51
|
Hanske J, Schulze J, Aretz J, McBride R, Loll B, Schmidt H, Knirel Y, Rabsch W, Wahl MC, Paulson JC, Rademacher C. Bacterial Polysaccharide Specificity of the Pattern Recognition Receptor Langerin Is Highly Species-dependent. J Biol Chem 2016; 292:862-871. [PMID: 27903635 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.751750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The recognition of pathogen surface polysaccharides by glycan-binding proteins is a cornerstone of innate host defense. Many members of the C-type lectin receptor family serve as pattern recognition receptors facilitating pathogen uptake, antigen processing, and immunomodulation. Despite the high evolutionary pressure in host-pathogen interactions, it is still widely assumed that genetic homology conveys similar specificities. Here, we investigate the ligand specificities of the human and murine forms of the myeloid C-type lectin receptor langerin for simple and complex ligands augmented by structural insight into murine langerin. Although the two homologs share the same three-dimensional structure and recognize simple ligands identically, a screening of more than 300 bacterial polysaccharides revealed highly diverging avidity and selectivity for larger and more complex glycans. Structural and evolutionary conservation analysis identified a highly variable surface adjacent to the canonic binding site, potentially forming a secondary site of interaction for large glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hanske
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany.,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jessica Schulze
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany.,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jonas Aretz
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany.,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ryan McBride
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Bernhard Loll
- the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Henrik Schmidt
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany.,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Yuriy Knirel
- the N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia, and
| | - Wolfgang Rabsch
- the Robert Koch Institute, Wernigerode Branch, National Reference Centre for Salmonellae and other Bacterial Enteric Pathogens, Wernigerode 38855, Germany
| | - Markus C Wahl
- the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - James C Paulson
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Immunology and Microbial Science and Department of Chemical Physiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- From the Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14424, Germany, .,the Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wamhoff EC, Hanske J, Schnirch L, Aretz J, Grube M, Varón Silva D, Rademacher C. (19)F NMR-Guided Design of Glycomimetic Langerin Ligands. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2407-13. [PMID: 27458873 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) play a pivotal role in pathogen defense and immune homeostasis. Langerin, a CLR predominantly expressed on Langerhans cells, represents a potential target receptor for the development of anti-infectives or immunomodulatory therapies. As mammalian carbohydrate binding sites typically display high solvent exposure and hydrophilicity, the recognition of natural monosaccharide ligands is characterized by low affinities. Consequently, glycomimetic ligand design poses challenges that extend to the development of suitable assays. Here, we report the first application of (19)F R2-filtered NMR to address these challenges for a CLR, i.e., Langerin. The homogeneous, monovalent assay was essential to evaluating the in silico design of 2-deoxy-2-carboxamido-α-mannoside analogs and enabled the implementation of a fragment screening against the carbohydrate binding site. With the identification of both potent monosaccharide analogs and fragment hits, this study represents an important advancement toward the design of glycomimetic Langerin ligands and highlights the importance of assay development for other CLRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of
Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Hanske
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of
Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lennart Schnirch
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of
Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Aretz
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of
Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maurice Grube
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of
Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of
Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin, Department of
Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Hanske J, Aleksić S, Ballaschk M, Jurk M, Shanina E, Beerbaum M, Schmieder P, Keller BG, Rademacher C. Intradomain Allosteric Network Modulates Calcium Affinity of the C-Type Lectin Receptor Langerin. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:12176-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Hanske
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stevan Aleksić
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Ballaschk
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Jurk
- Department
of Bioinformatics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestraße 63-73, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Shanina
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Beerbaum
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schmieder
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina G. Keller
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry, and
Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Wittmann A, Lamprinaki D, Bowles KM, Katzenellenbogen E, Knirel YA, Whitfield C, Nishimura T, Matsumoto N, Yamamoto K, Iwakura Y, Saijo S, Kawasaki N. Dectin-2 Recognizes Mannosylated O-antigens of Human Opportunistic Pathogens and Augments Lipopolysaccharide Activation of Myeloid Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:17629-38. [PMID: 27358401 PMCID: PMC5016159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.741256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
LPS consists of a relatively conserved region of lipid A and core oligosaccharide and a highly variable region of O-antigen polysaccharide. Whereas lipid A is known to bind to the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) complex, the role of the O-antigen remains unclear. Here we report a novel molecular interaction between dendritic cell-associated C-type lectin-2 (Dectin-2) and mannosylated O-antigen found in a human opportunistic pathogen, Hafnia alvei PCM 1223, which has a repeating unit of [-Man-α1,3-Man-α1,2-Man-α1,2-Man-α1,2-Man-α1,3-]. H. alvei LPS induced higher levels of TNFα and IL-10 from mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs), when compared with Salmonella enterica O66 LPS, which has a repeat of [-Gal-α1,6-Gal-α1,4-[Glc-β1,3]GalNAc-α1,3-GalNAc-β1,3-]. In a cell-based reporter assay, Dectin-2 was shown to recognize H. alvei LPS. This binding was inhibited by mannosidase treatment of H. alvei LPS and by mutations in the carbohydrate-binding domain of Dectin-2, demonstrating that H. alvei LPS is a novel glycan ligand of Dectin-2. The enhanced cytokine production by H. alvei LPS was Dectin-2-dependent, because Dectin-2 knock-out BM-DCs failed to do so. This receptor cross-talk between Dectin-2 and TLR4 involved events including spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) activation and receptor juxtaposition. Furthermore, another mannosylated LPS from Escherichia coli O9a also bound to Dectin-2 and augmented TLR4 activation of BM-DCs. Taken together, these data indicate that mannosylated O-antigens from several Gram-negative bacteria augment TLR4 responses through interaction with Dectin-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Wittmann
- From the Food and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitra Lamprinaki
- From the Food and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom
| | - Kristian M Bowles
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ewa Katzenellenbogen
- the Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- the N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Chris Whitfield
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- the Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- the Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- the Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- the Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan, and
| | - Shinobu Saijo
- the Department of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Norihito Kawasaki
- From the Food and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich NR4 7UA, United Kingdom, the Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8562, Japan,
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Loke I, Kolarich D, Packer NH, Thaysen-Andersen M. Emerging roles of protein mannosylation in inflammation and infection. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 51:31-55. [PMID: 27086127 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are frequently modified by complex carbohydrates (glycans) that play central roles in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of cells and tissues in humans and lower organisms. Mannose forms an essential building block of protein glycosylation, and its functional involvement as components of larger and diverse α-mannosidic glycoepitopes in important intra- and intercellular glycoimmunological processes is gaining recognition. With a focus on the mannose-rich asparagine (N-linked) glycosylation type, this review summarises the increasing volume of literature covering human and non-human protein mannosylation, including their structures, biosynthesis and spatiotemporal expression. The review also covers their known interactions with specialised host and microbial mannose-recognising C-type lectin receptors (mrCLRs) and antibodies (mrAbs) during inflammation and pathogen infection. Advances in molecular mapping technologies have recently revealed novel immuno-centric mannose-terminating truncated N-glycans, termed paucimannosylation, on human proteins. The cellular presentation of α-mannosidic glycoepitopes on N-glycoproteins appears tightly regulated; α-mannose determinants are relative rare glycoepitopes in physiological extracellular environments, but may be actively secreted or leaked from cells to transmit potent signals when required. Simultaneously, our understanding of the molecular basis on the recognition of mannosidic epitopes by mrCLRs including DC-SIGN, mannose receptor, mannose binding lectin and mrAb is rapidly advancing, together with the functional implications of these interactions in facilitating an effective immune response during physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Ultimately, deciphering these complex mannose-based receptor-ligand interactions at the detailed molecular level will significantly advance our understanding of immunological disorders and infectious diseases, promoting the development of future therapeutics to improve patient clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Loke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
56
|
Nagae M, Ikeda A, Hanashima S, Kojima T, Matsumoto N, Yamamoto K, Yamaguchi Y. Crystal structure of human dendritic cell inhibitory receptor C-type lectin domain reveals the binding mode with N-glycan. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:1280-8. [PMID: 27015765 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human dendritic cell inhibitory receptor (DCIR) is a C-type lectin receptor expressed in classical dendritic cells and accepts several oligosaccharide ligands including N-glycans. Here, we report the crystal structures of human DCIR C-type lectin domains in the absence and presence of a branched N-glycan unit. The domain has a typical C-type lectin fold and two bound calcium ions. In the ligand-bound form, the disaccharide unit (GlcNAcβ1-2Man) acceptably fits the electron density map, indicating that it forms the main epitope. The recognition of the nonterminal N-glycan unit explains the relatively broad specificity of this lectin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Akemi Ikeda
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Osaka University, Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takumi Kojima
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Naoki Matsumoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Makyio H, Kato R. Classification and Comparison of Fucose-Binding Lectins Based on Their Structures. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2016. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1429.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisayoshi Makyio
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science,
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science,
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Makyio H, Kato R. Classification and Comparison of Fucose-Binding Lectins Based on Their Structures. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2016. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1429.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hisayoshi Makyio
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science,
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Photon Factory, Institute of Materials Structure Science,
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Abhinav KV, Samuel E, Vijayan M. Archeal lectins: An identification through a genomic search. Proteins 2015; 84:21-30. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.24949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Abhinav
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - Ebenezer Samuel
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| | - M. Vijayan
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore 560 012 India
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Nagae M, Yamaguchi Y. Sugar recognition and protein-protein interaction of mammalian lectins conferring diverse functions. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 34:108-15. [PMID: 26418728 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in structural analyses of mammalian lectins reveal atomic-level details of their fine specificities toward diverse endogenous and exogenous glycans. Local variations on a common scaffold can enable certain lectins to recognize complex carbohydrate ligands including branched glycans and O-glycosylated peptides. Simultaneous recognition of both glycan and the aglycon moieties enhances the affinity and specificity of lectins such as CLEC-2 and PILRα. Attention has been paid to the roles of galectin and RegIII family of proteins in protein-protein interactions involved in critical biological functions including signal transduction and bactericidal pore formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Nagae
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Sironi M, Cagliani R, Forni D, Clerici M. Evolutionary insights into host-pathogen interactions from mammalian sequence data. Nat Rev Genet 2015; 16:224-36. [PMID: 25783448 PMCID: PMC7096838 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Infections are one of the major selective pressures acting on humans, and host-pathogen interactions contribute to shaping the genetic diversity of both organisms. Evolutionary genomic studies take advantage of experiments that natural selection has been performing over millennia. In particular, inter-species comparative genomic analyses can highlight the genetic determinants of infection susceptibility or severity. Recent examples show how evolution-guided approaches can provide new insights into host-pathogen interactions, ultimately clarifying the basis of host range and explaining the emergence of different diseases. We describe the latest developments in comparative immunology and evolutionary genetics, showing their relevance for understanding the molecular determinants of infection susceptibility in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Sironi
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Rachele Cagliani
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Diego Forni
- Bioinformatics, Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Mario Clerici
- 1] Department of Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20090 Milan, Italy. [2] Don C. Gnocchi Foundation ONLUS, IRCCS, 20148 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
van den Berg LM, Cardinaud S, van der Aar AMG, Sprokholt JK, de Jong MAWP, Zijlstra-Willems EM, Moris A, Geijtenbeek TBH. Langerhans Cell-Dendritic Cell Cross-Talk via Langerin and Hyaluronic Acid Mediates Antigen Transfer and Cross-Presentation of HIV-1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:1763-73. [PMID: 26170391 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal and mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs) express the C-type lectin receptor langerin that functions as a pattern recognition receptor. LCs are among the first immune cells to interact with HIV-1 during sexual transmission. In this study, we demonstrate that langerin not only functions as a pattern recognition receptor but also as an adhesion receptor mediating clustering between LCs and dendritic cells (DCs). Langerin recognized hyaluronic acid on DCs and removal of these carbohydrate structures partially abrogated LC-DC clustering. Because LCs did not cross-present HIV-1-derived Ags to CD8(+) T cells in a cross-presentation model, we investigated whether LCs were able to transfer Ags to DCs. LC-DC clustering led to maturation of DCs and facilitated Ag transfer of HIV-1 to DCs, which subsequently induced activation of CD8(+) cells. The rapid transfer of Ags to DCs, in contrast to productive infection of LCs, suggests that this might be an important mechanism for induction of anti-HIV-1 CD8(+) T cells. Induction of the enzyme hyaluronidase-2 by DC maturation allowed degradation of hyaluronic acid and abrogated LC-DC interactions. Thus, we have identified an important function of langerin in mediating LC-DC clustering, which allows Ag transfer to induce CTL responses to HIV-1. Furthermore, we showed this interaction is mediated by hyaluronidase-2 upregulation after DC maturation. These data underscore the importance of LCs and DCs in orchestrating adaptive immunity to HIV-1. Novel strategies might be developed to harness this mechanism for vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linda M van den Berg
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Cardinaud
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, University Sorbonne, F-75013 Paris, France; Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, INSERM, U1135, F-75013 Paris, France; Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, French National Centre for Scientific Research, ERL 8255, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Angelic M G van der Aar
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joris K Sprokholt
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marein A W P de Jong
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arnaud Moris
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, University Pierre and Marie Curie Paris 06, University Sorbonne, F-75013 Paris, France; Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, INSERM, U1135, F-75013 Paris, France; Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, French National Centre for Scientific Research, ERL 8255, F-75013 Paris, France; Department of Immunology, AP-HP University Medical Center Paris Area, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Teunis B H Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Drickamer K, Taylor ME. Recent insights into structures and functions of C-type lectins in the immune system. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2015; 34:26-34. [PMID: 26163333 PMCID: PMC4681411 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-binding C-type carbohydrate-recognition domains fall in five structural groups. Structures for many of these domains, covering all of the groups, have been obtained. Not all human C-type lectins have clear orthologues in other mammals such as mice. Different mechanisms by which C-type lectins initiate signalling remain to be defined. Hetero-oligomeric receptors add to the complexity of overlapping specificities.
The majority of the C-type lectin-like domains in the human genome likely to bind sugars have been investigated structurally, although novel mechanisms of sugar binding are still being discovered. In the immune system, adhesion and endocytic receptors that bind endogenous mammalian glycans are often conserved, while pathogen-binding C-type lectins on cells of the innate immune system are more divergent. Lack of orthology between some human and mouse receptors, as well as overlapping specificities of many receptors and formation of receptor hetero-oligomers, can make it difficult to define the roles of individual receptors. There is good evidence that C-type lectins initiate signalling pathways in several different ways, but this function remains the least well understood from a mechanistic perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Drickamer
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maureen E Taylor
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Hanashima S, Götze S, Liu Y, Ikeda A, Kojima-Aikawa K, Taniguchi N, Varón Silva D, Feizi T, Seeberger PH, Yamaguchi Y. Defining the Interaction of Human Soluble Lectin ZG16p and Mycobacterial Phosphatidylinositol Mannosides. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1502-11. [PMID: 25919894 PMCID: PMC5896728 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ZG16p is a soluble mammalian lectin that interacts with mannose and heparan sulfate. Here we describe detailed analysis of the interaction of human ZG16p with mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) by glycan microarray and NMR. Pathogen-related glycan microarray analysis identified phosphatidylinositol mono- and di-mannosides (PIM1 and PIM2) as novel ligand candidates of ZG16p. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and transferred NOE experiments with chemically synthesized PIM glycans indicate that PIMs preferentially interact with ZG16p by using the mannose residues. The binding site of PIM was identified by chemical-shift perturbation experiments with uniformly (15)N-labeled ZG16p. NMR results with docking simulations suggest a binding mode of ZG16p and PIM glycan; this will help to elucidate the physiological role of ZG16p.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Hanashima
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Sebastian Götze
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany)
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Yan Liu
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Akemi Ikeda
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Kyoko Kojima-Aikawa
- The Glycoscience Institute, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610 (Japan)
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
| | - Daniel Varón Silva
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany)
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Ten Feizi
- Glycosciences Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN (UK)
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14424 Potsdam (Germany)
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, RIKEN Global Research Cluster, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan).
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Jug G, Anderluh M, Tomašič T. Comparative evaluation of several docking tools for docking small molecule ligands to DC-SIGN. J Mol Model 2015; 21:164. [PMID: 26040678 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2713-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Five docking tools, namely AutoDock, FRED, CDOCKER, FlexX and GOLD, have been critically examined, with the aim of selecting those most appropriate for use as docking tools for docking molecules to the lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN). This lectin has been selected for its rather non-druggable binding site, which enables complex interactions that guide the binding of the core monosaccharide. Since optimal orientation is crucial for forming coordination bonds, it was important to assess whether the selected docking tools could reproduce the optimal binding conformation for several oligosaccharides that are known to bind DC-SIGN. Our results show that even widely used docking programs have certain limitations when faced with a rather shallow and featureless binding site, as is the case of DC-SIGN. The FRED docking software (OpenEye Scientific Software, Inc.) was found to score as the best tool for docking ligands to DC-SIGN. The performance of FRED was further assessed on another lectin, Langerin. We have demonstrated that this validated docking protocol could be used for docking to other lectins similar to DC-SIGN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Jug
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Legentil L, Paris F, Ballet C, Trouvelot S, Daire X, Vetvicka V, Ferrières V. Molecular Interactions of β-(1→3)-Glucans with Their Receptors. Molecules 2015; 20:9745-66. [PMID: 26023937 PMCID: PMC6272582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20069745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
β-(1→3)-Glucans can be found as structural polysaccharides in cereals, in algae or as exo-polysaccharides secreted on the surfaces of mushrooms or fungi. Research has now established that β-(1→3)-glucans can trigger different immune responses and act as efficient immunostimulating agents. They constitute prevalent sources of carbons for microorganisms after subsequent recognition by digesting enzymes. Nevertheless, mechanisms associated with both roles are not yet clearly understood. This review focuses on the variety of elucidated molecular interactions that involve these natural or synthetic polysaccharides and their receptors, i.e., Dectin-1, CR3, glycolipids, langerin and carbohydrate-binding modules.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/genetics
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Agaricales/genetics
- Agaricales/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Edible Grain/genetics
- Edible Grain/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/genetics
- Glucan 1,3-beta-Glucosidase/immunology
- Glycolipids/immunology
- Glycolipids/metabolism
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/immunology
- Macrophage-1 Antigen/genetics
- Macrophage-1 Antigen/immunology
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/genetics
- Mannose-Binding Lectins/immunology
- Receptors, Scavenger/genetics
- Receptors, Scavenger/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Stramenopiles/genetics
- Stramenopiles/metabolism
- beta-Glucans/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Legentil
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Franck Paris
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Caroline Ballet
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Trouvelot
- INRA, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Xavier Daire
- INRA, UMR AgroSup/INRA/uB 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes-Microorganismes-ERL CNRS 6300, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France.
| | - Vaclav Vetvicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Vincent Ferrières
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France.
- Université européenne de Bretagne, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Muñoz-García JC, Chabrol E, Vivès RR, Thomas A, de Paz JL, Rojo J, Imberty A, Fieschi F, Nieto PM, Angulo J. Langerin–Heparin Interaction: Two Binding Sites for Small and Large Ligands As Revealed by a Combination of NMR Spectroscopy and Cross-Linking Mapping Experiments. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:4100-10. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511529x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Muñoz-García
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro
de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eric Chabrol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Romain R. Vivès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Aline Thomas
- CERMAV
UPR5301, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - José L. de Paz
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro
de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro
de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anne Imberty
- CERMAV
UPR5301, CNRS and Université Grenoble Alpes, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044, Grenoble, France
- CEA, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Pedro M. Nieto
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro
de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Angulo
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Centro
de Investigaciones Científicas Isla de La Cartuja, CSIC and Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio, 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
- School of
Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Carbohydrate-dependent binding of langerin to SodC, a cell wall glycoprotein of Mycobacterium leprae. J Bacteriol 2014; 197:615-25. [PMID: 25422308 DOI: 10.1128/jb.02080-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells participate in the immune response in leprosy by their ability to activate T cells that recognize the pathogen, Mycobacterium leprae, in a langerin-dependent manner. We hypothesized that langerin, the distinguishing C-type lectin of Langerhans cells, would recognize the highly mannosylated structures in pathogenic Mycobacterium spp. The coding region for the extracellular and neck domain of human langerin was cloned and expressed to produce a recombinant active trimeric form of human langerin (r-langerin). Binding assays performed in microtiter plates, by two-dimensional (2D) Western blotting, and by surface plasmon resonance demonstrated that r-langerin possessed carbohydrate-dependent affinity to glycoproteins in the cell wall of M. leprae. This lectin, however, yielded less binding to mannose-capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) and even lower levels of binding to phosphatidylinositol mannosides. However, the superoxide dismutase C (SodC) protein of the M. leprae cell wall was identified as a langerin-reactive ligand. Tandem mass spectrometry verified the glycosylation of a recombinant form of M. leprae SodC (rSodC) produced in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Analysis of r-langerin affinity by surface plasmon resonance revealed a carbohydrate-dependent affinity of rSodC (equilibrium dissociation constant [KD] = 0.862 μM) that was 20-fold greater than for M. leprae ManLAM (KD = 18.69 μM). These data strongly suggest that a subset of the presumptively mannosylated M. leprae glycoproteins act as ligands for langerin and may facilitate the interaction of M. leprae with Langerhans cells.
Collapse
|
69
|
Marcelo F, Garcia-Martin F, Matsushita T, Sardinha J, Coelho H, Oude-Vrielink A, Koller C, André S, Cabrita EJ, Gabius HJ, Nishimura SI, Jiménez-Barbero J, Cañada FJ. Delineating Binding Modes of Gal/GalNAc and Structural Elements of the Molecular Recognition of Tumor-Associated Mucin Glycopeptides by the Human Macrophage Galactose-Type Lectin. Chemistry 2014; 20:16147-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
70
|
Agostino M, Velkov T, Dingjan T, Williams SJ, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. The carbohydrate-binding promiscuity of Euonymus europaeus lectin is predicted to involve a single binding site. Glycobiology 2014; 25:101-14. [PMID: 25209582 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Euonymus europaeus lectin (EEL) is a carbohydrate-binding protein derived from the fruit of the European spindle tree. EEL was first identified for its erythrocyte agglutinating properties and specificity for B and H blood groups. However, a detailed molecular picture of the structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by EEL remains to be developed. In this study, we performed fluorescence titrations of a range of carbohydrates against EEL. Binding of EEL to a wide range of carbohydrates was observed, including a series of blood group-related carbohydrates, mannosides, chitotriose and sialic acid. Affinity was strongest for carbohydrates with H-related structures and the B trisaccharide. A homology model of EEL was produced from templates identified using the HHPred server, which employs hidden Markov models (HMMs) to identify templates. The HMM approach identified that the best templates for EEL were proteins featuring a ricin B-like (R-type) fold. Separate templates were used to model the core and binding site regions of the lectin. Through the use of constrained docking and spatial comparison with a template ligand, binding modes for the carbohydrate ligands were predicted. A relationship between the experimental binding energies and the computed binding energies of the selected docked poses was determined and optimized. Collectively, our results suggest that EEL utilizes a single site for recognition of carbohydrates terminating in a variety of monosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia Joint BSC-IRB Research Program in Computational Biology, Life Science Department, Barcelona Supercomputing Centre, Barcelona 08034, Spain Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tamir Dingjan
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Yuriev
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Paul A Ramsland
- School of Biomedical Sciences, CHIRI Biosciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia Department of Surgery Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia Department of Immunology, Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Aretz J, Wamhoff EC, Hanske J, Heymann D, Rademacher C. Computational and experimental prediction of human C-type lectin receptor druggability. Front Immunol 2014; 5:323. [PMID: 25071783 PMCID: PMC4090677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian C-type lectin receptors (CTLRS) are involved in many aspects of immune cell regulation such as pathogen recognition, clearance of apoptotic bodies, and lymphocyte homing. Despite a great interest in modulating CTLR recognition of carbohydrates, the number of specific molecular probes is limited. To this end, we predicted the druggability of a panel of 22 CTLRs using DoGSiteScorer. The computed druggability scores of most structures were low, characterizing this family as either challenging or even undruggable. To further explore these findings, we employed a fluorine-based nuclear magnetic resonance screening of fragment mixtures against DC-SIGN, a receptor of pharmacological interest. To our surprise, we found many fragment hits associated with the carbohydrate recognition site (hit rate = 13.5%). A surface plasmon resonance-based follow-up assay confirmed 18 of these fragments (47%) and equilibrium dissociation constants were determined. Encouraged by these findings we expanded our experimental druggability prediction to Langerin and MCL and found medium to high hit rates as well, being 15.7 and 10.0%, respectively. Our results highlight limitations of current in silico approaches to druggability assessment, in particular, with regard to carbohydrate-binding proteins. In sum, our data indicate that small molecule ligands for a larger panel of CTLRs can be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Aretz
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Jonas Hanske
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Dario Heymann
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces , Potsdam , Germany ; Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Agostino M, Gandhi NS, Mancera RL. Development and application of site mapping methods for the design of glycosaminoglycans. Glycobiology 2014; 24:840-51. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
73
|
Stowell SR, Arthur CM, McBride R, Berger O, Razi N, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Rodrigues LC, Gourdine JP, Noll AJ, von Gunten S, Smith DF, Knirel YA, Paulson JC, Cummings RD. Microbial glycan microarrays define key features of host-microbial interactions. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:470-6. [PMID: 24814672 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genomic approaches continue to provide unprecedented insight into the microbiome, yet host immune interactions with diverse microbiota can be difficult to study. We therefore generated a microbial microarray containing defined antigens isolated from a broad range of microbial flora to examine adaptive and innate immunity. Serological studies with this microarray show that immunoglobulins from multiple mammalian species have unique patterns of reactivity, whereas exposure of animals to distinct microbes induces specific serological recognition. Although adaptive immunity exhibited plasticity toward microbial antigens, immunological tolerance limits reactivity toward self. We discovered that several innate immune galectins show specific recognition of microbes that express self-like antigens, leading to direct killing of a broad range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbes. Thus, host protection against microbes seems to represent a balance between adaptive and innate immunity to defend against evolving antigenic determinants while protecting against molecular mimicry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Stowell
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2]
| | - Connie M Arthur
- 1] Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. [2]
| | - Ryan McBride
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [3]
| | - Oren Berger
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nahid Razi
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lilian C Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jean-Philippe Gourdine
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Alexander J Noll
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - David F Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Yuriy A Knirel
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - James C Paulson
- 1] Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA. [2] Department of and Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Biochemistry and the Glycomics Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
An evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and presentation across different timescales reveals pervasive selection. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004189. [PMID: 24675550 PMCID: PMC3967941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The antigenic repertoire presented by MHC molecules is generated by the antigen processing and presentation (APP) pathway. We analyzed the evolutionary history of 45 genes involved in APP at the inter- and intra-species level. Results showed that 11 genes evolved adaptively in mammals. Several positively selected sites involve positions of fundamental importance to the protein function (e.g. the TAP1 peptide-binding domains, the sugar binding interface of langerin, and the CD1D trafficking signal region). In CYBB, all selected sites cluster in two loops protruding into the endosomal lumen; analysis of missense mutations responsible for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) showed the action of different selective forces on the very same gene region, as most CGD substitutions involve aminoacid positions that are conserved in all mammals. As for ERAP2, different computational methods indicated that positive selection has driven the recurrent appearance of protein-destabilizing variants during mammalian evolution. Application of a population-genetics phylogenetics approach showed that purifying selection represented a major force acting on some APP components (e.g. immunoproteasome subunits and chaperones) and allowed identification of positive selection events in the human lineage. We also investigated the evolutionary history of APP genes in human populations by developing a new approach that uses several different tests to identify the selection target, and that integrates low-coverage whole-genome sequencing data with Sanger sequencing. This analysis revealed that 9 APP genes underwent local adaptation in human populations. Most positive selection targets are located within noncoding regions with regulatory function in myeloid cells or act as expression quantitative trait loci. Conversely, balancing selection targeted nonsynonymous variants in TAP1 and CD207 (langerin). Finally, we suggest that selected variants in PSMB10 and CD207 contribute to human phenotypes. Thus, we used evolutionary information to generate experimentally-testable hypotheses and to provide a list of sites to prioritize in follow-up analyses. Antigen-presenting cells digest intracellular and extracellular proteins and display the resulting antigenic repertoire on cell surface molecules for recognition by T cells. This process initiates cell-mediated immune responses and is essential to detect infections. The antigenic repertoire is generated by the antigen processing and presentation pathway. Because several pathogens evade immune recognition by hampering this process, genes involved in antigen processing and presentation may represent common natural selection targets. Thus, we analyzed the evolutionary history of these genes during mammalian evolution and in the more recent history of human populations. Evolutionary analyses in mammals indicated that positive selection targeted a very high proportion of genes (24%), and revealed that many selected sites affect positions of fundamental importance to the protein function. In humans, we found different signatures of natural selection acting both on regions that are expected to regulate gene expression levels or timing and on coding variants; two human selected polymorphisms may modulate the susceptibility to Crohn's disease and to HIV-1 infection. Therefore, we provide a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of antigen processing and we show that evolutionary studies can provide useful information concerning the location and nature of functional variants, ultimately helping to clarify phenotypic differences between and within species.
Collapse
|
75
|
De Jesus M, Ostroff GR, Levitz SM, Bartling TR, Mantis NJ. A population of Langerin-positive dendritic cells in murine Peyer's patches involved in sampling β-glucan microparticles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91002. [PMID: 24632738 PMCID: PMC3954581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucan particles (GPs) are 2–4 μm hollow, porous shells composed of 1,3-β-D-glucan that have been effectively used for oral targeted–delivery of a wide range of payloads, including small molecules, siRNA, DNA, and protein antigens. While it has been demonstrated that the transepithelial transport of GPs is mediated by Peyer's patch M cells, the fate of the GPs once within gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) is not known. Here we report that fluorescently labeled GPs administered to mice by gavage accumulate in CD11c+ DCs situated in Peyer's patch sub-epithelial dome (SED) regions. GPs appeared in DCs within minutes after gavage and remained within the SED for days afterwards. The co-administration or sequential administration of GPs with differentially labeled GPs or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles demonstrated that the SED DC subpopulation in question was capable of internalizing particles of different sizes and material compositions. Phenotypic analysis identified the GP-containing DCs as being CD8α- and CD11blo/-, suggesting they are the so-called myeloid and/or double negative (DN) subset(s) of PP DCs. A survey of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) known to be expressed by leukocytes within the intestinal mucosa revealed that GP-containing SED DCs were positive for Langerin (CD207), a CLR with specificity for β-D-glucan and that has been shown to mediate the internalization of a wide range of microbial pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and fungi. The presence of Langerin+ DCs in the SED as determined by immunofluorescence was confirmed using Langerin E-GFP transgenic mice. In summary, our results demonstrate that following M cell-mediated transepithelial transport, GPs (and other micro/nanoparticles) are sampled by a population of SED DCs distinguished from other Peyer's patch DC subsets by their expression of Langerin. Future studies will be aimed at defining the role of Langerin in antigen sampling and antigen presentation within the context of the GALT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdia De Jesus
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Ostroff
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stuart M. Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Toni R. Bartling
- College of Nanoscale Sciences and Engineering, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, Albany, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Feinberg H, Rowntree TJW, Tan SLW, Drickamer K, Weis WI, Taylor ME. Common polymorphisms in human langerin change specificity for glycan ligands. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36762-71. [PMID: 24217250 PMCID: PMC3873535 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.528000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin, a C-type lectin on Langerhans cells, mediates carbohydrate-dependent uptake of pathogens in the first step of antigen presentation to the adaptive immune system. Langerin binds a diverse range of carbohydrates including high mannose structures, fucosylated blood group antigens, and glycans with terminal 6-sulfated galactose. Mutagenesis and quantitative binding assays indicate that salt bridges between the sulfate group and two lysine residues compensate for the nonoptimal binding of galactose at the primary Ca2+ site. A commonly occurring single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in human langerin results in change of one of these lysine residues, Lys-313, to isoleucine. Glycan array screening reveals that this amino acid change abolishes binding to oligosaccharides with terminal 6SO4-Gal and enhances binding to oligosaccharides with terminal GlcNAc residues. Structural analysis shows that enhanced binding to GlcNAc may result from Ile-313 packing against the N-acetyl group. The K313I polymorphism is tightly linked to another SNP that results in the change N288D, which reduces affinity for glycan ligands by destabilizing the Ca2+-binding site. Langerin with Asp-288 and Ile-313 shows no binding to 6SO4-Gal-terminated glycans and increased binding to GlcNAc-terminated structures, but overall decreased binding to glycans. Altered langerin function in individuals with the linked N288D and K313I polymorphisms may affect susceptibility to infection by microorganisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hadar Feinberg
- From the Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
77
|
Jégouzo SAF, Quintero-Martínez A, Ouyang X, dos Santos Á, Taylor ME, Drickamer K. Organization of the extracellular portion of the macrophage galactose receptor: a trimeric cluster of simple binding sites for N-acetylgalactosamine. Glycobiology 2013; 23:853-64. [PMID: 23507965 PMCID: PMC3671775 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The properties of the human macrophage galactose receptor have been investigated. Specificity for N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues with exposed 3- and 4-hydroxyl groups explains virtually all of the results obtained from a recently expanded array of synthetic glycans and is consistent with a model for the structure of the binding site. This simple interaction is sufficient to explain the ability of the receptor to bind to tumor-cell glycans bearing Tn and sialyl-Tn antigens, but not to more elaborate O-linked glycans that predominate on normal cells. This specificity also allows for binding of parasite glycans and screening of an array of bacterial outer membrane oligosaccharides confirms that the receptor binds to a subset of these structures with appropriately exposed GalNAc residues. A key feature of the receptor is the clustering of binding sites in the extracellular portion of the protein, which retains the trimeric structure observed in the cell membrane. Chemical crosslinking, gel filtration, circular dichroism analysis and differential scanning calorimetry demonstrate that this trimeric structure of the receptor is stabilized by an α-helical coiled coil that extends from the surface of the membrane to the globular carbohydrate-recognition domains. The helical neck domains form independent trimerization domains. Taken together, these results indicate that the macrophage galactose receptor shares many of the features of serum mannose-binding protein, in which clusters of monosaccharide-binding sites serve as detectors for a simple epitope that is not common on endogenous cell surface glycans but that is abundant on the surfaces of tumor cells and certain pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine A F Jégouzo
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, Sir Ernst Chain Building, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Varga N, Sutkeviciute I, Guzzi C, McGeagh J, Petit-Haertlein I, Gugliotta S, Weiser J, Angulo J, Fieschi F, Bernardi A. Selective Targeting of Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-3-Grabbing Nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) with Mannose-Based Glycomimetics: Synthesis and Interaction Studies of Bis(benzylamide) Derivatives of a Pseudomannobioside. Chemistry 2013; 19:4786-97. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
79
|
Thépaut M, Guzzi C, Sutkeviciute I, Sattin S, Ribeiro-Viana R, Varga N, Chabrol E, Rojo J, Bernardi A, Angulo J, Nieto PM, Fieschi F. Structure of a Glycomimetic Ligand in the Carbohydrate Recognition Domain of C-type Lectin DC-SIGN. Structural Requirements for Selectivity and Ligand Design. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:2518-29. [DOI: 10.1021/ja3053305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Thépaut
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble I, 41 rue Jules Horowitz,
Grenoble, F-38027, France
- CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Cinzia Guzzi
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49,
41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ieva Sutkeviciute
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble I, 41 rue Jules Horowitz,
Grenoble, F-38027, France
- CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Sara Sattin
- Dipartimento di Chimica via
Golgi 19, Universita’ di Milano,
20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Renato Ribeiro-Viana
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49,
41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Norbert Varga
- Dipartimento di Chimica via
Golgi 19, Universita’ di Milano,
20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Eric Chabrol
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble I, 41 rue Jules Horowitz,
Grenoble, F-38027, France
- CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- CEA, DSV, Grenoble, F-38000, France
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49,
41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica via
Golgi 19, Universita’ di Milano,
20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jesus Angulo
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49,
41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pedro M. Nieto
- Glycosystems
Laboratory, Instituto
de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), CSIC − Universidad de Sevilla, Américo Vespucio 49,
41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble I, 41 rue Jules Horowitz,
Grenoble, F-38027, France
- CNRS, UMR 5075, Grenoble, F-38000, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 103 boulevard Saint-Michel 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Bulgakov AA, Eliseikina MG, Kovalchuk SN, Petrova IY, Likhatskaya GN, Shamshurina EV, Rasskazov VA. Mannan-binding lectin of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 15:73-86. [PMID: 22696119 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9460-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel lectin specific to low-branched mannans (MBL-SN) was isolated from coelomic plasma of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus by combining anion-exchange liquid chromatography on DEAE Toyopearl 650 M, affinity chromatography on mannan-Sepharose and gel filtration on the Sephacryl S-200. The molecular mass of MBL-SN was estimated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions to be about 34 kDa. MBL-SN was shown to be a dimer with two identical subunits of about 17 kDa. The native MBL-SN exists as a tetramer. The physico-chemical properties of MBL-SN indicate that it belongs to C-type mannan-binding lectins. The cDNA encoding MBL-SN was cloned from the total cDNA of S. nudus coelomocytes and encodes a 17-kDa protein of 144 amino acid residues that contains a single carbohydrate-recognition domain of C-type lectins. Prediction of the MBL-SN tertiary structure using comparative modelling revealed that MBL-SN is an α/β-protein with eight β-strands and two α-helices. Comparison of the MBL-SN model with available three-dimensional structures of C-type lectins revealed that they share a common fold pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr A Bulgakov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Stoletya Vladivostoku Str. 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
81
|
Chabrol E, Nurisso A, Daina A, Vassal-Stermann E, Thepaut M, Girard E, Vivès RR, Fieschi F. Glycosaminoglycans are interactants of Langerin: comparison with gp120 highlights an unexpected calcium-independent binding mode. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50722. [PMID: 23226363 PMCID: PMC3511376 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerin is a C-type lectin specifically expressed in Langerhans cells. As recently shown for HIV, Langerin is thought to capture pathogens and mediate their internalisation into Birbeck Granules for elimination. However, the precise functions of Langerin remain elusive, mostly because of the lack of information on its binding properties and physiological ligands. Based on recent reports that Langerin binds to sulfated sugars, we conducted here a comparative analysis of Langerin interaction with mannose-rich HIV glycoprotein gp120 and glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), a family of sulfated polysaccharides expressed at the surface of most mammalian cells. Our results first revealed that Langerin bound to these different glycans through very distinct mechanisms and led to the identification of a novel, GAG-specific binding mode within Langerin. In contrast to the canonical lectin domain, this new binding site showed no Ca(2+)-dependency, and could only be detected in entire, trimeric extracellular domains of Langerin. Interestingly binding to GAGs, did not simply rely on a net charge effect, but rather on more discrete saccharide features, such as 6-O-sulfation, or iduronic acid content. Using molecular modelling simulations, we proposed a model of Langerin/heparin complex, which located the GAG binding site at the interface of two of the three Carbohydrate-recognition domains of the protein, at the edge of the a-helix coiled-coil. To our knowledge, the binding properties that we have highlighted here for Langerin, have never been reported for C-type lectins before. These findings provide new insights towards the understanding of Langerin biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Chabrol
- Groupe Membrane & Pathogens, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
- UMR 5075, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Departement des sciences du vivant, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Alessandra Nurisso
- Département de Pharmacochimie, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Daina
- Département de Pharmacochimie, Université de Genève, Genève, Switzerland
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Vassal-Stermann
- UMR 5075, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Departement des sciences du vivant, CEA, Grenoble, France
- Groupe SAGAG, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Michel Thepaut
- Groupe Membrane & Pathogens, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
- UMR 5075, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Departement des sciences du vivant, CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Girard
- UMR 5075, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Departement des sciences du vivant, CEA, Grenoble, France
- Groupe ELMA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Romain R. Vivès
- UMR 5075, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Departement des sciences du vivant, CEA, Grenoble, France
- Molecular Modeling Group, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Groupe Membrane & Pathogens, Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
- UMR 5075, CNRS, Grenoble, France
- Departement des sciences du vivant, CEA, Grenoble, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Gauto DF, Petruk AA, Modenutti CP, Blanco JI, Di Lella S, Martí MA. Solvent structure improves docking prediction in lectin-carbohydrate complexes. Glycobiology 2012; 23:241-58. [PMID: 23089616 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cws147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition and complex formation between proteins and carbohydrates is a key issue in many important biological processes. Determination of the three-dimensional structure of such complexes is thus most relevant, but particularly challenging because of their usually low binding affinity. In silico docking methods have a long-standing tradition in predicting protein-ligand complexes, and allow a potentially fast exploration of a number of possible protein-carbohydrate complex structures. However, determining which of these predicted complexes represents the correct structure is not always straightforward. In this work, we present a modification of the scoring function provided by AutoDock4, a widely used docking software, on the basis of analysis of the solvent structure adjacent to the protein surface, as derived from molecular dynamics simulations, that allows the definition and characterization of regions with higher water occupancy than the bulk solvent, called water sites. They mimic the interaction held between the carbohydrate -OH groups and the protein. We used this information for an improved docking method in relation to its capacity to correctly predict the protein-carbohydrate complexes for a number of tested proteins, whose ligands range in size from mono- to tetrasaccharide. Our results show that the presented method significantly improves the docking predictions. The resulting solvent-structure-biased docking protocol, therefore, appears as a powerful tool for the design and optimization of development of glycomimetic drugs, while providing new insights into protein-carbohydrate interactions. Moreover, the achieved improvement also underscores the relevance of the solvent structure to the protein carbohydrate recognition process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego F Gauto
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Analítica y Química Física, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
83
|
van den Berg LM, Gringhuis SI, Geijtenbeek TB. An evolutionary perspective on C-type lectins in infection and immunity. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:149-58. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
84
|
Abstract
The long-sought entry receptors for rubella, sindbis and respiratory syncytial viruses (RV, SV and RSV), together with the missing measles virus (MV) receptor for infection of epithelial cells, were identified in 2011. These have been major developments in the field of virus entry. In addition, 2011 was rich in new information about the interactions of MV, RSV and phleboviruses with DC-SIGN during infection of dendritic cells, a crucial step allowing the virus to breach the epithelial barrier and gain access to the lymph nodes. This faciliates dissemination to susceptible tissues where it can develop a vigorous and sustained replication, to eventually target specific organs from which it can propagate into the environment and efficiently infect new hosts, closing the merry-go-round of the virus cycle.
Collapse
|
85
|
Ahmed Z, Czubala M, Blanchet F, Piguet V. HIV impairment of immune responses in dendritic cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 762:201-38. [PMID: 22975877 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells and their subsets are diverse populations of immune cells in the skin and mucous membranes that possess the ability to sense the presence of microbes and orchestrate an efficient and adapted immune response. Dendritic cells (DC) have the unique ability to act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses. These cells are composed of a number of subsets behaving with preferential and specific features depending on their location and surrounding environment. Langerhans cells (LC) or dermal DC (dDC) are readily present in mucosal areas. Other DC subsets such as plasmacytoid DC (pDC), myeloid DC (myDC), or monocyte-derived DC (MDDC) are thought to be recruited or differentiated in sites of pathogenic challenge. Upon HIV infection, DC and their subsets are likely among the very first immune cells to encounter incoming pathogens and initiate innate and adaptive immune responses. However, as evidenced during HIV infection, some pathogens have evolved subtle strategies to hijack key cellular machineries essential to generate efficient antiviral responses and subvert immune responses for spread and survival.In this chapter, we review recent research aimed at investigating the involvement of DC subtypes in HIV transmission at mucosal sites, concentrating on HIV impact on cellular signalling and trafficking pathways in DC leading to DC-mediated immune response alterations and viral immune evasion. We also address some aspects of DC functions during the chronic immune pathogenesis and conclude with an overview of the current and novel therapeutic and prophylactic strategies aimed at improving DC-mediated immune responses, thus to potentially tackle the early events of mucosal HIV infection and spread.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
86
|
Antiviral immune responses by human langerhans cells and dendritic cells in HIV-1 infection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2012; 762:45-70. [PMID: 22975871 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-4433-6_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The main route of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection is via unprotected sexual intercourse, and therefore, vaginal tissues and male foreskin are viral entry sites. Langerhans cells (LCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) are amongst the first immune cells encountering HIV-1 since these cells line these mucosal tissues. Both LCs and DCs are equipped with specific pattern recognition receptors that not only sense pathogens, but induce specific immune responses against these pathogens. LCs express the C-type lectin receptor langerin, which provides protection against HIV-1 infection. In contrast, DCs express the C-type lectin receptor DC-SIGN, which facilitates capture as well as infection of DCs and subsequent transmission to CD4(+) T cells. This chapter gives an update on immune responses elicited against viruses and sheds a light on different immune mechanisms that are hijacked by HIV-1 to infect the host. HIV-1 infection ultimately leads to the worldwide pandemic acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Collapse
|
87
|
Agostino M, Yuriev E, Ramsland PA. A computational approach for exploring carbohydrate recognition by lectins in innate immunity. Front Immunol 2011; 2:23. [PMID: 22566813 PMCID: PMC3342079 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2011.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recognition of pathogen-associated carbohydrates by a broad range of carbohydrate-binding proteins is central to both adaptive and innate immunity. A large functionally diverse group of mammalian carbohydrate-binding proteins are lectins, which often display calcium-dependent carbohydrate interactions mediated by one or more carbohydrate recognition domains. We report here the application of molecular docking and site mapping to study carbohydrate recognition by several lectins involved in innate immunity or in modulating adaptive immune responses. It was found that molecular docking programs can identify the correct carbohydrate-binding mode, but often have difficulty in ranking it as the best pose. This is largely attributed to the broad and shallow nature of lectin binding sites, and the high flexibility of carbohydrates. Site mapping is very effective at identifying lectin residues involved in carbohydrate recognition, especially with cases that were found to be particularly difficult to characterize via molecular docking. This study highlights the need for alternative strategies to examine carbohydrate–lectin interactions, and specifically demonstrates the potential for mapping methods to extract additional and relevant information from the ensembles of binding poses generated by molecular docking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Agostino
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
88
|
Theillet FX, Frank M, Vulliez-Le Normand B, Simenel C, Hoos S, Chaffotte A, Bélot F, Guerreiro C, Nato F, Phalipon A, Mulard LA, Delepierre M. Dynamic aspects of antibody:oligosaccharide complexes characterized by molecular dynamics simulations and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance. Glycobiology 2011; 21:1570-9. [PMID: 21610193 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwr059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are likely to maintain significant conformational flexibility in antibody (Ab):carbohydrate complexes. As demonstrated herein for the protective monoclonal Ab (mAb) F22-4 recognizing the Shigella flexneri 2a O-antigen (O-Ag) and numerous synthetic oligosaccharide fragments thereof, the combination of molecular dynamics simulations and nuclear magnetic resonance saturation transfer difference experiments, supported by physicochemical analysis, allows us to determine the binding epitope and its various contributions to affinity without using any modified oligosaccharides. Moreover, the methods used provide insights into ligand flexibility in the complex, thus enabling a better understanding of the Ab affinities observed for a representative set of synthetic O-Ag fragments. Additionally, these complementary pieces of information give evidence to the ability of the studied mAb to recognize internal as well as terminal epitopes of its cognate polysaccharide antigen. Hence, we show that an appropriate combination of computational and experimental methods provides a basis to explore carbohydrate functional mimicry and receptor binding. The strategy may facilitate the design of either ligands or carbohydrate recognition domains, according to needed improvements of the natural carbohydrate:receptor properties.
Collapse
|
89
|
Andreini M, Doknic D, Sutkeviciute I, Reina JJ, Duan J, Chabrol E, Thepaut M, Moroni E, Doro F, Belvisi L, Weiser J, Rojo J, Fieschi F, Bernardi A. Second generation of fucose-based DC-SIGN ligands : affinity improvement and specificity versus Langerin. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:5778-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob05573a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|