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Bieski IGC, Leonti M, Arnason JT, Ferrier J, Rapinski M, Violante IMP, Balogun SO, Pereira JFCA, Figueiredo RDCF, Lopes CRAS, da Silva DR, Pacini A, Albuquerque UP, Martins DTDO. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants by population of Valley of Juruena Region, Legal Amazon, Mato Grosso, Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:383-423. [PMID: 26234177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE The use of medicinal plants for treatment, cure and prevention of diseases has been described by many people since time immemorial. Because of this use, commercial and scientific interests have emerged, making it necessary to realize ethnobotanical surveys of medicinal plants species, which is important for subsequent chemical and pharmacological bioprospections. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed at surveying, identifying, cataloging and documenting the medicinal plants species used in the Valley of Juruena, Northwestern Mato Grosso, Legal Amazon Brazil for the treatment of various human diseases, as well as assessed the species of interest for bioprospecting potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS Informants were interviewed using semi-structured form to capture information on socio-demographic and ethnopharmacological data of medicinal plants such as vernacular name, uses, geographic origin, habit, form of preparation and part used. Results were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative means: indices of use-report (Ur) and informant consensus factor (ICF), for the selection of plant species with therapeutic potential. RESULTS Three hundred and thirty two (332) plants species belonging to 90 families were reported for medicinal purposes and totaling 3973 use-reports were reported by 365 (92.9%) of the people interviewed. Asteraceae (32.2%), Fabaceae (26.7%) and Lamiaceae (24.4%) families were the most represented, with majority being species native (64.45%) to Brazil. Leaves (64.5%) were the part of the plant most used and infusion (45.7%) was the most utilized form. Gastrointestinal disorders followed by respiratory complaints topped the list of use-reports. The native or naturalized plants with the highest use reports in the order of decreasing absolute frequency per each emic-category are Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapfc (104), Mentha pulegium L. (94), Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) B. Verl. (97), Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze (71), Baccharis crispa Spreng (57), Phyllanthus niruri L. (48), Gossypium barbadense L. (44), Solidago microglossa DC. (40) and Bauhinia forficata L. (20). And the most cited exotics are: Chenopodium ambrosioides L. (151), Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f., (89) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (72). In some cases, high ICF values were found, which reflects high degree of homogeneity of consensus among informants in this region on medicinal plants. CONCLUSION The population of Valle of Juruena makes use of a wide array of medicinal plants distributed in all use categories with predominance of those use in the treatments of gastrointestinal and respiratory ailments. The therapeutic potential of some of the species of medicinal importance extensively utilized by the population of the region have been scientifically validated, and are therefore promising prototype of new drugs. However, there are some of these species whose ethnomedicinal uses are yet to be scientifically verified and thus constitute an unexplored terrain for future biological/pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isanete Geraldini Costa Bieski
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Marco Leonti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - John Thor Arnason
- Department Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ferrier
- Department Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Michel Rapinski
- Department Biology, University of Ottawa, 30 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ivana Maria Povoa Violante
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Sikiru Olaitan Balogun
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - João Filipe Costa Alves Pereira
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Feguri Figueiredo
- Department of Basic Sciences in Health, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), 78060-900 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Célia Regina Araújo Soares Lopes
- Faculty of Biological and Agrarian Sciences, University of Mato Grosso State (UNEMAT), Campus Universitário de Alta Floresta, UNEMAT, 208, km 146, Jardim Tropical, Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil
| | - Dennis Rodrigues da Silva
- Faculty of Biological and Agrarian Sciences, University of Mato Grosso State (UNEMAT), Campus Universitário de Alta Floresta, UNEMAT, 208, km 146, Jardim Tropical, Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil
| | - Aloir Pacini
- Department of Anthropology, Rondon Museum, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Applied and Theoretical Ethnobiology (LEA), Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Russo D, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Fernandez EC, Milella L. Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anticholinesterase Activities of Smallanthus sonchifolius Landraces and Correlation with Their Phytochemical Profiles. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:17696-718. [PMID: 26263984 PMCID: PMC4581216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160817696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile of leaf methanol extracts of fourteen Smallanthus sonchifolius (yacon) landraces and their antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antidiabetic activities that could lead to the finding of more effective agents for the treatment and management of Alzheimer's disease and diabetes. For this purpose, antioxidant activity was assessed using different tests: ferric reducing ability power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (˙NO) and superoxide (O2˙-) scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays. Anticholinesterase activity was investigated by quantifying the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities, whereas antidiabetic activity was investigated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. To understand the contribution of metabolites, phytochemical screening was also performed by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) system. Among all, methanol extract of PER09, PER04 and ECU44 landraces exhibited the highest relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI). ECU44 was found to be rich in 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) and 3,5-di-O-CQA and displayed a good α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition, showing the lowest IC50 values. Flavonoids, instead, seem to be involved in the AChE and BChE inhibition. The results of this study revealed that the bioactive compound content differences could be determinant for the medicinal properties of this plant especially for antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, Basilicata University, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- Rede de Química e Tecnologia/Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (REQUIMTE/LAQV), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- Rede de Química e Tecnologia/Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde (REQUIMTE/LAQV), Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eloy C Fernandez
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, Basilicata University, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
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Miceli N, Buongiorno LP, Celi MG, Cacciola F, Dugo P, Donato P, Mondello L, Bonaccorsi I, Taviano MF. Role of the flavonoid-rich fraction in the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Bauhinia forficata Link. (Fabaceae) leaves extract. Nat Prod Res 2015; 30:1229-39. [PMID: 26118983 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2015.1050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Bauhinia forficata Link. is utilised as an antidiabetic in Brazilian folk-medicine; furthermore, its antioxidant properties suggest a potential usefulness in the prevention of diabetes complications associated with oxidative stress. The contribution of a flavonoid-rich fraction (FRF), HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS characterised, to the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of B. forficata hydro-alcoholic leaves extract was evaluated for the first time. Both extract and FRF showed radical-scavenging activity and reducing power with a strong relationship with the flavonoid content found; hence, flavonoids are mainly responsible for the primary antioxidant activity of B. forficata extract. The extract significantly decreased FO-1 cell viability at the higher concentrations. FRF did not exert any effect; thus, flavonoids do not appear to be responsible for the cytotoxicity of the extract. The extract resulted virtually non-toxic against both Artemia salina and normal human lymphocytes, demonstrating potential selectivity in inhibiting cancer cell growth. Finally, no antimicrobial activity was observed against the bacteria and yeasts tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalizia Miceli
- a 'Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, Messina 98168 , Italy
| | - Luigina Pasqualina Buongiorno
- a 'Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, Messina 98168 , Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Celi
- a 'Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, Messina 98168 , Italy
| | - Francesco Cacciola
- b 'Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166 , Italy
| | - Paola Dugo
- a 'Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, Messina 98168 , Italy.,c Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o 'Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, Messina 98168 , Italy.,d Centro Integrato di Ricerca, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Roma 00128 , Italy
| | - Paola Donato
- b 'Scienze dell'Ambiente, della Sicurezza, del Territorio, degli Alimenti e della Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166 , Italy
| | - Luigi Mondello
- a 'Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, Messina 98168 , Italy.,c Chromaleont s.r.l., c/o 'Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, Messina 98168 , Italy.,d Centro Integrato di Ricerca, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome , Via Álvaro del Portillo 21, Roma 00128 , Italy
| | - Irene Bonaccorsi
- e 'Patologia Umana' Department , University of Messina , A.O.U. Policlinico 'G.Martino' Via Consolare Valeria 1, Messina 98124 , Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- a 'Scienze del Farmaco e Prodotti per la Salute' Department , University of Messina , Viale Annunziata, Messina 98168 , Italy
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Madeira JV, Macedo GA. Simultaneous extraction and biotransformation process to obtain high bioactivity phenolic compounds from Brazilian citrus residues. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1273-9. [PMID: 26081498 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have pointed to a reduction in the incidence of some cancers, diabetes, and neuro-degenerative diseases as a result of human health benefits from flavanones. Currently, flavanones are obtained by chemical synthesis or extraction from plants, and these processes are only produced in the glycosylated form. An interesting environmentally friendly alternative that deserves attention regarding phenolic compound production is the simultaneous extraction and biotransformation of these molecules. Orange juice consumption has become a worldwide dietary habit and Brazil is the largest producer of orange juice in the world. Approximately half of the citrus fruit is discarded after the juice is processed, thus generating large amounts of residues (peel and pectinolytic material). Hence, finding an environmentally clean technique to extract natural products and bioactive compounds from different plant materials has presented a challenging task over the last decades. The aim of this study was to obtain phenolics from Brazilian citrus residues with high bioactivity, using simultaneous extraction (cellulase and pectinase) and biotransformation (tannase) by enzymatic process. The highest hesperetin, naringenin and ellagic acid production in the experiment were 120, 80, and 11,250 µg g(-1), respectively, at 5.0 U mL(-1) of cellulase and 7.0 U mL(-1) of tannase at 40°C and 200 rpm. Also, the development of this process generated an increase of 77% in the total antioxidant capacity. These results suggest that the bioprocess obtained innovative results where the simultaneous enzymatic and biotransformatic extracted flavanones from agro-industrial residues was achieved without the use of organic solvents. The methodology can therefore be considered a green technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Valdo Madeira
- Food Science Dept., Faculty of Food Engineering, Campinas University, P.O. Box 6121, CEP 13083-862 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Alves Macedo
- Food Science Dept., Faculty of Food Engineering, Campinas University, P.O. Box 6121, CEP 13083-862 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Antioxidant and proapoptotic activities of Sclerocarya birrea [(A. Rich.) Hochst.] methanolic root extract on the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:561589. [PMID: 26075245 PMCID: PMC4449889 DOI: 10.1155/2015/561589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to characterize the in vitro antioxidant activity and the apoptotic potential of S. birrea methanolic root extract (MRE). Among four tested extracts, obtained with different solvents, MRE showed the highest content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins together with antioxidant activities tested with superoxide, nitric oxide, ABTS, and beta-carotene bleaching assays. Moreover, the cytotoxic effect of MRE was evaluated on the hepatocarcinoma cell line HepG2. In these cells, MRE treatment induced apoptosis and generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxic effect promoted by MRE was prevented by pretreatment of HepG2 cells with N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), suggesting that oxidative stress was pivotal in MRE-mediated cell death. Moreover, we showed that the MRE treatment induced the mitochondrial membrane depolarization and the cytochrome c release from mitochondria into the cytosol. It suggests that the apoptosis occurred in a mitochondrial-dependent pathway. Interestingly, MRE showed a sensibly lower cytotoxicity, associated with a low increase of ROS, in normal human dermal fibroblasts compared to HepG2 cells. It is suggested that the methanolic root extract of S. Birrea is able to selectively increase intracellular ROS levels in cancer cells, promoting cell death.
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Bathula C, Mamidala R, Thulluri C, Agarwal R, Jha KK, Munshi P, Adepally U, Singh A, Chary MT, Sen S. Substituted furopyridinediones as novel inhibitors of α-glucosidase. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra19255b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bioisosteric scaffold hopping strategy towards new inhibitors of α-glucosidase.
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57
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of quinazoline derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1293-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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58
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Antioxidant and quinone reductase inducing activities of ethanolic fractions from purple maize. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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59
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Rich bioactive phenolic extract production by microbial biotransformation of Brazilian Citrus residues. Chem Eng Res Des 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Felipe DF, Brambilla LZS, Porto C, Pilau EJ, Cortez DAG. Phytochemical analysis of Pfaffia glomerata inflorescences by LC-ESI-MS/MS. Molecules 2014; 19:15720-34. [PMID: 25268723 PMCID: PMC6270899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pfaffia glomerata contains high levels of β-ecdysone, which has shown a range of beneficial pharmacological effects. The present study demonstrated that inflorescences of P. glomerata contain other important bioactive compounds in addition to β-ecdysone. The identification of compounds from inflorescences using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was performed for the first time. The eight compounds identified were β-ecdysone, flavonoid glycosides such as quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-(6-p-coumaroyl)-glucoside, oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins such as ginsenoside Ro and chikusetsusaponin IV, in addition to oleanonic acid and gluconic acid. This study provided information on the phytochemicals contained in P. glomerata inflorescences revealing the potential application of this plant part as raw material for the phytotherapeutic and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele F Felipe
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Lara Z S Brambilla
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Carla Porto
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo J Pilau
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil.
| | - Diógenes A G Cortez
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Postgraduate Program, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná 87020-900, Brazil.
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Sales DS, Carmona F, de Azevedo BC, Taleb-Contini SH, Bartolomeu ACD, Honorato FB, Martinez EZ, Pereira AMS. Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. as an adjuvant treatment for type-2 diabetes mellitus: a non-controlled, pilot study. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1816-21. [PMID: 25132112 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent disease with significant morbidity and mortality around the world. However, there is no universally effective treatment, because response to different treatment regimens can vary widely among patients. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether the use of the powdered dried leaves of Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. (Myrtaceae) is effective as an adjuvant to the treatment of patients with type-2 DM. Fifteen patients were enrolled in a pilot, non-controlled study, and received E. punicifolia for 3 months. After treatment, we observed a significant decrease in glycosylated hemoglobin, basal insulin, thyroid-stimulating hormone, C-reactive protein, and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. There were no changes in fasting and postprandial glycemia. The compounds myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, quercetin-3-O-xyloside, quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol-3-O-rhamnoside, phytol, gallic acid, and trans-caryophyllene present in the powdered dried leaves of E. punicifolia may be responsible for the therapeutic effect. In conclusion, the powdered leaves of E. punicifolia are promising as an adjuvant in the treatment of type-2 DM and deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Simone Sales
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil
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Garlapati R, Pottabathini N, Gurram V, Kasani KS, Gundla R, Thulluri C, Machiraju PK, Chaudhary AB, Addepally U, Dayam R, Chunduri VR, Patro B. Development of α-glucosidase inhibitors by room temperature C-C cross couplings of quinazolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 11:4778-91. [PMID: 23778751 DOI: 10.1039/c3ob40636a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel quinazolinone based α-glucosidase inhibitors have been developed. For this purpose a virtual screening model has been generated and validated utilizing acarbose as a α-glucosidase inhibitor. Homology modeling, docking, and virtual screening were successfully employed to discover a set of structurally diverse compounds active against α-glucosidase. A search of a 3D database containing 22,500 small molecules using the structure based virtual model yielded ten possible candidates. All ten candidates were N-3-pyridyl-2-cyclopropyl quinazolinone-4-one derivatives, varying at the 6 position. This position was modified by Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling with aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl boronic acids. A catalyst screen was performed, and using the best optimal conditions, a series of twenty five compounds was synthesized. Notably, the C-C cross coupling reactions of the 6-bromo-2-cyclopropyl-3-(pyridyl-3-ylmethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one precursor have been accomplished at room temperature. A comparison of the relative reactivities of 6-bromo and 6-chloro-2,3-disubstituted quinazolinones with phenyl boronic acid was conducted. An investigation of pre-catalyst loading for the reaction of the 6-bromo-2-cyclopropyl-3-(pyridyl-3-ylmethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one substrate was also carried out. Finally, we submitted our compounds to biological assays against α-glucosidase inhibitors. Of these, three hits (compounds 4a, 4t and 4r) were potentially active as α-glucosidase inhibitors and showed activity with IC50 values <20 μM. Based on structural novelty and desirable drug-like properties, 4a was selected for structure-activity relationship study, and thirteen analogs were synthesized. Nine out of thirteen analogs acted as α-glucosidase inhibitors with IC50 values <10 μM. These lead compounds have desirable physicochemical properties and are excellent candidates for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Garlapati
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, GVK Biosciences Pvt. Ltd, Plot 28A, IDA Nacharam, Hyderabad, India
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Assessing Jasminum grandiflorum L. authenticity by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n) and effects on physiological enzymes and oxidative species. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 88:157-61. [PMID: 24055852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The dried flower buds of Jasminum grandiflorum L. are widely consumed as infusion and used in traditional medicine for psychiatric disorders. It is important to have a well-established method for the chemical characterization of J. grandiflorum since there are resemblances with a toxic species, Gelsemium sempervirens (L.) Jaume Saint-Hilaire. HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS(n) analysis allowed identifying six phenolic compounds for the first time. Moreover, the evaluation of in vitro activity against central nervous system (CNS) related enzymes was undertaken for the first time, as well as against reactive species in order to support the efficacy towards CNS disorders.
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Salgueiro ACF, Leal CQ, Bianchini MC, Prado IO, Mendez ASL, Puntel RL, Folmer V, Soares FA, Avila DS, Puntel GO. The influence of Bauhinia forficata Link subsp. pruinosa tea on lipid peroxidation and non-protein SH groups in human erythrocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:81-87. [PMID: 23567030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bauhinia forficata (BF) has been traditionally used as tea in folk medicine of Brazil for treatment of Diabetes mellitus (DM). AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the effects of BF leaf tea on markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant levels in an experimental model of hyperglycemia in human erythrocytes in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human erythrocytes were incubated with high glucose concentrations or glucose and BF tea for 24h and 48h. After incubation lipid peroxidation and non-protein SH levels were analyzed. Moreover, quantification of polyphenols and flavonoids, iron chelating property, scavenging of DPPH, and prevention of lipid peroxidation in isolated lipids were also assessed. RESULTS A significant amount of polyphenols and flavonoids was observed. The main components found by LC-MS analysis were quercetin-3-O-(2-rhamnosyl) rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-(2-rhamnosyl) rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside. BF tea presents important antioxidant and chelating properties. Moreover, BF tea was effective to increase non-protein SH levels and reduce lipid peroxidation induced by high glucose concentrations in human erythrocytes. CONCLUSION The antioxidant effects of BF tea could be related to the presence of different phenolic and flavonoids components. We believe that these components can be responsible to protect human erythrocytes exposed to high glucose concentrations against oxidative damage.
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Gonçalves RF, Silva AMS, Silva AM, Valentão P, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A, Silva JB, Santos D, Andrade PB. Influence of taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Shott) growth conditions on the phenolic composition and biological properties. Food Chem 2013; 141:3480-5. [PMID: 23993510 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Shott, commonly known as taro, is an essential food for millions of people. The leaves are consumed in sauces, purees, stews, and soups, being also used in wound healing treatment. Nowadays, the consumers' demand for bioactive compounds from the diet led to the development of new agricultural strategies for the production of health-promoting constituents in vegetables. In this work, two strategies (variety choice and irrigation conditions) were considered in the cultivation of C. esculenta. The effect on the phenolic composition of the leaves was evaluated. Furthermore, a correlation between the biological activity of the different varieties and their chemical composition was established. Qualitative and quantitative differences in the phenolic composition were observed between varieties; furthermore, the irrigation conditions also influenced the composition. C. esculenta varieties were able to scavenge several oxidant species and to inhibit hyaluronidase, but data suggest that metabolites other than phenolics are involved. The results show that cultivation strategies can effectively modulate the accumulation of these types of bioactive compounds. Furthermore C. esculenta wound healing potential can be attributed, at least in part, to the protection of the wound site against oxidative/nitrosative damage and prevention of hyaluronic acid degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui F Gonçalves
- REQUIMTE/Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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In vitro studies of α-glucosidase inhibitors and antiradical constituents of Glandora diffusa (Lag.) D.C. Thomas infusion. Food Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ortiz-Andrade R, Cabañas-Wuan A, Arana-Argáez VE, Alonso-Castro AJ, Zapata-Bustos R, Salazar-Olivo LA, Domínguez F, Chávez M, Carranza-Álvarez C, García-Carrancá A. Antidiabetic effects of Justicia spicigera Schltdl (Acanthaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:455-462. [PMID: 22819688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE Justicia spicigera is a plant species used for the Teenak (Huesteca Potosina) and Mayan (Yucatan peninsula) indigenous for the empirical treatment of diabetes, infections and as stimulant. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the cytotoxicity, antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of J. spicigera. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of ethanolic extracts of J. spicigera (JSE) on the glucose uptake in insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant murine 3T3-F442A and human subcutaneous adipocytes was evaluated. The antioxidant activities of the extract of JSE was determined by ABTS and DPPH methods. Additionally, it was evaluated the antidiabetic properties of JSE on T2DM model. RESULTS JSE stimulated 2-NBDG uptake by insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant human and murine adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner with higher potency than rosiglitazone 1mM. JSE showed antioxidant effects in vitro and induced glucose lowering effects in normoglycemic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. CONCLUSION The antidiabetic effects of administration of J. spicigera are related to the stimulation of glucose uptake in both insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant murine and human adipocytes and this evidence justify its empirical use in Traditional Medicine. In addition, J. spicigera exerts glucose lowering effects in normoglycemic and STZ-induced diabetic rats.
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