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Li J, Du J, Li S, Wang X. Identification and Characterization of a Double-Stranded RNA Degrading Nuclease Influencing RNAi Efficiency in the Rice Leaf Folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073961. [PMID: 35409320 PMCID: PMC8999895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis is one of the most serious pests of rice in rice-planting regions worldwide. DsRNA-degrading nucleases (dsRNases) are important factors in reducing the efficiency of RNA interference (RNAi) in different insects. In this study, a dsRNase gene from C. medinalis (CmdsRNase) was cloned and characterized. The CmdsRNase cDNA was 1395 bp in length, encoding 464 amino acids. The CmdsRNase zymoprotein contains a signal peptide and an endonuclease NS domain that comprises six active sites, three substrate-binding sites, and one Mg2+-binding site. The mature CmdsRNase forms a homodimer with a total of 16 α-helices and 20 β-pleated sheets. Homology and phylogenetic analyses revealed that CmdsRNase is closely related to dsRNase2 in Ostrinia nubilalis. Expression pattern analysis by droplet digital PCR indicated that the expression levels of CmdsRNase varied throughout the developmental stages of C. medinalis and in different adult tissues, with the highest expression levels in the fourth-instar larvae and the hemolymph. CmdsRNase can degrade dsRNA to reduce the efficiency of RNAi in C. medinalis. Co-silencing of CmCHS (chitin synthase from C. medinalis) and CmdsRNase affected significantly the growth and development of C. medinalis and thus improved RNAi efficacy, which increased by 27.17%. These findings will be helpful for green control of C. medinalis and other lepidopteran pests by RNAi.
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Plastid Transformation of Micro-Tom Tomato with a Hemipteran Double-Stranded RNA Results in RNA Interference in Multiple Insect Species. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073918. [PMID: 35409279 PMCID: PMC8999928 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) holds great promise for insect pest control, as plants can be transformed to produce double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to selectively down-regulate insect genes essential for survival. For optimum potency, dsRNA can be produced in plant plastids, enabling the accumulation of unprocessed dsRNAs. However, the relative effectiveness of this strategy in inducing an RNAi response in insects using different feeding mechanisms is understudied. To investigate this, we first tested an in vitro-synthesized 189 bp dsRNA matching a highly conserved region of the v-ATPaseA gene from cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis) on three insect species from two different orders that use leaf-chewing, lacerate-and-flush, or sap-sucking mechanisms to feed, and showed that the dsRNA significantly down-regulated the target gene. We then developed transplastomic Micro-tom tomato plants to produce the dsRNA in plant plastids and showed that the dsRNA is produced in leaf, flower, green fruit, red fruit, and roots, with the highest dsRNA levels found in the leaf. The plastid-produced dsRNA induced a significant gene down-regulation in insects using leaf-chewing and lacerate-and-flush feeding mechanisms, while sap-sucking insects were unaffected. Our results suggest that plastid-produced dsRNA can be used to control leaf-chewing and lacerate-and-flush feeding insects, but may not be useful for sap-sucking insects.
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Schvartzman C, Fresia P, Murchio S, Mujica MV, Dalla-Rizza M. RNAi in Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): Transcriptome Assembly for the Development of Pest Control Strategies. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:804839. [PMID: 35432425 PMCID: PMC9011191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.804839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Red-banded stink bug Piezodorus guildinii (P. guildinii) has been described as the most damaging stink bug regarding soybean crops, leading to seed injury, low germination percentages, and foliar retention, at low population densities. In recent years, RNA interference (RNAi), a conserved eukaryote silencing mechanism has been explored to develop species-selective pesticides. In this work, we evaluated RNAi in P. guildinii to develop new pest-control strategies. For this, we assembled and annotated a P. guildinii transcriptome from a pool of all developmental stages. Analysis of this transcriptome led to the identification of 56 genes related to the silencing process encompassing siRNA, miRNA, and piRNA pathways. To evaluate the functionality of RNAi machinery, P. guildinii adults were injected with 28 ng/mg of body weight of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting vATPase A. A mortality of 35 and 51.6% was observed after 7 and 14 days, respectively, and a downregulation of vATPase A gene of 84% 72 h post-injection. In addition, Dicer-2 and Argonaute-2 genes, core RNAi proteins, were upregulated 1.8-fold 48 h after injection. These findings showed for the first time that RNAi is functional in P. guildinii and the silencing of essential genes has a significant effect in adult viability. Taken together, the work reported here shows that RNAi could be an interesting approach for the development of red-banded stink bug control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schvartzman
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Fresia
- Unidad Mixta Pasteur + INIA (UMPI), Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sara Murchio
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - María Valentina Mujica
- Unidad de Protección Vegetal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Marco Dalla-Rizza
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, Canelones, Uruguay
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Zeng J, Kang WN, Jin L, Anjum AA, Li GQ. Vacuolar ATPase subunit F is critical for larval survival in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:177-189. [PMID: 34787941 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar ATPase (vATPase) is an important proton pump in insect tissues including gut and Malpighian tubule. Subunit F, one of the 16 subunits of the vATPase holoenzyme, is not well characterized. Here, we found that two HvvATPaseF isoforms were highly expressed in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules (MT) in the 28-spotted lady-beetle Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, an agricultural pest that feeds on Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Knockdown of both HvvATPaseF variants by RNA interference (RNAi) delayed larval growth and negatively affected ecdysis and adult emergence. In the midgut, RNAi treatment resulted in the disappearance of peritrophic membrane, the reduction in the size and the impaired integrity of the gut, which was associated with sparse principle cells and an increase in TUNEL- and EdU-positive cells. Whereas the MT were opaque and the tubule lumens were full of urine in dsegfp-fed larvae, the tubules were clear and the tubule lumens were empty in the dsvATPaseF-fed larvae. HvvATPaseF knockdown was also associated with a decrease in the abundance of the fat body and the levels of glucose, trehalose, triglyceride, total soluble amino acids and proteins, and an increase in glycogen. Consistent with the known effects of sugars on chitin formation, both the expression level of a chitin biosynthesis gene and the thickness of the head capsule cuticle were reduced in the HvvATPaseF-depleted beetles. Our results demonstrated that subunit F plays an essential role in H. vigintioctopunctata development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China/State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Nan Kang
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China/State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China/State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmad Ali Anjum
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China/State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in East China/State and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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RNA Interference-Based Pesticides and Antiviral Agents: Microbial Overproduction Systems for Double-Stranded RNA for Applications in Agriculture and Aquaculture. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi)-based pesticides are pest control agents that use RNAi mechanisms as the basis of their action. They are regarded as environmentally friendly and are a promising alternative to conventional chemical pesticides. The effective substance in RNAi-based pesticides is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) designed to match the nucleotide sequence of a target essential gene of the pest of concern. When taken up by the pest, this exerts an RNAi effect and inhibits some vital biochemical/biological process in the pest. dsRNA products are also expected to be applied for the control of viral diseases in aquaculture by RNAi, especially in shrimp farming. A critical issue in the practical application of RNAi agents is that production of the dsRNA must be low-cost. Here, we review recent methods for microbial production of dsRNAs using representative microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas syringae, Corynebacterium glutamicum, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and others) as host strains. The characteristics of each dsRNA production system are discussed.
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Lei J, Tan Y, List F, Puckett R, Tarone AM, Vargo EL, Zhu-Salzman K. Cloning and Functional Characterization of a Double-Stranded RNA-Degrading Nuclease in the Tawny Crazy Ant (Nylanderia fulva). Front Physiol 2022; 13:833652. [PMID: 35153841 PMCID: PMC8836465 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.833652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference is a powerful tool that post-transcriptionally silences target genes. However, silencing efficacy varies greatly among different insect species. Recently, we attempted to knock down some housekeeping genes in the tawny crazy ant (Nylanderia fulva), a relatively new invasive species in the southern United States, but only achieved relatively low silencing efficiency when dsRNA was orally administered. Here, we detected divalent cation-dependent, dsRNA-degrading activity in the midgut fluid of worker ants in ex vivo assays. To determine whether dsRNA degradation could contribute to low effectiveness of oral RNAi in N. fulva, we cloned its sole dsRNase gene (NfdsRNase). The deduced amino acid sequence contained a signal peptide and an endonuclease domain. Sequence alignment indicated a high degree of similarity with well-characterized dsRNases, particularly the six key residues at active sites. We also identified dsRNase homologs from five other ant species and found a tight phylogenetic relationship among ant dsRNases. NfdsRNase is expressed predominantly in the abdomen of worker ants. Oral delivery of dsRNA of NfdsRNase significantly reduced the expression of NfdsRNase transcripts, and substantially suppressed dsRNA-degrading activity of worker ants’ midgut fluids as well. Our data suggest that dsRNA stability in the alimentary tract is an important factor for gene silencing efficiency in N. fulva, and that blocking NfdsRNase in gut lumen could potentially improve RNAi, a novel pest management tactic in control of N. fulva and other ant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lei
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Yongan Tan
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Fabian List
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Robert Puckett
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Aaron M. Tarone
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Edward L. Vargo
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Keyan Zhu-Salzman,
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Ripamonti M, Cerone L, Abbà S, Rossi M, Ottati S, Palmano S, Marzachì C, Galetto L. Silencing of ATP Synthase β Impairs Egg Development in the Leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus, Vector of the Phytoplasma Associated with Grapevine Flavescence Dorée. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:765. [PMID: 35054956 PMCID: PMC8775575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the natural vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma, a quarantine pest of grapevine with severe impact on European viticulture. RNA interference (RNAi) machinery components are present in S. titanus transcriptome and injection of ATP synthase β dsRNAs into adults caused gene silencing, starting three days post injection (dpi) up to 20 dpi, leading to decrease cognate protein. Silencing of this gene in the closely related leafhopper Euscelidiusvariegatus previously showed female sterility and lack of mature eggs in ovaries. Here, alteration of developing egg morphology in S. titanus ovaries as well as overexpression of hexamerin transcript (amino acid storage protein) and cathepsin L protein (lysosome proteinase) were observed in dsATP-injected females. To evaluate RNAi-specificity, E.variegatus was used as dsRNA-receiving model-species. Different doses of two sets of dsRNA-constructs targeting distinct portions of ATP synthase β gene of both species induced silencing, lack of egg development, and female sterility in E. variegatus, indicating that off-target effects must be evaluated case by case. The effectiveness of RNAi in S. titanus provides a powerful tool for functional genomics of this non-model species and paves the way toward RNAi-based strategies to limit vector population, despite several technical and regulatory constraints that still need to be overcome to allow open field application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ripamonti
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.O.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 Rue du Brill, 4422 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Luca Cerone
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.O.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari DISAFA, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Abbà
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.O.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Marika Rossi
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.O.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Sara Ottati
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.O.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari DISAFA, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, Grugliasco, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Sabrina Palmano
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.O.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Marzachì
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.O.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
| | - Luciana Galetto
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile Delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy; (M.R.); (L.C.); (S.A.); (M.R.); (S.O.); (S.P.); (C.M.)
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Double-Strand RNA (dsRNA) Delivery Methods in Insects: Diaphorina citri. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2360:253-277. [PMID: 34495520 PMCID: PMC8959005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1633-8_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RNAi is a gene-silencing mechanism conserved in the vast majority of eukaryotes. It is widely used to study gene function in animals due to the ease of eliciting gene knockdown. Beyond research applications, RNAi technology based on exogenous dsRNA is a promising candidate for next generation insect pest control. An advantage of using RNAi is that design of dsRNA essentially requires only the sequence of the target gene. The greatest challenge, however, is dsRNA delivery for large-scale insect control. Delivery methods that have widely been used are oral, injection, or via soaking. Unfortunately, each insect presents its own challenges owing to the differences in the presence of dsRNA degrading enzymes, cellular uptake efficiency, expression of core RNAi machinery, the nature of the target gene, the concentration and persistence of the dsRNA, as well as the particular way of feeding of each insect, which together cause variations in the efficiency of RNAi. In this chapter, a protocol for the synthetic production of dsRNA is described along with three methods for delivery that have been successful in one of the more problematic insects, Diaphorina citri.
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Pugsley CE, Isaac RE, Warren NJ, Cayre OJ. Linear ABC amphiphilic triblock copolymers for complexation and protection of dsRNA. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00914e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis and characterisation of linear ABC triblock copolymers, investigation of their self-assembly in aqueous solution, and complexation with and protection of double stranded-RNA (dsRNA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte E. Pugsley
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R. Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Warren
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Olivier J. Cayre
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Chatterjee M, Yadav J, Rathinam M, Karthik K, Chowdhary G, Sreevathsa R, Rao U. Amenability of Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) to gene silencing through exogenous administration and host-delivered dsRNA in pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan L.). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:189-202. [PMID: 35221579 PMCID: PMC8847478 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Insect pests are one of the major biotic stresses limiting yield in commercially important crops. The lepidopteran polyphagous spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata causes significant economic losses in legumes including pigeonpea. RNA interference (RNAi)-based gene silencing has emerged as one of the potential biotechnological tools for crop improvement. We report in this paper, RNAi in M. vitrata through exogenous administration of dsRNA with sequence specificity to three functionally important genes, Alpha-amylase (α-amylase), Chymotrypsin-like serine protease (CTLP) and Tropomyosin (TPM) into the larval haemolymph and their host-delivered RNAi in pigeonpea. Significant decline in the expression of selected genes supported by over-expression of DICER and generation of siRNA indicated the occurrence of RNAi in the dsRNA-injected larvae. Additionally, the onset of RNAi in the herbivore was demonstrated in pigeonpea, one of the prominent hosts, by host-delivered dsRNA. Transgenics in pigeonpea (cv. Pusa 992), a highly recalcitrant crop, were developed through a shoot apical meristem-targeted in planta transformation strategy and evaluated. Plant level bioassays in transgenic events characterized and selected at molecular level showed mortality of M. vitrata larvae as well as reduced feeding when compared to wild-type. Furthermore, molecular evidence for down regulation of target genes in the insects that fed on transgenic plants authenticated RNAi. Considering the variability of gene silencing in lepidopteran pests, this study provided corroborative proof for the possibility of gene silencing in M. vitrata through both the strategies. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01133-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Chatterjee
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | - Jyoti Yadav
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Maniraj Rathinam
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kesiraju Karthik
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Gopal Chowdhary
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha India
| | | | - Uma Rao
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Willow J, Veromann E. Highly Variable Dietary RNAi Sensitivity Among Coleoptera. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:790816. [PMID: 34950174 PMCID: PMC8688912 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.790816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many herbivorous beetles (Order Coleoptera) contribute to serious losses in crop yields and forest trees, and plant biotechnology solutions are being developed with the hope of limiting these losses. Due to the unprecedented target-specificity of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), and its utility in inducing RNA interference (RNAi) when consumed by target pest species, dsRNA-based plant biotechnology approaches represent the cutting edge of current pesticide research and development. We review dietary RNAi studies in coleopterans and discuss prospects and future directions regarding RNAi-based management of coleopteran plant pests. Herein, we also provide a balanced overview of existing studies in order to provide an accurate re-assessment of dietary RNAi sensitivity in coleopterans, despite the limitations to the existing body of scientific literature. We further discuss impediments to our understanding of RNAi sensitivity in this important insect order and identify critical future directions for research in this area, with an emphasis on using plant biotechnology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Willow
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Plants and Crops, Laboratory of Agrozoology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eve Veromann
- Chair of Plant Health, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
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Mehlhorn S, Hunnekuhl VS, Geibel S, Nauen R, Bucher G. Establishing RNAi for basic research and pest control and identification of the most efficient target genes for pest control: a brief guide. Front Zool 2021; 18:60. [PMID: 34863212 PMCID: PMC8643023 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00444-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful tool for knocking-down gene function in diverse taxa including arthropods for both basic biological research and application in pest control. The conservation of the RNAi mechanism in eukaryotes suggested that it should-in principle-be applicable to most arthropods. However, practical hurdles have been limiting the application in many taxa. For instance, species differ considerably with respect to efficiency of dsRNA uptake from the hemolymph or the gut. Here, we review some of the most frequently encountered technical obstacles when establishing RNAi and suggest a robust procedure for establishing this technique in insect species with special reference to pests. Finally, we present an approach to identify the most effective target genes for the potential control of agricultural and public health pests by RNAi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Mehlhorn
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, R&D, Pest Control, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vera S Hunnekuhl
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven Geibel
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, R&D, Pest Control, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Crop Science Division, Bayer AG, R&D, Pest Control, Alfred-Nobel-Straße 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Gregor Bucher
- Department of Evolutionary Developmental Genetics, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Guo W, Guo M, Yang C, Liu Z, Chen S, Lü J, Qiu B, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Pan H. RNA interference-mediated silencing of vATPase subunits A and E affect survival and development of the 28-spotted ladybeetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:1664-1676. [PMID: 33421334 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a powerful tool for developing novel management strategies for controlling insect pests. The 28-spotted ladybeetle, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is one of the most important pests attacking solanaceous plants in Asia. In this study, the potential of dietary RNAi to manage H. vigintioctopunctata was investigated using both in vitro synthesized and bacterially expressed double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) of HvvATPase A and HvvATPase E. The expression levels of HvvATPase A and HvvATPase E were higher in Malpighian tubules than in other tissue types. The silencing of HvvATPase A and HvvATPase E led to significant mortality in H. vigintioctopunctata larvae. In addition, the ingestion of HvvATPase A and HvvATPase E significantly deterred feeding behavior and subsequently arrested the development of H. vigintioctopunctata. Notably, the bacterially expressed dsRNAs consistently caused higher mortality in larvae and adults. Finally, the nontarget effects of the dsRNAs of H. vigintioctopunctata on the predatory ladybeetle Propylaea japonica were evaluated. P. japonica 1st instar larvae were administered vATPase A and vATPase E dsRNAs from H. vigintioctopunctata and P. japonica under the worst-case scenario, in which dsGFP served as negative control. There were significant effects of dsHvvATPase A on P. japonica at the transcriptional level but not at the organismal level, whereas dsHvvATPase E did not effect P. japonica at either the transcriptional or the organismal level. Collectively, the results of the study suggest that HvvATPase A and HvvATPase E can act as novel molecular targets for the control of H. vigintioctopunctata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mujuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhuoqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jing Lü
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Baoli Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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Swevers L, Kontogiannatos D, Kolliopoulou A, Ren F, Feng M, Sun J. Mechanisms of Cell Entry by dsRNA Viruses: Insights for Efficient Delivery of dsRNA and Tools for Improved RNAi-Based Pest Control. Front Physiol 2021; 12:749387. [PMID: 34858204 PMCID: PMC8632066 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.749387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While RNAi is often heralded as a promising new strategy for insect pest control, a major obstacle that still remains is the efficient delivery of dsRNA molecules within the cells of the targeted insects. However, it seems overlooked that dsRNA viruses already have developed efficient strategies for transport of dsRNA molecules across tissue barriers and cellular membranes. Besides protecting their dsRNA genomes in a protective shell, dsRNA viruses also display outer capsid layers that incorporate sophisticated mechanisms to disrupt the plasma membrane layer and to translocate core particles (with linear dsRNA genome fragments) within the cytoplasm. Because of the perceived efficiency of the translocation mechanism, it is well worth analyzing in detail the molecular processes that are used to achieve this feat. In this review, the mechanism of cell entry by dsRNA viruses belonging to the Reoviridae family is discussed in detail. Because of the large amount of progress in mammalian versus insect models, the mechanism of infections of reoviruses in mammals (orthoreoviruses, rotaviruses, orbiviruses) will be treated as a point of reference against which infections of reoviruses in insects (orbiviruses in midges, plant viruses in hemipterans, insect-specific cypoviruses in lepidopterans) will be compared. The goal of this discussion is to uncover the basic principles by which dsRNA viruses cross tissue barriers and translocate their cargo to the cellular cytoplasm; such knowledge subsequently can be incorporated into the design of dsRNA virus-based viral-like particles for optimal delivery of RNAi triggers in targeted insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Swevers
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Kontogiannatos
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Kolliopoulou
- Insect Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Feifei Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingchen Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Hernández-Soto A, Chacón-Cerdas R. RNAi Crop Protection Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12148. [PMID: 34830030 PMCID: PMC8625170 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNAi technology is a versatile, effective, safe, and eco-friendly alternative for crop protection. There is plenty of evidence of its use through host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) and emerging evidence that spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) techniques can work as well to control viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects, and nematodes. For SIGS, its most significant challenge is achieving stability and avoiding premature degradation of RNAi in the environment or during its absorption by the target organism. One alternative is encapsulation in liposomes, virus-like particles, polyplex nanoparticles, and bioclay, which can be obtained through the recombinant production of RNAi in vectors, transgenesis, and micro/nanoencapsulation. The materials must be safe, biodegradable, and stable in multiple chemical environments, favoring the controlled release of RNAi. Most of the current research on encapsulated RNAi focuses primarily on oral delivery to control insects by silencing essential genes. The regulation of RNAi technology focuses on risk assessment using different approaches; however, this technology has positive economic, environmental, and human health implications for its use in agriculture. The emergence of alternatives combining RNAi gene silencing with the induction of resistance in crops by elicitation and metabolic control is expected, as well as multiple silencing and biotechnological optimization of its large-scale production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Hernández-Soto
- Doctorado en Ciencia Naturales para el Desarrollo (DOCINADE), Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Universidad Nacional, Universidad Estatal a Distancia, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Biology School, Biotechnology Research Center, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica;
| | - Randall Chacón-Cerdas
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Biology School, Biotechnology Research Center, Cartago P.O. Box 159-7050, Costa Rica;
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Khalil SMS, Munawar K, Alahmed AM, Mohammed AMA. RNAi-Mediated Screening of Selected Target Genes Against Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2177-2185. [PMID: 34197598 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus, a member of the Culex pipiens complex, is widespread in Saudi Arabia and other parts of the world. It is a vector for lymphatic filariasis, Rift Valley fever, and West Nile virus. Studies have shown the deleterious effect of RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of various lethal genes in model and agricultural pest insects. RNAi was proposed as a tool for mosquito control with a focus on Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae. In this study, we examined the effect of RNAi of selected target genes on both larval mortality and adult emergence of Cx. quinquefasciatus through two delivery methods: soaking and nanoparticles. Ten candidate genes were selected for RNAi based on their known lethal effect in other insects. Disruption of three genes, chitin synthase-1, inhibitor of apoptosis 1, and vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase, resulted in the highest mortality among the selected genes using the two treatment methods. Silencing the other seven genes resulted in a medium to low mortality in both assays. These three genes are also active against a wide range of insects and could be used for RNAi-based mosquito control in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed M S Khalil
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Gamaa Street, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kashif Munawar
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam M Alahmed
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M A Mohammed
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, 9 Gamaa Street, Giza, Egypt
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Rasool KG, Mehmood K, Tufail M, Husain M, Alwaneen WS, Aldawood AS. Silencing of vitellogenin gene contributes to the promise of controlling red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier). Sci Rep 2021; 11:21695. [PMID: 34737372 PMCID: PMC8568968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01159-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Red palm weevil [Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier)], is native to South Asia and expanding its distribution range globally. Recent invasions of red palm weevil around the world, including Saudi Arabia, has become a global constraint for the production of palm species. Although, several control measures have been tested, none of them seemed successful against this invasive species. Therefore, we focused on silencing the reproduction control gene vitellogenin (Vg) based on RNA interference (RNAi) strategy for its possible application in the management of R. ferrugineus. The Vg is a major yolk protein precursor critical for oogenesis. To do this, fat body transcriptome of R. ferrugineus female adults was sequenced, which provided partial Vg gene transcript (FPKM 5731.60). A complete RfVg gene transcript of 5504 bp encoding 1787 amino acids was then sequenced using RCAE-PCR strategy and characterized. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that RfVg has closer ancestry to the coleopteran insects. The RfVg-based RNAi significantly suppressed the expressions of Vg gene. The 15, 20 and 25 days post-injection periods suppressed Vg expressions by 95, 96.6 and 99%, respectively. The suppressed Vg expressions resulted in the dramatic failure of Vg protein expression, which caused atrophied ovaries or no oogenesis and ultimately eggs were not hatched. These results suggest that knockdown of Vg gene involved in R. ferrugineus reproduction is a promising target for RNAi-based management of R. ferrugineus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja G Rasool
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef (MNS) University of Agriculture, Multan, 60000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mureed Husain
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Waleed S Alwaneen
- National Center for Agricultural Technology (NCAT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S Aldawood
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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68
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Palmer S, Dearden PK, Mercier OR, King-Hunt A, Lester PJ. Gene drive and RNAi technologies: a bio-cultural review of next-generation tools for pest wasp management in New Zealand. J R Soc N Z 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/03036758.2021.1985531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Symon Palmer
- Te Kawa a Māui – School of Māori Studies, Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Peter K. Dearden
- Genomics Aotearoa, Bioprotection Research Centre, and Biochemistry Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ocean R. Mercier
- Te Kawa a Māui – School of Māori Studies, Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Alan King-Hunt
- Te Kawa a Māui – School of Māori Studies, Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Phillip J. Lester
- School of Biology, Te Herenga Waka – Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
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69
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Joga MR, Mogilicherla K, Smagghe G, Roy A. RNA Interference-Based Forest Protection Products (FPPs) Against Wood-Boring Coleopterans: Hope or Hype? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:733608. [PMID: 34567044 PMCID: PMC8461336 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.733608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Forest insects are emerging in large extension in response to ongoing climatic changes, penetrating geographic barriers, utilizing novel hosts, and influencing many hectares of conifer forests worldwide. Current management strategies have been unable to keep pace with forest insect population outbreaks, and therefore novel and aggressive management strategies are urgently required to manage forest insects. RNA interference (RNAi), a Noble Prize-winning discovery, is an emerging approach that can be used for forest protection. The RNAi pathway is triggered by dsRNA molecules, which, in turn, silences genes and disrupts protein function, ultimately causing the death of the targeted insect. RNAi is very effective against pest insects; however, its proficiency varies significantly among insect species, tissues, and genes. The coleopteran forest insects are susceptible to RNAi and can be the initial target, but we lack practical means of delivery, particularly in systems with long-lived, endophagous insects such as the Emerald ash borer, Asian longhorn beetles, and bark beetles. The widespread use of RNAi in forest pest management has major challenges, including its efficiency, target gene selection, dsRNA design, lack of reliable dsRNA delivery methods, non-target and off-target effects, and potential resistance development in wood-boring pest populations. This review focuses on recent innovations in RNAi delivery that can be deployed against forest pests, such as cationic liposome-assisted (lipids), nanoparticle-enabled (polymers or peptides), symbiont-mediated (fungi, bacteria, and viruses), and plant-mediated deliveries (trunk injection, root absorption). Our findings guide future risk analysis of dsRNA-based forest protection products (FPPs) and risk assessment frameworks incorporating sequence complementarity-based analysis for off-target predictions. This review also points out barriers to further developing RNAi for forest pest management and suggests future directions of research that will build the future use of RNAi against wood-boring coleopterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna Reddy Joga
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- EVA.4 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amit Roy
- Excellent Team for Mitigation, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- EVA.4 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
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Taracena ML, Garcia Caffaro I, Paiva-Silva GO, Oliveira PL, Rendon PA, Dotson EM, Pennington PM. Delivery of Double-Stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) Produced by Escherichia coli HT115(DE3) for Nontransgenic RNAi-Based Insect Pest Management. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2360:279-294. [PMID: 34495521 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1633-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful mechanism that can be exploited not only for physiology research but also for designing insect pest management approaches. Some insects cause harm by vectoring diseases dangerous to humans, livestock, or plants or by damaging crops. For at least a decade now, different insect control strategies that induce RNAi by delivering double stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting essential genes have been proposed. Here, we focus on nontransgenic RNAi-based approaches that use oral delivery of dsRNA through feeding of inactivated bacteria to produce RNAi in disease vectors and in a crop pest. This potential pest management method could be easily adapted to target different genes or similar organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel L Taracena
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Entomology Department, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Isabella Garcia Caffaro
- Centro de Estudios en Biotecnología (CEB) Affiliated to the Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (UVG), Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Gabriela O Paiva-Silva
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- Programa de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro A Rendon
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Technical Cooperation Projects for the Region of Latin America and the Caribbean, IAEA/TC-LAC - USDA/APHIS - Moscamed Program, Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Ellen M Dotson
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Entomology Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Center for Global Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pamela M Pennington
- Centro de Estudios en Biotecnología (CEB) Affiliated to the Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala (UVG), Guatemala, Guatemala
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71
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Dos Santos Silva J, de Santana Cerqueira LR, Hunter WB, de Andrade EC. RNAi Feeding Bioassay: A Protocol for dsRNA Screening Against Asian Citrus Psyllid and Related Hemipteran Insects. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2021; 2360:85-90. [PMID: 34495509 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1633-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) comprises a natural mechanism of gene regulation and antiviral defense system in eukaryotic cells, and results in sequence-specific degradation of RNAs. Recent scientific studies demonstrate the feasibility of use RNAi-based strategies to control pest and pathogens in plants. A key step in developing RNAi-based products is a reliable method to appropriated screening of selected dsRNAs.Herein presented are a bioassay for screening dsRNAs to control the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri, vector of citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) and other hemipterans. The RNAi feeding bioassay, called in plant system (iPS), uses vegetative new growth citrus flush to deliver double-strand RNA (dsRNA ) to ACP during natural feeding .
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72
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Yoon JS, Ahn SJ, Flinn CM, Choi MY. Identification and functional analysis of dsRNases in spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 107:e21822. [PMID: 34155698 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RNAi efficiency in insects is different from species to species; some species in Coleoptera are relatively more amenable to RNA interference (RNAi) than other species. One of the major factors is the presence of dsRNA-degrading enzymes, called dsRNases, in saliva, gut, or hemolymph in insects, which degrade the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) introduced, resulting in the low efficacy of RNAi. In this study, we report a dsRNA-degrading activity in the gut homogenates from the spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, by ex vivo assay. Then, we identified two Drosophila suzukii dsRNase genes, named DrosudsRNase1 and DrosudsRNase2. In silico analysis shows that the gene structures are similar to dsRNases found in other insects. When dsRNases expressed in Sf9 cells were compared for their dsRNA degrading activities, dsRNase1 was more vital than dsRNase2. Both dsRNases were expressed highly and exclusively in the gut compared to the rest of body. Also, they were highly expressed during larval and adult stages but not in embryonic and pupal stages, suggesting the dsRNases protect foreign RNA molecules received during the feeding periods. DsRNase1 was expressed at a higher level in adults, whereas dsRNase2 showed more expression in early larvae. Our study on the tissue and development-specific patterns of dsRNases provides an improved understanding of the RNAi application for the management of D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Sun Yoon
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Seung-Joon Ahn
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, USA
| | - Christina M Flinn
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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Koch A, Wassenegger M. Host-induced gene silencing - mechanisms and applications. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:54-59. [PMID: 33774815 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology has emerged as a powerful alternative to chemical treatments for protecting plants from pathogens or pests. More than 170 HIGS studies have been published so far, and HIGS products have been launched. First, we discuss the strengths and limitations of this technology in a pathosystem-specific context. Next, we highlight the requirement for fundamental knowledge on the molecular mechanisms (i.e. uptake, processing and translocation of transgene-expressed double-stranded RNAs) that determine the efficacy and specificity of HIGS. Additionally, we speculate on the contribution of host and target RNA interference machineries, which may be incompatible depending on the lifestyle of the pathogen or pest. Finally, we predict that closing these gaps in knowledge will lead to the development of novel integrative concepts, precise risk assessment and tailor-made HIGS therapy for plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Koch
- Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Straße 5, Stuttgart, D-70599, Germany
| | - Michael Wassenegger
- RLP AgroScience, Breitenweg 71, Neustadt, 67435, Germany
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 69120, Germany
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Zeng J, Mu LL, Jin L, Ali Anjum A, Li GQ. RNAi of vacuolar-type H +-ATPase genes causes growth delay and molting defect in Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:1-10. [PMID: 34112278 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is one of the most serious insect pests to a large number of nightshades and cucurbits. RNA interference (RNAi) triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) offers a reduced risk approach to control the beetle. Identification of amenable target genes and determination of appropriate life stage for dsRNA treatment are two critical steps in order to improve RNAi efficiency. In the present paper, we identified three vATPase genes, namely HvvATPaseC, HvvATPaseE and HvvATPaseH. We found that the three transcripts were widely expressed in the eggs, first- to fourth-instar larvae, prepupae, pupae and adults. They were abundantly transcribed in the hindgut and Malpighian tubules, in contrast to the epidermis and fat body. Three days' ingestion of dsvATPaseC, dsvATPaseE and dsvATPaseH by the fourth-instar larvae significantly decreased corresponding transcript level by 90.1, 88.9 and 97.2%, greatly reduced larval fresh weight by 28.0, 29.9 and 28.0%, and caused 66.7, 100 and 78.7% larval lethality respectively. Comparably, 3 days' exposure of the third-instar larvae to dsvATPaseC significantly reduced HvvATPaseC mRNA level by 89.5%, decreased approximately 80% of the larval fresh weight, and killed 100% of the treated larvae. Therefore, the three vATPase genes, especially HvvATPaseE, are potential amenable target genes and young larvae are more susceptible to dsRNA. Our findings will enable the development of the dsRNA-based pesticide to control H. vigintioctopunctata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zeng
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Li-Li Mu
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Lin Jin
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Ahmad Ali Anjum
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Guo-Qing Li
- Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
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Evaluating toxicity of Varroa mite (Varroa destructor)-active dsRNA to monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) larvae. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251884. [PMID: 34077444 PMCID: PMC8171953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Varroa mites (Varroa destructor) are parasitic mites that, combined with other factors, are contributing to high levels of honey bee (Apis mellifera) colony losses. A Varroa-active dsRNA was recently developed to control Varroa mites within honey bee brood cells. This dsRNA has 372 base pairs that are homologous to a sequence region within the Varroa mite calmodulin gene (cam). The Varroa-active dsRNA also shares a 21-base pair match with monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) calmodulin mRNA, raising the possibility of non-target effects if there is environmental exposure. We chronically exposed the entire monarch larval stage to common (Asclepias syriaca) and tropical (Asclepias curassavica) milkweed leaves treated with concentrations of Varroa-active dsRNA that are one- and ten-fold higher than those used to treat honey bee hives. This corresponded to concentrations of 0.025-0.041 and 0.211-0.282 mg/g leaf, respectively. Potassium arsenate and a previously designed monarch-active dsRNA with a 100% base pair match to the monarch v-ATPase A mRNA (leaf concentration was 0.020-0.034 mg/g) were used as positive controls. The Varroa mite and monarch-active dsRNA's did not cause significant differences in larval mortality, larval or pupal development, pupal weights, or adult eclosion rates when compared to negative controls. Irrespective of control or dsRNA treatment, larvae that consumed approximately 7500 to 10,500-mg milkweed leaf within 10 to 12 days had the highest pupal weights. The lack of mortality and sublethal effects following dietary exposure to dsRNA with 21-base pair and 100% base pair match to mRNAs that correspond to regulatory genes suggest monarch mRNA may be refractory to silencing by dsRNA or monarch dsRNase may degrade dsRNA to a concentration that is insufficient to silence mRNA signaling.
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Exogenous administration of dsRNA for the demonstration of RNAi in Maruca vitrata (lepidoptera: crambidae). 3 Biotech 2021; 11:197. [PMID: 33927988 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyphagous spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata is an important agricultural pest that causes extensive damage on various food crops. Though the pest is managed by synthetic chemicals, exploration of biotechnological approaches for its control is important. RNAi-based gene silencing is one such tool that has been extensively used for functional genomics and is highly variable in insects. In view of this, we have attempted to demonstrate RNAi in M. vitrata through exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) administration targeting seven genes associated with midgut, chemosensory, cell signalling and development. Two modes of exogenous dsRNA delivery by either haemolymph injection and/or ingestion into third and late third instar larval stages respectively exhibited efficient silencing of specific transcripts. Furthermore, dsRNA injection into the haemolymph showed significant reduction of target gene expression compared to negative controls establishing this mode of delivery to be more efficient. Interestingly, haemolymph injection required lesser dsRNA and led to higher reduction of transcript level vis-à-vis ingestion as demonstrated in dsRNA Serine Protease 33 (ds-SP33)-fed larvae. Over-expression of key RNAi component DICER and detection of siRNA authenticated the presence of RNAi in M. vitrata. Additionally, we have identified inhibitor molecules like morpholine, piperidine, carboxamide and piperidine-carboxamide through in silico analysis for blocking the function of SP33 to demonstrate the utility of functional genomics. Thus, the present study establishes the usefulness of injection and ingestion approaches for exogenous dsRNA delivery into M. vitrata larvae for effective RNAi. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02741-8.
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Arya SK, Singh S, Upadhyay SK, Tiwari V, Saxena G, Verma PC. RNAi-based gene silencing in Phenacoccus solenopsis and its validation by in planta expression of a double-stranded RNA. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:1796-1805. [PMID: 33270964 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cotton is a cash crop majorly affected by many hemipteran pests, among them the cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis. Cotton mealybug attack has a devastating effect on cotton production and causes huge yield losses. RESULTS In this study, 25 potential RNA interference (RNAi) target genes were selected from the iBeetle database and a transcriptome data set for P. solenopsis. To assess the effectiveness of the selected target genes, three methods were utilized to deliver double-stranded (ds)RNA (ingestion, artificial diet bioassay and transient gene silencing). dsRNA molecules at different concentrations were fed to insects and insect mortality was recorded for each target gene. Based on the mortality data, three genes, Krüppel homologue-1, ADP-ATP/Translocase and IDGF-1, were selected for further gene expression studies using a reduced concentration of dsRNA (5 μg/ml). Of the three genes, Krüppel homologue-1 showed significantly downregulated expression (by 70.81% and 84.33%) at two different time points (8 and 14 days). An RNAi silencing construct was designed for Krüppel homologue-1 under control of the double enhancer CamV35S promoter in the plant binary vector. Significant downregulation of gene expression, by 66.69% and 81.80%, was found for Krüppel homologue-1 using transient gene silencing at the same time intervals. CONCLUSION This work provides the first evidence for targeting the Krüppel homologue-1 gene in a hemipteran pest, P. solenopsis, using RNAi technology through oral delivery and in planta-based transient gene silencing methods. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjeet Kumar Arya
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
| | - Sanchita Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | | | - Vipin Tiwari
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Gauri Saxena
- Department of Botany, Lucknow University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen C Verma
- Plant Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering Department, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
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78
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Transgenic Expression of dsRNA Targeting the Pentalonia nigronervosa acetylcholinesterase Gene in Banana and Plantain Reduces Aphid Populations. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040613. [PMID: 33804880 PMCID: PMC8063806 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The banana aphid, Pentalonia nigronervosa, is the sole insect vector of banana bunchy top virus (BBTV), the causal agent of banana bunchy top disease. The aphid acquires and transmits BBTV while feeding on infected banana plants. RNA interference (RNAi) enables the generation of pest and disease-resistant crops; however, its effectiveness relies on the identification of pivotal gene sequences to target and silence. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an essential enzyme responsible for the hydrolytic metabolism of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in animals. In this study, the AChE gene of the banana aphid was targeted for silencing by RNAi through transgenic expression of AChE dsRNA in banana and plantain plants. The efficacy of dsRNA was first assessed using an artificial feeding assay. In vitro aphid feeding on a diet containing 7.5% sucrose, and sulfate complexes of trace metals supported aphid growth and reproduction. When AChE dsRNA was included in the diet, a dose of 500 ng/μL was lethal to the aphids. Transgenic banana cv. Cavendish Williams and plantain cvs. Gonja Manjaya and Orishele expressing AChE dsRNA were regenerated and assessed for transgene integration and copy number. When aphids were maintained on elite transgenic events, there was a 67.8%, 46.7%, and 75.6% reduction in aphid populations growing on Cavendish Williams, Gonja Manjaya, and Orishele cultivars, respectively, compared to those raised on nontransgenic control plants. These results suggest that RNAi targeting an essential aphid gene could be a useful means of reducing both aphid infestation and potentially the spread of the disease they transmit.
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79
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Current Status and Potential of RNA Interference for the Management of Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus and Thrips Vectors. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030320. [PMID: 33803131 PMCID: PMC8001667 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) is the type member of the genus Orthotospovirus in the family Tospoviridae and order Bunyavirales. TSWV, transmitted by several species of thrips, causes significant disease losses to agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide, impacting both the yield and quality of the produce. Management strategies include growing virus-resistant cultivars, cultural practices, and managing thrips vectors through pesticide application. However, numerous studies have reported that TSWV isolates can overcome host-plant resistance, while thrips are developing resistance to pesticides that were once effective. RNA interference (RNAi) offers a means of host defence by using double-stranded (ds) RNA to initiate gene silencing against invading viruses. However, adoption of this approach requires production and use of transgenic plants and thus limits the practical application of RNAi against TSWV and other viruses. To fully utilize the potential of RNAi for virus management at the field level, new and novel approaches are needed. In this review, we summarize RNAi and highlight the potential of topical or exogenous application of RNAi triggers for managing TSWV and thrips vectors.
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Santos D, Remans S, Van den Brande S, Vanden Broeck J. RNAs on the Go: Extracellular Transfer in Insects with Promising Prospects for Pest Management. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:484. [PMID: 33806650 PMCID: PMC8001424 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
RNA-mediated pathways form an important regulatory layer of myriad biological processes. In the last decade, the potential of RNA molecules to contribute to the control of agricultural pests has not been disregarded, specifically via the RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism. In fact, several proofs-of-concept have been made in this scope. Furthermore, a novel research field regarding extracellular RNAs and RNA-based intercellular/interorganismal communication is booming. In this article, we review key discoveries concerning extracellular RNAs in insects, insect RNA-based cell-to-cell communication, and plant-insect transfer of RNA. In addition, we overview the molecular mechanisms implicated in this form of communication and discuss future biotechnological prospects, namely from the insect pest-control perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Santos
- Research Group of Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.R.); (S.V.d.B.); (J.V.B.)
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81
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Mohan C, Shibao PYT, de Paula FFP, Toyama D, Vieira MAS, Figueira A, Scotton D, Soares-Costa A, Henrique-Silva F. hRNAi-mediated knock-down of Sphenophorus levis V-ATPase E in transgenic sugarcane (Saccharum spp interspecific hybrid) affects the insect growth and survival. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:507-516. [PMID: 33389048 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic sugarcane expressing V-ATPase subunit E dsRNA affects growth and survival of Sphenophorus levis. Plants being sessile organisms are constantly confronted with several biotic and abiotic stresses. Sugarcane (Saccharum spp) is a major tropical crop widely cultivated for its sugar and other by-products. In Brazil, sugarcane plantations account for significant production losses due to Sphenophorus levis (sugarcane weevil) infestations. With the existing control measures being less effective, there arises a necessity for advanced strategies. Our bioassay injection experiments with V-ATPase E dsRNA in S. levis larvae showed significant mortality and reduction in transcription levels. Furthermore, we down-regulated the V-ATPase E gene of S. levis in transgenic sugarcane using an RNAi approach. The resultant RNAi transgenic lines exhibited reduction in larval growth and survival, without compromising plant performance under controlled environment. Our results illustrate that RNAi-mediated down-regulation of key genes is a promising approach in imparting resistance to sugarcane weevil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakravarthi Mohan
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Danyelle Toyama
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Figueira
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle Scotton
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Soares-Costa
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Flavio Henrique-Silva
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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82
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Husain M, Rasool KG, Tufail M, Alwaneen WS, Aldawood AS. RNAi-mediated silencing of vitellogenin gene curtails oogenesis in the almond moth Cadra cautella. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245928. [PMID: 33571307 PMCID: PMC7877660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitellogenins, major yolk protein precursors, play an essential role in the reproduction and spread of all oviparous species, including insects. To investigate reproductive strategies of the warehouse moth Cadra cautella at the molecular level, a partial transcript of the C. cautella vitellogenin (CcVg) gene was extended through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR and sequenced. The complete CcVg mRNA transcript was 5,334 bp long, which encoded a protein of 1,778 amino acids, including the first 14 amino acids of the signal peptide. The deduced CcVg protein contained a putative cleavage site (RTRR) at the amino-terminal side, similar to several other insect species. DGQR and GI/LCG motifs were present at the CcVg gene C-terminus, followed by nine cysteine residues. CcVg harbored 131 putative phosphorylation sites, numbering 84, 19, and 28 sites for serine, threonine, and tyrosine, respectively. The transcript showed a great resemblance with other lepidopteran Vgs. CcVg protein analysis revealed three conserved regions: 1) vitellogenin-N domain, 2) DUF 1943 (domain of unknown function), and 3) a von Willebrand factor type D domain. Additionally, sex, stage-specific, and developmental expression profiles of the CcVg gene were determined through RT-PCR. The Vg was first expressed in 22-day-old female larvae, and its expression increased with growth. The phylogenetic analysis based on different insect Vgs revealed that the CcVg exhibited close ancestry with lepidopterans. The CcVg-based RNAi experiments were performed, and the effects were critically evaluated. The qRT-PCR results showed that CcVg-based dsRNA suppressed the Vg gene expression up to 90% at 48 h post-injection. Moreover, CcVg-based RNAi effects resulted in low fecundity and egg hatchability in the CcVg-based dsRNA-treated females. The females laid eggs, but because of insufficient yolk protein availability the eggs could not succeed to hatch. The significant difference in the fecundity and hatchability unveils the importance of CcVg gene silencing and confirmed that the Vg gene plays a key role in C. cautella reproduction and it has the potential to be used as a target for RNAi-mediated control of this warehouse pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mureed Husain
- Plant Protection Department, Economic Entomology Research Unit, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khawaja Ghulam Rasool
- Plant Protection Department, Economic Entomology Research Unit, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Tufail
- Plant Protection Department, Economic Entomology Research Unit, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waleed Saleh Alwaneen
- National Center for Agricultural Technology (NCAT), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood
- Plant Protection Department, Economic Entomology Research Unit, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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83
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Cooper AM, Song H, Yu Z, Biondi M, Bai J, Shi X, Ren Z, Weerasekara SM, Hua DH, Silver K, Zhang J, Zhu KY. Comparison of strategies for enhancing RNA interference efficiency in Ostrinia nubilalis. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:635-645. [PMID: 33002336 PMCID: PMC7855606 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting insect-specific genes through post-transcriptional gene silencing with RNA interference (RNAi) is a new strategy for insect pest management. However, lepidopterans are recalcitrant to RNAi, which prevents application of novel RNAi technology to many notorious pests, including Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB). Strategies for enhancing RNAi efficiency, including large doses of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), nuclease inhibitors, transfection reagents, and nanoparticles, have proved useful in other insects exhibiting substantial dsRNA degradation, a major mechanism limiting RNAi efficacy. To determine if similar strategies can enhance RNAi efficiency in ECB, various reagents were tested for their ability to enhance dsRNA stability in ECB tissues, then compared for their effectiveness in whole ECB. RESULTS Ex vivo incubation experiments revealed that Meta dsRNA lipoplexes, EDTA, chitosan-based dsRNA nanoparticles, and Zn2+ enhanced dsRNA stability in ECB hemolymph and gut content extracts, compared with uncoated dsRNA. Despite these positive results, the reagents used in this study were ineffective at enhancing RNAi efficiency in ECB in vivo. To reduce assay time and required dsRNA, midguts were dissected and incubated in tissue culture medium containing dsRNA with and without reagents. These experiments showed that RNAi efficiency varied between target genes, and nuclease inhibitors improved RNAi efficiency for only a portion of the refractory target genes investigated ex vivo. CONCLUSION These results indicate that enhancing dsRNA stability is insufficient to improve RNAi efficiency in ECB and suggests the existence of additional, complex mechanisms contributing to low RNAi efficiency in ECB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia M.W. Cooper
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Huifang Song
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Zhitao Yu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Marie Biondi
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jun Bai
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510631, China
| | - Xuekai Shi
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ren
- Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Sahani M. Weerasekara
- Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Duy H. Hua
- Department of Chemistry, 213 CBC Building, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kristopher Silver
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Author for correspondence: (K.Y. Zhu)
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84
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Salvador R, Niz JM, Nakaya PA, Pedarros A, Hopp HE. Midgut Genes Knockdown by Oral dsRNA Administration Produces a Lethal Effect on Cotton Boll Weevil. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 50:121-128. [PMID: 33025569 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-020-00819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The "cotton boll weevil" (Anthonomus grandis Boheman) is a key pest in America whose larval stage develops within the cotton flower bud. During its development, the larva uses the flower bud as food and as a shelter from predators. This behavior limits the effective control through conventional insecticide applications and biocontrol techniques. Increasing genetic information from insects has allowed the development of new control technologies based on the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to design orally delivered double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) strategies. In this study, we evaluated the effect of continuous oral administration of six specific dsRNA in order to identify an effective target gene for RNAi-mediated control of cotton boll weevil. First, six selected A. grandis gene fragments were amplified and cloned to perform in vivo synthesis of the specific dsRNA, and subsequently, larvae and adults were fed with this dsRNA for 2 weeks. Larvae mortality ranged from 40 to 60% depending on the targeted gene sequence. Indeed, α-amylase and cytochrome p450 dsRNAs were the most effective. Oral administration in adults caused smaller but still significant death rates (15-30%). Thus, the results demonstrated RNAi responses depend on life stages and target genes. The dsRNA ingestion was capable of providing knockdown mRNA levels in cotton boll weevil midgut and this effect was significantly higher in the larval stage. In this study, we present a new report of silencing of midgut genes in A. grandis larva induced by continuously feeding with dsRNA. This potential new tool should be further evaluated in cotton boll weevil control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Salvador
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - José M Niz
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Nakaya
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía Pedarros
- Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola (IMyZA), Centro de investigaciones en Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias (CICVyA), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Esteban Hopp
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) and Lab de Agrobiotecnología DFBMC, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Univ de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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85
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Yan S, Ren BY, Shen J. Nanoparticle-mediated double-stranded RNA delivery system: A promising approach for sustainable pest management. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:21-34. [PMID: 32478473 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) targeting lethal genes in insects has great potential for sustainable crop protection. Compared with traditional double-stranded (ds)RNA delivery systems, nanoparticles such as chitosan, liposomes, and cationic dendrimers offer advantages in delivering dsRNA/small interfering (si)RNA to improve RNAi efficiency, thus promoting the development and practice of RNAi-based pest management strategies. Here, we illustrate the limitations of traditional dsRNA delivery systems, reveal the mechanism of nanoparticle-mediated RNAi, summarize the recent progress and successful applications of nanoparticle-mediated RNAi in pest management, and finally address the prospects of nanoparticle-based RNA pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yan
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin-Yuan Ren
- National Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Birgül Iyison N, Shahraki A, Kahveci K, Düzgün MB, Gün G. Are insect GPCRs ideal next‐generation pesticides: opportunities and challenges. FEBS J 2021; 288:2727-2745. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.15708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Necla Birgül Iyison
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering Boğaziçi University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Aida Shahraki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering Boğaziçi University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Kübra Kahveci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering Boğaziçi University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Barbaros Düzgün
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering Boğaziçi University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Gökhan Gün
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Institute of Graduate Studies in Science and Engineering Boğaziçi University Istanbul Turkey
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87
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Liang S, Luo J, Alariqi M, Xu Z, Wang A, Zafar MN, Ren J, Wang F, Liu X, Xin Y, Xu H, Guo W, Wang Y, Ma W, Chen L, Lindsey K, Zhang X, Jin S. Silencing of a LIM gene in cotton exhibits enhanced resistance against Apolygus lucorum. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:5921-5936. [PMID: 33481281 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant bugs (Miridae species) have become major agricultural pests that cause increasing and severe economic damage. Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is emerging as an eco-friendly, efficient, and reliable strategy for pest management. In this study, we isolated and characterized a lethal gene of Apolygus lucorum and named it Apolygus lucorum LIM (AlLIM), which produced A. lucorum mortality rates ranging from 38% to 81%. Downregulation of the AlLIM gene expression in A. lucorum by injection of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) led to muscle structural disorganization that resulted in metamorphosis deficiency and increased mortality. Then we constructed a plant expression vector that enabled transgenic cotton to highly and stably express dsRNA of AlLIM (dsAlLIM) by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. In the field bioassay, dsAlLIM transgenic cotton was protected from A. lucorum damage with high efficiency, with almost no detectable yield loss. Therefore, our study successfully provides a promising genetically modified strategy to overpower A. lucorum attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China.,Academy of Industry innovation and Development, Huanghuai University, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muna Alariqi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongping Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Aoli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Naeem Zafar
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fuqiu Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfeng Xin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Haonan Xu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Weifeng Guo
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanqin Wang
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alaer, Xinjiang, China
| | - Weihua Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lizhen Chen
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Keith Lindsey
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shuangxia Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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88
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Nishide Y, Kageyama D, Tanaka Y, Yokoi K, Jouraku A, Futahashi R, Fukatsu T. Effectiveness of orally-delivered double-stranded RNA on gene silencing in the stinkbug Plautia stali. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245081. [PMID: 33444324 PMCID: PMC7808618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of a reliable method for RNA interference (RNAi) by orally-delivered double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is potentially promising for crop protection. Considering that RNAi efficiency considerably varies among different insect species, it is important to seek for the practical conditions under which dsRNA-mediated RNAi effectively works against each pest insect. Here we investigated RNAi efficiency in the brown-winged green stinkbug Plautia stali, which is notorious for infesting various fruits and crop plants. Microinjection of dsRNA into P. stali revealed high RNAi efficiency-injection of only 30 ng dsRNA into last-instar nymphs was sufficient to knockdown target genes as manifested by their phenotypes, and injection of 300 ng dsRNA suppressed the gene expression levels by 80% to 99.9%. Knockdown experiments by dsRNA injection showed that multicopper oxidase 2 (MCO2), vacuolar ATPase (vATPase), inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP), and vacuolar-sorting protein Snf7 are essential for survival of P. stali, as has been demonstrated in other insects. By contrast, P. stali exhibited very low RNAi efficiency when dsRNA was orally administered. When 1000 ng/μL of dsRNA solution was orally provided to first-instar nymphs, no obvious phenotypes were observed. Consistent with this, RT-qPCR showed that the gene expression levels were not affected. A higher concentration of dsRNA (5000 ng/μL) induced mortality in some cohorts, and the gene expression levels were reduced to nearly 50%. Simultaneous oral administration of dsRNA against potential RNAi blocker genes did not improve the RNAi efficiency of the target genes. In conclusion, P. stali shows high sensitivity to RNAi with injected dsRNA but, unlike the allied pest stinkbugs Halyomorpha halys and Nezara viridula, very low sensitivity to RNAi with orally-delivered dsRNA, which highlights the varied sensitivity to RNAi across different species and limits the applicability of the molecular tool for controlling this specific insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Nishide
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail: (YN); (TF)
| | - Daisuke Kageyama
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kakeru Yokoi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Akiya Jouraku
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Institute of Agrobiological Sciences Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ryo Futahashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- * E-mail: (YN); (TF)
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89
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Chang YW, Wang YC, Zhang XX, Iqbal J, Du YZ. RNA Interference of Genes Encoding the Vacuolar-ATPase in Liriomyza trifolii. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12010041. [PMID: 33419201 PMCID: PMC7825530 DOI: 10.3390/insects12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The leafminer fly, Liriomyza trifolii, is an invasive pest of vegetable and horticultural crops in China. In this study, a microinjection method based on dsRNA was developed for RNA interference (RNAi) in L. trifolii using genes encoding vacuolar-ATPase (V-ATPase). Expression analysis indicated that V-ATPase B and V-ATPase D were more highly expressed in L. trifolii adults than in larvae or pupae. Microinjection experiments with dsV-ATPase B and dsV-ATPase D were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of RNAi in L. trifolii adults. Expression analysis indicated that microinjection with 100 ng dsV-ATPase B or dsV-ATPase led to a significant reduction in V-ATPase transcripts as compared to that of the dsGFP control (dsRNA specific to green fluorescent protein). Furthermore, lower dsRNA concentrations were also effective in reducing the expression of target genes when delivered by microinjection. Mortality was significantly higher in dsV-ATPase B- and dsV-ATPase D-treated insects than in controls injected with dsGFP. The successful deployment of RNAi in L. trifolii will facilitate functional analyses of vital genes in this economically-important pest and may ultimately result in new control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Yu-Cheng Wang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Xiao-Xiang Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Junaid Iqbal
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
| | - Yu-Zhou Du
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection & Institute of Applied Entomology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.-W.C.); (Y.-C.W.); (X.-X.Z.); (J.I.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Correspondence:
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90
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Fang Y, Park MG, Choi JY, Park DH, Wang M, Kim HJ, Kim WJ, Je YH. Insecticidal and synergistic activity of dsRNAs targeting buprofezin-specific genes against the small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 105:e21739. [PMID: 32929790 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The small brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus, is a dangerous pest in rice fields. Although buprofezin has been used to control L. striatellus for more than a decade, the occurrence of buprofezin-resistant L. striatellus has been recently reported. To develop an alternative pest control strategy, comparative transcriptome analysis of buprofezin-treated and nontreated L. striatellus was performed to screen the buprofezin-specific target genes for RNA interference (RNAi) application. Among six genes downregulated in the buprofezin-treated L. striatellus, RNAi-based silencing of the lipophorin precursor, endocuticle structure glycoprotein, and chitin synthase significantly induced the lethality of L. striatellus in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, a cocktail of double-stranded RNAs against these three genes showed synergistic effects with buprofezin. These results provide RNAi-based effective approaches to control L. striatellus as well as an efficient method to identify novel target genes for RNAi application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min G Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Y Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong H Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minghui Wang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun J Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo J Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon H Je
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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91
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Chen X, Koo J, Gurusamy D, Mogilicherla K, Reddy Palli S. Caenorhabditis elegans systemic RNA interference defective protein 1 enhances RNAi efficiency in a lepidopteran insect, the fall armyworm, in a tissue-specific manner. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1291-1299. [PMID: 33111632 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1842632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an important tool for gene function studies in insects, especially in non-model insects. This technology is also being developed for pest control. However, variable RNAi efficiency among insects is limiting its use in insects. Systemic RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans requires systemic RNA interference defective protein 1 (CeSid1). The expression of CeSid1 in insect cell lines was shown to improve RNAi. However, the mechanisms through which this double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) transporter improves RNAi efficiency in insects is not known. We stably expressed CeSid1 in two Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines, Sf9 and Sf17 cells derived from ovary and midgut, respectively. Expression of CeSid1 enhanced RNAi efficiency in ovarian Sf9 cells, but not in midgut Sf17 cells. Reduced accumulation of dsRNA in late endosomes and successful processing dsRNA to siRNA contribute to enhanced RNAi efficiency in Sf9 cells. Transgenic S. frugiperda expressing CeSid1 were produced and tested for RNAi efficiency. RNAi efficiency enhancement due to CeSid1 expression showed tissue specificity. Compared to RNAi efficiency in wild-type S. frugiperda, CeSid1 expressing transgenic S. frugiperda showed a significant improvement of RNAi in tissues such as Verson's glands. In contrast, no improvement in RNAi was observed in tissues such as midgut. The in vitro cell-type specific and in vivo tissue-specific enhancement of RNAi efficiency by CeSid1 in S. frugiperda provides valuable information for improving RNAi in insects such as those belonging to order Lepidoptera where RNAi is variable and inefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xien Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Jinmo Koo
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Dhandapani Gurusamy
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA.,Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA.,Division of Molecular Genetics, ICAR-Directorate of Poultry Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Botany, Kongunadu Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
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92
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Environmental RNA interference in two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, reveals dsRNA processing requirements for efficient RNAi response. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19126. [PMID: 33154461 PMCID: PMC7644771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of pleiotropic roles of RNAi machinery highlighted the conserved chromosomal functions of RNA interference. The consequences of the evolutionary variation in the core RNAi pathway genes are mostly unknown, but may lead to the species-specific functions associated with gene silencing. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a major polyphagous chelicerate pest capable of feeding on over 1100 plant species and developing resistance to pesticides used for its control. A well annotated genome, susceptibility to RNAi and economic importance, make T. urticae an excellent candidate for development of an RNAi protocol that enables high-throughput genetic screens and RNAi-based pest control. Here, we show that the length of the exogenous dsRNA critically determines its processivity and ability to induce RNAi in vivo. A combination of the long dsRNAs and the use of dye to trace the ingestion of dsRNA enabled the identification of genes involved in membrane transport and 26S proteasome degradation as sensitive RNAi targets. Our data demonstrate that environmental RNAi can be an efficient reverse genetics and pest control tool in T. urticae. In addition, the species-specific properties together with the variation in the components of the RNAi machinery make T. urticae a potent experimental system to study the evolution of RNAi pathways.
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93
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Pan H, Yang X, Romeis J, Siegfried BD, Zhou X. Dietary RNAi toxicity assay exhibits differential responses to ingested dsRNAs among lady beetles. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3606-3614. [PMID: 32400940 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most recently, major federal regulatory agencies deregulated an in planta RNA interference (RNAi) trait against a devastating corn pest, the western corn rootworm Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, in the United States and Canada. The impact of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) plant-incorporated protectants (PIPs) and dietary RNAi to non-target organisms, however, still needs further investigation. In this study, we assessed the potential risks of a Diabrotica virgifera virgifera active dsRNA to a group of predatory biological control agents, including Hippodamia convergens, Harmonia axyridis, Coleomegilla maculata, and Coccinella septempunctata. The overarching hypothesis is that the insecticidal dsRNA targeting Diabrotica virgifera virgifera has no or negligible adverse effect on lady beetles. RESULTS A 400-bp fragment with the highest sequence similarity between target and tested species was selected as the template for dsRNA synthesis. For the dietary RNAi toxicity assay, newly hatched first instar larvae were administered with v-ATPase A dsRNAs designed from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera and the four lady beetles, respectively. A dsRNA from β-glucuronidase (GUS), a plant gene, and H2 O were served as the negative controls. The endpoint included both sub-organismal (gene expression), and organismal (survival rate, development time, pupa and adult weight) measurements. The results from dietary RNAi toxicity assay demonstrate significantly impacts of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera-active dsRNAs on lady beetles under the worst-case scenario at both transcriptional and phenotypic level. Interestingly, substantial differences among the four lady beetle species were observed toward the ingested exogenous dsRNAs. CONCLUSION Such differential response to dietary RNAi may shed light on the mechanisms underlying the mode-of-action of RNAi-based biopesticides. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jörg Romeis
- Agroscope, Research Division Agroecology and Environment, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Blair D Siegfried
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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94
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Evaluation of RNA Interference for Control of the Grape Mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110739. [PMID: 33126451 PMCID: PMC7692628 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary RNA interference (RNAi) is a defense mechanism that protects insects from viruses by targeting and degrading RNA. This feature has been exploited to reduce the expression of endogenous RNA for determining functions of various genes and for killing insect pests by targeting genes that are vital for insect survival. When dsRNA matching perfectly to the target RNA is administered, the RNAi machinery dices the dsRNA into ~21 bp fragments (known as siRNAs) and one strand of siRNA is employed by the RNAi machinery to target and degrade the target RNA. In this study we used a cocktail of dsRNAs targeting grape mealybug’s aquaporin and sucrase genes to kill the insect. Aquaporins and sucrases are important genes enabling these insects to maintain water relations indispensable for survival and digest complex sugars in the diet of plant sap-feeding insects, including mealybugs. In our experiments, administration of dsRNA caused a reduction in expression of the target genes and an increase in insect mortality. These results provide support for the application of RNAi to control the grape mealybug. Abstract The grape mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn, 1900) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is a significant pest of grapevines (Vitis spp.) and a vector of disease-causing grape viruses, linked to its feeding on phloem sap. The management of this pest is constrained by the lack of naturally occurring resistance traits in Vitis. Here, we obtained proof of concept that RNA interference (RNAi) using double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules against essential genes for phloem sap feeding can depress insect survival. The genes of interest code for an aquaporin (AQP) and a sucrase (SUC) that are required for osmoregulation in related phloem sap-feeding hemipteran insects (aphids and whiteflies). In parallel, we investigated the grape mealybug genes coding non-specific nucleases (NUC), which reduce RNAi efficacy by degrading administered dsRNA. Homologs of AQP and SUC with experimentally validated function in aphids, together with NUC, were identified in the published transcriptome of the citrus mealybug Planococcus citri by phylogenetic analysis, and sequences of the candidate genes were obtained for Ps. maritimus by PCR with degenerate primers. Using this first sequence information for Ps. maritimus, dsRNA was prepared and administered to the insects via an artificial diet. The treatment comprising dsRNA against AQP, SUC and NUC significantly increased insect mortality over three days, relative to dsRNA-free controls. The dsRNA constructs for AQP and NUC were predicted, from sequence analysis to have some activity against other mealybugs, but none of the three dsRNA constructs have predicted activity against aphids. This study provides the basis to develop in planta RNAi strategies against Ps. maritimus and other mealybug pests of grapevines.
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95
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Shelby EA, Moss JB, Andreason SA, Simmons AM, Moore AJ, Moore PJ. Debugging: Strategies and Considerations for Efficient RNAi-Mediated Control of the Whitefly Bemisia tabaci. INSECTS 2020; 11:E723. [PMID: 33105847 PMCID: PMC7690610 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a globally important pest that is difficult to control through insecticides, transgenic crops, and natural enemies. Post-transcriptional gene silencing through RNA interference (RNAi) has shown potential as a pest management strategy against B. tabaci. While genomic data and other resources are available to create highly effective customizable pest management strategies with RNAi, current applications do not capitalize on species-specific biology. This lack of specificity has the potential to have substantial ecological impacts. Here, we discuss both short- and long-term considerations for sustainable RNAi pest management strategies for B. tabaci, focusing on the need for species specificity incorporating both life history and population genetic considerations. We provide a conceptual framework for selecting sublethal target genes based on their involvement in physiological pathways, which has the greatest potential to ameliorate unintended negative consequences. We suggest that these considerations allow an integrated pest management approach, with fewer negative ecological impacts and reduced likelihood of the evolution of resistant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Shelby
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.A.S.); (J.B.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Jeanette B. Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.A.S.); (J.B.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Sharon A. Andreason
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414, USA; (S.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Alvin M. Simmons
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable laboratory, Charleston, SC 29414, USA; (S.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Allen J. Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.A.S.); (J.B.M.); (A.J.M.)
| | - Patricia J. Moore
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.A.S.); (J.B.M.); (A.J.M.)
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96
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Cooper AMW, Yu Z, Biondi M, Song H, Silver K, Zhang J, Zhu KY. Stability of double-stranded RNA in gut contents and hemolymph of Ostrinia nubilalis larvae. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104672. [PMID: 32828377 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a revolutionary technique for silencing gene expression, but the success of this technique is dependent upon the stability of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules. In many insects, especially lepidopteran species, RNAi efficiency is limited by high instability of dsRNA in the gut and/or hemolymph, preventing the development of RNAi-based strategies for many serious pests. Previous attempts to perform RNAi on Ostrinia nubilalis (ECB, Lepidoptera: Crambidae) indicate low RNAi efficiency with both dsRNA injection and feeding. To investigate the contribution of dsRNA instability to low RNAi efficiency in ECB, a serious of ex vivo incubation experiments were performed where dsRNA integrity was assessed following incubation in larval gut continents and hemolymph using gel electrophoresis or RT-qPCR. DsRNA was less stable in the gut contents from ECB than in gut contents from Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, a coleopteran exhibiting high RNAi efficiency. Furthermore, characterization of dsRNA stability in ECB gut contents and hemolymph revealed that dsRNA was rapidly degraded under physiologically relevant conditions as a result of enzymatic activity that was neither size- nor sequence-dependent. These findings suggest that instability of dsRNA in ECB tissues is a contributing factor to the poor efficiency of RNAi in this pest. This work advances our understanding of mechanisms impacting RNAi efficiency in ECB and related lepidopteran insects for which novel pest management strategies are needed, and may facilitate the development of strategies for enhancing dsRNA stability in ECB tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia M W Cooper
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Zhitao Yu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Marie Biondi
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Huifang Song
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Kristopher Silver
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, 123 Waters Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Volovych O, Lin Z, Du J, Jiang H, Zou Z. Identification and temporal expression profiles of cuticular proteins in the endoparasitoid wasp, Microplitis mediator. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:998-1018. [PMID: 31317624 PMCID: PMC7497268 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, parasitoid wasp species Microplitis mediator has evoked increasing research attention due to its possible use in the control of Lepidoptera insects. Because insect development involves changes in cuticle composition, identification and expression analysis of M. mediator cuticular proteins may clarify the mechanisms involved in parasite development processes. We found 70 cuticular proteins from the M. mediator transcriptome and divided them into seven distinct families. Expression profiling indicated that most of these cuticular protein genes have expression peaks specific for one particular developmental stage of M. mediator. Eggs and pupae have the highest number of transcriptionally active cuticular protein genes (47 and 52 respectively). Only 12 of these genes maintained high expression activity during late larval development. Functional analysis of two larval proteins, MmCPR3 and MmCPR14, suggested their important role in the proper organization of the cuticle layers of larvae. During M. mediator larval development, normal cuticle formation can be supported by a limited number of cuticular proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Volovych
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhe Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and RodentsInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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98
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Jaiwal A, Natarajaswamy K, Rajam MV. RNA silencing of hormonal biosynthetic genes impairs larval growth and development in cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera. J Biosci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-020-00079-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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99
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Jain RG, Robinson KE, Fletcher SJ, Mitter N. RNAi-Based Functional Genomics in Hemiptera. INSECTS 2020; 11:E557. [PMID: 32825516 PMCID: PMC7564473 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful approach for sequence-specific gene silencing, displaying tremendous potential for functional genomics studies in hemipteran insects. Exploiting RNAi allows the biological roles of critical genes to be defined and aids the development of RNAi-based biopesticides. In this review, we provide context to the rapidly expanding field of RNAi-based functional genomics studies in hemipteran insects. We highlight the most widely used RNAi delivery strategies, including microinjection, oral ingestion and topical application. Additionally, we discuss the key variables affecting RNAi efficacy in hemipteran insects, including insect life-stage, gene selection, the presence of nucleases, and the role of core RNAi machinery. In conclusion, we summarise the application of RNAi in functional genomics studies in Hemiptera, focusing on genes involved in reproduction, behaviour, metabolism, immunity and chemical resistance across 33 species belonging to 14 families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karl E. Robinson
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Centre for Horticultural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia; (R.G.J.); (S.J.F.); (N.M.)
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100
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Gurusamy D, Mogilicherla K, Shukla JN, Palli SR. Lipids help double-stranded RNA in endosomal escape and improve RNA interference in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21678. [PMID: 32297364 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a valuable method for understanding the gene function and holds great potential for insect pest management. While RNAi is efficient and systemic in coleopteran insects, RNAi is inefficient in lepidopteran insects. In this study, we explored the possibility of improving RNAi in the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda cells by formulating dsRNA with Cellfectin II (CFII) transfection reagent. The CFII formulated dsRNA was protected from degradation by endonucleases present in Sf9 cells conditioned medium, hemolymph and midgut lumen contents collected from the FAW larvae. Lipid formulated dsRNA also showed reduced accumulation in the endosomes of Sf9 cells and FAW tissues. Exposing Sf9 cells and tissues to CFII formulated dsRNA caused a significant knockdown of endogenous genes. CFII formulated dsIAP fed to FAW larvae induced knockdown of iap gene, growth retardation and mortality. Processing of dsRNA into siRNA was detected in Sf9 cells and Spodoptera frugiperda larvae treated with CFII conjugated 32 P-UTP labeled dsGFP. Overall, the present study concluded that delivering dsRNA formulated with CFII transfection reagent helps dsRNA escapes from the endosomal accumulation and improved RNAi efficiency in the FAW cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhandapani Gurusamy
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
| | | | - Jayendra Nath Shukla
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
| | - Subba Reddy Palli
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, 40546, USA
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