51
|
|
52
|
Haas SE, Brum L, de Andrade C, Azeredo FJ, Pigatto M, Silva Torres BG, Guterres SS, Costa TD. HIGHLY SENSITIVE LC-MS/MS METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF CLOZAPINE IN RAT PLASMA: APPLICATION TO A PRECLINICAL PHARMACOKINETIC STUDY. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.639118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Elisa Haas
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Liberato Brum
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Cristiane de Andrade
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Francine Johansson Azeredo
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Maiara Pigatto
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Bruna Gaelzer Silva Torres
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Silvia Staniçuaski Guterres
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| | - Teresa Dalla Costa
- a Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Rio Grande do Sul , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide information for interpreting outcome results from monitoring of antipsychotics in biological samples. A brief overview of the working mechanisms, pharmacological effects, drug interactions, and analytical methods of classical and atypical antipsychotics is given. Nineteen antipsychotics were selected based on their importance in the worldwide market as follows: amisulpride, aripiprazole, asenapine, bromperidol, clozapine, flupenthixol, haloperidol, iloperidone, lurasidone, olanzapine, paliperidone, perphenazine, pimozide, pipamperone, quetiapine, risperidone, sertindole, sulpiride, and zuclopenthixol. A straightforward relationship between administered dose, plasma or serum concentration, clinical outcome, or adverse effects is often lacking. Nowadays, focus lies on therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized therapy to find adequate treatment, to explain treatment failure or nonresponse, and to check patient compliance. However, extensive research in this field is still mandatory.
Collapse
|
54
|
Patel DS, Sharma N, Patel MC, Patel BN, Shrivastav PS, Sanyal M. LC–MS/MS assay for olanzapine in human plasma and its application to a bioequivalence study. Acta Pharm Sin B 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
55
|
Quantitative analysis of olanzapine in rat brain microdialysates by HPLC–MS/MS coupled with column-switching technique. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 905:127-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
56
|
Identification of 2-hydroxymethyl-olanzapine as a novel degradation product of olanzapine. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 220:74-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Revised: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
57
|
Saar E, Beyer J, Gerostamoulos D, Drummer OH. The analysis of antipsychotic drugs in human matrices using LC-MS(/MS). Drug Test Anal 2012; 4:376-94. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Saar
- Department of Forensic Medicine; Monash University; Southbank; Victoria; Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
Atypical antipsychotics: trends in analysis and sample preparation of various biological samples. Bioanalysis 2012; 4:961-80. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.12.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Atypical antipsychotics are increasingly popular and increasingly prescribed. In some countries, they can even be obtained over-the-counter, without a prescription, making their abuse quite easy. Although atypical antipsychotics are thought to be safer than typical antipsychotics, they still have severe side effects. Intoxications are not rare and some of them have a fatal outcome. Drug interactions involving atypical antipsychotics complicate patient management in clinical settings and the determination of the cause of death in fatalities. In view of the above, analytical strategies that can efficiently isolate atypical antipsychotics from a variety of biological samples and quantify them accurately, sensitively and reliably, are of utmost importance both for the clinical, as well as for the forensic toxicologist. In this review, we will present and discuss novel analytical strategies that have been developed from 2004 to the present day for the determination of atypical antipsychotics in various biological samples.
Collapse
|
59
|
Development and validation of a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for hair analysis of atomoxetine and its metabolites: Application in clinical practice. Forensic Sci Int 2012; 218:62-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
60
|
Choong E, Bondolfi G, Etter M, Jermann F, Aubry JM, Bartolomei J, Gholam-Rezaee M, Eap CB. Psychotropic drug-induced weight gain and other metabolic complications in a Swiss psychiatric population. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:540-8. [PMID: 22316639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the weight gain-related side-effects of psychotropic drugs and their consequences on metabolic complications (hypercholesterolemia, obesity) in a Swiss cohort of psychiatric patients. METHOD This cross-sectional observational study was performed in an out-patient psychiatric division with patients having received for more than 3 months the following drugs: clozapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, lithium, and/or valproate. Clinical measures and lifestyle information (smoking behaviour, physical activity) were recorded. RESULTS 196 inclusions were completed. Weight gain (≥10% of initial weight) following drug treatment was reported in 47% of these patients. Prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30), hypercholesterolemia (≥6.2 mmol/L) and low HDL-cholesterol (<1.0 mmol/L in men, <1.3 mmol/L in women) were present in 38%, 21%, and 27% of patients, respectively. A higher standardised dose, an increase of appetite following medication introduction, the type of medication (clozapine or olanzapine > quetiapine or risperidone > lithium or valproate), and the gender were shown to be significantly associated with evolution of BMI. CONCLUSION High prevalence of obesity and hypercholesterolemia was found in an out-patient psychiatric population and confirms drug-induced weight gain complications during long-term treatment. The results support the recently published recommendations of monitoring of metabolic side-effects during treatment with atypical antipsychotics. Moreover, the weight gain predictors found in the present study could help to highlight patients with special health care management requirement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Choong
- Unit of Pharmacogenetics and Clinical Psychopharmacology, Centre for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
61
|
Ulu ST. SENSITIVE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF ATOMOXETINE IN PLASMA AND URINE PRECOLUMN DERIVATIZATION WITH 1-DIMETHYLAMINONAPHTHALENE-5-SULPHONYL CHLORIDE. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.608232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Tatar Ulu
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry , Istanbul University , Istanbul , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Aşangil D, Hüdai Taşdemir İ, Kılıç E. Adsorptive stripping voltammetric methods for determination of aripiprazole. J Pharm Anal 2012; 2:193-199. [PMID: 29403742 PMCID: PMC5760885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anodic behavior of aripiprazole (ARP) was studied using electrochemical methods. Charge transfer, diffusion and surface coverage coefficients of adsorbed molecules and the number of electrons transferred in electrode mechanisms were calculated for quasi-reversible and adsorption-controlled electrochemical oxidation of ARP at 1.15 V versus Ag/AgCl at pH 4.0 in Britton–Robinson buffer (BR) on glassy carbon electrode. Voltammetric methods for direct determination of ARP in pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological samples were developed. Linearity range is found as from 11.4 μM (5.11 mg/L) to 157 μM (70.41 mg/L) without stripping mode and it is found as from 0.221 μM (0.10 mg/L) to 13.6 μM (6.10 mg/L) with stripping mode. Limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.11 μM (0.05 mg/L) in stripping voltammetry. Methods were successfully applied to assay the drug in tablets, human serum and human urine with good recoveries between 95.0% and 104.6% with relative standard deviation less than 10%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Aşangil
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Hüdai Taşdemir
- Amasya University, Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Chemistry, 05100 Amasya, Turkey
| | - Esma Kılıç
- Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Ansermot N, Brawand-Amey M, Eap CB. Simultaneous quantification of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 885-886:117-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
64
|
Marchei E, Papaseit E, Garcia-Algar OQ, Farrè M, Pacifici R, Pichini S. Determination of atomoxetine and its metabolites in conventional and non-conventional biological matrices by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 60:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
65
|
Appel DI, Brinda B, Markowitz JS, Newcorn JH, Zhu HJ. A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry assay for the analysis of atomoxetine in human plasma and in vitro cellular samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1364-70. [PMID: 22275222 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive method for quantification of atomoxetine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed. This assay represents the first LC-MS/MS quantification method for atomoxetine utilizing electrospray ionization. Deuterated atomoxetine (d3-atomoxetine) was adopted as the internal standard. Direct protein precipitation was utilized for sample preparation. This method was validated for both human plasma and in vitro cellular samples. The lower limit of quantification was 3 ng/mL and 10 nm for human plasma and cellular samples, respectively. The calibration curves were linear within the ranges of 3-900 ng/mL and 10 nm to 10 µm for human plasma and cellular samples, respectively (r(2) >0.999). The intra- and inter-day assay accuracy and precision were evaluated using quality control samples at three different concentrations in both human plasma and cellular lysate. Sample run stability, assay selectivity, matrix effect and recovery were also successfully demonstrated. The present assay is superior to previously published LC-MS and LC-MS/MS methods in terms of sensitivity or the simplicity of sample preparation. This assay is applicable to the analysis of atomoxetine in both human plasma and in vitro cellular samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David I Appel
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610-0486, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
66
|
Liang F, Terry AV, Bartlett MG. Determination of aripiprazole in rat plasma and brain using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 26:1325-32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; The University of Georgia; Athens; GA; 30602-2352; USA
| | - Alvin V. Terry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Georgia Health Sciences University; Augusta; GA; 30912-2300; USA
| | - Michael G. Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; The University of Georgia; Athens; GA; 30602-2352; USA
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Caloro M, Lionetto L, Cuomo I, Simonetti A, Pucci D, De Persis S, Casolla B, Kotzalidis GD, Sciarretta A, De Filippis S, Simmaco M, Girardi P. An improved simple LC-MS/MS method for the measurement of serum aripiprazole and its major metabolite. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 62:135-9. [PMID: 22300908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Current liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods to measure serum levels of aripiprazole (Ar) and dehydroaripiprazole (DHAr) are sensitive, but difficult to use in a hospital context. We aimed to develop a rapid LC-MS/MS method allowing reliable level measurement in the presence of co-administered drugs, withdrawing samples from 22 patients with acute agitation receiving 9.75 mg aripiprazole IM injection. METHOD We developed a sensitive and selective HPLC-MS/MS method to measure serum Ar and DHAr levels in a hospital laboratory, requiring minimal sample preparation and inferior sample volume compared to previous LC-MS/MS methods. Analytes were separated on a reversed-phase HPLC (run-time, 10 min). A triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer was used for quantitative analysis in positive mode by a multiple reaction monitoring. Samples were drawn 2, 4, 6, and 24h post-injection. RESULTS Calibration curves (2-1000 ng/mL for Ar and 3.5-500 ng/mL for DHAr) were linear, with mean correlation coefficient >0.9998. Within- and between-day precision and accuracy were within 10%. Mean recovery was 95.2 ± 4.5% for Ar and 97.6 ± 7.2% for DHAr. Ar and DHAr peaks were not affected by other co-administered psychotropic drugs. CONCLUSION Our method measured Ar and DHAr concentrations reliably, simply and rapidly without employing many reagents, as currently existing methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Caloro
- NESMOS (Neuroscience, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs) Department, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
68
|
A simple HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of venlafaxine and its major metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine in human serum. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:1713-8. [PMID: 21827270 DOI: 10.4155/bio.11.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Venlafaxine is a very popular antidepressant in Greece. There is an increasing rate of self-poisoning cases with this drug presenting at the emergency departments around the country. We have developed a simple HPLC method with ultraviolet detection for the simultaneous determination of venlafaxine and its major metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, in human serum following solid-phase extraction. The developed method was validated in terms of sensitivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability and selectivity both for therapeutic and toxic serum ranges, and was applied to human serum samples. The method currently developed and validated is simple, does not require expensive instrumentation and can therefore be easily applied in the clinical toxicology setting for the diagnosis and management of acute venlafaxine intoxication.
Collapse
|
69
|
Antipsychotic drugs increase adipose stem cell differentiation--implications for treatment with antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011; 31:663-5. [PMID: 21881453 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e31822bf0a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
70
|
Togar B, Turkez H, Tatar A, Kırkpınar I, Hacımuftuoglu A, Geyikoglu F, Keles MS, Dirican E. The genotoxic potentials of some atypical antipsychotic drugs on human lymphocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2011; 28:327-33. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233711410919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Olanzapine (OLZ), risperidone (RPD) and quetiapine (QTP) are atypical antipsychotic drugs and are commonly used for the treatments of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. However, recent reports indicated that these drugs could exhibit toxic effects on nervous and cardiovascular systems. To our best knowledge, there are scarce data considering the genotoxic damage potentials of OLZ, RPD and QTP on human lymphocyte culture system. Therefore, in this study, the genotoxic potentials of OLZ, RPD and QTP (0–400 mg/L) have been evaluated in human whole blood cultures (WBCs; n = 4). The single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) and micronucleus (MN) assays were applied to estimate the DNA damage. The results of the present study indicated that the tested antipsychotic drug did not induce genotoxicity. In fact, the mean values of the total scores of cells showing DNA damage (for SCGE assay) and MN/1000 cell were not found significantly different from the control values ( p > 0.05). However, the application of the highest drug concentrations (250 mg/L and above) caused the sterility in lymphocyte cultures. It is concluded that the tested three different atypical antipsychotic drugs can be used safely, but it is necessary to consider the cytotoxic effects that are likely to appear depending on the doses exposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Başak Togar
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Turkez
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Medical Faculty, Medical Genetics Department, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ismet Kırkpınar
- Medical Faculty, Psychiatry Department, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımuftuoglu
- Medical Faculty, Medical Pharmacology Department, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatime Geyikoglu
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - M Sait Keles
- Medical Faculty, Biochemistry Department, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ebubekir Dirican
- Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Models to estimate overall analytical measurements uncertainty: Assumptions, comparisons and applications. Anal Chim Acta 2011; 702:160-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
72
|
Schwenger E, Dumontet J, Ensom MH. Does Olanzapine Warrant Clinical Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in Schizophrenia? Clin Pharmacokinet 2011; 50:415-28. [DOI: 10.2165/11587240-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
73
|
Choong E, Rudaz S, Kottelat A, Haldemann S, Guillarme D, Veuthey JL, Eap CB. Quantification of 4 antidepressants and a metabolite by LC–MS for therapeutic drug monitoring. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1544-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
74
|
Chen J, Xiong C, Ruan J, Su Z. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of clozapine and chlorpromazine in urine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 31:277-284. [PMID: 21505999 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-011-0266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A simple method has been proposed for the determination of clozapine (CLZ) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) in human urine by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). All important variables influencing the extraction efficiency, such as pH, types of the extraction solvent and the disperser solvent and their volume, ionic strength and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of the method were 13 and 39 ng/mL for CLZ, and 2 and 6 ng/mL for CPZ, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the targets were less than 5.1% (C=0.100 μg/mL, n=9). Good linear behaviors over the tested concentration ranges were obtained with the values of R (2)>0.999 for the targets. The absolute extraction efficiencies of CLZ and CPZ from the spiked blank urine samples were 98.3% and 97.8%, respectively. The applicability of the technique was validated by analyzing urine samples and the mean recoveries for spiked urine samples ranged from 93.3% to 105.0%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of CLZ and CPZ in real human urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resources Evaluation of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chaomei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resources Evaluation of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Jinlan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resources Evaluation of Hubei Province, College of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zou Su
- The Second Psychiatric Hospital, Wuhan, 430084, China
| |
Collapse
|
75
|
Sanghavi BJ, Srivastava AK. Adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetric determination of venlafaxine and desvenlafaxine employing Nafion–carbon nanotube composite glassy carbon electrode. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
76
|
Saracino MA, Lazzara G, Prugnoli B, Raggi MA. Rapid assays of clozapine and its metabolites in dried blood spots by liquid chromatography and microextraction by packed sorbent procedure. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:2153-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.01.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
77
|
Quantification of antidepressants and antipsychotics in human serum by precipitation and ultra high pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
78
|
Bio-sample preparation and analytical methods for the determination of tricyclic antidepressants. Bioanalysis 2011; 3:97-118. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An extended and comprehensive review is presented herein, focusing on sample preparation (pretreatment and extraction) and different analytical methods applied for the quantification of tricyclic antidepressants. These procedures are relevant tools in clinical and forensic toxicology. It is revealed that SPE, for sample preparation, and HPLC, using reversed-phase alkyl (C18) or cyanopropyl-bonded silica columns for the analytes separation, are effective and versatile methods for assay of tricyclic antidepressants. These methods enable achievable detection limits using UV/diode array detection, readily available in most laboratories, down to 1–8 ng ml-1, and using electron capture detection better than 1 ng ml-1, which is lower than that for nitrogen–phosphorus detector. MS interfaced with electrospray ionization offered similar sensitivity, whilst sonic spray ionization provided detection down to 0.03 ng ml-1. A brief discussion on chemical structures, metabolism and mechanism of action of this group of drugs is also presented.
Collapse
|
79
|
Akamine Y, Yasui-Furukori N, Kojima M, Inoue Y, Uno T. A sensitive column-switching HPLC method for aripiprazole and dehydroaripiprazole and its application to human pharmacokinetic studies. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:3292-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201000457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
80
|
Vardakou I, Dona A, Pistos C, Alevisopoulos G, Athanaselis S, Maravelias C, Spiliopoulou C. Validated GC/MS method for the simultaneous determination of clozapine and norclozapine in human plasma. Application in psychiatric patients under clozapine treatment. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2010; 878:2327-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
81
|
Josefsson M, Roman M, Skogh E, Dahl ML. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of olanzapine and N-desmethylolanzapine in human serum and cerebrospinal fluid. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:576-82. [PMID: 20452161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A validated, accurate and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determination of olanzapine and its metabolite N-desmethylolanzapine has been developed. The analytes were quantified by tandem mass spectrometry operating in positive electrospray ionization mode with multiple reaction monitoring. Olanzapine and desmethylolanzapine were extracted from serum or cerebral spinal fluid samples, 200 microl, with tert-butyl methyl ether using olanzapine-D3 as internal standard. Calibrations for olanzapine and desmethylolanzapine were linear within the selected range of 0.2-30 ng/ml (6-96 nM) in cerebral spinal fluid and for olanzapine in plasma, in the range of 5-100 ng/ml (16-320 nM). The method was successfully used for the analysis of samples from patients treated with olanzapine in the dose range of 2.5-25mg/day.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Josefsson
- Department of Forensic Genetics and Forensic Toxicology, National Board of Forensic Medicine, SE-58133 Linköping, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|