51
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Analysis of Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Their Impurities, and Non-Labeled Interfering Substances by Stability-indicating UPLC/MS/MS Method: Studying the Method’s Greenness Profile. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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52
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Jia W, Shi L, Chu X, Chang J, Chen Y, Zhang F. A strategy for untargeted screening of macrolides and metabolites in bass by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. Food Chem 2018; 262:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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53
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Thummar M, Kuswah BS, Samanthula G, Bulbake U, Gour J, Khan W. Validated stability indicating assay method of olaparib: LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS and NMR studies for characterization of its new hydrolytic and oxidative forced degradation products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:89-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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54
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Carlos G, Magalhães A, Isler AC, Comiran E, Fröehlich PE. Assessment of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate stability and identification of its degradation product by NMR spectroscopy. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:139-146. [PMID: 30231652 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1526185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (LDX), a long-acting prodrug stimulant indicated for the treatment of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), was subjected to forced degradation studies by acid and alkaline hydrolysis and the degradation profile was studied. To obtain between 10-30% of degraded product, acid and alkaline conditions were assessed with solutions of 0.01 M, 0.1 M, 0.5 M, and 1 M of DCl and NaOD. These solutions were analyzed through 1 H NMR spectra. Acid hydrolysis produced no degradation in 0.01 M and 0.1 M DCl and 4.38%, 9.69%, and 17.75% of degradation LDX, respectively, in 0.5 M, 1 M (4h) and 1 M (4 + 12 h) DCl. And alkaline hydrolysis produced no degradation in 0.01 M and 0.1 M DCl and a degradation LDX extension of 8.5%, 14.30%, and 22.91%, respectively, in 0.5 M, 1 M (4h) and 1 M (4 + 12 h) NaOD. LDX solutions subjected to 1 M (4 + 12 h) acid and alkaline hydrolysis were evaluated by NMR spectra (1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, HSQC and HMBC). LDX degradation product (DP) was identified and its structure elucidated as a diastereoisomer of LDX: (2R)-2,6-diamino-N-[(2S)-1-phenylpropan-2-yl] hexanamide without their physical separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Carlos
- a Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Alvicler Magalhães
- b Instituto de Química , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Isler
- b Instituto de Química , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Eloisa Comiran
- a Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
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55
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Zhang K, Kurita KL, Venkatramani C, Russell D. Seeking universal detectors for analytical characterizations. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 162:192-204. [PMID: 30265979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
It is highly desirable to have a universal detector that can detect all types of compounds and give a uniform response regardless of the physiochemical properties of the compounds. With such a universal detector, all components in a sample can be accurately quantified without the need for individual standards. This is especially needed for the characterization of unknowns and for non-targeted analysis, or for samples that have no isolated standards available for each component. Over the years, much effort has been put into seeking a universal detection technology. In this review, we discuss the commonly used detectors for analytical characterization, including UV, RI, ELSD, CAD, CLND, FID, VUV, MS, NMR, and hyphenated detection, with the focuses on the "universal" features of these detectors regarding the types of molecules they can detect and the uniformity of responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Zhang
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States.
| | - Kenji L Kurita
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
| | | | - David Russell
- Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, United States
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56
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Kushwah BS, Gupta J, Singh DK, Kurmi M, Sahu A, Singh S. Characterization of solution stress degradation products of aliskiren and prediction of their physicochemical and ADMET properties. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 121:139-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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57
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Wang XB, Zheng J, Li JJ, Yu HY, Li QY, Xu LH, Liu MJ, Xian RQ, Sun YE, Liu BJ. Simultaneous analysis of 23 illegal adulterated aphrodisiac chemical ingredients in health foods and Chinese traditional patent medicines by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1138-1153. [PMID: 29976406 PMCID: PMC9303026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an application of ultra high-performance liquid-chromatography-quadrupole-TOF high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF HRMS) for simultaneous analysis of 23 illegal adulterated aphrodisiac type chemical ingredients in health foods and Chinese Traditional Patent Medicines (CTPMs). The mass spectrometer was operated in Information Dependent Acquisition (IDA) mode, which provides crucial information for the elemental composition analysis, structure elucidation and quantitative analysis simultaneously. Quantitative analysis was performed using the peak areas of the precursor ions in the XICs. The method validation included assessment of selectivity, sensitivity, calibration curve, accuracy, precision, recovery, matrix effect and stability. The results show good linear relationship with the concentrations of the analytes over wide concentration ranges (e.g., 0.05–10 μg/g for sildenafil) as all the fitting coefficients of determination r2 are >0.9984. The detection limits (LODs) were in the range of 0.002–0.1 μg/g. The recoveries were able to reach 82.5–103.6%, while the matrix effects ranged from 87.7 to 109.3%. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were in the range of 82.3–113.8%, while the intra- and inter-day precision ranged from 0.4 to 13.6%. Among 40 batches of health foods and 32 batches of CTPMs (including 28 capsules, 32 tablets, 10 liquid and 2 pills) samples, 28 batches of heath foods were positive. The detected chemical ingredients involved sildenafil, tadalafil, aildenafil and sulfoaildenafil. This method can be used for the screening, identification and quantification of illegal adulterated aphrodisiac chemical ingredients in health foods and CTPMs. Moreover, the LC-Q-TOF MS is very useful to structural elucidation of unknown compound.
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58
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Sengupta P, Chatterjee B, Tekade RK. Current regulatory requirements and practical approaches for stability analysis of pharmaceutical products: A comprehensive review. Int J Pharm 2018; 543:328-344. [PMID: 29635054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Different regulatory guidelines recommend establishing stability profile of pharmaceuticals at the time of drug development. The expiry date, retesting period and storage conditions of active drugs or products are established through stability analysis. Several regulatory guidelines exist for stability testing of pharmaceuticals. Mostly, ICH stability guidelines are followed in practice. This guideline recommends to validate stability indicating method using forced degradation samples that contains all possible degradation impurities. ICH guidelines provide general recommendations for inclusion of stability indicating parameters in a stability testing protocol. However, those guidelines do not provide specific requirements and experimental methodology to be followed for stability studies. Due to this gap, often confusion arises in the scientific community in designing stability testing protocol. Therefore, significant variations are observed in reported literature in selection of stability indicating parameters. Procedural dissimilarity amongst reported stability studies is also evident. This review discusses the regulatory guidelines and procedures to follow in performing stability testing of pharmaceuticals. Scope of this review also includes recommendations on practical approaches for designing stability testing protocol to fulfill current regulatory requirements for drug substances and their formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Sengupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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59
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Critical review of reports on impurity and degradation product profiling in the last decade. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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60
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Critical review on establishment and availability of impurity and degradation product reference standards, challenges faced by the users, recent developments, and trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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61
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Thummar M, Swain D, Gananadhamu S. Separation and Characterization of New Forced Degradation Products of Macitentan: A Dual Endothelin Receptor Antagonist. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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62
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Chavan BB, Vijaya jyothi P, Kalariya PD, Srinivas R, Talluri MVNK. Alcaftadine: Selective Separation and Characterization of Degradation Products by LC–QTOF-MS/MS. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3489-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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63
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Ch KR, J. V. SK, Goud Palusa SK. Isolation and characterization of novel degradation products in cilnidipine by LC-QTOF-MS/MS, LCMSn, 2D-NMR and FTIR. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02781h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive stress studies performed for cilnidipine established 3D structures for novel degradants CD1 and CD2, which may be useful for drug discovery activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnam Raju Ch
- Department of Chemistry
- K L University
- Guntur
- India
- Analytical Research and Development
| | | | - Sanath Kumar Goud Palusa
- Analytical Research and Development
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention – India (P) Ltd
- Hyderabad
- India
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64
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Baira SM, Gunupudi P, Abbaraju V, R. S, Talluri MVNK. Study of forced degradation behaviour of cobicistat and atazanavir using LC/ESI/QTOF/MS; a combination of in-sourced and collision-induced dissociation for evaluation of the fragmentation patterns of degradation products. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03418d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study describes the LC/MS/MS characterization of degradation products of cobicistat and atazanavir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shandilya Mahamuni Baira
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Padmini Gunupudi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Vigjna Abbaraju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - Srinivas R.
- Analytical Department
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - M. V. N. Kumar Talluri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research
- Hyderabad
- India
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65
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Salunkhe MN, Gite SD, Kachave RN. Recent trends in impurity profiling and forced degradation of antihypertensive drugs. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1373670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Megha N. Salunkhe
- Department of Quality Assurance Technique, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Snehal D. Gite
- Department of Quality Assurance Technique, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ramanlal N. Kachave
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India
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66
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Kurmi M, Patel N, Jhajra S, Bharatam PV, Singh S. Characterization of forced degradation products of torasemide through MS tools and explanation of unusual losses observed during mass fragmentation of drug and degradation products through density functional theory. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 145:209-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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67
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Patel MN, Kothari CS. Review on Implementation of Multivariate Approach for Forced Degradation Study and Impurity Profiling with Regulatory Considerations. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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68
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Peng M, Li S, Wu J, Guo Y, Cao S, Zhao Y. Fragmentation studies of sartans by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2017; 52:591-596. [PMID: 28677141 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sartans and related analogues with 5-oxo-l, 2, 4-oxadiazole ring and tetrazole ring are investigated in detail using collision-induced dissociation (CID) method in positive ion mode by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn ). It is found that the protonated sartans and related analogues tend to form the N-substituted-3-substituted phenanthridin-6-amine ion which has a large conjugative structure. The possible fragmentation pathways were proposed for the first time, and the key structure of product ions was confirmed by high resolution tandem mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation. It is very helpful for understanding the intriguing roles of sartans analogues in fragmentation reactions and enriching the knowledge of the gas-phase chemistry of the oxadiazole and tetrazole ring. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peng
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - S Li
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - J Wu
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, No. 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, China
| | - Y Guo
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - S Cao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Y Zhao
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry of Henan Province, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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69
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Sensitivity enhancement by chromatographic peak concentration with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for minor impurity analysis. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1508:163-168. [PMID: 28619585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography can be coupled with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to give a powerful analytical method known as liquid chromatography-nuclear magnetic resonance (LC-NMR) spectroscopy, which can be used to determine the chemical structures of the components of complex mixtures. However, intrinsic limitations in the sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy have restricted the scope of this procedure, and resolving these limitations remains a critical problem for analysis. In this study, we coupled ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with NMR to give a simple and versatile analytical method with higher sensitivity than conventional LC-NMR. UHPLC separation enabled the concentration of individual peaks to give a volume similar to that of the NMR flow cell, thereby maximizing the sensitivity to the theoretical upper limit. The UHPLC concentration of compound peaks present at typical impurity levels (5.0-13.1 nmol) in a mixture led to at most three-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio compared with LC-NMR. Furthermore, we demonstrated the use of UHPLC-NMR for obtaining structural information of a minor impurity in a reaction mixture in actual laboratory-scale development of a synthetic process. Using UHPLC-NMR, the experimental run times for chromatography and NMR were greatly reduced compared with LC-NMR. UHPLC-NMR successfully overcomes the difficulties associated with analyses of minor components in a complex mixture by LC-NMR, which are problematic even when an ultra-high field magnet and cryogenic probe are used.
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70
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Skibinski R, Trawinski J. Application of an Untargeted Chemometric Strategy in the Impurity Profiling of Pharmaceuticals: An Example of Amisulpride. J Chromatogr Sci 2017; 55:309-315. [PMID: 27903552 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The untargeted chemometric methodology for the impurity profiling of amisulpride pharmaceutical formulations was successfully applied and developed. For this purpose a fast, accurate and specific analytical method was elaborated with the use of ultra high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution hybrid electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometer in a fast polarity switching mode. All the obtained chromatographic profiles were aligned and a multivariate chemometric analysis including principal component analysis and partial least square (PLS) was performed. The developed PLS-DA pattern recognition model allowed the identification of all the analyzed pharmaceutical formulations of amisulpride as well as their manufacturers. Additionally, six impurities of amisulpride were identified by the use of MS/MS fragmentation and one of them was found as the main impurity (Imp-1) and can be regarded as the primary impurity "marker" for the analyzed formulations. Furthermore, one new impurity of amisulpride was found and its chemical structure was proposed (4-amino-5-(ethylsulfinyl)-2-methoxy-N-[(1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl]benzamide).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Skibinski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, Lublin 20-090, Poland
| | - Jakub Trawinski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, Lublin 20-090, Poland
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71
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Handa T, Jhajra S, Bhagat S, Bharatam P, Chakraborti AK, Singh S. Molecular insight into atypical instability behavior of fixed-dose combination containing amlodipine besylate and losartan potassium. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 136:66-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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72
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Identification and characterization of a new dapoxetine impurity by NMR: Transformation of N -oxide by Cope elimination. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 134:187-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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73
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Mohamed MA, Atty SA, Salama NN, Banks CE. Highly Selective Sensing Platform Utilizing Graphene Oxide and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for the Sensitive Determination of Tramadol in the Presence of Co-Formulated Drugs. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Atty
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Nahla N. Salama
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department; National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR); Giza Egypt
| | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering; Manchester Metropolitan University; Chester Street Manchester M1 5GD UK
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74
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Jeong JH, Lee JH, Kim HJ, Park HJ, Hwang IS, Han KM, Yoon CY, Cho S, Kim WS. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and their analogues in foods and dietary supplements in Korea. FOOD ADDITIVES & CONTAMINANTS PART B-SURVEILLANCE 2016; 9:1-8. [PMID: 25263347 DOI: 10.1080/19393210.2014.968220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A number of 188 food and dietary supplement samples were collected from 2009 to the first half of 2013 in Korean online and offline stores. A method to identify phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors and their analogues using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was validated. Limit of detection and limit of quantitation of liquid-type and solid-type negative samples ranged from 0.05 to 3.33 ng/mL or ng/g and from 0.15 to 10.00 ng/mL or ng/g, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 83% to 112%. Nineteen PDE-5 inhibitors and their analogues were detected, with tadalafil group compounds being the most frequently observed (53.0%), followed by the sildenafil group (42.5%). Tadalafil concentrations ranged from 0.08 to 138.69 mg/g. Compounds were most frequently detected in capsules (in 40 of 80 adulterated samples). To protect public health and food safety, appropriate monitoring of PDE-5 inhibitors and their analogues in foods and dietary supplements is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Jeong
- a Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong Health Technology Administration Complex , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- a Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong Health Technology Administration Complex , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Hyung Joo Kim
- a Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong Health Technology Administration Complex , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Hyoung Joon Park
- a Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong Health Technology Administration Complex , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - In Sun Hwang
- a Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong Health Technology Administration Complex , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Kyoung Moon Han
- a Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong Health Technology Administration Complex , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Chang-Yong Yoon
- a Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong Health Technology Administration Complex , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Sooyeul Cho
- a Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong Health Technology Administration Complex , Cheongju-si , Korea
| | - Woo Seong Kim
- a Advanced Analysis Team, Toxicological Evaluation and Research Department, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Ministry of Food and Drug Safety , Osong Health Technology Administration Complex , Cheongju-si , Korea
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75
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Development and Validation of Miglitol and Its Impurities by RP-HPLC and Characterization Using Mass Spectrometry Techniques. Sci Pharm 2016; 84:654-670. [PMID: 27754407 PMCID: PMC5198025 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm84040654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha glucoside inhibitors used to treat type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are likely to be safe and effective. These agents are most effective for postprandial hyperglycemia. Miglitol is a type of drug used to treat type-2 DM. A simple, selective, linear, precise and accurate reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for a related substance of miglitol and its identification, and characterization was done by different mass spectrometry techniques. The gradient method at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min was employed on a prevail carbohydrate ES column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size) at a temperature of 35 °C. Mobile phase A consisted of 10 mM dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate adjusted to pH 8.0 using concentrated phosphoric acid and mobile phase B consisted of acetonitrile. The ultraviolet detection wavelength was 210 nm and 20 μL of the sample were injected. The retention time for miglitol was about 24.0 min. Forced degradation of the miglitol sample was conducted in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Acidic, basic, neutral, and oxidative hydrolysis, thermal stress, and photolytic degradation were used to assess the stability-indicating the power of the method. Substantial degradation was observed during oxidative hydrolysis. No degradation was observed under the other stress conditions. The method was optimized using samples generated by forced degradation and sample solutions spiked with impurities and epimers. Good resolution of the analyte peak from peaks, corresponding to process-related impurities, epimers and degradation products, was achieved and the method was validated as per the ICH guidelines. The method can successfully be applied for routine analysis of miglitol.
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76
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Chiguru V, Lingesh A, R. S, N. S. Forced degradation study of racecadotril: Effect of co-solvent, characterization of degradation products by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS, NMR and cytotoxicity assay. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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77
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Golla VM, Kurmi M, Shaik K, Singh S. Stability behaviour of antiretroviral drugs and their combinations. 4: Characterization of degradation products of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate and comparison of its degradation and stability behaviour with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 131:146-155. [PMID: 27589032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, stress degradation behaviour of tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), a novel prodrug of tenofovir, was investigated and compared with currently used prodrug congener, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), whose intrinsic stability was reported by us earlier [14]. Also, pH stability and gastrointestinal stability studies were conducted on both the drugs. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of stressed samples of TAF revealed formation of six degradation products (DPs) against twelve characterized earlier in the case of TDF (RSC Adv. 5(2015) 96117-96129). Like TDF, characterization of DPs of TAF was done by using sophisticated hyphenated liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and multistage mass spectrometry (MSn) tools. pH-stability studies between pH 1.2-10 revealed greater stability of TAF, except in acidic conditions, where TAF was degraded extensively. Investigation of gastrointestinal stability in simulated gastric fluid (SGF), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) and fed state simulated gastric fluid (FeSSGF) suggested that TAF must be administered in fed state, as the drug was practically stable in FeSSGF as compared to extensive loss at acidic pH and in SGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Madhyanapu Golla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67(,) S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Moolchand Kurmi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67(,) S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Karimullah Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67(,) S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India
| | - Saranjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67(,) S.A.S. Nagar 160 062, Punjab, India.
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78
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Vishnuvardhan C, Swain D, Borkar R, Gananadhamu S, Srinivas R, Satheeshkumar N. Study of Forced Degradation Behaviour of Brinzolamide Using LC–ESI–Q-TOF and In Silico Toxicity Prediction. Chromatographia 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-016-3149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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79
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De Vos J, Desmet G, Eeltink S. Enhancing detection sensitivity in gradient liquid chromatography via post-column refocusing and strong-solvent remobilization. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1455:86-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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80
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Kurmi M, Kushwah BS, Sahu A, Narayanam M, Singh S. Stability behaviour of antiretroviral drugs and their combinations. 2: Characterization of interaction products of lamivudine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate by mass and NMR spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:245-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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81
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Tambe VS, Deodhar M, Prakya V. LC and LC–MS study for simultaneous determination of tramadol hydrochloride and ketorolac tromethamine in bulk and formulation with their major degradation products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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82
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Selective separation and characterisation of stress degradation products and process impurities of prucalopride succinate by LC-QTOF-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:219-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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83
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Pikul P, Jamrógiewicz M, Nowakowska J, Hewelt-Belka W, Ciura K. Forced Degradation Studies of Ivabradine and In Silico Toxicology Predictions for Its New Designated Impurities. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:117. [PMID: 27199759 PMCID: PMC4855699 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
All activities should aim to eliminate genotoxic impurities and/or protect the API against degradation. There is a necessity to monitor impurities from all classification groups, hence ivabradine forced degradation studies were performed. Ivabradine was proved to be quite durable active substance, but still new and with insufficient stability data. Increased temperature, acid, base, oxidation reagents and light were found to cause its degradation. Degradation products were determined with the usage of HPLC equipped with Q-TOF-MS detector. Calculations of pharmacological and toxicological properties were performed for six identified degradation products. Target prediction algorithm was applied on the basis of Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels, as well as more general parameters like logP and aqueous solubility. Ames test and five cytochromes activities were calculated for toxicity assessment for selected degradation products. Pharmacological activity of photodegradation product (UV4), which is known as active metabolite, was qualified and identified. Two other degradation compounds (Ox1 and N1), which were formed during degradation process, were found to be pharmacologically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pikul
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of GdańskGdańsk, Poland
| | - Marzena Jamrógiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of GdańskGdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowakowska
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of GdańskGdańsk, Poland
| | - Weronika Hewelt-Belka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Faculty, Gdańsk University of TechnologyGdañsk, Poland
- Mass Spectrometry and Chromatography Laboratory, Pomeranian Science and Technology ParkGdynia, Poland
| | - Krzesimir Ciura
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Subfaculty of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of GdańskGdańsk, Poland
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84
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Analytical advances in pharmaceutical impurity profiling. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 87:118-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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85
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Segalin J, Sirtori C, Jank L, Lima MFS, Livotto PR, Machado TC, Lansarin MA, Pizzolato TM. Identification of transformation products of rosuvastatin in water during ZnO photocatalytic degradation through the use of associated LC-QTOF-MS to computational chemistry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 299:78-85. [PMID: 26093357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rosuvastatin (RST), a synthetic statin, is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, with a number of pleiotropic properties, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation and cardiac remodelling attenuation. According to IMS Health, rosuvastatin was the third best-selling drug in the United States in 2012. RST was recently found in European effluent samples at a detection frequency of 36%. In this study, we evaluate the identification process of major transformation products (TPs) of RST generated during the heterogeneous photocatalysis process with ZnO. The degradation of the parent molecule and the identification of the main TPs were studied in demineralised water. The TPs were monitored and identified by liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS/MS). Ten TPs were tentatively identified and some of them originated from the hydroxylation suffered by the aromatic ring during the initial stages of the process. Structural elucidation of some of the most abundant or persistent TPs was evaluated by computational analysis, which demonstrated that this approach can be used as a tool to help the elucidation of structures of unknown molecules. The analysis of the parameters obtained from ab initio calculations for different isomers showed the most stable structures and, consequently, the most likely to be found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Sirtori
- Instituto de Química, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Louíse Jank
- Instituto de Química, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiele C Machado
- PPGEQ-UFRGS, Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert, s/nº - Prédio 12204, 90040-040 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marla A Lansarin
- PPGEQ-UFRGS, Rua Engenheiro Luiz Englert, s/nº - Prédio 12204, 90040-040 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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86
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Swain D, Patel PN, Nagaraj G, Srinivas KS, Sharma M, Garg P, Samanthula G. Liquid Chromatographic Method Development for Forced Degradation Products of Dabigatran Etexilate: Characterisation and In Silico Toxicity Evaluation. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-3009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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87
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Patel PN, Kalariya PD, Gananadhamu S, Srinivas R. Forced degradation of fingolimod: Effect of co-solvent and characterization of degradation products by UHPLC-Q-TOF–MS/MS and 1H NMR. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:388-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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88
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Jiang Y, Xia JP, Yang JH, Zhang ZF, Hu CQ, Zhang ZR. Guidelines and strategy of the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) and its member states to overcome existing impurity control problems for antibiotics in China. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:498-506. [PMID: 26233840 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30044-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, we review the technical guidelines and principles on impurity research and control for antibiotics established by various agencies, including the International Conference of Harmonization (ICH), the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). Progresses with the US Pharmacopoeia (USP), the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP) to control impurities in antibiotics are also presented. Next, our discussion is focused on analyzing the CFDA's requirements on impurity research and control for antibiotics, and the implementation of ICH, FDA and other technical guidelines for generic drugs impurity control in China. Existing problems are further reviewed, in order to improve the overall process for the control of antibiotic purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jun-Ping Xia
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian-Hong Yang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zhe-Feng Zhang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Chang-Qin Hu
- China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery System, Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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89
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Lemasson E, Bertin S, Hennig P, Boiteux H, Lesellier E, West C. Development of an achiral supercritical fluid chromatography method with ultraviolet absorbance and mass spectrometric detection for impurity profiling of drug candidates. Part I: Optimization of mobile phase composition. J Chromatogr A 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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90
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Singh DK, Sahu A, Handa T, Narayanam M, Singh S. Study of the forced degradation behavior of prasugrel hydrochloride by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography with NMR detection and prediction of the toxicity of the characterized degradation products. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:2995-3005. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Archana Sahu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Sector 67 S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
| | - Tarun Handa
- Biocon-BMS R&D Centre (BBRC); Biocon Park Bangalore India
| | | | - Saranjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER); Sector 67 S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
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91
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Kaushik D, Saini B, Bansal G. Identification of four new degradation products of epirubicin through forced degradation, LC-UV, MSn and LC-MS-TOF studies. J Chromatogr Sci 2015; 53:1737-48. [PMID: 26162378 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmv083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Epirubicin (EPI) was subjected to International Conference on Harmonization recommended forced degradation under the conditions of hydrolysis, oxidation, dry heat and photolysis to characterize its possible impurities and/or degradation products. The drug was found highly unstable to alkaline hydrolysis even at room temperature, unstable to acid hydrolysis at 80°C and to oxidation at room temperature. The hydrolytic and oxidative degradation products were resolved on an Agilent RP8 (150 mm × 4.6 mm; 5 µm) column with isocratic elution using mobile phase composed of ammonium formate (10 mM, pH 3.0), acetonitrile and methanol. The drug degraded to four oxidative products (O-I, O-II, O-III and O-IV) and to one acid hydrolyzed product (A-I). Purity of each peak in liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV) chromatogram was ascertained through photodiode array (LC-PDA) analysis. The products were characterized through electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (+ESI-MS(n)) studies on EPI and liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-MS-TOF) studies on degraded drug solutions. The products, O-I-O-IV, were characterized as 2-hydroxy-8-desacetylepirubicin-8-hydroperoxide, 4-hydroxy-8-desacetylepirubicin-8-hydroperoxide, 8-desacetylepirubicin-8-hydroperoxide and 8-desacetylepirubicin, respectively, and product A-I was characterized as deglucosaminylepirubicin. While A-I was found to be a pharmacopoeial impurity, all oxidative products were found to be new degradation impurities. The mechanisms and pathways of degradation of EPI were discussed and outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Balraj Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala - 147002, India
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92
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Narayanam M, Sahu A, Singh S. Use of LC–MS/TOF, LC–MSn, NMR and LC–NMR in characterization of stress degradation products: Application to cilazapril. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 111:190-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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93
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Roussis SG. A Novel and Intuitive Method of Displaying and Interacting with Mass Difference Information: Application to Oligonucleotide Drug Impurities. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1150-1164. [PMID: 25836378 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new method is presented for determining relationships between components in complex analytical systems. The method uses the mass differences between peaks in high resolution electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra. It relates peaks that share common mass differences. The method is based on the fundamental assumption that peaks in the spectra having the same exact mass difference are related by the same chemical moiety/substructure. Moreover, the presence (or absence/loss) of the same chemical moiety from a series of molecules may reflect similarities in the mechanisms of formation of each molecule. The determined mass differences in the spectra are used to automatically differentiate the types of components in the samples. Contour plots and summary plots of the summed total ion signal as a function of the mass difference are generated, which form powerful tools for the rapid and automated determination of the components in the samples and for comparisons with other samples. For the first time, in this work a unique profile contour plot has been developed that permits the interactive interrogation of the mass range by mass difference data matrix to obtain valuable information about components that share a common mechanism of formation, and all possible mechanisms of formation linked to a selected precursor molecule. The method can be used as an additional and complementary method to the existing analytical methods to determine relationships between components in complex chemical systems.
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94
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Mass Spectral Profile for Rapid Differentiating Beta-Lactams from Their Ring-Opened Impurities. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:697958. [PMID: 26090434 PMCID: PMC4450268 DOI: 10.1155/2015/697958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC MS) has been widely used for β-lactam antibiotics determination. However, its application to identify impurities of these frequently used drugs is not sufficient at present. In this job, characteristic profiles of the collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra of both β-lactams and ring-opened β-lactams were extracted from the MS data of six β-lactam antibiotics and their forty-five impurities, and were confirmed by the MS data reported in the literature. These characteristics have been successfully applied to rapid differentiation of β-lactam and ring-opened β-lactam impurities in cefixime, cefdinir, and cefaclor. However, these characteristic profiles can only be obtained under low activating voltage. They did not display in the high energy activated CID spectra. Diagnostic fragmentations for determining the localization of double bond and substituents on the thiazine ring and the side chain were also observed. In addition, several characteristic fragmentations are hopeful to be used to differentiate the configurations of C-2 on the thiazine ring of ring-opened impurities, which is generally disadvantageous of mass spectrometry. Taken together, forty-five impurities were identified from the capsules of cefixime, cefdinir, and cefaclor.
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95
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96
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Kaushik D, Bansal G. Four new degradation products of doxorubicin: An application of forced degradation study and hyphenated chromatographic techniques. J Pharm Anal 2015; 5:285-295. [PMID: 29403942 PMCID: PMC5762242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forced degradation study on doxorubicin (DOX) was carried out under hydrolytic condition in acidic, alkaline and neutral media at varied temperatures, as well as under peroxide, thermal and photolytic conditions in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q1(R2). It was found extremely unstable to alkaline hydrolysis even at room temperature, unstable to acid hydrolysis at 80 °C, and to oxidation at room temperature. It degraded to four products (O-I-O-IV) in oxidative condition, and to single product (A-I) in acid hydrolytic condition. These products were resolved on a C8 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with isocratic elution using mobile phase consisting of HCOONH4 (10 mM, pH 2.5), acetonitrile and methanol (65:15:20, v/v/v). Liquid chromatography-photodiode array (LC-PDA) technique was used to ascertain the purity of the products noted in LC-UV chromatogram. For their characterization, a six stage mass fragmentation (MS6) pattern of DOX was outlined through mass spectral studies in positive mode of electrospray ionization (+ESI) as well as through accurate mass spectral data of DOX and the products generated through liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-MS-TOF) on degraded drug solutions. Based on it, O-I-O-IV were characterized as 3-hydroxy-9-desacetyldoxorubicin-9-hydroperoxide, 1-hydroxy-9-desacetyldoxorubicin-9-hydroperoxide, 9-desacetyldoxorubicin-9-hydroperoxide and 9-desacetyldoxorubicin, respectively, whereas A-I was characterized as deglucosaminyl doxorubicin. While A-I was found to be a pharmacopoeial impurity, all oxidative products were found to be new degradation impurities. The mechanisms and pathways of degradation of doxorubicin were outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
| | - Gulshan Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala 147002, India
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97
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Patel PN, Borkar RM, Kalariya PD, Gangwal RP, Sangamwar AT, Samanthula G, Ragampeta S. Characterization of degradation products of ivabradine by LC-HR-MS/MS: a typical case of exhibition of different degradation behaviour in HCl and H2SO4 acid hydrolysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:344-353. [PMID: 25800016 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A validated stability-indicating HPLC method was established, and comprehensive stress testing of ivabradine, a cardiotonic drug, was carried out as per ICH guidelines. Ivabradine was subjected to acidic, basic and neutral hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and thermal stress conditions, and the resulting degradation products were investigated by LC-PDA and LC-HR-MS/MS. The drug was found to degrade in acid and base hydrolysis. An efficient and selective stability assay method was developed on Phenomenex Luna C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm) column using ammonium formate (10 mM, pH 3.0) and acetonitrile as mobile phase at 30 °C in gradient elution mode. The flow rate was 0.7 ml/min and detection wavelength was 286 nm. A total of five degradation products (I-1 to I-5) were identified and characterized by LC-HR-MS/MS in combination with accurate mass measurements. The drug exhibited different degradation behaviour in HCl and H2SO4 hydrolysis conditions. It is a unique example where two of the five degradation products in HCl hydrolysis were absent in H2SO4 acid hydrolysis. The present study provides guidance to revise the stress test for the determination of inherent stability of drugs containing lactam moiety under hydrolytic conditions. Most probable mechanisms for the formation of degradation products have been proposed on the basis of a comparison of the fragmentation pattern of the drug and its degradation products. In silico toxicity revealed that the degradation products (I-2 to I-5) were found to be severe irritants in case of ocular irritancy. The analytical assay method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, range, precision, accuracy and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinesh N Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
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98
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Kumar Talluri M, Dharavath S, Kalariya PD, Prasanth B, Srinivas R. Structural characterization of alkaline and oxidative stressed degradation products of lurasidone using LC/ESI/QTOF/MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 105:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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99
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Erny GL, Moeenfard M, Alves A. Liquid chromatography with diode array detection combined with spectral deconvolution for the analysis of some diterpene esters in Arabica coffee brew. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:612-20. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume L. Erny
- LEPABE; Faculdade de Engenharia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Marzieh Moeenfard
- LEPABE; Faculdade de Engenharia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Arminda Alves
- LEPABE; Faculdade de Engenharia; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
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100
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Structural characterization of a degradation product of rocuronium using nanoelectrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2015; 7:773-9. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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