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Alven S, Aderibigbe BA. The Therapeutic Efficacy of Dendrimer and Micelle Formulations for Breast Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E1212. [PMID: 33333778 PMCID: PMC7765183 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is among the most common types of cancer in women and it is the cause of a high rate of mortality globally. The use of anticancer drugs is the standard treatment approach used for this type of cancer. However, most of these drugs are limited by multi-drug resistance, drug toxicity, poor drug bioavailability, low water solubility, poor pharmacokinetics, etc. To overcome multi-drug resistance, combinations of two or more anticancer drugs are used. However, the combination of two or more anticancer drugs produce toxic side effects. Micelles and dendrimers are promising drug delivery systems that can overcome the limitations associated with the currently used anticancer drugs. They have the capability to overcome drug resistance, reduce drug toxicity, improve the drug solubility and bioavailability. Different classes of anticancer drugs have been loaded into micelles and dendrimers, resulting in targeted drug delivery, sustained drug release mechanism, increased cellular uptake, reduced toxic side effects of the loaded drugs with enhanced anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This review article reports the biological outcomes of dendrimers and micelles loaded with different known anticancer agents on breast cancer in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blessing Atim Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus, Eastern Cape 5700, South Africa;
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52
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Gearhart-Serna LM, Hoffman K, Devi GR. Environmental Quality and Invasive Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1920-1928. [PMID: 32238404 PMCID: PMC7953341 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is a complex and multifactorial disease, and environmental factors have been suggested to increase its risk. However, prior research has largely focused on studying exposures to one factor/contaminant at a time, which does not reflect the real-world environment.Methods: Herein, we investigate associations between breast cancer and the environmental quality index (EQI), a comprehensive assessment of five domains of environmental quality (air, water, land, sociodemographic, and built environments) at the county level. Breast cancer diagnoses for North Carolina women were obtained from the North Carolina Central Cancer Registry (2009-2014) and the county of residence at the time of diagnosis was linked with the EQI. We evaluated the odds of localized, regional, or distant metastatic breast cancer in categories of environmental quality using women with carcinoma in situ as registry-based controls.Results: Overall environmental quality was generally not associated with invasive breast cancer; however, all breast cancer types tended to be inversely associated with land quality, particularly in more rural communities [distant metastatic breast cancer was 5%-8% more likely (OR, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.14; P = 0.02) compared with carcinoma in situ].Conclusions: Cumulatively, our results suggest that some broad measures of environmental quality are associated with invasive breast cancer but that associations vary by environmental domain, cancer stage, subtype, and urbanicity.Impact: Our findings suggest that components of land quality (e.g., pesticide applications and animal facilities) warrant additional investigation in relation to invasive breast cancer.See all articles in this CEBP Focus section, "Environmental Carcinogenesis: Pathways to Prevention."
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa M Gearhart-Serna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kate Hoffman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gayathri R Devi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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53
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Zhu Q, Wang M, Jia J, Hu Y, Wang X, Liao C, Jiang G. Occurrence, Distribution, and Human Exposure of Several Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Indoor Dust: A Nationwide Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11333-11343. [PMID: 32803972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Parabens, triclosan (TCS), triclocarban (TCC), and bisphenol A and its analogues (BPs) are used in various industrial and consumer products and are typical endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this study, six parabens, TCS, TCC, and eight BPs were determined in 289 indoor dusts collected from different geographical regions in China. Ten of 16 target compounds were found in >50% samples. Concentrations of Σ6parabens, Σ(TCS+TCC), and Σ8BPs in indoor dust ranged from 8.66-21,500 (median: 288), 19.6-8940 (104), and 8.80-37,400 (377) ng/g dw, respectively. The Σ(TCS+TCC) concentrations in dust from Northeast China were higher than those from Central South China (p < 0.05). The concentrations of Σ8BPs in dust from Eastern China were approximately 2 times higher than those found for North China (p < 0.05), whereas there was no significant spatial difference in concentrations of parabens among different geographical regions (p > 0.05). Human exposure to these EDCs through indoor dust ingestion and dermal absorption was evaluated. The median and 95th percentile estimated daily intakes of Σ16EDCs ranged from 0.439 (adults)-4.57 (infants) and 6.26 (adults)-62.1 (infants) ng/kg bw/day, respectively, generally decreasing with increasing age. This nationwide survey establishes a baseline concentration for parabens in the indoor environment in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mei Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei 071003, China
| | - Jiabao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430056, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
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54
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Wang N, Wang Y, Zhang H, Guo Y, Chen C, Zhang W, Wan H, Han J, Lu Y. Association of bone mineral density with nine urinary personal care and consumer product chemicals and metabolites: A national-representative, population-based study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 142:105865. [PMID: 32585503 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Personal care and consumer products are extensively used and contain various chemicals that are recognized as endocrine disrupting chemicals. Few epidemiological studies measured the associations of these chemicals and metabolites, especially phenols, with bone health. We measured the associations between nine urinary phenol biomarkers and BMD and the subsequent prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis. National representative data from US adults aged over 20 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2010 were used. 2,267 men, 1,145 premenopausal women and 1,033 postmenopausal women were included in the final analyses. Bisphenol A, benzophenone-3, triclosan, butylparaben, ethylparaben, methylparaben, propylparaben, 2,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Paraben concentrations, especially ethyl-, methyl- and propylparabens, were related to greater BMD in the femoral neck and intertrochanter and lumbar spine in men and premenopausal women. 2,4-dichlorophenol concentrations was associated with lower BMD and a higher prevalence of osteopenia + osteoporosis in men. Bisphenol A was associated with a higher prevalence of osteopenia + osteoporosis in the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women. Benzophenone-3 tended to be associated with a higher BMD of femur in men and premenopausal women. In conclusion, certain urinary personal care and consumer product chemicals and metabolites were significantly associated with BMD or osteopenia + osteoporosis. These results further indicate that, in future research, determination of the causal relationships and detection of undelying mechanism could be next important directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyu Guo
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heng Wan
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Han
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Cherian P, Zhu J, Bergfeld WF, Belsito DV, Hill RA, Klaassen CD, Liebler DC, Marks JG, Shank RC, Slaga TJ, Snyder PW, Heldreth B. Amended Safety Assessment of Parabens as Used in Cosmetics. Int J Toxicol 2020; 39:5S-97S. [DOI: 10.1177/1091581820925001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety (Panel) assessed the safety of 21 parabens as preservatives in cosmetic products. All of these ingredients are reported to function in cosmetics as preservatives; however, 5 are reported to also function as fragrance ingredients. The Panel reviewed relevant data relating to the safety of these ingredients under the reported conditions of use in cosmetic formulations. The Panel concluded that 20 of the 21 parabens included in this report are safe in cosmetics in the present practices of use and concentration described in this safety assessment when the sum of the total parabens in any given formulation does not exceed 0.8%. However, the available data are insufficient to support a conclusion of safety for benzylparaben in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Cherian
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Scientific Analyst/Writer, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jinqiu Zhu
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Toxicologist, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Wilma F. Bergfeld
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Donald V. Belsito
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald A. Hill
- Former Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Daniel C. Liebler
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James G. Marks
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ronald C. Shank
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas J. Slaga
- Expert Panel for Cosmetic Ingredient Safety Member, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Paul W. Snyder
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Toxicologist, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bart Heldreth
- Cosmetic Ingredient Review Executive Director, Washington, DC, USA
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56
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Alven S, Nqoro X, Buyana B, Aderibigbe BA. Polymer-Drug Conjugate, a Potential Therapeutic to Combat Breast and Lung Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E406. [PMID: 32365495 PMCID: PMC7284459 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a chronic disease that is responsible for the high death rate, globally. The administration of anticancer drugs is one crucial approach that is employed for the treatment of cancer, although its therapeutic status is not presently satisfactory. The anticancer drugs are limited pharmacologically, resulting from the serious side effects, which could be life-threatening. Polymer drug conjugates, nano-based drug delivery systems can be utilized to protect normal body tissues from the adverse side effects of anticancer drugs and also to overcome drug resistance. They transport therapeutic agents to the target cell/tissue. This review article is based on the therapeutic outcomes of polymer-drug conjugates against breast and lung cancer.
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57
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Iribarne-Durán LM, Domingo-Piñar S, Peinado FM, Vela-Soria F, Jiménez-Díaz I, Barranco E, Olea N, Freire C, Artacho-Cordón F, Ocón-Hernández O. Menstrual blood concentrations of parabens and benzophenones and related factors in a sample of Spanish women: An exploratory study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 183:109228. [PMID: 32062483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate concentrations of parabens (PBs) and benzophenones (BzPs) in menstrual blood and explore related sociodemographic/lifestyle factors, and to compare between menstrual and peripheral blood concentrations in a subset of samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS Concentrations of 4 PBs [methyl- (MeP), ethyl- (EtP), propyl- (PrP) and butyl-paraben (BuP)] and 6 BzPs [BzP-1, BzP-2, BzP-3, BzP-6, BzP-8 and 4-OH-BzP] were determined in menstrual blood from 57 women and in both menstrual and peripheral blood samples from 12 women, all healthy Spanish women of reproductive age. Socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits [diet and use of cosmetics and personal care products (PCPs)] were gathered using an online questionnaire. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between menstrual and peripheral blood concentrations, while multivariable linear regression was used to identify potential explanatory variables for menstrual PB and BzP concentrations. RESULTS Globally, all menstrual blood samples had detectable levels of ≥3 compounds, and 52.6% of the samples contained ≥6 compounds. MeP, PrP, and BzP-3 were the most frequently detected compounds (detection frequencies >90.0%), with median concentrations of 1.41, 0.63, and 1.70 ng/mL of menstrual blood, respectively. Age, the use of PCPs, and consumption of some food items (meat, pasta, cheese, or dairy products) were related to the menstrual blood concentrations of some PBs/BzPs. Serum:menstrual blood ratios of PBs/BzPs ranged from 1.7 to 3.6, with no inter-matrix correlations. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals, to our knowledge for the first time, the widespread presence of several PBs and BzPs in intimate contact with gynecological tissues, although their concentrations in menstrual blood were not correlated with those in peripheral blood from the same women. These results shed light on the information provided by the menstrual blood as a potential matrix for characterizing exposure to PBs and BzPs, whose consequences for women's reproductive health need to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Iribarne-Durán
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain
| | - S Domingo-Piñar
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Service. Hospital of Guadix, Granada, Spain
| | - F M Peinado
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain
| | - F Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain.
| | - I Jiménez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - E Barranco
- University of Granada, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Granada, Spain
| | - N Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - C Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - F Artacho-Cordón
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; University of Granada, Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain.
| | - O Ocón-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Granada, Spain; Obstetrics and Gynecology Service. San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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58
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Rylander C, Veierød MB, Weiderpass E, Lund E, Sandanger TM. Use of skincare products and risk of cancer of the breast and endometrium: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health 2019; 18:105. [PMID: 31796030 PMCID: PMC6889352 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-019-0547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns have been raised that extensive use of personal care products that contain endocrine disrupting compounds increase the risk of hormone sensitive cancers. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of skincare product use on the risk of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer, estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) breast cancer and cancer of the endometrium. METHODS We used data from 106,978 participants in the population-based Norwegian Women and Cancer cohort. Participants were categorized into non-, light, moderate, frequent and heavy users of skincare products based on self-reported use of hand and facial cream and body lotion. Cancer incidence information from the Cancer Registry of Norway was linked to individual data through the unique identity number of Norwegian citizens. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess the effect of skincare product use on the risk of cancer of the breast and endometrium. We used multiple imputation by chained equations to evaluate the effect of missing data on observed associations. RESULTS We found no associations between use of skincare products and incidence of premenopausal breast cancer (frequent/heavy versus non-/light use: hazard ratio [HR] =1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92-1.32), postmenopausal breast cancer (heavy versus light use: HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.65-1.18, frequent versus light use: HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.88, 1.07) or endometrial cancer (frequent/heavy versus non-/light use: HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.79-1.20). Use of skincare products did not increase the risk of ER+ or ER- breast cancer and there was no difference in effect across ER status (0.58 ≤ pheterogeneity ≤ 0.99). The magnitude and direction of the effect estimates based on complete case analyses and multiple imputation were similar. CONCLUSION Heavy use of skincare products, i.e. creaming the body up to two times per day during mid-life, did not increase the risk of cancer of the breast or endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotta Rylander
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Marit B Veierød
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Eiliv Lund
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torkjel M Sandanger
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- NILU, FRAM-High North Research Centre for Climate and Environment, Tromsø, Norway
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