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Zang B, Li S, Michel FC, Li G, Zhang D, Li Y. Control of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide odors during pig manure composting using nitrogen amendment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 224:419-427. [PMID: 27847239 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Effects of nitrogen electron acceptors on dimethyl sulfide (Me2S) and dimethyl disulfide (Me2SS) odor emission during composting was investigated. The chemicals and doses used included sodium nitrate (NO3- at 10mM, 20mM and 40mM), sodium nitrite (NO2- at 10mM, 20mM and 40mM) and sodium nitrite (10mM, 20mM and 40mM) with hexaammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate (HHT). The results showed that the addition of these chemicals restricted the emission of Me2S and Me2SS. The emission reduction effect of NO2- was greater than NO3- at the same dosage. A greater reduction was observed when HHT was also added. With 2mM HHT+40mM NO2- addition, the emission of Me2S and Me2SS was reduced by 92.3% and 82.3%, respectively. Comparison of compost maturity indices for treated and untreated composts indicated that none of the additives adversely affected compost quality. These results indicate that nitrogen chemical addition may provide an efficient method to control sulfur odors during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China; Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Shuyan Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Frederick C Michel
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Guoxue Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Difang Zhang
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yangyang Li
- College of Resource and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
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52
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Lai CY, Zhong L, Zhang Y, Chen JX, Wen LL, Shi LD, Sun YP, Ma F, Rittmann BE, Zhou C, Tang Y, Zheng P, Zhao HP. Bioreduction of Chromate in a Methane-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5832-5839. [PMID: 27161770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b06177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we demonstrate chromate (Cr(VI)) bioreduction using methane (CH4) as the sole electron donor in a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). The experiments were divided into five stages lasting a total of 90 days, and each stage achieved a steady state for at least 15 days. Due to continued acclimation of the microbial community, the Cr(VI)-reducing capacity of the biofilm kept increasing. Cr(VI) removal at the end of the 90-day test reached 95% at an influent Cr(VI) concentration of 3 mg Cr/L and a surface loading of 0.37g of Cr m(-2) day(-1). Meiothermus (Deinococci), a potential Cr(VI)-reducing bacterium, was negligible in the inoculum but dominated the MBfR biofilm after Cr(VI) was added to the reactor, while Methylosinus, a type II methanotrophs, represented 11%-21% of the total bacterial DNA in the biofilm. Synergy within a microbial consortia likely was responsible for Cr(VI) reduction based on CH4 oxidation. In the synergy, methanotrophs fermented CH4 to produce metabolic intermediates that were used by the Cr(VI)-reducing bacteria as electron donors. Solid Cr(III) was the main product, accounting for more than 88% of the reduced Cr in most cases. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis showed that Cr(III) accumulated inside and outside of some bacterial cells, implying that different Cr(VI)-reducing mechanisms were involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Xian Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Lian Wen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Dong Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University , P.O. Box 875701, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5701, United States
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310-6046, United States
| | - Ping Zheng
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
| | - He-Ping Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environmental and Resource Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin 150090, China
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53
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Bacterial communities in a novel three-dimensional bioelectrochemical denitrification system: the effects of pH. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6805-6813. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7499-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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54
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Chen H, Chen QQ, Jiang XY, Hu HY, Shi ML, Jin RC. Insight into the short- and long-term effects of Cu(II) on denitrifying biogranules. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 304:448-456. [PMID: 26610098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the short- and long-term effects of Cu(2+) on the activity and performance of denitrifying bacteria. The short-term effects of various concentrations of Cu(2+) on the denitrifying bacteria were evaluated using batch assays. The specific denitrifying activity (SDA) decreased from 14.3 ± 2.2 (without Cu(2+)) to 6.1 ± 0.1 mg N h(-1)g(-1) VSS (100 mg Cu(2+)L(-1)) when Cu(2+) increased from 0 to 100 mg L(-1) with an increment of 10 mg Cu(2+)L(-1). A non-competitive inhibition model was used to calculate the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of Cu(2+) on denitrifying sludge (30.6 ± 2.5 mg L(-1)). Monod and Luong models were applied to investigate the influence of the initial substrate concentration, and the results suggested that the maximum substrate removal rate would be reduced with Cu(2+) supplementation. Pre-exposure to Cu(2+) could lead to an 18.2-46.2% decrease in the SDA and decreasing percentage of the SDA increased with both exposure time and concentration. In the continuous-flow test, Cu(2+) concentration varied from 1 to 75 mg L(-1); however, no clear deterioration was observed in the reactor, and the reactor was kept stable, with the total nitrogen removal efficiency and total organic carbon efficiency greater than 89.0 and 85.0%, respectively. The results demonstrated the short-term inhibition of Cu(2+) upon denitrification, and no notable adversity was observed during the continuous-flow test after long-term acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Qian-Qian Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Hai-Yan Hu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Man-Ling Shi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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55
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Peng L, Liu Y, Gao SH, Chen X, Ni BJ. Evaluating simultaneous chromate and nitrate reduction during microbial denitrification processes. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 89:1-8. [PMID: 26619398 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification and heterotrophic denitrification have been demonstrated to be promising technological processes for simultaneous removal of nitrate NO3(-) and chromate (Cr (VI)), two common contaminants in surface and ground waters. In this work, a mathematical model was developed to describe and evaluate the microbial and substrate interactions among sulfur oxidizing denitrifying organism, methanol-based heterotrophic denitrifiers and chromate reducing bacteria in the biofilm systems for simultaneous nitrate and chromate removal. The concomitant multiple chromate reduction pathways by these microbes were taken into account in this model. The validity of the model was tested using experimental data from three independent biofilm reactors under autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions. The model sufficiently described the nitrate, chromate, methanol, and sulfate dynamics under varying conditions. The modeling results demonstrated the coexistence of sulfur-oxidizing denitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria in the biofilm under mixotrophic conditions, with chromate reducing bacteria being outcompeted. The sulfur-oxidizing denitrifying bacteria substantially contributed to both nitrate and chromate reductions although heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria dominated in the biofilm. The mixotrophic denitrification could improve the tolerance of autotrophic denitrifying bacteria to Cr (VI) toxicity. Furthermore, HRT would play an important role in affecting the microbial distribution and system performance, with HRT of higher than 0.15 day being critical for a high level removal of nitrate and chromate (over 90%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Peng
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia; Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology (LabMET), Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Shu-Hong Gao
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Xueming Chen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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56
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Kan H, Zhao F, Zhang XX, Ren H, Gao S. Correlations of Gut Microbial Community Shift with Hepatic Damage and Growth Inhibition of Carassius auratus Induced by Pentachlorophenol Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:11894-11902. [PMID: 26378342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b02990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exposed to 0-100 μg/L pentachlorophenol (PCP) for 28 days to investigate the correlations of fish gut microbial community shift with the induced toxicological effects. PCP exposure caused accumulation of PCP in the fish intestinal tract in a time- and dose-dependent manner, while hepatic PCP reached the maximal level after a 21 day exposure. Under the relatively higher PCP stress, the fish body weight and liver weight were reduced and hepatic CAT and SOD activities were inhibited, demonstrating negative correlations with the PCP levels in liver and gut content (R < -0.5 and P < 0.05 each). Pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that PCP exposure increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the fish gut. Within the Bacteroidetes phylum, the Bacteroides genus had the highest abundance, which was significantly correlated with PCP exposure dosage and duration (R > 0.5 and P < 0.05 each). Bioinformatic analysis revealed that Bacteroides showed quantitatively negative correlations with Chryseobacterium, Microbacterium, Arthrobacter, and Legionella in the fish gut, and the Bacteroidetes abundance, Bacteroides abundance, and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio played crucial roles in the reduction of body weight and liver weight under PCP stress. The results may extend our knowledge regarding the roles of gut microbiota in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Fuzheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shixiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, China
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57
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Leyva-Díaz JC, González-Martínez A, Muñío MM, Poyatos JM. Two-step nitrification in a pure moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment: nitrifying and denitrifying microbial populations and kinetic modeling. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:10333-43. [PMID: 26264139 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The moving bed biofilm reactor-membrane bioreactor (MBBR-MBR) is a novel solution to conventional activated sludge processes and membrane bioreactors. In this study, a pure MBBR-MBR was studied. The pure MBBR-MBR mainly had attached biomass. The bioreactor operated with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 9.5 h. The kinetic parameters for heterotrophic and autotrophic biomasses, mainly nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), were evaluated. The analysis of the bacterial community structure of the ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), NOB, and denitrifying bacteria (DeNB) from the pure MBBR-MBR was carried out by means of pyrosequencing to detect and quantify the contribution of the nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the total bacterial community. The relative abundance of AOB, NOB, and DeNB were 5, 1, and 3%, respectively, in the mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), and these percentages were 18, 5, and 2%, respectively, in the biofilm density (BD) attached to carriers. The pure MBBR-MBR had a high efficiency of total nitrogen (TN) removal of 71.81±16.04%, which could reside in the different bacterial assemblages in the fixed biofilm on the carriers. In this regard, the kinetic parameters for autotrophic biomass had values of YA=2.3465 mg O2 mg N(-1), μm, A=0.7169 h(-1), and KNH=2.0748 mg NL(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Leyva-Díaz
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Institute for Water Research, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - A González-Martínez
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.,Institute for Water Research, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M M Muñío
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - J M Poyatos
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain. .,Institute for Water Research, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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58
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Miao Y, Liao R, Zhang XX, Wang Y, Wang Z, Shi P, Liu B, Li A. Metagenomic insights into Cr(VI) effect on microbial communities and functional genes of an expanded granular sludge bed reactor treating high-nitrate wastewater. WATER RESEARCH 2015; 76:43-52. [PMID: 25792433 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a lab-scale expanded granular sludge bed reactor was continuously operated to treat high-nitrate wastewater containing different concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Nearly complete nitrate removal was achieved even at 120 mg/L influent Cr(VI). Pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene showed that Cr(VI) decreased the biodiversity of the bacterial community and potential denitrifiers. Proteobacteria dominated in the bioreactor, and Betaproteobacteria had increased abundance after Cr(VI) feeding. Thauera and Halomonas were the two predominant genera in the bioreactor fed with Cr(VI), demonstrating opposite responses to the Cr(VI) stress. Metagenomic analysis indicated that Cr(VI) feeding posed no obvious effect on the overall function of the bacterial community, but altered the abundance of specific denitrifying genes, which was evidenced by quantitative real time PCR. This study revealed that Halomonas mainly contributed to the denitrification under no or low Cr(VI) stress, while Thauera played a more important role under high Cr(VI) stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Runhua Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333403, China
| | - Xu-Xiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yuan Wang
- Jiangsu Environmental Science Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Peng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; National Engineering Research Center of Organic Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing 210023, China.
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59
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Chen H, He LL, Liu AN, Guo Q, Zhang ZZ, Jin RC. Start-up of granule-based denitrifying reactors with multiple magnesium supplementation strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2015; 155:204-211. [PMID: 25837295 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, the effect of Mg(2+) supplementation on the start-up of a denitrification process and the granulation of denitrifying sludge was investigated in three upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. The reactors R1 and R2 were continuously and intermittently, respectively, supplied with 50 mg L(-1) Mg(2+), whereas R0 was used as the control. The nitrogen loading rate (NLR) and organic loading rate (OLR) gradually increased, and extremely high values were obtained (36.0 kgN m(-3) d(-1) and 216.0 kgCOD m(-3) d(-1), respectively). Granulation occurred in R1 first, but the reactor capacities were comparable. Suffering from starvation, the R0-R2 performances were comparable. At the end of the experiment, the average diameter of the granules in R0, R1, and R2 were 1.67, 1.72 and 1.68 mm, respectively, and the settling velocities of the granules in R1 and R2 were 1.14-fold the speed of R0. The specific denitrifying activity (SDA) of the sludge from the reactors supplied with Mg(2+) was greater than the reactor without Mg(2+). Intermittent Mg(2+) supplementation was identified as the best choice to be utilized to cultivate denitrifying granules, which was consistent with kinetic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Li-Ling He
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - An-Na Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Zheng-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Ren-Cun Jin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China; Key Laboratory of Hangzhou City for Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China.
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60
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Sahinkaya E, Kilic A, Duygulu B. Pilot and full scale applications of sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process for nitrate removal from activated sludge process effluent. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 60:210-217. [PMID: 24862952 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification of nitrified activated sludge process effluent was studied in pilot and full scale column bioreactors. Three identical pilot scale column bioreactors packed with varying sulfur/lime-stone ratios (1/1-3/1) were setup in a local wastewater treatment plant and the performances were compared under varying loading conditions for long-term operation. Complete denitrification was obtained in all pilot bioreactors even at nitrate loading of 10 mg NO3(-)-N/(L.h). When the temperature decreased to 10 °C during the winter time at loading of 18 mg NO3(-)-N/(L.h), denitrification efficiency decreased to 60-70% and the bioreactor with S/L ratio of 1/1 gave slightly better performance. A full scale sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process with a S/L ratio of 1/1 was set up for the denitrification of an activated sludge process effluent with a flow rate of 40 m(3)/d. Almost complete denitrification was attained with a nitrate loading rate of 6.25 mg NO3(-)-N/(L.h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Sahinkaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Bioengineering Department, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Adem Kilic
- Yeditepe Treatment Company, Kucukbakkalkoy, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Duygulu
- Yeditepe Treatment Company, Kucukbakkalkoy, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
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61
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Sahinkaya E, Kilic A. Heterotrophic and elemental-sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification processes for simultaneous nitrate and Cr(VI) reduction. WATER RESEARCH 2014; 50:278-286. [PMID: 24384544 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate and chromate can be present together in water resources as nitrate is a common co-contaminant in surface and ground waters. This study aims at comparatively evaluating simultaneous chromate and nitrate reduction in heterotrophic and sulfur-based autotrophic denitrifying column bioreactors. In sulfur-based autotrophic denitrification process, elemental sulfur and nitrate act as an electron donor and an acceptor, respectively, without requirement of organic supplementation. Autotrophic denitrification was complete and not adversely affected by chromate up to 0.5 mg/L. Effluent chromate concentration was <50 μg/L provided that influent chromate concentration was ≤0.5 mg/L. Heterotrophic denitrification performance was not adversely affected even at 20 mg/L chromate and complete chromate reduction was attained up to 10 mg/L. Although autotrophic denitrification rate was much lower compared with heterotrophic one, it may be preferred in drinking water treatment due to the elimination of organic supplementation and the risk of treated effluent contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Sahinkaya
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Bioengineering Department, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Adem Kilic
- Harran University, Environmental Engineering Department, Osmanbey Campus, 63000 Sanliurfa, Turkey; Yeditepe Treatment Company, Kucukbakkalkoy, Ataşehir, Istanbul, Turkey
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