toward granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMP) during joint and intestinal inflammation in experimental spondyloarthritis (SpA). GM-CSF-receptor is increased on HSCs and multipotent progenitors, favoring a striking increase in myelopoiesis at the earliest hematopoietic stages. GMP accumulate in the BM in SpA and, unexpectedly, at extramedullary sites: in the inflamed joints and spleen. Furthermore, we show that GM-CSF promotes extramedullary myelopoiesis, tissue-toxic neutrophil accumulation in target organs, and GM-CSF prophylactic or therapeutic blockade substantially decreases SpA severity. Surprisingly, besides CD4+ T cells and innate lymphoid cells, mast cells are a source of GM-CSF in this model, and its pathogenic production is promoted by the alarmin IL-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Regan-Komito
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - James W Swann
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippos Demetriou
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - E Suzanne Cohen
- Biopharmaceutical Research Division, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicole J Horwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, James Watson Road, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Stephen N Sansom
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
| | - Thibault Griseri
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK.
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Development of a Highly Efficient Hybrid Peptide That Increases Immunomodulatory Activity Via the TLR4-Mediated Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20246161. [PMID: 31817671 PMCID: PMC6940896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunity is a defensive response that fights disease by identifying and destroying harmful substances or microbiological toxins. Several factors, including work-related stress, pollution, and immunosuppressive agents, contribute to low immunity and poor health. Native peptides, a new class of immunoregulatory agents, have the potential for treating immunodeficiencies, malignancies, and infections. However, the potential cytotoxicity and low immunoregulatory activity and stability of native peptides have prevented their development. Therefore, we designed three hybrid peptides (LTAa, LTAb, and LTAc) by combining a characteristic fragment of LL-37 with an active Tα1 center that included Tα1 (17-24), Tα1 (20-25), and Tα1 (20-27). The best hybrid peptide (LTAa), according to molecule docking and in vitro experiments, had improved immunoregulatory activity and stability with minimal cytotoxicity. We investigated the immunoregulatory effects and mechanisms of LTAa using a cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed murine model. LTAa effectively reversed immunosuppression by enhancing immune organ development, activating peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis, regulating T lymphocyte subsets, and increasing cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β) and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM) contents. The immunomodulatory effects of LTAa may be associated with binding to the TLR4/MD-2 complex and activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, LTAa could be an effective therapeutic agent for improving immune function.
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64
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Hanajiri R, Sani GM, Hanley PJ, Silveira CG, Kallas EG, Keller MD, Bollard CM. Generation of Zika virus-specific T cells from seropositive and virus-naïve donors for potential use as an autologous or "off-the-shelf" immunotherapeutic. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:840-855. [PMID: 31279695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can cause severe birth defects in newborns with no effective currently available treatment. Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells has proven to be safe and effective for the prevention or treatment of many viral infections, and could represent a novel treatment approach for patients with ZIKV infection. However, extending this strategy to the ZIKV setting has been hampered by limited data on immunogenic T-cell antigens within ZIKV. Hence, we have generated ZIKV-specific T cells and characterized the cellular immune responses against ZIKV antigens. METHODS T-cell products were generated from peripheral blood of ZIKV-exposed donors, ZIKV-naive adult donors and umbilical cord blood by stimulation with pentadecamer (15mer) overlapping peptide libraries spanning four ZIKV polyproteins (C, M, E and NS1) using a Good Manufacturing Practice-compliant protocol. RESULTS We successfully generated T cells targeting ZIKV antigens with clinically relevant numbers. The ex vivo-expanded T cells comprised both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that were able to produce Th1-polarized effector cytokines and kill ZIKV-infected HLA-matched monocytes, confirming functionality of this unique T-cell product as a potential "off-the-shelf" therapeutic. Epitope mapping using peptide arrays identified several novel HLA class I and class II-restricted epitopes within NS1 antigen, which is essential for viral replication and immune evasion. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that it is feasible to generate potent ZIKV-specific T cells from a variety of cell sources including virus naïve donors for future clinical use in an "off-the-shelf" setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hanajiri
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gelina M Sani
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cassia G Silveira
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Esper G Kallas
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael D Keller
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.
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65
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Batatinha HA, Biondo LA, Lira FS, Castell LM, Rosa-Neto JC. Nutrients, immune system, and exercise: Where will it take us? Nutrition 2019; 61:151-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Cao S, Wylie KM, Wyczalkowski MA, Karpova A, Ley J, Sun S, Mashl RJ, Liang WW, Wang X, Johnson K, DiPersio JF, Gay H, Ratner L, Chen F, Adkins DR, Ding L. Dynamic host immune response in virus-associated cancers. Commun Biol 2019; 2:109. [PMID: 30911684 PMCID: PMC6430765 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses drive carcinogenesis in human cancers through diverse mechanisms that have not been fully elucidated but include promoting immune escape. Here we investigated associations between virus-positivity and immune pathway alteration for 2009 tumors across six virus-related cancer types. Analysis revealed that for 3 of 72 human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) the HPV genome integrated in immune checkpoint genes PD-L1 or PD-L2, driving elevated expression in the corresponding gene. In addition to the previously described upregulation of the PD-1 immunosuppressive pathway in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive stomach tumors, we also observed upregulation of the PD-1 pathway in cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive tumors. Furthermore, we found signatures of T-cell and B-cell response in HPV-positive HNSC and EBV-positive stomach tumors and HPV-positive HNSC patients were associated with better survival when T-cell signals were detected. Our work reveals that viral infection may recruit immune effector cells, and upregulate PD-1 and CTLA-4 immunosuppressive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cao
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Kristine M. Wylie
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Matt A. Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Alla Karpova
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Jessica Ley
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Sam Sun
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - R. Jay Mashl
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Wen-Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kimberly Johnson
- Brown School Master of Public Health Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - John F. DiPersio
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Hiram Gay
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Lee Ratner
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Douglas R. Adkins
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63108 USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Tang J, Zhen H, Wang N, Yan Q, Jing H, Jiang Z. Curdlan oligosaccharides having higher immunostimulatory activity than curdlan in mice treated with cyclophosphamide. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 207:131-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Khodabandehlou N, Mostafaei S, Etemadi A, Ghasemi A, Payandeh M, Hadifar S, Norooznezhad AH, Kazemnejad A, Moghoofei M. Human papilloma virus and breast cancer: the role of inflammation and viral expressed proteins. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:61. [PMID: 30642295 PMCID: PMC6332859 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5286-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is currently the most common neoplasm diagnosed in women globally. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may play a key role in invasiveness of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of HPV in patients with breast cancer and its possible association with cancer progression. METHODS Breast specimens were collected from 72 patients with breast cancer and 31 healthy controls. The presence of HPV was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyping was performed for positive cases. We also evaluated the viral factors such as E6, E2, and E7 in HPV positive cases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA (and Real-time PCR techniques were used to measure the expression level of anti-carcinogenic genes, such as p53, retinoblastoma (RB), breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1, BRCA2) and inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB), and different interleukins [ILs] (IL-1,IL6, and IL-17). RESULTS The HPV DNA was detected in 48.6% of breast cancer samples, whereas only 16.1% of controls were positive for HPV. We observed statistically significant differences between breast cancer patients and HPV presence (P = 0.003). HPV type 18 was the most prevalent virus genotype in patients. The expression of P53, RB, BRCA1, and BRCA2 were decreased in patients with HPV-positive breast cancer as compared to HPV-negative breast cancer and healthy controls. (All P-values were less than 0.05). The presence of the HPV was associated with increased inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, TGF-β, TNF-α, and NF-kB) and tumor progression. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that HPV infection may implicate in the development of some types of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khodabandehlou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Etemadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Payandeh
- Cancer Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shima Hadifar
- Department of Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Sorkheh-Ligeh Blvd, P. O. Box: 6716777816, Kermanshah, Iran
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Rios A, Salazar GT, Zhang N, An Z. The 2018 Nobel Prize in Medicine for breakthroughs in targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors: a brief perspective. Antib Ther 2019; 2:40-43. [PMID: 33928220 PMCID: PMC7990146 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adan Rios
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Georgina To'a Salazar
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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71
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Moghoofei M, Mostafaei S, Nesaei A, Etemadi A, Sadri Nahand J, Mirzaei H, Rashidi B, Babaei F, Khodabandehlou N. Epstein-Barr virus and thyroid cancer: The role of viral expressed proteins. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3790-3799. [PMID: 30362517 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thyroid cancer is a common endocrine malignancy whose incidence has increased in recent years. Several internal and external risk factors are involved in the development of this cancer, such as infectious agents. Evidence supporting the role of viral infection as an etiology for the invasiveness of thyroid cancer is increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the association between viral gene products and thyroid tumor development. METHODS Fifty-seven thyroid cancer specimens were collected from the same number of patients as well as 18 samples from healthy controls. The presence of the EBV genome and the genotyping was examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time PCR were used to measure the expression levels of viral and cellular genes. RESULTS The EBV DNA was detected in 71.9% of the samples, and it was also found that the presence of the EBV was associated with increasing development of thyroid tumor. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that EBV infection may play a role in the development of thyroid tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shayan Mostafaei
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran.,Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nesaei
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Ashkan Etemadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashahd, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Farhad Babaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Niloofar Khodabandehlou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Di Virgilio F, Sarti AC, Falzoni S, De Marchi E, Adinolfi E. Extracellular ATP and P2 purinergic signalling in the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer 2018; 18:601-618. [PMID: 30006588 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-018-0037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of the biochemical composition of the tumour microenvironment is a new frontier of cancer therapy. Several immunosuppressive mechanisms operate in the milieu of most tumours, a condition that makes antitumour immunity ineffective. One of the most potent immunosuppressive factors is adenosine, which is generated in the tumour microenvironment owing to degradation of extracellular ATP. Accruing evidence over the past few years shows that ATP is one of the major biochemical constituents of the tumour microenvironment, where it acts at P2 purinergic receptors expressed on both tumour and host cells. Stimulation of P2 receptors has different effects depending on the extracellular ATP concentration, the P2 receptor subtype engaged and the target cell type. Among P2 receptors, the P2X purinergic receptor 7 (P2X7R) subtype appears to be a main player in host-tumour cell interactions. Preclinical studies in several tumour models have shown that P2X7R targeting is potentially a very effective anticancer treatment, and many pharmaceutical companies have now developed potent and selective small molecule inhibitors of P2X7R. In this Review, we report on the multiple mechanisms by which extracellular ATP shapes the tumour microenvironment and how its stimulation of host and tumour cell P2 receptors contributes to determining tumour fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Virgilio
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alba Clara Sarti
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena De Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elena Adinolfi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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73
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Alves JJP, De Medeiros Fernandes TAA, De Araújo JMG, Cobucci RNO, Lanza DCF, Bezerra FL, Andrade VS, Fernandes JV. Th17 response in patients with cervical cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:6215-6227. [PMID: 30405758 PMCID: PMC6202464 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main risk factor for uterine cervical cancer (UCC). However, viral infection alone is not sufficient for the development and progression of premalignant cervical lesions for cancer. In previous years it has been suggested that the adaptive immune response triggered by the differentiation of naïve helper T cells in Th17 cells may serve an important role in disease development. It has been hypothesized that Th17 cells may be involved in the promotion of UCC, as high levels of interleukin 17 (IL17) expression have been detected in the mucosa of the uterine cervix of patients affected by the disease. However, the role of Th17 cells in the tumor development and progression remains unclear. It is believed that the immune response of the Th17 type during persistent infection of the genital tract with HR-HPV triggers chronic inflammation with a long duration with the production of IL17 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, creating a favorable environment for tumor development. These cytokines are produced by immune system cells in addition to tumor cells and appear to function by modulating the host immune system, resulting in an immunosuppressive response as opposed to inducing an effective protective immune response, thus contributing to the growth and progression of the tumor. In the present review, the latest advances are presented about the function of Th17 cells and the cytokines produced by them in the development and progression of UCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayra Juliana Paiva Alves
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Fabiana Lima Bezerra
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - Vânia Sousa Andrade
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
| | - José Veríssimo Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil
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Sharma MD, Rodriguez PC, Koehn BH, Baban B, Cui Y, Guo G, Shimoda M, Pacholczyk R, Shi H, Lee EJ, Xu H, Johnson TS, He Y, Mergoub T, Venable C, Bronte V, Wolchok JD, Blazar BR, Munn DH. Activation of p53 in Immature Myeloid Precursor Cells Controls Differentiation into Ly6c +CD103 + Monocytic Antigen-Presenting Cells in Tumors. Immunity 2018; 48:91-106.e6. [PMID: 29343444 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CD103+ dendritic cells are critical for cross-presentation of tumor antigens. Here we have shown that during immunotherapy, large numbers of cells expressing CD103 arose in murine tumors via direct differentiation of Ly6c+ monocytic precursors. These Ly6c+CD103+ cells could derive from bone-marrow monocytic progenitors (cMoPs) or from peripheral cells present within the myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population. Differentiation was controlled by inflammation-induced activation of the transcription factor p53, which drove upregulation of Batf3 and acquisition of the Ly6c+CD103+ phenotype. Mice with a targeted deletion of p53 in myeloid cells selectively lost the Ly6c+CD103+ population and became unable to respond to multiple forms of immunotherapy and immunogenic chemotherapy. Conversely, increasing p53 expression using a p53-agonist drug caused a sustained increase in Ly6c+CD103+ cells in tumors during immunotherapy, which markedly enhanced the efficacy and duration of response. Thus, p53-driven differentiation of Ly6c+CD103+ monocytic cells represents a potent and previously unrecognized target for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav D Sharma
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Paulo C Rodriguez
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Brent H Koehn
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gang Guo
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Michiko Shimoda
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rafal Pacholczyk
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Huidong Shi
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Eun-Joon Lee
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Population Health Science, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Theodore S Johnson
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yukai He
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Taha Mergoub
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Program and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher Venable
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- University Hospital and Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Program and Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical School and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; and Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics and Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - David H Munn
- Georgia Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Efron PA, Mohr AM, Bihorac A, Horiguchi H, Hollen MK, Segal MS, Baker HV, Leeuwenburgh C, Moldawer LL, Moore FA, Brakenridge SC. Persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism and the development of chronic critical illness after surgery. Surgery 2018; 164:178-184. [PMID: 29807651 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As early as the 1990s, chronic critical illness, a distinct syndrome of persistent high-acuity illness requiring management in the ICU, was reported under a variety of descriptive terms including the "neuropathy of critical illness," "myopathy of critical illness," "ICU-acquired weakness," and most recently "post-intensive care unit syndrome." The widespread implementation of targeted shock resuscitation, improved organ support modalities, and evidence-based protocolized ICU care has resulted in significantly decreased in-hospital mortality within surgical ICUs, specifically by reducing early multiple organ failure deaths. However, a new phenotype of multiple organ failure has now emerged with persistent but manageable organ dysfunction, high resource utilization, and discharge to prolonged care facilities. This new multiple organ failure phenotype is now clinically associated with the rapidly increasing incidence of chronic critical illness in critically ill surgery patients. Although the underlying pathophysiology driving chronic critical illness remains incompletely described, the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome has been proposed as a mechanistic framework in which to explain the increased incidence of chronic critical illness in surgical ICUs. The purpose of this review is to provide a historic perspective of the epidemiologic evolution of multiple organ failure into persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome; describe the mechanism that drives and sustains chronic critical illness, and review the long-term outcomes of surgical patients who develop chronic critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville.
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Hiroyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - McKenzie K Hollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Mark S Segal
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Henry V Baker
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Institute on Aging and the Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainseville
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville
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Liu YX, Liu WJ, Zhang HR, Zhang ZW. Delivery of bevacizumab by intracranial injection: assessment in glioma model. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:2673-2683. [PMID: 29780259 PMCID: PMC5951223 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s159913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many reports have indicated that the intravenous administration of bevacizumab produces a number of systemic side effects. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effects of intratumoral bevacizumab administration using a glioma animal model. Methods The glioma cell lines U251 and U87 that carried luciferase were implanted into the brains of mice to develop glioma models. Glioma-bearing mice were treated with bevacizumab intravenously or intratumorally by Alzet micro-osmotic pumps, and the survival time of mice was monitored. Tumor volumes and location were observed by fluorescence imaging and histological analysis. Levels of microvessel marker, cancer stem cell marker as well as angiogenesis-, invasion-, and inflammation-related factors in tumors were examined by immunohistochemical staining. Results Mice treated with intratumoral low-dose bevacizumab had smaller tumor volumes, longer survival time, lower microvessel density, and fewer cancer stem cells as compared with untreated and intravenously treated mice. Furthermore, expression levels of inflammation-related factors increased signifiwhereas that of angiogenesis- and invasion-related factors decreased in intratumorally treated animals, compared with intravenously treated mice. Conclusion These results implied bevacizumab delivery by intratumoral injection via Alzet micro-osmotic pumps may be a more effective and safer protocol for treating gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jia Liu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Biological Engineering, HeNan University of Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Horiguchi H, Loftus TJ, Hawkins RB, Raymond SL, Stortz JA, Hollen MK, Weiss BP, Miller ES, Bihorac A, Larson SD, Mohr AM, Brakenridge SC, Tsujimoto H, Ueno H, Moore FA, Moldawer LL, Efron PA. Innate Immunity in the Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome and Its Implications for Therapy. Front Immunol 2018; 9:595. [PMID: 29670613 PMCID: PMC5893931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and technological advances promoting early hemorrhage control and physiologic resuscitation as well as early diagnosis and optimal treatment of sepsis have significantly decreased in-hospital mortality for many critically ill patient populations. However, a substantial proportion of severe trauma and sepsis survivors will develop protracted organ dysfunction termed chronic critical illness (CCI), defined as ≥14 days requiring intensive care unit (ICU) resources with ongoing organ dysfunction. A subset of CCI patients will develop the persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PICS), and these individuals are predisposed to a poor quality of life and indolent death. We propose that CCI and PICS after trauma or sepsis are the result of an inappropriate bone marrow response characterized by the generation of dysfunctional myeloid populations at the expense of lympho- and erythropoiesis. This review describes similarities among CCI/PICS phenotypes in sepsis, cancer, and aging and reviews the role of aberrant myelopoiesis in the pathophysiology of CCI and PICS. In addition, we characterize pathogen recognition, the interface between innate and adaptive immune systems, and therapeutic approaches including immune modulators, gut microbiota support, and nutritional and exercise therapy. Finally, we discuss the future of diagnostic and prognostic approaches guided by machine and deep-learning models trained and validated on big data to identify patients for whom these approaches will yield the greatest benefits. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of CCI and PICS and continued investigation into novel therapies harbor the potential to improve the current dismal long-term outcomes for critically ill post-injury and post-infection patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Horiguchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Tyler J Loftus
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Russell B Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Steven L Raymond
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Julie A Stortz
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - McKenzie K Hollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brett P Weiss
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Elizabeth S Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Azra Bihorac
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shawn D Larson
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alicia M Mohr
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Scott C Brakenridge
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hironori Tsujimoto
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Frederick A Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Salomon BL, Leclerc M, Tosello J, Ronin E, Piaggio E, Cohen JL. Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Regulatory T Cells in Oncoimmunology. Front Immunol 2018; 9:444. [PMID: 29593717 PMCID: PMC5857565 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that has deleterious effect in some autoimmune diseases, which led to the use of anti-TNF drugs in some of these diseases. However, some rare patients treated with these drugs paradoxically develop an aggravation of their disease or new onset autoimmunity, revealing an immunosuppressive facet of TNF. A possible mechanism of this observation is the direct and positive effect of TNF on regulatory T cells (Tregs) through its binding to the TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2). Indeed, TNF is able to increase expansion, stability, and possibly function of Tregs via TNFR2. In this review, we discuss the role of TNF in graft-versus-host disease as an example of the ambivalence of this cytokine in the pathophysiology of an immunopathology, highlighting the therapeutic potential of triggering TNFR2 to boost Treg expansion. We also describe new targets in immunotherapy of cancer, emphasizing on the putative suppressive effect of TNF in antitumor immunity and of the interest of blocking TNFR2 to regulate the Treg compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît L Salomon
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Leclerc
- Université Paris-Est and INSERM U955, Créteil, France.,Service d'Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie Cellulaire, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital H. Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Jimena Tosello
- Center of Cancer Immunotherapy and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 1428, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Ronin
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- Center of Cancer Immunotherapy and Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie 1428, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est and INSERM U955, Créteil, France.,Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Hôpital H. Mondor, Créteil, France
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Ranasinghe SL, McManus DP. Echinococcus granulosus: Cure for Cancer Revisited. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:60. [PMID: 29594121 PMCID: PMC5857532 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas a number of parasites are well recognized risk factors for a number of different cancers in mammalian hosts, there is limited information on the ability of parasitic organisms to induce anticancer effects. There are conflicting reports that echinococcosis, caused by the canine tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, can decrease or increase cancer risk. This review considers both indirect anticancer effects as the result of adaptive immunity generated against certain echinococcal antigens and the direct effect of molecules released by E. granulosus whose activity directly inhibits cancer cell migration and growth. In conclusion, E. granulosus probably secretes molecules that can be developed as anticancer therapeutics in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwanthi L Ranasinghe
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Immunology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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80
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Dolcino M, Pelosi A, Fiore PF, Patuzzo G, Tinazzi E, Lunardi C, Puccetti A. Gene Profiling in Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Reveals the Presence of Oncogenic Gene Signatures. Front Immunol 2018; 9:449. [PMID: 29559981 PMCID: PMC5845728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disease characterized by three pathogenetic hallmarks: vasculopathy, dysregulation of the immune system, and fibrosis. A particular feature of SSc is the increased frequency of some types of malignancies, namely breast, lung, and hematological malignancies. Moreover, SSc may also be a paraneoplastic disease, again indicating a strong link between cancer and scleroderma. The reason of this association is still unknown; therefore, we aimed at investigating whether particular genetic or epigenetic factors may play a role in promoting cancer development in patients with SSc and whether some features are shared by the two conditions. We therefore performed a gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from patients with limited and diffuse SSc, showing that the various classes of genes potentially linked to the pathogenesis of SSc (such as apoptosis, endothelial cell activation, extracellular matrix remodeling, immune response, and inflammation) include genes that directly participate in the development of malignancies or that are involved in pathways known to be associated with carcinogenesis. The transcriptional analysis was then complemented by a complex network analysis of modulated genes which further confirmed the presence of signaling pathways associated with carcinogenesis. Since epigenetic mechanisms, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of SSc, we also evaluated whether specific cancer-related miRNAs could be deregulated in the serum of SSc patients. We focused our attention on miRNAs already found upregulated in SSc such as miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, and on miR-155-5p, miR 126-3p and miR-16-5p known to be deregulated in malignancies associated to SSc, i.e., breast, lung, and hematological malignancies. miR-21-5p, miR-92a-3p, miR-155-5p, and miR-16-5p expression was significantly higher in SSc sera compared to healthy controls. Our findings indicate the presence of modulated genes and miRNAs that can play a predisposing role in the development of malignancies in SSc and are important for a better risk stratification of patients and for the identification of a better individualized precision medicine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Dolcino
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Pelosi
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Elisa Tinazzi
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Puccetti
- Immunology Area, Pediatric Hospital Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine - Section of Histology, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
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81
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Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression and Catabolism after Severe Injury or Infection. ANNUAL UPDATE IN INTENSIVE CARE AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2018 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73670-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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82
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Lulli D, Carbone ML, Pastore S. The MEK Inhibitors Trametinib and Cobimetinib Induce a Type I Interferon Response in Human Keratinocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102227. [PMID: 29064427 PMCID: PMC5666906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MEK) 1 and 2 have crucial roles in tumorigenesis, cell proliferation, and protection from apoptosis, and their inhibition is therefore an attractive therapeutic strategy in cancer. Orally available and highly selective MEK inhibitors have been developed and assessed in numerous clinical trials, either alone or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy and/or other targeted agents. Of note, a complex picture of class-specific adverse effects associates with these drugs, frequently including inflammatory skin rash. Here, we investigated the response of normal human keratinocytes to the MEK inhibitors trametinib and cobimetinib, alone and in combination with the v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) inhibitors dabrafenib and vemurafenib, in terms of signal transduction and de novo gene expression. MEK inhibitors triggered enhanced expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), and up-regulated the keratinocyte-specific type I interferon κ (IFN-κ), the anti-viral effectors interferon-induced tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 1 and 2, and the pro-inflammatory chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and the C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), both at the mRNA and protein level. Impairment of IRF1 expression, or abrogation of STAT1 phosphorylation due to IFN-κ gene silencing, suppressed anti-viral and pro-inflammatory gene expression. These data suggest that, similar to what we observed for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) blockade, MEK inhibition activates a type I interferon response, which is now recognized as an effective anti-cancer response, in human epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lulli
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Luigia Carbone
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
| | - Saveria Pastore
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, IRCCS, 00167 Rome, Italy.
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83
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Mohammed A, Biegert G, Adamec J, Helikar T. Identification of potential tissue-specific cancer biomarkers and development of cancer versus normal genomic classifiers. Oncotarget 2017; 8:85692-85715. [PMID: 29156751 PMCID: PMC5689641 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Machine learning techniques for cancer prediction and biomarker discovery can hasten cancer detection and significantly improve prognosis. Recent “OMICS” studies which include a variety of cancer and normal tissue samples along with machine learning approaches have the potential to further accelerate such discovery. To demonstrate this potential, 2,175 gene expression samples from nine tissue types were obtained to identify gene sets whose expression is characteristic of each cancer class. Using random forests classification and ten-fold cross-validation, we developed nine single-tissue classifiers, two multi-tissue cancer-versus-normal classifiers, and one multi-tissue normal classifier. Given a sample of a specified tissue type, the single-tissue models classified samples as cancer or normal with a testing accuracy between 85.29% and 100%. Given a sample of non-specific tissue type, the multi-tissue bi-class model classified the sample as cancer versus normal with a testing accuracy of 97.89%. Given a sample of non-specific tissue type, the multi-tissue multi-class model classified the sample as cancer versus normal and as a specific tissue type with a testing accuracy of 97.43%. Given a normal sample of any of the nine tissue types, the multi-tissue normal model classified the sample as a particular tissue type with a testing accuracy of 97.35%. The machine learning classifiers developed in this study identify potential cancer biomarkers with sensitivity and specificity that exceed those of existing biomarkers and pointed to pathways that are critical to tissue-specific tumor development. This study demonstrates the feasibility of predicting the tissue origin of carcinoma in the context of multiple cancer classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Greyson Biegert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Jiri Adamec
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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84
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Resistance and tolerance defenses in cancer: Lessons from infectious diseases. Semin Immunol 2017; 32:54-61. [PMID: 28865876 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Infectious disease and cancer are two maladies with multiple similarities. Both types of disease induce activation of the host immune response and induce pathologies that compromise host heath and survival. In infection biology, defense against pathogens can be broken down into two distinct components called resistance and tolerance. Resistance protects the host by killing pathogens. Tolerance protects the host by alleviating the pathology caused by the infection. The conceptual framework of resistance and tolerance, concepts explored during infectious disease, is applicable to cancer, a condition for which patient survival is dependent on tumor eradication (resistance) and the mitigation of pathologies that occur during disease (tolerance). Here, we propose that integration of the concept of disease tolerance into cancer studies will result in new therapies to complement current resistance-based treatment strategies to increase the likelihood of patient survival and to improve quality of life. Furthermore, by drawing parallels between infectious disease and cancer, we propose that host interactions with microbes could provide therapeutic insight for promoting tolerance defense and focus our discussion on cachexia, a pathology resulting in significant morbidity in cancer patients.
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85
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Chaudhry MS, Velardi E, Malard F, van den Brink MRM. Immune Reconstitution after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Time To T Up the Thymus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 198:40-46. [PMID: 27994167 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The success of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a key treatment for many disorders, is intertwined with T cell immune reconstitution. The thymus plays a key role post allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the generation of a broad but self-tolerant T cell repertoire, but it is exquisitely sensitive to a range of insults during the transplant period, including conditioning regimens, corticosteroids, infections, and graft-versus-host disease. Although endogenous thymic repair is possible it is often suboptimal, and there is a need to develop exogenous strategies to help regenerate the thymus. Therapies currently in clinical trials in the transplant setting include keratinocyte growth factor, cytokines (IL-7 and IL-22), and hormonal modulation including sex steroid inhibition and growth hormone administration. Such regenerative strategies may ultimately enable the thymus to play as prominent a role after transplant as it once did in early childhood, allowing a more complete restoration of the T cell compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Chaudhry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Enrico Velardi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Florent Malard
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Marcel R M van den Brink
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; .,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065; and.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021
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86
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Delano MJ, Ward PA. The immune system's role in sepsis progression, resolution, and long-term outcome. Immunol Rev 2017; 274:330-353. [PMID: 27782333 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 465] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis occurs when an infection exceeds local tissue containment and induces a series of dysregulated physiologic responses that result in organ dysfunction. A subset of patients with sepsis progress to septic shock, defined by profound circulatory, cellular, and metabolic abnormalities, and associated with a greater mortality. Historically, sepsis-induced organ dysfunction and lethality were attributed to the complex interplay between the initial inflammatory and later anti-inflammatory responses. With advances in intensive care medicine and goal-directed interventions, early 30-day sepsis mortality has diminished, only to steadily escalate long after "recovery" from acute events. As so many sepsis survivors succumb later to persistent, recurrent, nosocomial, and secondary infections, many investigators have turned their attention to the long-term sepsis-induced alterations in cellular immune function. Sepsis clearly alters the innate and adaptive immune responses for sustained periods of time after clinical recovery, with immune suppression, chronic inflammation, and persistence of bacterial representing such alterations. Understanding that sepsis-associated immune cell defects correlate with long-term mortality, more investigations have centered on the potential for immune modulatory therapy to improve long-term patient outcomes. These efforts are focused on more clearly defining and effectively reversing the persistent immune cell dysfunction associated with long-term sepsis mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Delano
- Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter A Ward
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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87
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Lum FM, Lin C, Susova OY, Teo TH, Fong SW, Mak TM, Lee LK, Chong CY, Lye DCB, Lin RTP, Merits A, Leo YS, Ng LFP. A Sensitive Method for Detecting Zika Virus Antigen in Patients' Whole-Blood Specimens as an Alternative Diagnostic Approach. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:182-190. [PMID: 28586426 PMCID: PMC5853302 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemics caused by the reemergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) warrant the need to develop new diagnostic measures to complement currently used detection methods. In this study, we explored the detection of ZIKV antigen in a defined leukocyte subset from patients' whole-blood specimens. Methods Whole-blood samples were obtained at the acute and early convalescent phases from ZIKV-infected patients during the Singapore outbreak in August-September 2016. Presence of ZIKV antigen was determined by flow cytometry staining for intracellular ZIKV NS3, using a ZIKV-specific polyclonal antibody. The presence of ZIKV antigen was determined in CD45+CD14+ monocytes. Results Data showed that ZIKV NS3 antigen could be detected in CD45+CD14+ monocytes. The levels of detection were further categorized into 3 groups: high (positivity among >40% of monocytes), moderate (positivity among 10%-40%), and low (positivity among <10%). While a majority of patients showed a decrease in the amount of ZIKV antigen detected at later time points, some patients displayed higher levels as the disease progressed. Conclusions Our data highlights an alternative approach in using flow cytometry as a sensitive method for detecting ZIKV antigen in whole blood. Importantly, it further confirms the role of CD14+ monocytes as an important cellular target for ZIKV infection during the viremic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fok-Moon Lum
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Cui Lin
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health
| | - Olga Y Susova
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow
| | - Teck-Hui Teo
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
| | - Siew-Wai Fong
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Department of Biological Science
| | - Tze-Minn Mak
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health
| | - Linda Kay Lee
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital
| | | | - David C B Lye
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital
| | | | - Andres Merits
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Yee-Sin Leo
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
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88
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Genomic Variations in Pancreatic Cancer and Potential Opportunities for Development of New Approaches for Diagnosis and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061201. [PMID: 28587243 PMCID: PMC5486024 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pancreatic cancer has a very poor prognosis with an overall five-year survival rate of less than 5% and an average median survival time of six months. This is largely due to metastatic disease, which is already present in the majority of patients when diagnosed. Although our understanding of the molecular events underlying multi-step carcinogenesis in pancreatic cancer has steadily increased, translation into more effective therapeutic approaches has been inefficient in recent decades. Therefore, it is imperative that novel and targeted approaches are designed to facilitate the early detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. Presently, there are numerous ongoing studies investigating the types of genomic variations in pancreatic cancer and their impact on tumor initiation and growth, as well as prognosis. This has led to the development of therapeutics to target these genetic variations for clinical benefit. Thus far, there have been minimal clinical successes directly targeting these genomic alterations; however research is ongoing to ultimately discover an innovative approach to tackle this devastating disease. This review will discuss the genomic variations in pancreatic cancer, and the resulting potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
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89
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Grohmann U, Mondanelli G, Belladonna ML, Orabona C, Pallotta MT, Iacono A, Puccetti P, Volpi C. Amino-acid sensing and degrading pathways in immune regulation. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2017; 35:37-45. [PMID: 28545736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenases (IDOs) - belonging in the heme dioxygenase family and degrading tryptophan - are responsible for the de novo synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). As such, they are expressed by a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate species. In mammals, IDO1 has remarkably evolved to expand its functions, so to become a prominent homeostatic regulator, capable of modulating infection and immunity in multiple ways, including local tryptophan deprivation, production of biologically active tryptophan catabolites, and non-enzymatic cell-signaling activity. Much like IDO1, arginase 1 (Arg1) is an immunoregulatory enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of arginine. Here, we discuss the possible role of amino-acid degradation as related to the evolution of the immune systems and how the functions of those enzymes are linked by an entwined pathway selected by phylogenesis to meet the newly arising needs imposed by an evolving environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria L Belladonna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria T Pallotta
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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90
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Effects of Chlorella vulgaris on tumor growth in mammary tumor-bearing Balb/c mice: discussing association of an immune-suppressed protumor microenvironment with serum IFNγ and IgG decrease and spleen IgG potentiation. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1025-1044. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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91
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Mondanelli G, Bianchi R, Pallotta MT, Orabona C, Albini E, Iacono A, Belladonna ML, Vacca C, Fallarino F, Macchiarulo A, Ugel S, Bronte V, Gevi F, Zolla L, Verhaar A, Peppelenbosch M, Mazza EMC, Bicciato S, Laouar Y, Santambrogio L, Puccetti P, Volpi C, Grohmann U. A Relay Pathway between Arginine and Tryptophan Metabolism Confers Immunosuppressive Properties on Dendritic Cells. Immunity 2017; 46:233-244. [PMID: 28214225 PMCID: PMC5337620 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arginase 1 (Arg1) and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) are immunoregulatory enzymes catalyzing the degradation of l-arginine and l-tryptophan, respectively, resulting in local amino acid deprivation. In addition, unlike Arg1, IDO1 is also endowed with non-enzymatic signaling activity in dendritic cells (DCs). Despite considerable knowledge of their individual biology, no integrated functions of Arg1 and IDO1 have been reported yet. We found that IDO1 phosphorylation and consequent activation of IDO1 signaling in DCs was strictly dependent on prior expression of Arg1 and Arg1-dependent production of polyamines. Polyamines, either produced by DCs or released by bystander Arg1+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells, conditioned DCs toward an IDO1-dependent, immunosuppressive phenotype via activation of the Src kinase, which has IDO1-phosphorylating activity. Thus our data indicate that Arg1 and IDO1 are linked by an entwined pathway in immunometabolism and that their joint modulation could represent an important target for effective immunotherapy in several disease settings. Dendritic cells (DCs) can co-express Arg1 and IDO1 immunosuppressive enzymes Arg1 activity is required for IDO1 induction by TGF-β in DCs Spermidine, a downstream Arg1 product, but not arginine starvation, induces IDO1 in DCs Arg1+ myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can render DCs immunosuppressive via IDO1
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Mondanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberta Bianchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ciriana Orabona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Albini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberta Iacono
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Vacca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fallarino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Macchiarulo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bronte
- Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Gevi
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lello Zolla
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Auke Verhaar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maikel Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3015 CE Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Silvio Bicciato
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Yasmina Laouar
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5620, US
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, US
| | - Paolo Puccetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudia Volpi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Ursula Grohmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy.
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92
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Williams JB, Horton BL, Zheng Y, Duan Y, Powell JD, Gajewski TF. The EGR2 targets LAG-3 and 4-1BB describe and regulate dysfunctional antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment. J Exp Med 2017; 214:381-400. [PMID: 28115575 PMCID: PMC5294847 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) indicates an endogenous antitumor response, immune regulatory pathways can subvert the effector phase and enable tumor escape. Negative regulatory pathways include extrinsic suppression mechanisms, but also a T cell-intrinsic dysfunctional state. A more detailed study has been hampered by a lack of cell surface markers defining tumor-specific dysfunctional TILs, and PD-1 alone is not sufficient. Recently, we identified the transcription factor Egr2 as a critical component in controlling the anergic state in vitro. In this study, we show that the Egr2-driven cell surface proteins LAG-3 and 4-1BB can identify dysfunctional tumor antigen-specific CD8+ TIL. Co-expression of 4-1BB and LAG-3 was seen on a majority of CD8+ TILs, but not in lymphoid organs. Functional analysis revealed defective IL-2 and TNF production yet retained expression of IFN-γ and regulatory T cell-recruiting chemokines. Transcriptional and phenotypic characterization revealed coexpression of multiple additional co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors. Administration of anti-LAG-3 plus anti-4-1BB mAbs was therapeutic against tumors in vivo, which correlated with phenotypic normalization. Our results indicate that coexpression of LAG-3 and 4-1BB characterize dysfunctional T cells within tumors, and that targeting these receptors has therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Williams
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Brendan L Horton
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yan Zheng
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yukan Duan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231
| | - Thomas F Gajewski
- Departments of Pathology, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
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93
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Miyahira AK, Roychowdhury S, Goswami S, Ippolito JE, Priceman SJ, Pritchard CC, Sfanos KS, Subudhi SK, Simons JW, Pienta KJ, Soule HR. Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer; Report From the 2016 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy Meeting. Prostate 2017; 77:123-144. [PMID: 27679977 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2016 Coffey-Holden Prostate Cancer Academy (CHPCA) Meeting, "Beyond Seed and Soil: Understanding and Targeting Metastatic Prostate Cancer," was held from June 23 to June 26, 2016, in Coronado, California. METHODS For the 4th year in a row, the Prostate Cancer Foundation (PCF) hosted the CHPCA Meeting, a think tank-structured scientific conference, which focuses on a specific topic of critical unmet need on the biology and treatment of advanced prostate cancer. The 2016 CHPCA Meeting was attended by 71 investigators from prostate cancer and other fields, who discussed the biology, study methodologies, treatment strategies, and critical unmet needs concerning metastatic prostate cancer, with the ultimate goal of advancing strategies to treat and eliminate this disease. RESULTS The major topics of discussion included: the molecular landscape and molecular heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer, the role of the metastatic microenvironment, optimizing immunotherapy in metastatic prostate cancer, learning from exceptional responders and non-responders, targeting DNA repair deficiency in advanced prostate cancer, developing and applying novel biomarkers and imaging techniques, and potential roles for the microbiome in prostate cancer. DISCUSSION This article reviews the topics presented and discussions held at the CHPCA Meeting, with a focus on the unknowns and next steps needed to advance our understanding of the biology and most effective treatment strategies for metastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 77:123-144, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameek Roychowdhury
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ohio State University, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sangeeta Goswami
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph E Ippolito
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Saul J Priceman
- Departments of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, and Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California
| | - Colin C Pritchard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sumit K Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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94
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Gorjifard S, Goldszmid RS. Microbiota-myeloid cell crosstalk beyond the gut. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:865-879. [PMID: 27605211 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3ri0516-222r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota is a complex and dynamic microbial ecosystem that plays a fundamental role in host physiology. Locally, the gut commensal microbes/host symbiotic relationship is vital for barrier fortification, nutrient absorption, resistance against intestinal pathogens, and the development and maintenance of the mucosal immune system. It is now clear that the effects of the indigenous intestinal flora extend beyond the gut, ranging from shaping systemic immune responses to metabolic and behavioral functions. However, the underlying mechanisms of the gut microbiota/systemic immune system interactions remain largely unknown. Myeloid cells respond to microbial signals, including those derived from commensals, and initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. In this review, we focus on the impact of the gut microbiota on myeloid cells at extraintestinal sites. In particular, we discuss how commensal-derived signals affect steady-state myelopoiesis and cellular function and how that influences the response to infection and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Gorjifard
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Romina S Goldszmid
- Inflammatory Cell Dynamics Section, Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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95
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Lykins J, Wang K, Wheeler K, Clouser F, Dixon A, El Bissati K, Zhou Y, Lyttle C, Rzhetsky A, McLeod R. Understanding Toxoplasmosis in the United States Through "Large Data" Analyses. Clin Infect Dis 2016; 63:468-75. [PMID: 27353665 PMCID: PMC4967610 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxoplasma gondii infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality in the United States, and infects approximately one-third of persons globally. Clinical manifestations vary. Seropositivity is associated with neurologic diseases and malignancies. There are few objective data concerning US incidence and distribution of toxoplasmosis. METHODS Truven Health MarketScan Database and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes, including treatment specific to toxoplasmosis, identified patients with this disease. Spatiotemporal distribution and patterns of disease manifestation were analyzed. Comorbidities between patients and matched controls were compared. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2012, 9260 patients had ICD-9 codes for toxoplasmosis. This database of patients with ICD-9 codes includes 15% of those in the United States, excluding patients with no or public insurance. Thus, assuming that demographics do not change incidence, the calculated total is 61 700 or 6856 patients per year. Disease was more prevalent in the South. Mean age at diagnosis was 37.5 ± 15.5 years; 2.4% were children aged 0-2 years, likely congenitally infected. Forty-one percent were male, and 73% of women were of reproductive age. Of identified patients, 38% had eye disease and 12% presented with other serious manifestations, including central nervous system and visceral organ damage. Toxoplasmosis was statistically associated with substantial comorbidities, including human immunodeficiency virus, autoimmune diseases, and neurologic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Toxoplasmosis causes morbidity and mortality in the United States. Our analysis of private insurance records missed certain at-risk populations and revealed fewer cases of retinal disease than previously estimated, suggesting undercoding, underreporting, undertreating, or differing demographics of those with eye disease. Mandatory reporting of infection to health departments and gestational screening could improve care and facilitate detection of epidemics and, thereby, public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kanix Wang
- Committee on Genetics, Genomics, and Systems Biology
| | | | | | | | | | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences
| | | | - Andrey Rzhetsky
- Department of Medicine Department of Human Genetics Computation Institute
| | - Rima McLeod
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Department of Pediatrics (Infectious Diseases), Institute of Genomics, Genetics, and Systems Biology, Global Health Center, Toxoplasmosis Center, CHeSS, The College, University of Chicago, Illinois
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96
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Kitahata Y, Kanuma T, Hayashi M, Kobayashi N, Ozasa K, Kusakabe T, Temizoz B, Kuroda E, Yamaue H, Coban C, Yamamoto T, Kobiyama K, Aoshi T, Ishii KJ. Circulating nano-particulate TLR9 agonist scouts out tumor microenvironment to release immunogenic dead tumor cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:48860-48869. [PMID: 27384490 PMCID: PMC5226476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggest that a β-glucan derived from mushroom Schizophyllan(SPG) complexed with a humanized TLR9 agonistic CpG DNA, K3 (K3-SPG) is a promising vaccine adjuvant that induces robust CD8 T cell responses to co-administered antigen. However, it has not been investigated whether K3-SPG alone can act as an anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agent or not. Here, we demonstrate that intravenous injection of K3-SPG, but not CpG alone, is accumulated in the tumor microenvironment and triggered immunogenic cell death (ICD) of tumor cells by local induction of type-I interferon (IFN) as well as IL-12. Resultant innate immune activation as well as subsequent tumor-specific CD8 T cell responses were contributed the tumor growth suppression. This anti-tumor effect of K3-SPG monotherapy was also confirmed by using various tumor models including pancreatic cancer peritoneal dissemination model. Taken together, nano-particulate TLR9 agonist injected intravenously can scout out tumor microenvironment to provoke local innate immune activation and release dead tumor cells into circulation that may induce broader and protective tumor antigen-specific CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kitahata
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kanuma
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hayashi
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Kobayashi
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Ozasa
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takato Kusakabe
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Burcu Temizoz
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsushi Kuroda
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaue
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Cevayir Coban
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiki Aoshi
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- Labotatory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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97
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Kouidhi S, Noman MZ, Kieda C, Elgaaied AB, Chouaib S. Intrinsic and Tumor Microenvironment-Induced Metabolism Adaptations of T Cells and Impact on Their Differentiation and Function. Front Immunol 2016; 7:114. [PMID: 27066006 PMCID: PMC4810024 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that the immune system and metabolism are highly integrated. In this context, multilevel interactions between metabolic system and T lymphocyte signaling and fate exist. This review will discuss different potential cell metabolism pathways involved in shaping T lymphocyte function and differentiation. We will also provide a general framework for understanding how tumor microenvironmental metabolism, associated with hypoxic stress, interferes with T-cell priming and expansion. How T-cell metabolism drives T-cell-mediated immunity and how the manipulation of metabolic programing for therapeutic purposes will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Kouidhi
- Laboratory BVBGR, LR11ES31, ISBST, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, Tunis, Tunisia; Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Muhammad Zaeem Noman
- Laboratory «Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology» Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1186, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Claudine Kieda
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR 4301 , Orléans , France
| | - Amel Benammar Elgaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology and Human Pathology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar , Tunis , Tunisia
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Laboratory «Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology» Equipe Labellisée LIGUE 2015, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) UMR1186, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Gustave Roussy, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
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98
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Exploratory studies of the potential anti-cancer effects of creatine. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1993-2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2180-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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99
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Leitner NR, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Strobl B, Müller M. Tyrosine kinase 2 - Surveillant of tumours and bona fide oncogene. Cytokine 2015; 89:209-218. [PMID: 26631911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family, which transduces cytokine and growth factor signalling. Analysis of TYK2 loss-of-function revealed its important role in immunity to infection, (auto-) immunity and (auto-) inflammation. TYK2-deficient patients unravelled high similarity between mice and men with respect to cellular signalling functions and basic immunology. Genome-wide association studies link TYK2 to several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases as well as carcinogenesis. Due to its cytokine signalling functions TYK2 was found to be essential in tumour surveillance. Lately TYK2 activating mutants and fusion proteins were detected in patients diagnosed with leukaemic diseases suggesting that TYK2 is a potent oncogene. Here we review the cell intrinsic and extrinsic functions of TYK2 in the characteristics preventing and enabling carcinogenesis. In addition we describe an unexpected function of kinase-inactive TYK2 in tumour rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Leitner
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
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100
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Abedin-Do A, Taherian-Esfahani Z, Ghafouri-Fard S, Ghafouri-Fard S, Motevaseli E. Immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus strains: emphasis on their effects on cancer cells. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:1307-29. [PMID: 26595390 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli are a group of normal microbiota whose immunomodulatory effects have been known for a long time. Recently, they have gained more attention for their direct and indirect effects on cancer cells. Several cell line experiments, animal model studies as well as clinical trials have indicated their inhibitory effects on cancer initiation and progression. Different lactobacilli strains could modulate innate and adoptive immune system. Such effects have been documented in modulation of function of T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages as well as cytokine production. In this review, the various immunomodulatory effects of lactobacilli on tumor cells as well as their direct cytotoxic effects on cancer cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Abedin-Do
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Zahra Taherian-Esfahani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Elahe Motevaseli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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