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Anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of auraptene on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced inflammation in human lymphocytes. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:154-162. [PMID: 32166733 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is characterized as a defensive response of our body against endogenous or exogenous stimuli. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress play an important role in the pathogenesis of various disorders such as asthma, cancers, and multiple sclerosis. Recently, diverse pharmacological activities of auraptene, a natural prenyloxycoumarin, were reported. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of auraptene on human isolated lymphocytes. METHOD The effects of auraptene (10, 30 and 90 μM) and dexamethasone (0.1 mM) were evaluated on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and total glutathione content (GSH) as well as the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated human lymphocytes. RESULTS Auraptene (10-90 μM) did not affect lymphocytes' viability after 48 h incubation. PHA markedly elevated ROS, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, while diminished the GSH content, and CAT and SOD activities in human lymphocytes (p < 0.001 for all cases). Treatment with auraptene (10-90 µM) significantly ameliorated ROS, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels, and markedly increased GSH content, and CAT and SOD activities (p < 0.5-0.001). CONCLUSION Auraptene may possess promising healing effects in the different inflammatory disorders associated with activation of the acquired immune system such as multiple sclerosis and asthma.
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Tanaka M, Sackett S, Zhang Y. Endocannabinoid Modulation of Microglial Phenotypes in Neuropathology. Front Neurol 2020; 11:87. [PMID: 32117037 PMCID: PMC7033501 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, mediate brain homeostasis by controlling neuronal proliferation/differentiation and synaptic activity. In response to external signals from neuropathological conditions, homeostatic (M0) microglia can adopt one of two activation states: the classical (M1) activation state, which secretes mediators of the proinflammatory response, and the alternative (M2) activation state, which presumably mediates the resolution of neuroinflammation and tissue repair/remodeling. Since chronic inflammatory activation of microglia is correlated with several neurodegenerative diseases, functional modulation of microglial phenotypes has been considered as a potential therapeutic strategy. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system, composed of cannabinoid receptors and ligands and their metabolic/biosynthetic enzymes, has been shown to activate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways that modulate immune cell functions. Growing evidence has demonstrated that endogenous, synthetic, and plant-derived eCB agonists possess therapeutic effects on several neuropathologies; however, the molecular mechanisms that mediate the anti-inflammatory effects have not yet been identified. Over the last decade, it has been revealed that the eCB system modulates microglial activation and population. In this review, we thoroughly examine recent studies on microglial phenotype modulation by eCB in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease conditions. We hypothesize that cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB2R) signaling shifts the balance of expression between neuroinflammatory (M1-type) genes, neuroprotective (M2-type) genes, and homeostatic (M0-type) genes toward the latter two gene expressions, by which microglia acquire therapeutic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikiei Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Scott Sackett
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Caputo LS, Campos MIC, Dias HJ, Crotti AEM, Fajardo JB, Vanelli CP, Presto ÁCD, Alves MS, Aarestrup FM, Paula ACC, Da Silva Filho AA, Aarestrup BJV, Pereira OS, Corrêa JODA. Copaiba oil suppresses inflammation in asthmatic lungs of BALB/c mice induced with ovalbumin. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 80:106177. [PMID: 32007706 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that represents high hospitalizations and deaths in world. Copaiba oil (CO) is popularly used for relieving asthma symptoms and has already been shown to be effective in many inflammation models. This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory relationship of CO in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. The composition of CO sample analyzed by GC and GC-MS and the toxicity test was performed in mice at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg (by gavage). After, the experimental model of allergic asthma was induced with OVA and mice were orally treated with CO in two pre-established doses. The inflammatory infiltrate was evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), while cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α), IgE antibody and nitric oxide (NO) production was evaluated in BALF and lung homogenate (LH) of mice, together with the histology and histomorphometry of the lung tissue. CO significantly attenuated the number of inflammatory cells in BALF, suppressing NO production and reducing the response mediated by TH2 and TH17 (T helper) cells in both BALF and LH. Histopathological and histomorphometric analysis confirmed that CO significantly reduced the numbers of inflammatory infiltrate in the lung tissue, including in the parenchyma area. Our results indicate that CO has an effective in vivo antiasthmatic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila S Caputo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês C Campos
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Pathology, Reproduction Biology Center (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Herbert J Dias
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantesn° 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio E M Crotti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantesn° 3900, 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlia B Fajardo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Chislene P Vanelli
- Health Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health of Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Alameda Salvaterra n° 200, Salvaterra, 36.033-003 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Álvaro C D Presto
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Pathology, Reproduction Biology Center (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria S Alves
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando M Aarestrup
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Pathology, Reproduction Biology Center (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia C Paula
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ademar A Da Silva Filho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz J V Aarestrup
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology and Pathology, Reproduction Biology Center (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Olavo S Pereira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - José Otávio do A Corrêa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, R. José Lourenço Kelmer s/n, Campus Universitário, 36036-900 Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
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Baradaran Rahimi V, Ghadiri M, Ramezani M, Askari VR. Antiinflammatory and anti‐cancer activities of pomegranate and its constituent, ellagic acid: Evidence from cellular, animal, and clinical studies. Phytother Res 2020; 34:685-720. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mobarakeh Ghadiri
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Mobina Ramezani
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal PlantsMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Baradaran Rahim V, Khammar MT, Rakhshandeh H, Samzadeh-Kermani A, Hosseini A, Askari VR. Crocin protects cardiomyocytes against LPS-Induced inflammation. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1228-1234. [PMID: 31670059 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis causes organ dysfunctions via elevation of oxidative stress and inflammation. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major surface molecule of most gram-negative bacteria and routinely used as a sepsis model in investigation studies. Crocin is an active compound of saffron which has different pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory. In this research, the protective effect of crocin was evaluated against LPS-induced toxicity in the embryonic cardiomyocyte cell line (H9c2). METHODS The cells were pre-treated with different concentration of crocin (10, 20 and 40 μM) for 24 h, and then LPS was added (10 μg/ml) for another 24 h. Afterward, the percentage of cell viability and the levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β, and IL-6), gene expression levels (TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS), and the level of nitric oxide (NO) and thiol were measured. RESULTS Our results showed that LPS reduced cell viability, increased the levels of cytokines, gene-expression, nitric oxide, and thiol. Crocin attenuated the LPS-induced toxicity in H9c2 cells via reducing the levels of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β, and IL-6, p < 0.001), gene expression (TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, and iNOS, p < 0.001), and NO (p < 0.001), whereas increased the level of thiol content (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The observed results revealed that crocin has preventive effects on the LPS induced sepsis and its cardiac toxicity in-vitro model. Probably, these findings are related to anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of crocin. However, performing further animal studies are necessary to support the therapeutic effects of crocin in septic shock cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Baradaran Rahim
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Khammar
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Combination of Imipramine, a sphingomyelinase inhibitor, and β-caryophyllene improve their therapeutic effects on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Goldoni FC, Barretta C, Nunes R, Broering MF, De Faveri R, Molleri HT, Corrêa TP, Farias IV, Amorin CK, Pastor MVD, Meyre-Silva C, Bresolin TMB, de Freitas RA, Quintão NLM, Santin JR. Effects of Eugenia umbelliflora O. Berg (Myrtaceae)-leaf extract on inflammation and hypersensitivity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 244:112133. [PMID: 31377260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Eugenia species are widely used in popular medicine to treat several diseases, such as arthritis, rheumatism and diabetes. Eugenia umbelliflora O. Berg is popularly known in Brazil as "baguaçu", name also conferred to Eugenia jambolana probably due to their apparent similarity. Although the popular use scientifically proved of E. jambolana as anti-diabetes and also as anti-inflammatory, there are only two scientific studies demonstrating anti-ulcer and bactericide activities of E. umbelliflora leaves extract, without reference to its possible anti-inflammatory activity. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to show the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of the methanol extract obtained from E. umbelliflora leaves (EuL) using in vitro and in vivo protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total phenolic content was evaluated using the folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and phloroglucinols content by HPLC. The anti-oxidant activity was evaluated by ORAC, ABTS•+, DPPH, and metal chelation methods. The anti-inflammatory activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced inflammation in the subcutaneous tissue of male Swiss mice orally pre-treated with the EuL (0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg). The leukocyte influx (optical microscopy) and secretion of chemical mediators (TNF, IL-6, IL-1β and CXCL1, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were quantified in the inflamed exudate. Histological analysis of the pouches was also performed. The anti-hypersensitive activity was investigated using carrageenan-induced mechanical hypersensitivity and mice were then evaluated using the von Frey filaments. The Open Field test was used to evaluate possible interference of adverse effect of EuL on locomotor activity that could lead to misinterpretation of the hypersensitivity evaluation. RESULTS The EuL demonstrated important and moderate reducing capacity on ABTS•+ and DPPH assays, respectively, but with slight activity in ORAC test. It reflects low protection against cell damage. The EuL also presented 30% of phenolic compounds. The phloroglucinols content of EuL was 25.9 mg/g, 18.4 mg/g and 16.6 mg/g of eugenial C, eugenial D and eugenial E, respectively. The in vivo analysis of the inflammatory exudate of EuL-treated mice demonstrated reduction in the polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) migration to the inflamed tissue, as well as the reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Histologically, it was observed evident decrease in the oedema, formed essentially by non-haemorrhagic fibrin exudate, as well as PMN infiltrate, when compared with control mice injected with carrageenan. Furthermore, the extract also presented effective reduction of the mechanical hypersensitivity induced by carrageenan without any interference in animal's locomotor and exploratory activity. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results herein obtained show that EuL presented anti-inflammatory activity by decreasing the influx of PMN to the inflamed tissue, as well as the cytokine IL-1β level. This anti-inflammatory activity was also accompanied by significant anti-hypersensitive effect. The effects presented by EuL seem not to be correlated with an antioxidant activity. However other extract chemical compounds could be responsible for its important anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Claiza Barretta
- Nutrition, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Roberta Nunes
- Pharmacy, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Milena Fronza Broering
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Renata De Faveri
- Biomedicine, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Patrício Corrêa
- Physical Therapy, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Vicente Farias
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Veronica Davila Pastor
- Biomedicine, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil; Nutrition, Courses, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Christiane Meyre-Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Tania Mari Belle Bresolin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Rilton Alves de Freitas
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Santin
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Tian X, Liu H, Xiang F, Xu L, Dong Z. β-Caryophyllene protects against ischemic stroke by promoting polarization of microglia toward M2 phenotype via the TLR4 pathway. Life Sci 2019; 237:116915. [PMID: 31610207 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The objective of the study was to determine whether β-caryophyllene (BCP) exerts a neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury by inhibiting microglial activation and modulating their polarization via the TLR4 pathway. MAIN METHODS Wild-type (WT) and TLR4 knockout (KO) C57BL/6J mice were subjected to cerebral I/R injury and neurologic dysfunction, cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, microglia activation and polarization, and TLR4 expression were determined. In vitro, primary microglia were stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ or IL-4 to induce polarization of microglia toward M1 or M2 phenotypes. KEY FINDINGS BCP reduced cerebral infarct volume, brain edema, and neurologic deficits in WT mice after I/R. The optimal dose of BCP, 72 mg/kg body weight, inhibited microglial activation and reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-6 by microglia of WT mice. BCP inhibited the level of TLR4 in WT mice, and partially reduced neurologic deficits, infarct volume, and brain edema in TLR4 KO mice. Importantly, BCP reduced the number of activated M1-type microglia and increased the number of M2-type microglia in the ipsilateral cortex of both WT and TLR4 KO mice. In vitro, BCP decreased the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines induced by LPS plus IFN-γ, downregulated the level of TLR4 protein, and polarized microglia towards the M2 phenotype. SIGNIFICANCES The decrease in TLR4 activity mediated, at least in part, the anti-inflammatory effects of BCP and its ability to shift microglia polarization from the M1 to M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Tian
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Hailin Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China; Department of Pharmacy, First People's Hospital of Chongqing Liangjiang New District, Chongqing, 401121, China
| | - Fei Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, District of Shapingba, Chongqing, 401331, China.
| | - Zhi Dong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, District of Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Evaluation of protective effects of non-selective cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 against the nitroglycerine-induced acute and chronic animal models of migraine: A mechanistic study. Life Sci 2019; 232:116670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ellagic acid dose and time-dependently abrogates d-galactose-induced animal model of aging: Investigating the role of PPAR-γ. Life Sci 2019; 232:116595. [PMID: 31238053 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The world's population is becoming aged and the proportion of older persons is growing in almost every country in the world. Ellagic acid (EA) shows abundant pharmacological properties. Therefore, we aimed to determine the mechanism of anti-aging effects of low and high doses of EA. MAIN METHODS Aging model was induced by d-galactose (DG), and the anti-aging effect of EA alone or in the presence of PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662, and in combination with metformin were evaluated. The activities of ALT, AST, and AChE, the levels of FBS, HbA1c, testosterone and DHEA-SO4, MDA, GSH, TNF-α, IL-6, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and BDNF were measured in serum, liver or brain. KEY FINDINGS DG led to increasing in the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, MDA, AChE, AGEs, ALT, AST, FBS, and HbA1c, in which decrease in the levels of body weight, GSH, BDNF, DHEA-SO4 and testosterone. Metformin (300 mg/kg) abrogated the effects of DG-induced aging model. We also found that the low dose of EA (30 mg/kg) decreases the deteriorative effects of DG-induced aging at 10 weeks of treatment only, however, high dose of EA (100 mg/kg) was effective at both 6 and 10 weeks of treatment. The addition of GW9662 completely reversed the effects of the low dose of EA, but not for the high dose, on DG-induced aging model. SIGNIFICANCE We revealed that daily and oral administration of EA provides anti-aging effects at low dose in a PPAR-γ receptor-dependent fashion, but not at the high dose.
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Baradaran Rahimi V, Mousavi SH, Haghighi S, Soheili-Far S, Askari VR. Cytotoxicity and apoptogenic properties of the standardized extract of Portulaca oleracea on glioblastoma multiforme cancer cell line (U-87): a mechanistic study. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:165-186. [PMID: 31217780 PMCID: PMC6558513 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The traditional uses of Portulaca oleracea L. (PO) with anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity as well as antioxidants properties were expressed previously. Glioma is considered the most common primary brain tumor and its malignant form is the most lethal adult brain tumor, that glioblastoma covers about 50 % of glioma tumors. The present study was aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptogenic effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract of PO on human glioblastoma cancer cell line (U-87) and the role of NF-κB. Cytotoxicity of the extract in the presence or absence of Vitamin C was evaluated using MTT assay, and the following hypotonic PI and SubG1 peak were performed. Moreover, the reactive oxygen species (ROS), the level of NF-κB protein and nitric oxide (NO) production were investigated. The extract had cytotoxicity and apoptogenic effects on U-87 cells in both the concentration and time-dependent manners. The mechanism of cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction of the extract at the first hours of incubation and low concentrations were dependent on ROS. However, the toxicity was replaced with NO pathway with time-lapse and higher concentrations. Results also indicated that the extract acts as an NF-κB inhibitor with concentration and time-dependent manners. The present study may suggest the anti-NF-κB activity of PO along with two upstream ROS and NO mechanisms. Furthermore, the extract as ethnobotanical may be used as adjunctive anti-cancer therapy against glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hadi Mousavi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soroush Haghighi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sina Soheili-Far
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Askari VR, Baradaran Rahimi V, Assaran A, Iranshahi M, Boskabady MH. Evaluation of the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of Ferula szowitsiana root on PHA-induced inflammation in human lymphocytes. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 43:353-360. [PMID: 30764672 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1572182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is defined as a defensive response of the body against either the endogenous or exogenous triggers, while this process becomes chronic leading to various disorders such as asthma, cancers, and multiple sclerosis. Recently, pharmacological properties of different constituents of F. szowitsiana have been reported. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract of F. szowitsiana root on human isolated lymphocytes. The effects of either F. szowitsiana (10, 40 and 160 μg/ml) or dexamethasone (0.1 mM) were evaluated on the levels of cell proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, and total glutathione content (GSH) as well as the secretion of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] in the presence or absence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation (n = 8 for each group). PHA stimulation notably elevated ROS, NO, MDA, IL-6, and TNF-α levels as well as diminished GSH, CAT and SOD levels. In PHA-stimulated, the results also revealed that F. szowitsiana (10-160 µg/ml) significantly decreased MDA, ROS, NO, IL-6 and TNF-α levels as well as increased CAT, SOD and GSH levels. Collectively, F. szowitsiana is able to attenuate the overproduction of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in the presence of PHA-stimulated T lymphocytes, while to propagate the anti-oxidative defense. Contextually, the plant has promising healing effects in the different inflammatory disorders associated with the interference of the acquired immune system such as multiple sclerosis and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amin Assaran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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