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Gallea C, Popa T, García-Lorenzo D, Valabregue R, Legrand AP, Marais L, Degos B, Hubsch C, Fernández-Vidal S, Bardinet E, Roze E, Lehéricy S, Vidailhet M, Meunier S. Intrinsic signature of essential tremor in the cerebello-frontal network. Brain 2015; 138:2920-33. [PMID: 26115677 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor is a movement disorder characterized by tremor during voluntary movements, mainly affecting the upper limbs. The cerebellum and its connections to the cortex are known to be involved in essential tremor, but no task-free intrinsic signatures of tremor related to structural cerebellar defects have so far been found in the cortical motor network. Here we used voxel-based morphometry, tractography and resting-state functional MRI at 3 T to compare structural and functional features in 19 patients with essential tremor and homogeneous symptoms in the upper limbs, and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Both structural and functional abnormalities were found in the patients' cerebellum and supplementary motor area. Relative to the healthy controls, the essential tremor patients' cerebellum exhibited less grey matter in lobule VIII and less effective connectivity between each cerebellar cortex and the ipsilateral dentate nucleus. The patient's supplementary motor area exhibited (i) more grey matter; (ii) a lower amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation of the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal; (iii) less effective connectivity between each supplementary motor area and the ipsilateral primary motor hand area, and (iv) a higher probability of connection between supplementary motor area fibres and the spinal cord. Structural and functional changes in the supplementary motor area, but not in the cerebellum, correlated with clinical severity. In addition, changes in the cerebellum and supplementary motor area were interrelated, as shown by a correlation between the lower amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in the supplementary motor area and grey matter loss in the cerebellum. The structural and functional changes observed in the supplementary motor area might thus be a direct consequence of cerebellar defects: the supplementary motor area would attempt to reduce tremor in the motor output by reducing its communication with M1 hand areas and by directly modulating motor output via its corticospinal projections.See Raethjen and Muthuraman (doi:10.1093/brain/awv238) for a scientific commentary on this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gallea
- 1 Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France
| | - Traian Popa
- 1 Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France
| | - Daniel García-Lorenzo
- 1 Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France
| | - Romain Valabregue
- 1 Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France
| | | | - Lea Marais
- 1 Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Degos
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France 6 AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Cecile Hubsch
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France 6 AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Sara Fernández-Vidal
- 1 Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France
| | - Eric Bardinet
- 1 Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Roze
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France 6 AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- 1 Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France 7 AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Neuroradiologie, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France 6 AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Département de Neurologie, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Meunier
- 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, Paris, France 3 CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France 4 Inserm, U 1127, Paris, France
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Ghosh A, Rothwell J, Haggard P. Using voluntary motor commands to inhibit involuntary arm movements. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20141139. [PMID: 25253453 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of voluntary motor control is the ability to stop an ongoing movement. Is voluntary motor inhibition a general neural mechanism that can be focused on any movement, including involuntary movements, or is it mere termination of a positive voluntary motor command? The involuntary arm lift, or 'floating arm trick', is a distinctive long-lasting reflex of the deltoid muscle. We investigated how a voluntary motor network inhibits this form of involuntary motor control. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex during the floating arm trick produced a silent period in the reflexively contracting deltoid muscle, followed by a rebound of muscle activity. This pattern suggests a persistent generator of involuntary motor commands. Instructions to bring the arm down voluntarily reduced activity of deltoid muscle. When this voluntary effort was withdrawn, the involuntary arm lift resumed. Further, voluntary motor inhibition produced a strange illusion of physical resistance to bringing the arm down, as if ongoing involuntarily generated commands were located in a 'sensory blind-spot', inaccessible to conscious perception. Our results suggest that voluntary motor inhibition may be a specific neural function, distinct from absence of positive voluntary motor commands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arko Ghosh
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John Rothwell
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick Haggard
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK
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Tabu H, Aso T, Matsuhashi M, Ueki Y, Takahashi R, Fukuyama H, Shibasaki H, Mima T. Parkinson's disease patients showed delayed awareness of motor intention. Neurosci Res 2015; 95:74-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Kunieda T, Yamao Y, Kikuchi T, Matsumoto R. New Approach for Exploring Cerebral Functional Connectivity: Review of Cortico-cortical Evoked Potential. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2015; 55:374-82. [PMID: 25925755 PMCID: PMC4628165 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.ra.2014-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a paradigm shift in the understanding of brain function. The intrinsic architecture of neuronal connections forms a key component of the cortical organization in our brain. Many imaging studies, such as noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, have now enabled visualization of the white matter fiber tracts interconnecting the functional cortical areas in the living brain. Although such a structural connectome is essential for understanding of cortical function, the anatomical information alone is not sufficient. Practically, few techniques allow the investigation of the excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms of the cortex in vivo in humans. Several attempts have been made to track neuronal connectivity by applying direct electrical stimuli to the brain in order to stimulate subdural and/or depth electrodes and record responses from the functionally connected cortex. In vivo single-pulse electrical stimulation (SPES) and/or cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP) were recently introduced to track various brain networks. This article reviews the concepts, significance, methods, mechanisms, limitations, and clinical applications of CCEP in the analysis of these dynamic connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeharu Kunieda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine
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Lee SA, Lee SH, Jung BK. Analysis of cortical activation during three types of therapeutic activity. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:1219-22. [PMID: 25995593 PMCID: PMC4434014 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.1219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The objective of this study was to investigate changes from resting of the evoked cortical activity when participants performed three levels of therapeutic activities. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-five students participated in this study. Changes in the amplitude of 16 pairs of evoked potentials were compared for three different activities: adjunctive, enabling, and purposeful. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. [Results] Significant differences were found among the selected three activities for the Alpha 1 waveform. The complexity hierarchy was confirmed by descriptive statistics, as well as analyses of the three brain regions: central position (motor) Beta 1; parietal lobes, Beta 2, and occipital lobes, Alpha 1. In each instance, purposeful activity was confirmed as the most complex activity, followed by enabling, and then adjunctive. [Conclusion] This study will provide rehabilitation professionals with valuable information regarding what type of activity they should choose for a correct level of therapeutic challenge when they work with patients to plan meaningful interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-A Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical
Science, Soonchunhyang University, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Lee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical
Science, Soonchunhyang University, Republic
of Korea
| | - Bong-Keun Jung
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medical
Science, Soonchunhyang University, Republic
of Korea
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56
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Bauer R, Fels M, Vukelić M, Ziemann U, Gharabaghi A. Bridging the gap between motor imagery and motor execution with a brain–robot interface. Neuroimage 2015; 108:319-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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Picazio S, Veniero D, Ponzo V, Caltagirone C, Gross J, Thut G, Koch G. Prefrontal control over motor cortex cycles at beta frequency during movement inhibition. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2940-5. [PMID: 25484293 PMCID: PMC4274313 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A fully adapted behavior requires maximum efficiency to inhibit processes in the motor domain [1]. Although a number of cortical and subcortical brain regions have been implicated, converging evidence suggests that activation of right inferior frontal gyrus (r-IFG) and right presupplementary motor area (r-preSMA) is crucial for successful response inhibition [2, 3]. However, it is still unknown how these prefrontal areas convey the necessary signal to the primary motor cortex (M1), the cortical site where the final motor plan eventually has to be inhibited or executed. On the basis of the widely accepted view that brain oscillations are fundamental for communication between neuronal network elements [4–6], one would predict that the transmission of these inhibitory signals within the prefrontal-central networks (i.e., r-IFG/M1 and/or r-preSMA/M1) is realized in rapid, periodic bursts coinciding with oscillatory brain activity at a distinct frequency. However, the dynamics of corticocortical effective connectivity has never been directly tested on such timescales. By using double-coil transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) [7, 8], we assessed instantaneous prefrontal-to-motor cortex connectivity in a Go/NoGo paradigm as a function of delay from (Go/NoGo) cue onset. In NoGo trials only, the effects of a conditioning prefrontal TMS pulse on motor cortex excitability cycled at beta frequency, coinciding with a frontocentral beta signature in EEG. This establishes, for the first time, a tight link between effective cortical connectivity and related cortical oscillatory activity, leading to the conclusion that endogenous (top-down) inhibitory motor signals are transmitted in beta bursts in large-scale cortical networks for inhibitory motor control. r-IFG/l-M1 and r-preSMA/l-M1 connectivity increases during NoGo trials Motor inhibitory signals are transmitted cortically in beta bursts Effective connectivity is linked to beta oscillatory activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Picazio
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology Department, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Domenica Veniero
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology Department, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00179, Italy; Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK
| | - Viviana Ponzo
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology Department, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00179, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology Department, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00179, Italy; Department of System Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Joachim Gross
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK
| | - Gregor Thut
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Clinical and Behavioral Neurology Department, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome 00179, Italy; Stroke Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Policlinic Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy.
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58
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Kim IH, Kim JW, Haufe S, Lee SW. Detection of braking intention in diverse situations during simulated driving based on EEG feature combination. J Neural Eng 2014; 12:016001. [PMID: 25426805 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/12/1/016001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We developed a simulated driving environment for studying neural correlates of emergency braking in diversified driving situations. We further investigated to what extent these neural correlates can be used to detect a participant's braking intention prior to the behavioral response. APPROACH We measured electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic signals during simulated driving. Fifteen participants drove a virtual vehicle and were exposed to several kinds of traffic situations in a simulator system, while EEG signals were measured. After that, we extracted characteristic features to categorize whether the driver intended to brake or not. MAIN RESULTS Our system shows excellent detection performance in a broad range of possible emergency situations. In particular, we were able to distinguish three different kinds of emergency situations (sudden stop of a preceding vehicle, sudden cutting-in of a vehicle from the side and unexpected appearance of a pedestrian) from non-emergency (soft) braking situations, as well as from situations in which no braking was required, but the sensory stimulation was similar to stimulations inducing an emergency situation (e.g., the sudden stop of a vehicle on a neighboring lane). SIGNIFICANCE We proposed a novel feature combination comprising movement-related potentials such as the readiness potential, event-related desynchronization features besides the event-related potentials (ERP) features used in a previous study. The performance of predicting braking intention based on our proposed feature combination was superior compared to using only ERP features. Our study suggests that emergency situations are characterized by specific neural patterns of sensory perception and processing, as well as motor preparation and execution, which can be utilized by neurotechnology based braking assistance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Hwa Kim
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-ku, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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59
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Boenstrup M, Feldheim J, Heise K, Gerloff C, Hummel FC. The control of complex finger movements by directional information flow between mesial frontocentral areas and the primary motor cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2888-97. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Boenstrup
- BrainImaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory; Department of Neurology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; 20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - J. Feldheim
- BrainImaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory; Department of Neurology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; 20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - K. Heise
- BrainImaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory; Department of Neurology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; 20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - C. Gerloff
- BrainImaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory; Department of Neurology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; 20246 Hamburg Germany
| | - F. C. Hummel
- BrainImaging and NeuroStimulation (BINS) Laboratory; Department of Neurology; University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; 20246 Hamburg Germany
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60
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Perrone-Bertolotti M, Rapin L, Lachaux JP, Baciu M, Lœvenbruck H. What is that little voice inside my head? Inner speech phenomenology, its role in cognitive performance, and its relation to self-monitoring. Behav Brain Res 2014; 261:220-39. [PMID: 24412278 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The little voice inside our head, or inner speech, is a common everyday experience. It plays a central role in human consciousness at the interplay of language and thought. An impressive host of research works has been carried out on inner speech these last fifty years. Here we first describe the phenomenology of inner speech by examining five issues: common behavioural and cerebral correlates with overt speech, different types of inner speech (wilful verbal thought generation and verbal mind wandering), presence of inner speech in reading and in writing, inner signing and voice-hallucinations in deaf people. Secondly, we review the role of inner speech in cognitive performance (i.e., enhancement vs. perturbation). Finally, we consider agency in inner speech and how our inner voice is known to be self-generated and not produced by someone else.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perrone-Bertolotti
- University Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, F-38040 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LPNC, UMR 5105, F-38040 Grenoble, France; INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR5292, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, F-69500 Lyon-Bron, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France; INSERM, U836, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, 38700 La Tronche, France.
| | - L Rapin
- Laboratoire de phonétique, Département de Linguistique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
| | - J P Lachaux
- INSERM U1028-CNRS UMR5292, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, F-69500 Lyon-Bron, France; University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - M Baciu
- University Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, F-38040 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LPNC, UMR 5105, F-38040 Grenoble, France
| | - H Lœvenbruck
- University Grenoble Alpes, LPNC, F-38040 Grenoble, France; CNRS, LPNC, UMR 5105, F-38040 Grenoble, France; GIPSA-lab, Département Parole et Cognition, UMR CNRS 5216, Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France
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61
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Quantitative EEG analysis using error reduction ratio-causality test; validation on simulated and real EEG data. Clin Neurophysiol 2014; 125:32-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Houdayer E, Walthall J, Belluscio BA, Vorbach S, Singer HS, Hallett M. Absent movement-related cortical potentials in children with primary motor stereotypies. Mov Disord 2013; 29:1134-40. [PMID: 24259275 DOI: 10.1002/mds.25753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The underlying pathophysiologic mechanism for complex motor stereotypies in children is unknown, with hypotheses ranging from an arousal to a motor control disorder. Movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs), representing the activation of cerebral areas involved in the generation of movements, precede and accompany self-initiated voluntary movements. The goal of this study was to compare cerebral activity associated with stereotypies to that seen with voluntary movements in children with primary complex motor stereotypies. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity synchronized with video recording was recorded in 10 children diagnosed with primary motor stereotypies and 7 controls. EEG activity related to stereotypies and self-paced arm movements were analyzed for presence or absence of early or late MRCP, a steep negativity beginning about 1 second before the onset of a voluntary movement. Early MRCPs preceded self-paced arm movements in 8 of 10 children with motor stereotypies and in 6 of 7 controls. Observed MRCPs did not differ between groups. No MRCP was identified before the appearance of a complex motor stereotypy. Unlike voluntary movements, stereotypies are not preceded by MRCPs. This indicates that premotor areas are likely not involved in the preparation of these complex movements and suggests that stereotypies are initiated by mechanisms different from voluntary movements. Further studies are required to determine the site of the motor control abnormality within cortico-striatal-thalamo-cortical pathways and to identify whether similar findings would be found in children with secondary stereotypies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Houdayer
- Human Motor Control Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Experimental Neurophysiology Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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63
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Suchy Y, Lee JN, Marchand WR. Aberrant cortico–subcortical functional connectivity among women with poor motor control: Toward uncovering the substrate of hyperkinetic perseveration. Neuropsychologia 2013; 51:2130-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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64
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Fang W, Lv F, Luo T, Cheng O, Liao W, Sheng K, Wang X, Wu F, Hu Y, Luo J, Yang QX, Zhang H. Abnormal regional homogeneity in patients with essential tremor revealed by resting-state functional MRI. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69199. [PMID: 23869236 PMCID: PMC3711903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders in human adults. It can be characterized as a progressive neurological disorder of which the most recognizable feature is a tremor of the arms or hands that is apparent during voluntary movements such as eating and writing. The pathology of ET remains unclear. Resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI), as a non-invasive imaging technique, was employed to investigate abnormalities of functional connectivity in ET in the brain. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) was used as a metric of RS-fMRI to assess the local functional connectivity abnormality in ET with 20 ET patients and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC). The ET group showed decreased ReHo in the anterior and posterior bilateral cerebellar lobes, the bilateral thalamus and the insular lobe, and increased ReHo in the bilateral prefrontal and parietal cortices, the left primary motor cortex and left supplementary motor area. The abnormal ReHo value of ET patients in the bilateral anterior cerebellar lobes and the right posterior cerebellar lobe were negatively correlated with the tremor severity score, while positively correlated with that in the left primary motor cortex. These findings suggest that the abnormality in cerebello-thalamo-cortical motor pathway is involved in tremor generation and propagation, which may be related to motor-related symptoms in ET patients. Meanwhile, the abnormality in the prefrontal and parietal regions may be associated with non-motor symptoms in ET. These findings suggest that the ReHo could be utilized for investigations of functional-pathological mechanism of ET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Fang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fajin Lv
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyou Luo
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (HZ)
| | - Oumei Cheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Liao
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Sheng
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yida Hu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing X. Yang
- Center for NMR Research, Department of Radiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Han Zhang
- Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (TL); (HZ)
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Inouchi M, Matsumoto R, Taki J, Kikuchi T, Mitsueda-Ono T, Mikuni N, Wheaton L, Hallett M, Fukuyama H, Shibasaki H, Takahashi R, Ikeda A. Role of posterior parietal cortex in reaching movements in humans: clinical implication for 'optic ataxia'. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 124:2230-41. [PMID: 23831168 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the spatio-temporal profile of cortical activity related to reaching movement in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in humans. METHODS Four patients with intractable partial epilepsy who underwent subdural electrode implantation were studied as a part of pre-surgical evaluation. We investigated the Bereitschaftspotential (BP) associated with reaching and correlated the findings with the effect of electrical stimulation of the same cortical area. RESULTS BPs specific for reaching, as compared with BPs for simple movements by the hand or arm contralateral to the implanted hemisphere, were recognized in all patients, mainly around the intraparietal sulcus (IPS), the superior parietal lobule (SPL) and the precuneus. BPs near the IPS had the earlier onset than BPs in the SPL. Electrical stimulation of a part of the PPC, where the reach-specific BPs were recorded, selectively impaired reaching. CONCLUSIONS Intracranial BP recording and cortical electrical stimulation delineated human reach-related areas in the PPC. SIGNIFICANCE The present study for the first time by direct cortical recording in humans demonstrates that parts of the cortices around the IPS and SPL play a crucial role in visually-guided reaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morito Inouchi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Holper L, Scholkmann F, Wolf M. Between-brain connectivity during imitation measured by fNIRS. Neuroimage 2012; 63:212-22. [PMID: 22732563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 06/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to step into two-person neuroscience by investigating the hemodynamic correlates of between-brain connectivity involved in imitation and its dependency on pacing stimuli. To test this approach, we used wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record simultaneously during imitation performance of a paced finger-tapping task (PFT) in two subjects over premotor cortices (PMC). During the imitation (IM) condition, a model and an imitator were recorded while tapping in synchrony with auditory stimuli separated by a constant interval (stimulus-paced mode, St-P), followed by tapping without the pacing stimulus (self-paced mode, Se-P). During the control (CO) condition, each subject (single 1 and 2) performed the PFT task with the same pacing mode pattern, but alone without reference to each other. Using wavelet transform coherence (WTC) analysis evaluating functional connectivity between brains, we found (1) that IM revealed a larger coherence increase between the model and the imitator as compared to the CO condition. (2) Within the IM condition, a larger coherence increase was found during Se-P as compared to St-P mode. Using Granger-causality (G-causality) analysis evaluating effective connectivity between brains, we found (3) that IM revealed larger G-causality as compared to the CO condition and (4) that within the IM condition, the signal of the model G-caused that of the imitator to a greater extent as compared to vice versa. Our findings designate fNIRS as suitable tool for monitoring between-brain connectivity during dynamic interactions between two subjects and that those measurements might thereby provide insight into activation patterns not detectable using typical single-person experiments. Overall, the results of the present study demonstrate the potential of simultaneously assessing brain hemodynamics in interacting subjects in several research areas where social interactions are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Holper
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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