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A A MA, Ameenudeen S, Kumar A, Hemalatha S, Ahmed N, Ali N, AlAsmari AF, Aashique M, Waseem M. Emerging Role of Mitophagy in Inflammatory Diseases: Cellular and Molecular Episodes. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:485-491. [PMID: 31914907 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200107144810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are the crucial regulators for the major source of ATP for different cellular events. Due to damage episodes, mitochondria have been established for a plethora ofalarming signals of stress that lead to cellular deterioration, thereby causing programmed cell death. Defects in mitochondria play a key role in arbitrating pathophysiological machinery with recent evince delineating a constructive role in mitophagy mediated mitochondrial injury. Mitophagy has been known for the eradication of damaged mitochondria via the autophagy process. Mitophagy has been investigated as an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis. Impaired mitophagy has been critically linked with the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism is not quite revealed, and it is still debatable. The purpose of this review was to investigate the possible role of mitophagy and its associated mechanism in inflammation-mediated diseases at both the cellular and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Adil A A
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India.,SSE, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, India
| | - Shabnam Ameenudeen
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - S Hemalatha
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Neesar Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F AlAsmari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Aashique
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Mohammad Waseem
- School of Life Sciences, BS Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science & Technology, Chennai, India
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Li Q, Wang G, Xiong SH, Cao Y, Liu B, Sun J, Li L, Mohammadtursun N, Yu H, Dong J, Wu J. Bu-Shen-Fang-Chuan formula attenuates cigarette smoke-induced inflammation by modulating the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 and NF-κB signalling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 261:113095. [PMID: 32531410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory inflammatory disease. Unlike asthma, COPD is insensitive to glucocorticoid treatment; thus, it is of great importance to find alternative medications, including Chinese medicine, to suppress inflammation. Bu-Shen-Fang-Chuan formula (BSFCF) is commonly used for the treatment of COPD in China. However, the mechanisms of BSFCF in COPD treatment are still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To verify the anti-inflammatory efficacy of BSFCF in COPD and to explore the possible mechanisms underlying its anti-inflammatory efficacy based on the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of COPD was established by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) for 6 months. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood were obtained to detect inflammatory cytokines. Lung samples were harvested, and part of each sample was fixed for subsequent H&E staining and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. The remaining lung tissues were used for RNA sequencing analysis and western blotting. RESULTS BSFCF significantly reduced inflammatory infiltration in the lungs of CS-exposed rats and decreased the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in both the BALF and serum. Additionally, BSFCF evidently attenuated NF-κB activation and downregulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) caused by CS. Furthermore, BSFCF increased the activation of PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 signalling in response to CS. CONCLUSIONS BSFCF attenuated CS-induced inflammation in COPD, which was partially achieved through the PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 and NF-κB signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guifang Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shi Hang Xiong
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Yuxue Cao
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Baojun Liu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Nabijan Mohammadtursun
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Jingcheng Dong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China; Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China; Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Middle Urumqi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Jian T, Chen J, Ding X, Lv H, Li J, Wu Y, Ren B, Tong B, Zuo Y, Su K, Li W. Flavonoids isolated from loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation induced by cigarette smoke in COPD mice: the role of TRPV1 signaling pathways. Food Funct 2020; 11:3516-3526. [PMID: 32253400 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02921d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic, progressive lung disease with few successful treatments, and is strongly associated with cigarette smoking (CS). Since the novel coronavirus has spread worldwide seriously, there is growing concern that patients who have chronic respiratory conditions like COPD can easily be infected and are more prone to having severe illness and even mortality because of lung dysfunction. Loquat leaves have long been used as an important material for both pharmaceutical and functional applications in the treatment of lung disease in Asia, especially in China and Japan. Total flavonoids (TF), the main active components derived from loquat leaves, showed remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, their protective activity against CS-induced COPD airway inflammation and oxidative stress and its underlying mechanism still remain not well-understood. The present study uses a CS-induced mouse model to estimate the morphological changes in lung tissue. The results demonstrated that TF suppressed the histological changes in the lungs of CS-challenged mice, as evidenced by reduced generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), nitric oxide (NO), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and diminished the protein expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). Moreover, TF also inhibited phosphorylation of IKK, IκB and NFκB and increased p-Akt. Interestingly, TF could inhibit CS-induced oxidative stress in the lungs of COPD mice. TF treatment significantly inhibited the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). In addition, TF markedly downregulated TRPV1 and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and upregulated the expression of SOD-2, while the p-JNK level was observed to be inhibited in COPD mice. Taken together, our findings showed that the protective effect and putative mechanism of the action of TF resulted in the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress through the regulation of TRPV1 and the related signal pathway in lung tissues. It suggested that TF derived from loquat leaves could be considered to be an alternative or a new functional material and used for the treatment of CS-induced COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunyu Jian
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China. and Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ding
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Han Lv
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jiawei Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yuexian Wu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Bingru Ren
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Bei Tong
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zuo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Kelei Su
- Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China and Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Weilin Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China. and Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Xiao LX, Qi L, Zhang XL, Zhou YQ, Yue HL, Yu ED, Li QY. Liver injury in septic mice were suppressed by a camptothecin-bile acid conjugate via inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 257:118130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hashemzaei M, Mamoulakis C, Tsarouhas K, Georgiadis G, Lazopoulos G, Tsatsakis A, Shojaei Asrami E, Rezaee R. Crocin: A fighter against inflammation and pain. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 143:111521. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Crocin Reverses Depression-Like Behavior in Parkinson Disease Mice via VTA-mPFC Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:3158-3170. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01941-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Guan X, Yuan Y, Wang G, Zheng R, Zhang J, Dong B, Ran N, Hsu ACY, Wang C, Wang F. Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorates acute exacerbation of COPD by suppressing neutrophil migration. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106449. [PMID: 32278128 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD) is an irreversible inflammatory airways disease responsible for global health burden, involved with a complex condition of immunological change. Exacerbation-mediated neutrophilia is an important factor in the pathogenesis of cigarette smoke-induced AECOPD. Ginsenoside Rg3, a red-ginseng-derived compound, has multiple pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Here, we investigated a protective role of Rg3 against AECOPD, focusing on neutrophilia. 14-week-cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and non-typeable Haemophilus inflenzae (NTHi) infection were used to establish the AECOPD murine model. Rg3 (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) was administered intragastrically from the 12th week of CS exposure before infection, and this led to improved lung function and lung morphology, and reduced neutrophilic inflammation, indicating a suppressive effect on neutrophil infiltration by Rg3. Further investigations on the mechanism of Rg3 on neutrophils were carried out using bronchial epithelial cell (BEAS-2B) and neutrophil co-culture and transepithelial migration model. Pre-treatment of neutrophils with Rg3 reduced neutrophil migration, which seemed to be the result of inhibition of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) 3-kinases (PI3K) activation within neutrophils. Thus, Rg3 could inhibit exacerbation-induced neutrophilia in COPD by negatively regulating PI3K activities in neutrophils. This study provides a potential natural drug against AECOPD neutrophil inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewa Guan
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yuze Yuan
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Ruipeng Zheng
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Invasive Technology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Department of Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Bing Dong
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Nan Ran
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute and the University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Cuizhu Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pathogeny Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; Key laboratory of Zoonosis Research Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Screening of the Hepatotoxic Components in Fructus Gardeniae and Their Effects on Rat Liver BRL-3A Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213920. [PMID: 31671698 PMCID: PMC6864725 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructus Gardeniae (FG) is a common Chinese medicine and food. However, the toxicity of FG has drawn increasing concern, especially its hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to screen the hepatotoxic components of FG and evaluate their effects on rat liver BRL-3A cells. The chemical composition of FG was determined by HPLC-ESI-MS. CCK-8 assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of ten chemical components from FG, and then the toxic components with significant inhibitory activity were selected for further study. The results showed that geniposide, genipin, genipin-1-gentiobioside, gardenoside, and shanzhiside all suppress cells viability. Apoptosis assays further indicated that geniposide and its metabolite genipin are the main hepatotoxic components of FG. Pretreatment of cells with geniposide or genipin increased the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) were decreased, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was increased. The cell contents of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) were also increased. Molecular docking simulations were used to investigate the mechanism of FG-induced hepatotoxicity, revealing that geniposide and genipin bind strongly to the pro-inflammatory factor TNFR1 receptor of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. The obtained results strongly indicate that the hepatotoxicity of FG is caused by iridoids compounds. Genipin had the most significant hepatotoxic effect. These toxic substances destroy the cell antioxidant defense system, increasing inflammatory injury to the liver cells and leading to apoptosis and even necrosis. Thus, this study lays a foundation for toxicology research into FG and its rational application.
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