51
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Miao H, Wu XQ, Wang YN, Chen DQ, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Zhuang S, Guo Y, Su W, Ma SX, Zhang HQ, Shang YQ, Yu XY, Zhao YL, Mao JR, Gao M, Zhang JH, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhao YY, Cao G. 1-Hydroxypyrene mediates renal fibrosis through aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:103-124. [PMID: 34625952 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In chronic kidney disease (CKD), patients inevitably reach end-stage renal disease and require renal transplant. Evidence suggests that CKD is associated with metabolite disorders. However, the molecular pathways targeted by metabolites remain enigmatic. Here, we describe roles of 1-hydroxypyrene in mediating renal fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We analysed 5406 urine and serum samples from patients with Stage 1-5 CKD using metabolomics, and 1-hydroxypyrene was identified and validated using longitudinal and drug intervention cohorts as well as 5/6 nephrectomised and adenine-induced rats. KEY RESULTS We identified correlations between the urine and serum levels of 1-hydroxypyrene and the estimated GFR in patients with CKD onset and progression. Moreover, increased 1-hydroxypyrene levels in serum and kidney tissues correlated with decreased renal function in two rat models. Up-regulated mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its target genes, including CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, were observed in patients and rats with progressive CKD. Further we showed up-regulated mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its three target genes, plus up-regulated nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor protein levels in mice and HK-2 cells treated with 1-hydroxypyrene, which caused accumulation of extracellular matrix components. Treatment with aryl hydrocarbon receptor short hairpin RNA or flavonoids inhibited mRNA expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and its target genes in 1-hydroxypyrene-induced HK-2 cells and mice. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Metabolite 1-hydroxypyrene was demonstrated to mediate renal fibrosis through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling pathway. Targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor may be an alternative therapeutic strategy for CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Shi-Xing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Huan-Qiao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - You-Quan Shang
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Long Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia-Rong Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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52
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Larigot L, Benoit L, Koual M, Tomkiewicz C, Barouki R, Coumoul X. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Its Diverse Ligands and Functions: An Exposome Receptor. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 62:383-404. [PMID: 34499523 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052220-115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a transcriptional factor that regulates multiple functions following its activation by a variety of ligands, including xenobiotics, natural products, microbiome metabolites, and endogenous molecules. Because of this diversity, the AhR constitutes an exposome receptor. One of its main functions is to regulate several lines of defense against chemical insults and bacterial infections. Indeed, in addition to its well-established detoxication function, it has several functions at physiological barriers, and it plays a critical role in immunomodulation. The AhR is also involved in the development of several organs and their homeostatic maintenance. Its activity depends on the type of ligand and on the time frame of the receptor activation, which can be either sustained or transient, leading in some cases to opposite modes of regulations as illustrated in the regulation of different cancer pathways. The development of selective modulators and their pharmacological characterization are important areas of research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Larigot
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Louise Benoit
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; .,Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Meriem Koual
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; .,Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Céline Tomkiewicz
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Robert Barouki
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; .,Service de Chirurgie Cancérologique Gynécologique et du Sein, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- INSERM UMR-S1124, T3S, Toxicologie Environnementale, Cibles thérapeutiques, Signalisation cellulaire et Biomarqueurs, and Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France;
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53
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Mo Y, Jie X, Wang L, Ji C, Gu Y, Lu Z, Liu X. Bupi Yishen formula attenuates kidney injury in 5/6 nephrectomized rats via the tryptophan-kynurenic acid-aryl hydrocarbon receptor pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:207. [PMID: 34376166 PMCID: PMC8353787 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bupi Yishen Formula (BYF), a patent traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulation, has been used in the clinical treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the mechanism of action of BYF has not been fully elucidated. METHOD To investigate the variation in the metabolic profile in response to BYF treatment in a rat model of 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx), rats in the treatment groups received low- or high-dose BYF. At the end of the study, serum and kidney samples were collected for biochemical, pathological, and western blotting analysis. Metabolic changes in serum were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The results showed that BYF treatment could reduce kidney injury, inhibit inflammation and improve renal function in a dose-dependent manner. In total, 405 and 195 metabolites were identified in negative and positive ion modes, respectively. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database identified 35 metabolic pathways, 3 of which were related to tryptophan metabolism. High-dose BYF reduced the level of kynurenic acid (KA) by more than 50%, while increasing melatonin 25-fold and indole-3-acetic acid twofold. Expression levels of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), Cyp1A1, and CyP1B1 were significantly reduced in the kidney tissue of rats with high-dose BYF, compared to 5/6 Nx rats. CONCLUSION BYF has a reno-protective effect against 5/6 Nx-induced CKD, which may be mediated via inhibition of the tryptophan-KA-AhR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Mo
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Xina Jie
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Chunlan Ji
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Yueyu Gu
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China. .,Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China.
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Nephrology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 520120, China.
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54
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Ravid JD, Kamel MH, Chitalia VC. Uraemic solutes as therapeutic targets in CKD-associated cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:402-416. [PMID: 33758363 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the retention of a myriad of solutes termed uraemic (or uremic) toxins, which inflict damage to several organs, including the cardiovascular system. Uraemic toxins can induce hallmarks of cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as atherothrombosis, heart failure, dysrhythmias, vessel calcification and dysregulated angiogenesis. CVD is an important driver of mortality in patients with CKD; however, reliance on conventional approaches to managing CVD risk is insufficient in these patients, underscoring a need to target risk factors that are specific to CKD. Mounting evidence suggests that targeting uraemic toxins and/or pathways induced by uraemic toxins, including tryptophan metabolites and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), can lower the risk of CVD in patients with CKD. Although tangible therapies resulting from our growing knowledge of uraemic toxicity are yet to materialize, a number of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have the potential to abrogate the effects of uraemic toxins, for example, by decreasing the production of uraemic toxins, by modifying metabolic pathways induced by uraemic toxins such as those controlled by aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling and by augmenting the clearance of uraemic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Ravid
- School of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mohamed Hassan Kamel
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA. .,Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA. .,Global Co-creation Lab, Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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55
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McEvoy CM, Clotet-Freixas S, Tokar T, Pastrello C, Reid S, Batruch I, RaoPeters AAE, Kaths JM, Urbanellis P, Farkona S, Van JAD, Urquhart BL, John R, Jurisica I, Robinson LA, Selzner M, Konvalinka A. Normothermic Ex-vivo Kidney Perfusion in a Porcine Auto-Transplantation Model Preserves the Expression of Key Mitochondrial Proteins: An Unbiased Proteomics Analysis. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100101. [PMID: 34033948 PMCID: PMC8253910 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Normothermic ex-vivo kidney perfusion (NEVKP) results in significantly improved graft function in porcine auto-transplant models of donation after circulatory death injury compared with static cold storage (SCS); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects remain unclear. We performed an unbiased proteomics analysis of 28 kidney biopsies obtained at three time points from pig kidneys subjected to 30 min of warm ischemia, followed by 8 h of NEVKP or SCS, and auto-transplantation. 70/6593 proteins quantified were differentially expressed between NEVKP and SCS groups (false discovery rate < 0.05). Proteins increased in NEVKP mediated key metabolic processes including fatty acid ß-oxidation, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Comparison of our findings with external datasets of ischemia-reperfusion and other models of kidney injury confirmed that 47 of our proteins represent a common signature of kidney injury reversed or attenuated by NEVKP. We validated key metabolic proteins (electron transfer flavoprotein subunit beta and carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2, mitochondrial) by immunoblotting. Transcription factor databases identified members of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) family of transcription factors as the upstream regulators of our dataset, and we confirmed increased expression of PPARA, PPARD, and RXRA in NEVKP with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The proteome-level changes observed in NEVKP mediate critical metabolic pathways. These effects may be coordinated by PPAR-family transcription factors and may represent novel therapeutic targets in ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitriona M McEvoy
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Sergi Clotet-Freixas
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tomas Tokar
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chiara Pastrello
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shelby Reid
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ihor Batruch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrien A E RaoPeters
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Moritz Kaths
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of General, Visceral, and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, University Essen-Duisburg, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Urbanellis
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sofia Farkona
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie A D Van
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley L Urquhart
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rohan John
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lisa A Robinson
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Markus Selzner
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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56
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Falconi CA, Junho CVDC, Fogaça-Ruiz F, Vernier ICS, da Cunha RS, Stinghen AEM, Carneiro-Ramos MS. Uremic Toxins: An Alarming Danger Concerning the Cardiovascular System. Front Physiol 2021; 12:686249. [PMID: 34054588 PMCID: PMC8160254 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.686249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys and heart share functions with the common goal of maintaining homeostasis. When kidney injury occurs, many compounds, the so-called "uremic retention solutes" or "uremic toxins," accumulate in the circulation targeting other tissues. The accumulation of uremic toxins such as p-cresyl sulfate, indoxyl sulfate and inorganic phosphate leads to a loss of a substantial number of body functions. Although the concept of uremic toxins is dated to the 1960s, the molecular mechanisms capable of leading to renal and cardiovascular injuries are not yet known. Besides, the greatest toxic effects appear to be induced by compounds that are difficult to remove by dialysis. Considering the close relationship between renal and cardiovascular functions, an understanding of the mechanisms involved in the production, clearance and overall impact of uremic toxins is extremely relevant for the understanding of pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Thus, the present study has as main focus to present an extensive review on the impact of uremic toxins in the cardiovascular system, bringing the state of the art on the subject as well as clinical implications related to patient's therapy affected by chronic kidney disease, which represents high mortality of patients with cardiac comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alexandre Falconi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Carolina Victoria da Cruz Junho
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Fogaça-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Imara Caridad Stable Vernier
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Regiane Stafim da Cunha
- Experimental Nephrology Laboratory, Basic Pathology Department, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Marcela Sorelli Carneiro-Ramos
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Immunology, Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Federal University of ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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57
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Yabuuchi N, Hou H, Gunda N, Narita Y, Jono H, Saito H. Suppressed Hepatic Production of Indoxyl Sulfate Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Sulfotransferase 1a1-Deficient Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041764. [PMID: 33578912 PMCID: PMC7916706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous factors involved in the progression of cisplatin nephropathy remain undetermined. Here, we demonstrate the toxico-pathological roles of indoxyl sulfate (IS), a sulfate-conjugated uremic toxin, and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1), an enzyme involved in its synthesis, in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury using Sult1a1-deficient (Sult1a1-/- KO) mice. With cisplatin administration, severe kidney dysfunction, tissue damage, and apoptosis were attenuated in Sult1a1-/- (KO) mice. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) expression was increased by treatment with cisplatin in mouse kidney tissue. Moreover, the downregulation of antioxidant stress enzymes in wild-type (WT) mice was not observed in Sult1a1-/- (KO) mice. To investigate the effect of IS on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, HK-2 cells were treated with cisplatin and IS. The ROS levels were significantly increased compared to cisplatin or IS treatment alone. IS-induced increases in ROS were reversed by downregulation of AhR, xanthine oxidase (XO), and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). These findings suggest that SULT1A1 plays toxico-pathological roles in the progression of cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury, while the IS/AhR/ROS axis brings about oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Yabuuchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (N.Y.); (H.H.); (N.G.); (Y.N.); (H.J.)
| | - Huixian Hou
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (N.Y.); (H.H.); (N.G.); (Y.N.); (H.J.)
| | - Nao Gunda
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (N.Y.); (H.H.); (N.G.); (Y.N.); (H.J.)
| | - Yuki Narita
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (N.Y.); (H.H.); (N.G.); (Y.N.); (H.J.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (N.Y.); (H.H.); (N.G.); (Y.N.); (H.J.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (N.Y.); (H.H.); (N.G.); (Y.N.); (H.J.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-96-373-5820
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58
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Tao S, Guo F, Ren Q, Liu J, Wei T, Li L, Ma L, Fu P. Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor by 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole alleviated acute kidney injury by repressing inflammation and apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1035-1047. [PMID: 33280241 PMCID: PMC7812300 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a multifactorial disease of various aetiologies. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that responds to ligands to induce or repress gene expressions, thereby regulating a diverse spectrum of biological or pathophysiologic effects. However, the effect of AhR on AKI remains unknown. A single intraperitoneal injection of 50% glycerol was performed to induce rhabdomyolysis in C57BL/6J mice. The bilateral renal pedicles were occluded for 30 minutes and then removed to stimulate renal I/R injury. 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), a photo-oxidation product of tryptophan with a high affinity for AhR, was used. The in vitro study was performed on HK-2 cells. Ferrous myoglobin and FICZ was dissolved in the medium in different cell groups. Treatment with AhR agonist FICZ significantly alleviated the elevation of serum creatinine and urea in AKI. AKI modelling-induced renal damage was attenuated by FICZ. AhR mainly expressed in proximal tubular cells and could be activated by FICZ administration. Meanwhile, AKI triggered the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in injured kidneys, while FICZ inhibited their expressions. Furthermore, FICZ effectively reversed cell apoptosis in AKI models. Mechanistically, AKI stimulated the activation of NF-κB and JNK pathways in the kidneys, while FICZ significantly suppressed these corresponding protein expressions. For the in vitro study, FICZ also inhibited inflammation and apoptosis in myoglobin or H/R-stimulated HK-2 cells. In summary, agonism of AhR by FICZ alleviated rhabdomyolysis and I/R-induced AKI. FICZ inhibited inflammation and apoptosis via suppressing NF-κB and JNK pathways in proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibei Tao
- Division of NephrologyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Fan Guo
- Division of NephrologyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qian Ren
- Division of NephrologyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of NephrologyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tiantian Wei
- Division of NephrologyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lingzhi Li
- Division of NephrologyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Liang Ma
- Division of NephrologyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of NephrologyNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsKidney Research InstituteWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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59
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Mo Y, Lu Z, Wang L, Ji C, Zou C, Liu X. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Chronic Kidney Disease: Friend or Foe? Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:589752. [PMID: 33415104 PMCID: PMC7784643 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.589752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that promotes cell responses to small molecules derived from the diet, microorganisms, metabolism and pollutants. The AhR signal regulates many basic cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, adhesion, migration, apoptosis and cell proliferation. Many studies have shown that AhR is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its complications. This article reviews the current knowledge about the role of AhR in CKD, showing that AhR mediates CKD complications, including cardiovascular disease, anemia, bone disorders, cognitive dysfunction and malnutrition, and that it influences drug metabolism in individuals with CKD. AhR enhances the intestinal barrier function to reduce the harmful effects of uremic toxins. Therefore, understanding the complex roles of AhR during CKD is important to be able to target this transcription factor safely and effectively for CKD prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenan Mo
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Ji
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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60
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Miao H, Wu XQ, Zhang DD, Wang YN, Guo Y, Li P, Xiong Q, Zhao YY. Deciphering the cellular mechanisms underlying fibrosis-associated diseases and therapeutic avenues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105316. [PMID: 33248198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix components, which results in disruption of tissue architecture and loss of organ function. Fibrosis leads to high morbidity and mortality worldwide, mainly due to the lack of effective therapeutic strategies against fibrosis. It is generally accepted that fibrosis occurs during an aberrant wound healing process and shares a common pathogenesis across different organs such as the heart, liver, kidney, and lung. A better understanding of the fibrosis-related cellular and molecular mechanisms will be helpful for development of targeted drug therapies. Extensive studies revealed that numerous mediators contributed to fibrogenesis, suggesting that targeting these mediators may be an effective therapeutic strategy for antifibrosis. In this review, we describe a number of mediators involved in tissue fibrosis, including aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Yes-associated protein, cannabinoid receptors, angiopoietin-like protein 2, high mobility group box 1, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor-1, SH2 domain-containing phosphatase-2, and long non-coding RNAs, with the goal that drugs targeting these important mediators might exhibit a beneficial effect on antifibrosis. In addition, these mediators show profibrotic effects on multiple tissues, suggesting that targeting these mediators will exert antifibrotic effects on different organs. Furthermore, we present a variety of compounds that exhibit therapeutic effects against fibrosis. This review suggests therapeutic avenues for targeting organ fibrosis and concurrently identifies challenges and opportunities for designing new therapeutic strategies against fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, 1700 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Qingping Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Regional Resource Exploitation and Medicinal Research, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huai'an, 223003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China.
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Indoxyl sulfate induces ROS production via the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-NADPH oxidase pathway and inactivates NO in vascular tissues. Life Sci 2020; 265:118807. [PMID: 33232689 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS) was reported to be the cause of cardiovascular disease associated with chronic kidney disease. Therefore, we evaluated the direct influences of IS on vascular function, focusing on the superoxide anion (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) pathways. MAIN METHODS Isolated rat thoracic aortas with and without vascular endothelium were incubated with IS for 4 h in a physiological solution. In some experiments, several inhibitors were treated 30 min before the addition of IS. O2- production was measured by the chemiluminescence method, and the vascular reactivity to different vasorelaxants was examined using organ chamber technique. KEY FINDINGS 1) Experiments using endothelium-intact vascular rings: IS significantly increased O2- production. The increase was suppressed by addition of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, the antioxidant ascorbic acid and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibitor CH223191. Furthermore, IS attenuated the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vasorelaxantion, which was suppressed by addition of the above drugs. 2) Experiments using endothelium-denuded vascular rings: IS significantly increased O2- production and also attenuated sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-induced vasorelaxation. These influences of IS were normalized only by ascorbic acid addition. On the other hand, IS did not affect the vasorelaxation by the sGC stimulator BAY 41-2272. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggested that IS causes O2- production in vascular tissues, thereby attenuating ACh- and SNP-induced vasorelaxation, probably through NO inactivation. Furthermore, it is reasonable to consider that IS-promoted O2- production in the presence of vascular endothelium is through binding to AhR and the activation of NADPH oxidase.
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Indoxyl Sulfate Contributes to Adipose Tissue Inflammation through the Activation of NADPH Oxidase. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12080502. [PMID: 32764271 PMCID: PMC7472142 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12080502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation appears to be a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the effect of CKD on adipose tissue inflammation is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the involvement of uremic toxins (indoxyl sulfate (IS), 3-indoleacetic acid, p-cresyl sulfate and kynurenic acid) on CKD-induced adipose tissue inflammation. IS induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the differentiated 3T3L-1 adipocyte. An organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibitor, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor or an antioxidant suppresses the IS-induced MCP-1 expression and ROS production, suggesting the OAT/NADPH oxidase/ROS pathway is involved in the action of IS. Co-culturing 3T3L-1 adipocytes and mouse macrophage cells showed incubating adipocytes with IS increased macrophage infiltration. An IS-overload in healthy mice increased IS levels, oxidative stress and MCP-1 expression in epididymal adipose tissue compared to unloaded mice. Using 5/6-nephrectomized mice, the administration of AST-120 suppressed oxidative stress and the expression of MCP-1, F4/80 and TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue. These collective data suggest IS could be a therapeutic target for the CKD-related inflammatory response in adipose tissue, and that AST-120 could be useful for the treatment of IS-induced adipose tissue inflammation.
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63
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How do Uremic Toxins Affect the Endothelium? Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060412. [PMID: 32575762 PMCID: PMC7354502 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic toxins can induce endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Indeed, the structure of the endothelial monolayer is damaged in CKD, and studies have shown that the uremic toxins contribute to the loss of cell–cell junctions, increasing permeability. Membrane proteins, such as transporters and receptors, can mediate the interaction between uremic toxins and endothelial cells. In these cells, uremic toxins induce oxidative stress and activation of signaling pathways, including the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. The activation of these pathways leads to overexpression of proinflammatory (e.g., monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, E-selectin) and prothrombotic (e.g., tissue factor) proteins. Uremic toxins also induce the formation of endothelial microparticles (EMPs), which can lead to the activation and dysfunction of other cells, and modulate the expression of microRNAs that have an important role in the regulation of cellular processes. The resulting endothelial dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and thrombotic events. Therefore, uremic toxins as well as the pathways they modulated may be potential targets for therapies in order to improve treatment for patients with CKD.
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Bobot M, Thomas L, Moyon A, Fernandez S, McKay N, Balasse L, Garrigue P, Brige P, Chopinet S, Poitevin S, Cérini C, Brunet P, Dignat-George F, Burtey S, Guillet B, Hache G. Uremic Toxic Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption Mediated by AhR Activation Leads to Cognitive Impairment during Experimental Renal Dysfunction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:1509-1521. [PMID: 32527975 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019070728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic toxicity may play a role in the elevated risk of developing cognitive impairment found among patients with CKD. Some uremic toxins, like indoxyl sulfate, are agonists of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is widely expressed in the central nervous system and which we previously identified as the receptor of indoxyl sulfate in endothelial cells. METHODS To characterize involvement of uremic toxins in cerebral and neurobehavioral abnormalities in three rat models of CKD, we induced CKD in rats by an adenine-rich diet or by 5/6 nephrectomy; we also used AhR-/- knockout mice overloaded with indoxyl sulfate in drinking water. We assessed neurologic deficits by neurobehavioral tests and blood-brain barrier disruption by SPECT/CT imaging after injection of 99mTc-DTPA, an imaging marker of blood-brain barrier permeability. RESULTS In CKD rats, we found cognitive impairment in the novel object recognition test, the object location task, and social memory tests and an increase of blood-brain barrier permeability associated with renal dysfunction. We found a significant correlation between 99mTc-DTPA content in brain and both the discrimination index in the novel object recognition test and indoxyl sulfate concentrations in serum. When we added indoxyl sulfate to the drinking water of rats fed an adenine-rich diet, we found an increase in indoxyl sulfate concentrations in serum associated with a stronger impairment in cognition and a higher permeability of the blood-brain barrier. In addition, non-CKD AhR-/- knockout mice were protected against indoxyl sulfate-induced blood-brain barrier disruption and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS AhR activation by indoxyl sulfate, a uremic toxin, leads to blood-brain barrier disruption associated with cognitive impairment in animal models of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mickaël Bobot
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistnce Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France .,Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Thomas
- Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France
| | - Anaïs Moyon
- Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France.,Service de Radiopharmacie, Assistnce Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Samantha Fernandez
- Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie McKay
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Balasse
- Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Garrigue
- Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France.,Service de Radiopharmacie, Assistnce Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Brige
- Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Interventionelle Expérimentale, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Chopinet
- Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Laboratoire d'Imagerie Interventionelle Expérimentale, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France.,Service de Chirurgie générale et transplantation hépatique, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistnce Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Poitevin
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France
| | - Claire Cérini
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistnce Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, Hôpital de la Conception, Assistnce Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France.,Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France.,Service de Radiopharmacie, Assistnce Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Hache
- Centre Européen de recherche en Imagerie Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Marseille, France .,Centre de Recherche en Cardiovasculaireet Nutrition, Aix Marseille Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut National de Recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, Marseille, France.,Pharmacie, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistnce Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
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Miao H, Cao G, Wu XQ, Chen YY, Chen DQ, Chen L, Vaziri ND, Feng YL, Su W, Gao Y, Zhuang S, Yu XY, Zhang L, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Identification of endogenous 1-aminopyrene as a novel mediator of progressive chronic kidney disease via aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3415-3435. [PMID: 32219844 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increasing evidence has indicated that the high risk of cardiovascular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients cannot be sufficiently explained by classic risk factors. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator method, we identified significantly altered renal tissue metabolites during progressive CKD in a 5/6 nephrectomized rat model and in CKD patients. KEY RESULTS Six aryl-containing metabolites (ACMs) were significantly increased from Week 1 to Week 20. They were associated with the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its target genes including CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, which were further validated by molecular docking. Our study further demonstrated that AhR signalling could be activated by ACM in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy, diabetic nephropathy and IgA nephropathy. Most importantly, 1-aminopyrene (AP) showed strong positive and negative correlation with serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, respectively. AP significantly up-regulated the mRNA expressions of AhR and its three target genes in both mice and NRK-52E cells, while this effect was partially weakened in AhR small hairpin RNA-treated mice and NRK-52E cells. Furthermore, dietary flavonoid supplementation ameliorated CKD and renal fibrosis through partially inhibiting the AhR activity via lowering the ACM levels. The antagonistic effect of flavonoids on AhR was deeply influenced by the number and location of hydroxyl and glycosyl groups. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS We uncovered that endogenous AP is a novel mediator of CKD progression via AhR activation; thus, AhR might serve as a promising target for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Miao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xia-Qing Wu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Su
- Department of Nephrology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Itkin B, Breen A, Turyanska L, Sandes EO, Bradshaw TD, Loaiza-Perez AI. New Treatments in Renal Cancer: The AhR Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3551. [PMID: 32443455 PMCID: PMC7279047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer rapidly acquires resistance to antiangiogenic agents, such as sunitinib, developing an aggressive migratory phenotype (facilitated by c-Metsignal transduction). The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has recently been postulated as a molecular target for cancer treatment. Currently, there are two antitumor agent AhR ligands, with activity against renal cancer, that have been tested clinically: aminoflavone (AFP 464, NSC710464) and the benzothiazole (5F 203) prodrug Phortress. Our studies investigated the action of AFP 464, the aminoflavone pro-drug currently used in clinical trials, and 5F 203 on renal cancer cells, specifically examining their effects on cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cell migration. Both compounds caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis but only 5F 203 potently inhibited the migration of TK-10, Caki-1 and SN12C cells as well as the migration signal transduction cascade, involving c-Met signaling, in TK-10 cells. Current investigations are focused on the development of nano-delivery vehicles, apoferritin-encapsulated benzothiazoles 5F 203 and GW610, for the treatment of renal cancer. These compounds have shown improved antitumor effects against TK-10 cells in vitro at lower concentrations compared with a naked agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Itkin
- Department of Oncology, Hospital General de Agudos Juan Fernandez, C1425 CABA Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Alastair Breen
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, Nottinghamshire, UK; (A.B.); (T.D.B.)
| | - Lyudmila Turyanska
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, Nottinghamshire, UK;
| | - Eduardo Omar Sandes
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (IOAHR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Área Investigación, Av. San Martin 5481, C1417 DTB Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, Nottinghamshire, UK; (A.B.); (T.D.B.)
| | - Andrea Irene Loaiza-Perez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (IOAHR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Área Investigación, Av. San Martin 5481, C1417 DTB Buenos Aires, Argentina;
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Xiang F, Cao X, Shen B, Chen X, Guo M, Ding X, Zou J. Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Indoxyl Sulfate Should Be Culpable of Impaired T Cell Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:178. [PMID: 32435647 PMCID: PMC7218060 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Chronic inflammation and immune system dysfunction have been evaluated as major factors in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributing to the high mortality rates observed in these populations. Uremic toxins seem to be the potential “missing link.” Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one of the protein-bound renal toxins. It participates in multiple pathologies of CKD complications, yet its effect on immune cell has not been studied. This study aimed to explore the genome-wide expression profile in human peripheral blood T cells under stimulation by IS. Methods: In this study, we employed RNA-sequencing transcriptome profiling to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responding to IS stimulation in human peripheral T cells in vitro. Flow cytometry and western blot were used to verify the discovery in RNA-sequencing analysis. Results: Our results yielded a total of 5129 DEGs that were at least twofold up-regulated or down-regulated significantly by IS stimulation and half of them were concentration-specific. Analysis of T cell functional markers revealed a quite different transcription profile under various IS concentration. Transcription factors analysis showed the similar pattern. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) target genes CYP1A1, CYP1B1, NQO1, and AhRR were up-regulated by IS stimulation. Pro-inflammatory genes TNF-α and IFN-γ were up-regulated as verified by flow cytometry analysis. DNA damage was induced by IS stimulation as confirmed by elevated protein level of p-ATM, p-ATR, p-BRCA1, and p-p53 in T cells. Conclusion: The toxicity of IS to T cells could be an important source of chronic inflammation in CKD patients. As an endogenous ligand of AhR, IS may influence multiple biological functions of T cells including inflammatory response and cell cycle regulation. Further researches are required to promulgate the underling mechanism and explore effective method of reserving T cell function in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuesen Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Man Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianzhou Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Kidney and Blood Purification, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Kidney and Dialysis, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Medical Center for Kidney, Shanghai, China
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Makhloufi C, Crescence L, Darbousset R, McKay N, Massy ZA, Dubois C, Panicot-Dubois L, Burtey S, Poitevin S. Assessment of Thrombotic and Bleeding Tendency in Two Mouse Models of Chronic Kidney Disease: Adenine-Diet and 5/6th Nephrectomy. TH OPEN 2020; 4:e66-e76. [PMID: 32309772 PMCID: PMC7162676 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence of bleeding and thrombosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is frequent and poorly understood. Mouse models are essential to understand complications of CKD and to develop new therapeutic approaches improving the health of patients. We evaluated the hemostasis in two models of renal insufficiency: adenine-diet and 5/6th nephrectomy (5/6Nx). Compared with 5/6Nx mice, mice fed with 0.25% adenine had more severe renal insufficiency and so higher levels of prothrombotic uremic toxins like indoxyl sulfate. More severe renal inflammation and fibrosis were observed in the adenine group, as demonstrated by histological and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiments. Liver fibrinogen γ chain expression and level of plasma fibrinogen were increased only in adenine mice. In both CKD mouse models, tissue factor (TF) expression was increased in kidney and aorta extracts. Immunochemistry analysis of kidney sections showed that TF is localized in the vascular walls. Thrombin–antithrombin complexes were significantly increased in plasma from both adenine and 5/6Nx mice. Tail bleeding time increased significantly only in adenine mice, whereas platelet count was not significant altered. Finally, results obtained by intravital microscopy after laser-induced endothelial injury showed impaired platelet function in adenine mice and an increase in fibrin generation in 5/6Nx mice. To summarize, adenine diet causes a more severe renal insufficiency compared with 5/6Nx. The TF upregulation and the hypercoagulable state were observed in both CKD models. Bleeding tendency was observed only in the adenine model of CKD that recapitulates the whole spectrum of hemostasis abnormalities observed in advanced human CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lydie Crescence
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Roxane Darbousset
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nathalie McKay
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Ziad A Massy
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France.,Department of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Boulogne Billancourt/Paris, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Burtey
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM 1263, INRAE, C2VN, Marseille, France.,Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, APHM, Marseille, France
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69
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Indoxyl Sulfate, a Uremic Endotheliotoxin. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12040229. [PMID: 32260489 PMCID: PMC7232210 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. During CKD, the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate (IS)—derived from tryptophan metabolism—accumulates. IS is involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular complications. IS can be described as an endotheliotoxin: IS induces endothelial dysfunction implicated in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality during CKD. In this review, we describe clinical and experimental evidence for IS endothelial toxicity and focus on the various molecular pathways implicated. In patients with CKD, plasma concentrations of IS correlate with cardiovascular events and mortality, with vascular calcification and atherosclerotic markers. Moreover, IS induces a prothrombotic state and impaired neovascularization. IS reduction by AST-120 reverse these abnormalities. In vitro, IS induces endothelial aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation and proinflammatory transcription factors as NF-κB or AP-1. IS has a prooxidant effect with reduction of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Finally, IS alters endothelial cell and endothelial progenitor cell migration, regeneration and control vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation. Reducing IS endothelial toxicity appears to be necessary to improve cardiovascular health in CKD patients.
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70
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Female AhR Knockout Mice Develop a Minor Renal Insufficiency in an Adenine-Diet Model of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072483. [PMID: 32260098 PMCID: PMC7177716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular complications observed in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by tryptophan-derived uremic toxins-mainly indoxyl sulfate (IS). AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor originally characterized as a receptor of xenobiotics involved in detoxification. The aim of this study was to determine the role of AhR in a CKD mouse model based on an adenine diet. Wild-type (WT) and AhR-/- mice were fed by alternating an adenine-enriched diet and a regular diet for 6 weeks. Our results showed an increased mortality rate of AhR-/- males. AhR-/- females survived and developed a less severe renal insufficiency that WT mice, reflected by urea, creatinine, and IS measurement in serum. The protective effect was related to a decrease of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene expression, an attenuation of tubular injury, and a decrease of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine crystal deposition in the kidneys of AhR-/- mice. These mice expressed low levels of xanthine dehydrogenase, which oxidizes adenine into 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, and low levels of the IS metabolism enzymes. In conclusion, the CKD model of adenine diet is not suitable for AhR knockout mice when studying the role of this transcription factor in cardiovascular complications, as observed in human CKD.
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71
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation and Tissue Factor Induction by Fluid Shear Stress and Indoxyl Sulfate in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072392. [PMID: 32244284 PMCID: PMC7178278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous agonists of the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) such as the indolic uremic toxin, indoxyl sulfate (IS), accumulate in patients with chronic kidney disease. AHR activation by indolic toxins has prothrombotic effects on the endothelium, especially via tissue factor (TF) induction. In contrast, physiological AHR activation by laminar shear stress (SS) is atheroprotective. We studied the activation of AHR and the regulation of TF by IS in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells subjected to laminar fluid SS (5 dynes/cm2). SS and IS markedly increased the expression of AHR target genes PTGS2 (encoding for COX2), AHRR, CYP1A1, and CYP1B1, as well as F3 (encoding for TF), in an AHR-dependent way. IS amplified SS-induced TF mRNA and protein expression and upregulation of AHR target genes. Interestingly, tyrosine kinase inhibition by genistein decreased SS- but not IS-induced TF expression. Finally, the increase in TF expression induced by laminar SS was not associated with increased TF activity. In contrast, IS increased TF activity, even under antithrombotic SS conditions. In conclusion, IS and SS induce AHR activation and AHR-dependent TF upregulation by different mechanisms. Impairment of the antithrombotic properties of shear stressed endothelium by toxic AHR agonists could favor cardiovascular diseases in CKD.
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72
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Difference in Profiles of the Gut-Derived Tryptophan Metabolite Indole Acetic Acid between Transplanted and Non-Transplanted Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062031. [PMID: 32188143 PMCID: PMC7139556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uremic toxins have emerged as potential mediators of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, a tryptophan-derived uremic toxin) might be a useful biomarker in patients with CKD. The objectives of the present study were to (i) describe IAA concentrations in a cohort of non-transplanted patients with CKD and a cohort of transplanted patients with CKD, and (ii) investigate the possible relationship between IAA levels and adverse outcomes in the two cohorts. METHODS Levels of free and total IAA were assayed in the two prospective CKD cohorts (140 non-transplanted patients and 311 transplanted patients). Cox multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the association between IAA levels and outcomes (mortality, cardiovascular events, and graft loss). RESULTS In the non-transplanted CKD cohort, free and total IAA increased progressively with the CKD stage. In the transplanted CKD cohort, free and total IAA levels were elevated at the time of transplantation but had fallen substantially at one-month post-transplantation. Indole acetic acid concentrations were lower in transplanted patients than non-dialysis non-transplanted patients matched for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), age, and sex. After adjustment for multiple confounders, the free IAA level predicted overall mortality and cardiovascular events in the non-transplanted CKD cohort (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.5 [1.2-5.1] and 2.5 [1.3-4.8], respectively). In the transplanted CKD cohort, however, no associations were found between free or total IAA on one hand, and mortality, CV event, or graft survival on the other. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that levels of IAA increase with the CKD stage, and fall substantially, even normalizing, after kidney transplantation. Free IAA appears to be a valuable outcome-associated biomarker in non-transplanted patients, but-at least in our study setting-not in transplanted patients.
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73
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Kim JT, Kim SH, Min HK, Jeon SJ, Sung SA, Park WH, Lee HK, Choi HS, Pak YK, Lee SY. Effect of Dialysis on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Transactivating Activity in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Yonsei Med J 2020; 61:56-63. [PMID: 31887800 PMCID: PMC6938787 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2020.61.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Elevated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivating (AHRT) activity and uremia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) may interact with each other, further complicating the disease course. In this study, we prospectively estimated serum AHRT activity using a highly sensitive cell-based AhR-dependent luciferase activity assay in CKD patients and compared differences therein according to treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) (n=22) and hemodialysis (HD) (n=38) and patients with pre-dialysis CKD stage IV or V (n=28) were included. AHRT activity and intracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured. We performed a correlation analysis for AHRT activity, ATP levels, and various clinical parameters. RESULTS AHRT activity and intracellular ATP levels were inversely correlated and differed according to treatment modalities. AHRT activity was higher in non-dialysis CKD patients than in patients undergoing dialysis and was higher in patients undergoing HD, compared to PD. AHRT activity decreased after HD treatment in HD patients. ATP levels were higher in healthy controls than in patients with pre-dialysis CKD and PD and were further decreased in patients with HD. We noted significant correlations between multiple clinical parameters associated with cardiovascular risk factors and AHRT activity. CONCLUSION AHRT activity was elevated in CKD patients, while dialysis treatment reduced AHRT activity. Further studies are warranted to specify AHRT activity and to evaluate the precise roles thereof in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Taek Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang Ki Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Jin Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Ah Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wook Ha Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hong Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Sung Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Youngmi Kim Pak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nowon Eulji University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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74
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Indoxyl sulfate associates with cardiovascular phenotype in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2019; 34:2571-2582. [PMID: 31428929 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Serum levels of gut-derived uremic toxins increase with deterioration of kidney function and are associated with cardiac comorbidities in adult CKD patients. METHODS Indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in serum of children participating in the Cardiovascular Comorbidity in Children with CKD (4C) Study. Results were correlated with measurements of the carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), central pulse wave velocity (PWV), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in children aged 6-17 years with initial eGFR of 10-60 ml/min per 1.73 m2. RESULTS The median serum levels of total IS and of pCS, measured in 609 patients, were 5.3 μmol/l (8.7) and 17.0 μmol/l (21.6), respectively. In a multivariable regression model, IS and pCS showed significant positive associations with urea and negative associations with eGFR and uric acid. Furthermore, positive associations of pCS with age, serum albumin, and non-Mediterranean residency and a negative association with glomerular disease were observed. By multivariable regression analysis, only IS was significantly associated with a higher cIMT SDS at baseline and progression of PWV SDS within 12 months, independent of other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of gut-derived uremic toxins IS and pCS correlated inversely with eGFR in children. Only IS was significantly associated with surrogate markers of cardiovascular disease in this large pediatric CKD cohort.
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75
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Prokopienko AJ, West RE, Schrum DP, Stubbs JR, Leblond FA, Pichette V, Nolin TD. Metabolic Activation of Flavin Monooxygenase-mediated Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Formation in Experimental Kidney Disease. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15901. [PMID: 31685846 PMCID: PMC6828678 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients despite treatment of traditional risk factors, suggesting that non-traditional CVD risk factors are involved. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) correlates with atherosclerosis burden in CKD patients and may be a non-traditional CVD risk factor. Serum TMAO concentrations are significantly increased in CKD patients, which may be due in part to increased hepatic flavin monooxygenase (FMO)-mediated TMAO formation. The objective of this work was to elucidate the mechanism of increased FMO activity in CKD. In this study, FMO enzyme activity experiments were conducted in vitro with liver microsomes isolated from experimental CKD and control rats. Trimethylamine was used as a probe substrate to assess FMO activity. The FMO activator octylamine and human uremic serum were evaluated. FMO gene and protein expression were also determined. FMO-mediated TMAO formation was increased in CKD versus control. Although gene and protein expression of FMO were not changed, metabolic activation elicited by octylamine and human uremic serum increased FMO-mediated TMAO formation. The findings suggest that metabolic activation of FMO-mediated TMAO formation is a novel mechanism that contributes to increased TMAO formation in CKD and represents a therapeutic target to reduce TMAO exposure and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Prokopienko
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences or Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Raymond E West
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences or Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel P Schrum
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences or Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jason R Stubbs
- The Kidney Institute, and Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, United States
| | | | - Vincent Pichette
- Service de Néphrologie et Centre de Recherche, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Département de Pharmacologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas D Nolin
- Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences or Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.
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76
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Massy ZA, Liabeuf S. From old uraemic toxins to new uraemic toxins: place of 'omics'. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:iii2-iii5. [PMID: 30281133 PMCID: PMC6168884 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Uraemic toxins seem to play an important role in the genesis of cardiovascular and renal damage in chronic kidney disease patients. This short article is divided into two thematic sections. The first part focuses on a selection of ‘old’ toxins for which recent data (published between 2016 and 2018) have provided a better understanding of the associated harmful mechanisms and which, in our opinion, nephrologists should be more aware of. The second part highlights new perspectives for identifying and quantifying these compounds using ‘omics’ techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziad A Massy
- Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré Hospital, Paris Ile-de-France Ouest University (UVSQ), Boulogne Billancourt, France.,INSERM Unit-1018, CESP, University Paris-Saclay, University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Université Paris Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Liabeuf
- Clinical Research Department, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France.,INSERM U1088, Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
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77
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Zhao H, Chen L, Yang T, Feng YL, Vaziri ND, Liu BL, Liu QQ, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation mediates kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2019; 17:302. [PMID: 31488157 PMCID: PMC6727512 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a well-known ligand-activated cytoplasmic transcription factor that contributes to cellular responses against environmental toxins and carcinogens. AhR is activated by a range of structurally diverse compounds from the environment, microbiome, natural products, and host metabolism, suggesting that AhR possesses a rather promiscuous ligand binding site. Increasing studies have indicated that AhR can be activated by a variety of endogenous ligands and induce the expression of a battery of genes. AhR regulates a variety of physiopathological events, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, adhesion and migration. These new roles have expanded our understanding of the AhR signalling pathways and endogenous metabolites interacting with AhR under homeostatic and pathological conditions. Recent studies have demonstrated that AhR is linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this review, we summarize gut microbiota-derived ligands inducing AhR activity in patients with CKD, CVD, diabetic nephropathy and RCC that may provide a new diagnostic and prognostic approach for complex renal damage. We further highlight polyphenols from natural products as AhR agonists or antagonists that regulate AhR activity. A better understanding of structurally diverse polyphenols and AhR biological activities would allow us to illuminate their molecular mechanism and discover potential therapeutic strategies targeting AhR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Bao-Li Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Qing-Quan Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, 87131, USA
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China.
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78
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Kim HY, Yoo TH, Cho JY, Kim HC, Lee WW. Indoxyl sulfate-induced TNF-α is regulated by crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, NF-κB, and SOCS2 in human macrophages. FASEB J 2019; 33:10844-10858. [PMID: 31284759 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900730r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a uremic toxin associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with chronic kidney disease. Despite the crucial role of uremia-related immune dysfunction, a majority of studies attempting to elucidate its pathogenic role in CVD have focused on IS-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Thus, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in IS-induced production of TNF-α, a major cardiotoxic cytokine, by human macrophages. We found that crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), NF-κB, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)2 is important for TNF-α production in IS-stimulated human macrophages. IS-activated AhR rapidly associates with the p65 NF-κB subunit, resulting in mutual inhibition of AhR and NF-κB and inhibition of TNF-α production at an early time point. Later, this repression of TNF-α production is alleviated when SOCS2, a negative modulator of NF-κB, is directly induced by IS-activated AhR. In addition, once free of inhibition, activated AhR induces TNF-α expression by interacting with AhR binding sites in the TNF-α gene. Lastly, we confirmed decreased AhR and increased SOCS2 expression in monocytes of patients with end-stage renal disease, indicating the activation of AhR. Taken together, our results suggest that IS-induced TNF-α production in macrophages is regulated through a complicated mechanism involving interaction of AhR, NF-κB, and SOCS2.-Kim, H. Y., Yoo, T.-H., Cho, J.-Y., Kim, H. C., Lee, W.-W. Indoxyl sulfate-induced TNF-α is regulated by crosstalk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, NF-κB, and SOCS2 in human macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Cancer Research Institute
| | | | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine-Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeon Chang Kim
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Etiology Research Center.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology.,Cancer Research Institute.,Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
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79
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Emerging Roles of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptors in the Altered Clearance of Drugs during Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11040209. [PMID: 30959953 PMCID: PMC6521271 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem, since 300,000,000 people in the world display a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73m². Patients with CKD have high rates of complications and comorbidities. Thus, they require the prescription of numerous medications, making the management of patients very complex. The prescription of numerous drugs associated with an altered renal- and non-renal clearance makes dose adjustment challenging in these patients, with frequent drug-related adverse events. However, the mechanisms involved in this abnormal drug clearance during CKD are not still well identified. We propose here that the transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is the cellular receptor for indolic uremic toxins, could worsen the metabolism and the excretion of drugs in CKD patients.
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80
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Brito JSD, Borges NA, Anjos JSD, Nakao LS, Stockler-Pinto MB, Paiva BR, Cardoso-Weide LDC, Cardozo LFMDF, Mafra D. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Uremic Toxins from the Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Is There a Relationship between Them? Biochemistry 2019; 58:2054-2060. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessyca Sousa de Brito
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Natália Alvarenga Borges
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana Saraiva dos Anjos
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Lia Sumie Nakao
- Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR 80060-000, Brazil
| | - Milena Barcza Stockler-Pinto
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24220-900, Brazil
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24220-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Regis Paiva
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24220-900, Brazil
| | | | | | - Denise Mafra
- Medical Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24220-900, Brazil
- Cardiovascular Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24220-900, Brazil
- Nutrition Sciences Graduate Program, Federal University Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ 24220-900, Brazil
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Nakano T, Katsuki S, Chen M, Decano JL, Halu A, Lee LH, Pestana DVS, Kum AST, Kuromoto RK, Golden WS, Boff MS, Guimaraes GC, Higashi H, Kauffman KJ, Maejima T, Suzuki T, Iwata H, Barabási AL, Aster JC, Anderson DG, Sharma A, Singh SA, Aikawa E, Aikawa M. Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Promotes Proinflammatory Macrophage Activation Via the Interplay of OATP2B1 and Dll4-Notch Signaling. Circulation 2019; 139:78-96. [PMID: 30586693 PMCID: PMC6311723 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.034588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases cardiovascular risk. Underlying mechanisms, however, remain obscure. The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate is an independent cardiovascular risk factor in CKD. We explored the potential impact of indoxyl sulfate on proinflammatory activation of macrophages and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS We examined in vitro the effects of clinically relevant concentrations of indoxyl sulfate on proinflammatory responses of macrophages and the roles of organic anion transporters and organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs). A systems approach, involving unbiased global proteomics, bioinformatics, and network analysis, then explored potential key pathways. To address the role of Delta-like 4 (Dll4) in indoxyl sulfate-induced macrophage activation and atherogenesis in CKD in vivo, we used 5/6 nephrectomy and Dll4 antibody in low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice. To further determine the relative contribution of OATP2B1 or Dll4 to proinflammatory activation of macrophages and atherogenesis in vivo, we used siRNA delivered by macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticles in mice. RESULTS We found that indoxyl sulfate-induced proinflammatory macrophage activation is mediated by its uptake through transporters, including OATP2B1, encoded by the SLCO2B1 gene. The global proteomics identified potential mechanisms, including Notch signaling and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, that mediate indoxyl sulfate-triggered proinflammatory macrophage activation. We chose the Notch pathway as an example of key candidates for validation of our target discovery platform and for further mechanistic studies. As predicted computationally, indoxyl sulfate triggered Notch signaling, which was preceded by the rapid induction of Dll4 protein. Dll4 induction may result from inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, via the deubiquitinating enzyme USP5. In mice, macrophage-targeted OATP2B1/Slco2b1 silencing and Dll4 antibody inhibited proinflammatory activation of peritoneal macrophages induced by indoxyl sulfate. In low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice, Dll4 antibody abolished atherosclerotic lesion development accelerated in Ldlr-/- mice. Moreover, coadministration of indoxyl sulfate and OATP2B1/Slco2b1 or Dll4 siRNA encapsulated in macrophage-targeted lipid nanoparticles in Ldlr-/- mice suppressed lesion development. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that novel crosstalk between OATP2B1 and Dll4-Notch signaling in macrophages mediates indoxyl sulfate-induced vascular inflammation in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Calcium-Binding Proteins
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Indican/toxicity
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Macrophage Activation/drug effects
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Organic Anion Transporters/genetics
- Organic Anion Transporters/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Nakano
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Shunsuke Katsuki
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mingxian Chen
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Julius L. Decano
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Arda Halu
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lang Ho Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Diego V. S. Pestana
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Angelo S. T. Kum
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rodrigo K. Kuromoto
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Whitney S. Golden
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mario S. Boff
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gabriel C. Guimaraes
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin J. Kauffman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Takashi Maejima
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Takehiro Suzuki
- Division of Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwata
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Complex Network Research, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Jon C. Aster
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Daniel G. Anderson
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amitabh Sharma
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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82
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Addi T, Poitevin S, McKay N, El Mecherfi KE, Kheroua O, Jourde-Chiche N, de Macedo A, Gondouin B, Cerini C, Brunet P, Dignat-George F, Burtey S, Dou L. Mechanisms of tissue factor induction by the uremic toxin indole-3 acetic acid through aryl hydrocarbon receptor/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway in human endothelial cells. Arch Toxicol 2018; 93:121-136. [PMID: 30324315 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high risk of thrombosis. Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA), an indolic uremic toxin, induces the expression of tissue factor (TF) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) via the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). This study aimed to understand the signaling pathways involved in AhR-mediated TF induction by IAA. We incubated human endothelial cells with IAA at 50 µM, the maximal concentration found in patients with CKD. IAA induced TF expression in different types of human endothelial cells: umbilical vein (HUVEC), aortic (HAoEC), and cardiac-derived microvascular (HMVEC-C). Using AhR inhibition and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, we showed that TF induction by IAA in HUVEC was controlled by AhR and that AhR did not bind to the TF promoter. The analysis of TF promoter activity using luciferase reporter plasmids showed that the NF-κB site was essential in TF induction by IAA. In addition, TF induction by IAA was drastically decreased by an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway. IAA induced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p50 subunit, which was decreased by AhR and p38MAPK inhibition. Finally, in a cohort of 92 CKD patients on hemodialysis, circulating TF was independently related to serum IAA in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, TF up-regulation by IAA in human endothelial cells involves a non-genomic AhR/p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway. The understanding of signal transduction pathways related to AhR thrombotic/inflammatory pathway is of interest to find therapeutic targets to reduce TF expression and thrombotic risk in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Addi
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, LPNSA, Oran, Algeria
| | - Stéphane Poitevin
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Nathalie McKay
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Kamel Eddine El Mecherfi
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, LPNSA, Oran, Algeria
- Université Mohamed Boudiaf USTO, Dpt génétique Moléculaire Appliquée (GMA), Oran, Algeria
| | - Omar Kheroua
- Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, LPNSA, Oran, Algeria
| | - Noémie Jourde-Chiche
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Alix de Macedo
- Service de Pédiatrie-Néonatologie, Hôpital Fondation Saint Joseph, Marseille, France
| | | | - Claire Cerini
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Françoise Dignat-George
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Dou
- Faculté de pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 27 bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
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83
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Addi T, Dou L, Burtey S. Tryptophan-Derived Uremic Toxins and Thrombosis in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E412. [PMID: 30322010 PMCID: PMC6215213 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) display an elevated risk of thrombosis. Thrombosis occurs in cardiovascular events, such as venous thromboembolism, stroke, and acute coronary syndrome, and is a cause of hemodialysis vascular access dysfunction. CKD leads to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which exerts toxic effects on blood and the vessel wall. Some uremic toxins result from tryptophan metabolization in the gut through the indolic and the kynurenine pathways. An increasing number of studies are highlighting the link between such uremic toxins and thrombosis in CKD. In this review, we describe the thrombotic mechanisms induced by tryptophan-derived uremic toxins (TDUT). These mechanisms include an increase in plasma levels of procoagulant factors, induction of platelet hyperactivity, induction of endothelial dysfunction/ impairment of endothelial healing, decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and production of procoagulant microparticles. We focus on one important prothrombotic mechanism: The induction of tissue factor (TF), the initiator of the extrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation. This induction occurs via a new pathway, dependent on the transcription factor Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the receptor of TDUT in cells. A better understanding of the prothrombotic mechanisms of uremic toxins could help to find novel therapeutic targets to prevent thrombosis in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Addi
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France.
- LPNSA, Département de Biologie, Université d'Oran 1 Ahmed Benbella, 31000 Oran, Algérie.
| | - Laetitia Dou
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Stéphane Burtey
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France.
- Centre de Néphrologie et Transplantation Rénale, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France.
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