51
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Yang Y, Liu Y, Chai Y, Liu K, Hu W, Zhao K, Zhu Y, Gao P, Huang Q, Zhang C. Exosomes in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:927653. [PMID: 36091791 PMCID: PMC9453030 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.927653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a group of interstitial lung diseases that seriously endanger human life and health. Despite the current advances in research on the pathogenesis and treatment of PF, the overall quality of survival and survival rates of PF patients remain low, prompting the search for more effective therapeutic approaches. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles with diameters ranging from approximately 30–150 nm, capable of transporting a variety of molecules in the body and mediating intercellular communication. There is an increasing number of studies focusing on the role of exosomes in PF. This review demonstrates the significance of exosomes in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of PF. Exosomes are able to influence inflammatory, immune, and extracellular matrix deposition processes in PF and regulate the corresponding cytokines. Some exosomes detected in sputum, blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid may be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for PF. Exosomes derived from several cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells, have demonstrated potential as PF therapeutic agents. Drug delivery systems using exosomes may also provide new insights into PF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilu Chai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Keni Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyang Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyang Gao, ; Qingsong Huang, ; Chuantao Zhang,
| | - Qingsong Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyang Gao, ; Qingsong Huang, ; Chuantao Zhang,
| | - Chuantao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peiyang Gao, ; Qingsong Huang, ; Chuantao Zhang,
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52
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Zhang L, Lin Y, Zhang X, Shan C. Research progress of exosomes in orthopedics. Front Genet 2022; 13:915141. [PMID: 36081990 PMCID: PMC9445804 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.915141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-extracellular vesicles secreted by a variety of cells. They are composed of a double-layer membrane that can transport a variety of proteins, coding and non-coding genes, and bioactive substances. Exosomes participate in information transmission between cells and regulate processes such as cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and phenotypic transformation. They have broad prospects in the occurrence, development, and treatment of many diseases including orthopedics. Exosomes derived from different types of bone cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and their precursors are recognized to play pivotal roles in bone remodeling processes including osteogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and angiogenesis. This articlesummarizes the characteristics of exosomes and their research progress in bone remodeling, bone tumors, vascular skeletal muscle injury, spinal cord injury, degenerative disc diseases, cartilage degeneration, osteoarthritis, necrosis of the femoral head, and osteoporosis.
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Bocci M, Fabbri F, Neves RP, Rossi E. Editorial: Liquid biopsy: A tool for better understanding of the metastatic process ecosystem. Front Oncol 2022; 12:951158. [PMID: 36033488 PMCID: PMC9399825 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.951158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bocci
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University Cancer Centre, Medicon Village, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Matteo Bocci,
| | - Francesco Fabbri
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, Meldola, Italy
| | - Rui P.L. Neves
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Oncology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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54
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Chen W, Zhang Y, Di K, Liu C, Xia Y, Ding S, Shen H, Li Z. A Washing-Free and Easy-to-Operate Fluorescent Biosensor for Highly Efficient Detection of Breast Cancer-Derived Exosomes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:945858. [PMID: 35837545 PMCID: PMC9273779 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.945858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional detection methods for protein tumor markers in the early screening of breast cancer are restricted by complicated operation procedures and unstable reproducibility. As one of alternative emerging tumor markers, exosomes play an important role in diagnosing and treating cancers at the early stage due to traceability of their origins and great involvement in occurrence and development of cancers. Herein, a washing-free and efficient fluorescent biosensor has been proposed to realize simple and straightforward analysis of breast cancer cell-derived exosomes based on high affinity aptamers and G quadruplex-hemin (G4-hemin). The whole reaction process can be completed by several simple steps, which realizes washing-free and labor-saving. With simplified operation procedures and high repeatability, the linear detection range for this developed fluorescent biosensing strategy to breast cancer cell-derived exosomes is from 2.5 × 105 to 1.00 × 107 particles/ml, and the limit of detection is down to 0.54 × 105 particles/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaili Di
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Shijia Ding, ; Han Shen, ; Zhiyang Li,
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shijia Ding, ; Han Shen, ; Zhiyang Li,
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Shijia Ding, ; Han Shen, ; Zhiyang Li,
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Guo W, Qiao T, Dong B, Li T, Liu Q, Xu X. The Effect of Hypoxia-Induced Exosomes on Anti-Tumor Immunity and Its Implication for Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:915985. [PMID: 35812406 PMCID: PMC9257077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.915985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a critical feature of solid tumors and is considered to be a key factor in promoting tumorigenesis and progression. Beyond inducing metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells to adapt to the hypoxia tumor microenvironment (TME), hypoxia can also promote tumor growth by affecting the secretion of exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized (30-150 nm in diameter) extracellular vesicles that can carry numerous substances including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites. Notably, hypoxia-induced exosomes alterations not only exist in tumor cells, but also in various TME cells including stromal cells and immune cells. Besides promoting tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and drug resistance, the secretion of these altered exosomes has recently been found to negatively regulate anti-tumor immune responses. In this review, we focus on the hypoxia-induced changes in exosome secretion and found it can contributes to immune evasion and cancer progression by recruiting protumor immune cells into TME, as well as inhibiting antitumor immune cells. Next, we also describe the recent advances of exosomes in immunotherapy and future direction. In conclusion, ongoing discoveries in this field have brought new insights into hypoxia exosome-led immunosuppression, enabling the development of exosome-based therapeutics and elucidating their potential in immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Guo
- Clinical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Tianyun Qiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Bingwei Dong
- Clinical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Xu, ; Qiang Liu, ; Tian Li,
| | - Qiang Liu
- Clinical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Xu, ; Qiang Liu, ; Tian Li,
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Clinical Research Center, Xianyang Central Hospital, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Xu, ; Qiang Liu, ; Tian Li,
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Bo Y, Yang L, Liu B, Tian G, Li C, Zhang L, Yan Y. Exosomes from human induced pluripotent stem cells-derived keratinocytes accelerate burn wound healing through miR-762 mediated promotion of keratinocytes and endothelial cells migration. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:291. [PMID: 35729564 PMCID: PMC9210631 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of keratinocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs-KCs) may represent a novel cell therapy strategy for burn treatment. There is growing evidence that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are primary mediators of the benefits of stem cell therapy. Herein, we thus explored the effects of exosomes produced by iPSCs-derived keratinocytes (iPSCs-KCs-Exos) in a model of deep second-degree burn wound healing and evaluated the mechanistic basis for the observed activity. Methods iPSCs-KCs-Exos were isolated from conditioned medium of iPSCs-KCs and verified by electron micrograph and size distribution. Next, iPSCs-KCs-Exos were injected subcutaneously around wound sites, and its efficacy was evaluated by measuring wound closure areas, histological examination, and immunohistochemistry staining. The effects of iPSCs-KCs-Exos on proliferation and migration of keratinocytes and endothelial cells in vitro were assessed by EdU staining, wound healing assays, and transwell assay. Then, high-throughput microRNA sequencing was used to explore the underlying mechanisms. We assessed the roles of miR-762 in iPSCs-KCs-Exos-induced regulation of keratinocytes and endothelial cells migration. Furthermore, the target gene which mediated the biological effects of miR-762 in keratinocytes and endothelial cells was also been detected. Results The analysis revealed that iPSCs-KCs-Exos application to the burn wound drove the acceleration of wound closure, with more robust angiogenesis and re-epithelialization being evident. Such iPSCs-KCs-Exos treatment effectively enhanced endothelial cell and keratinocyte migration in vitro. Moreover, the enrichment of miR-762 was detected in iPSCs-KCs-Exos and was found to target promyelocytic leukemia (PML) as a means of regulating cell migration through a mechanism tie to integrin beta1 (ITGB1). Conclusion These results thus provide a foundation for the further study of iPSCs-KCs-Exos as novel cell-free treatments for deep second-degree burns. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Bo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Baiting Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guiping Tian
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Yuan Yan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,NMPA Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Li X, Wang Q, Wang R. Roles of Exosome Genomic DNA in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:923232. [PMID: 35721181 PMCID: PMC9198365 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.923232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that mediate cell-to-cell communication. Bioactive substances such as DNA, RNA, lipids, and proteins are present in it, and they play an essential role in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The role of RNA and protein in exosomes has been extensively studied. Exosome DNA has recently attracted the attention of a great deal of scientists. According to studies, exosome DNA mainly contains genomic DNA (gDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), of which exosome gDNA is widely used in liquid biopsy of CRC. It includes a variety of clinically relevant tumor-specific mutation genes. In addition to liquid biopsy, researchers find that exosome gDNA regulates immune and metabolic functions in CRC, making it an important research object. However, the primary research on exosome gDNA is still limited. Here, we describe the occurrence and composition of exosomes. Summarize the essential characteristics and mode of action of exosome gDNA. Remarkably, this paper constitutes a comprehensive summary on the role of exosome gDNA on CRC with the intent of providing a theoretical basis and reference for early diagnosis and clinical treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuai Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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58
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Wang H, You Y, Zhu X. The Role of Exosomes in the Progression and Therapeutic Resistance of Hematological Malignancies. Front Oncol 2022; 12:887518. [PMID: 35692747 PMCID: PMC9178091 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.887518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane limited structures which derive from cell membranes and cytoplasm. When released into extracellular space, they circulate through the extracellular fluid, including the peripheral blood and tissue fluid. Exosomes surface molecules mediate their targeting to specific recipient cells and deliver their contents to recipient cells by receptor-ligand interaction and/or phagocytosis and/or endocytosis or direct fusion with cell membrane. Exosomes contain many functional molecules, including nucleic acids (DNAs, mRNAs, non-coding RNAs), proteins (transcription factors, enzymes), and lipids which have biological activity. By passing these cargos, exosomes can transfer information between cells. In this way, exosomes are extensively involved in physiological and pathological processes, such as angiogenesis, matrix reprogramming, coagulation, tumor progression. In recent years, researcher have found that exosomes from malignant tumors can mediate information exchange between tumor cells or between tumor cells and non-tumor cells, thereby promoting tumor survival, progression, and resistance to therapy. In this review, we discuss the pro-tumor and anti-therapeutic effects of exosomes in hematological malignancies, hoping to contribute to the early conquest of hematological malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobing Wang
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong You
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojian Zhu,
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Liu K, Gao X, Kang B, Liu Y, Wang D, Wang Y. The Role of Tumor Stem Cell Exosomes in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:836548. [PMID: 35350566 PMCID: PMC8958025 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.836548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid membrane bilayer-encapsulated vesicles secreted by cells into the extracellular space. They carry abundant inclusions (such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids) that play pivotal roles in intercellular communication. Tumor stem cells are capable of self-renewal and are crucial for survival, proliferation, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence of tumors. The miRNAs (microRNAs) in exosomes have various functions, such as participating in inflammatory response, cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Tumor stem cells secrete exosomes that act as important messengers involved in various tumor processes and several studies provide increasing evidence supporting the importance of these exosomes in tumor recurrence and metastasis. This review primarily focuses on the production and secretion of exosomes from tumors and tumor stem cells and their effects on cancer progression. Cancer stem cancer derived exosome play an important massager in the tumor microenvironment. It also emphasizes on the study of tumor stem cell exosomes in the light of cancer metastasis and recurrence aiming to provide valuable insights and novel perspectives, which could be beneficial for developing effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Baoqiang Kang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dingding Wang
- School of Biosciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, ChangChun, China
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Perut F, Tasso R, Mannerström B. Editorial: Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Oncology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:861335. [PMID: 35311099 PMCID: PMC8927731 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.861335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Perut
- Biomedical Sciences and Technologies (BST), Biomedical Sciences and Technologies Lab, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Tasso
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Bettina Mannerström
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and Helsinki, University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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