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Chen D, Yang X, Liu X, He Y, Fan W, Wang H, Lin Y. Efficacy comparison of monotherapies and combination therapies for androgenetic alopecia: A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Dermatol Ther 2021; 35:e15262. [PMID: 34897933 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Even though a variety of treatments for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) currently have been using in clinical, satisfactory therapeutic methods are still lacking. We aimed to compare and rank these treatments for AGA according to their differences in efficacy via Bayesian network meta-analysis, suggesting the optimal therapy for clinical utility to refer. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library database was performed and we included eligible randomized controlled trials. We compared differences in treatment effects of monotherapies and combination therapies using the Bayesian network model. The average difference in alteration from baseline of hair density and hair diameter, and variation value (mean ± SD) between the pre- and post-intervention was selected for main outcome measure and secondary outcome measure. Total 49 RCTs involving 3133 patients and six interventions were included. Regardless of based on hair density or hair diameter, topical/systemic combined with adjunctive therapeutics had the best treatment efficacy among all interventions (MD: 40.11; 95% CrI 25.65-54.59), followed by topical combined with systemic medical therapeutics (MD: 36.41; 95% CrI 17.54-55.24). In addition, in terms of hair density, treatment efficacy had significant difference sequentially among topical medical therapeutics (MD: 22.15; 95% CrI 12.88-31.42), systemic medical therapeutics (MD: 19.91; 95% CrI 6.504-33.22), and adjunctive therapeutics (MD: 18.60; 95% CrI 8.020-29.10) compared to placebo. In recent years, combination therapies are showing significant promise as potential therapies. Taken together with the outcomes of this study, despite the specific mechanism of the effect of combination therapies was not clear and further studies are needed, it may be the best treatment for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Liaobu Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Liaobu Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinghua Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuqing He
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Liaobu Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wenlong Fan
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Liaobu Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China.,Liaobu Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yonghuang Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Yang K, Tang Y, Ma Y, Liu Q, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Shi X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhu Y, Liu W, Tan Y, Lin J, Wu W. Hair Growth Promoting Effects of 650 nm Red Light Stimulation on Human Hair Follicles and Study of Its Mechanisms via RNA Sequencing Transcriptome Analysis. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:553-561. [PMID: 34858007 PMCID: PMC8577899 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.6.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) leads to thinning of scalp hair and affects 60%~70% of the adult population worldwide. Developing more effective treatments and studying its mechanism are of great significance. Previous clinical studies have revealed that hair growth is stimulated by 650-nm red light. Objective This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanism of 650-nm red light on the treatment of AGA by using ex vivo hair follicle culture. Methods Human hair follicles were obtained from hair transplant patients with AGA. Hair follicles were cultured in Williams E medium and treated with or without 650-nm red light. Real-time RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression level of genes and proteins in hair follicles, respectively. RNA-sequencing analysis was carried out to reveal the distinct gene signatures upon 650 nm treatment. Results Low-level 650 nm red light promoted the proliferation of human hair follicles in the experimental cultured-tissue model. Consistently, 650 nm red light significantly delayed the transition of hair cycle from anagen to catagen in vitro. RNA-seq analysis and gene clustering for the differentially expressed genes suggests that leukocyte transendothelial migration, metabolism, adherens junction and other biological process maybe involved in stimulation of hair follicles by 650-nm red light treatment. Conclusion The effect of 650-nm red light on ex vivo hair follicles and the transcriptome set which implicates the role of red light in promoting hair growth and reversing of miniaturization process of AGA were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Six-Sector Industrial Research Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingmei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangguang Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji'an Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, the General Hospital of Air Force, Beijing, China
| | - Yimei Tan
- Department of Skin and Cosmetic Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyu Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Jing'an District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Comparison of structural components and functional mechanisms within the skin vs. the conjunctival surface. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 21:472-479. [PMID: 34387279 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight and compare the structural and functional differences between the ocular surface and the skin. The goal is to further understand how these components interact from an immunobiological standpoint, which may inform future therapeutic uses. RECENT FINDINGS Treatment agents, such as Dupilumab and Apremilast are traditionally indicated for integumentary conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and psoriasis, respectively. Both were also found to have potent effects on the conjunctival surface and ocular glands, which may be attributed to the similarities in structure. SUMMARY Surfaces of the eyes and the skin are found to have similar composition in terms of immunohistology, steroidogenic properties, and allergic mechanisms. These translate directly into both the adverse effects and therapeutic benefits that overlap when treating these surfaces.
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54
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Rusk A, Marathe K, Lucky AW. What the Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Clinician Needs to Know about Acne. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021; 34:591-596. [PMID: 33727191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition encountered in specialties outside of dermatology, including obstetrics and gynecology. The pathophysiology of acne is complex and includes disruption of the cutaneous microbiome, abnormal keratinization, inflammation, and hormonal influences. Various topical and systemic treatment modalities target each component of acne pathophysiology. Clinically, acne can be broken down into noninflammatory, inflammatory, or mixed subtypes. The age of the patient at presentation and signs and symptoms of hormonal imbalance might prompt workup for underlying disorders. The severity as well as type of acne dictates the type of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Rusk
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Kalyani Marathe
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Cincinnati, Ohio; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anne W Lucky
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Cincinnati, Ohio; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Cincinnati, Ohio
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Bielli A, Freitas-de-Melo A, Genovese P, Villagrán M, Tasende C, Ungerfeld R. Androgen and oestrogen receptors in the growing antlers velvet of adult and yearling pampas deer (Ozotoceros bezoarticus) males. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 50:947-955. [PMID: 34549460 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To determine the presence, quantity and distribution of androgen (AR) and oestrogen receptors (ER) in the antler velvet (AV), samples were collected from adult and yearling pampas deer males, as well as skin from the ventrolateral abdominal area (ASK). Samples were analysed with ligand-binding assays for AR and ER activity and processed for AR and ERβ immunohistochemistry. There was more content of AR in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.02), as well as a category and type of tissue interaction (p = 0.03). There was more ER content in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.005) and in the AV than in the skin (p = 0.0001). The AR-positive score (PS) was greater in AV than in ASK in the surface stroma (p = 0.0007). In the intermediate epidermis, the AR PS was greater in adults than in yearling males (p = 0.04) and in the ASK than in the AV (p < 0.0001). There was a male category and type of tissue interaction for AR PS in the sebaceous glands (p = 0.014). The ERβ PS in the surface stroma was greater in ASK than in AV (p = 0.004) and tended to be greater in yearling than in adult males (p = 0.093). The ERβ PS in the intermediate epithelium and the sebaceous glands was greater in adults than in yearlings (p = 0.004 and p = 0.007, respectively). In conclusion, we reported for the first time the presence of AR and ER in the velvet skin of growing antlers in pampas deer males. Therefore, the velvet skin is sensitive to both androgens and oestrogens. Furthermore, the greater content of oestrogen receptors in the velvet of adult males suggests that adults are more sensitive to this hormone than yearlings, and thus, oestrogens have greater importance in velvet activity regulation in adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bielli
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Aline Freitas-de-Melo
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Genovese
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Matías Villagrán
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Celia Tasende
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rodolfo Ungerfeld
- Departamento de Biociencias Veterinarias, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Lasplaces 1620, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Van der Walt M, Neuman-Lee LA, Terletzky PA, Atwood TC, Gese EM, French SS. Measuring adrenal and reproductive hormones in hair from Southern Beaufort Sea polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 310:113807. [PMID: 33964286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) use sea ice to access marine mammal prey. In Alaska's Southern Beaufort Sea, the declining availability of sea ice habitat in summer and fall has reduced opportunities for polar bears to routinely hunt on the ice for seals, their primary prey. This reduced access to prey may result in physiological stress with subsequent potential consequences to reproductive function (physiological changes that accompany reproduction), which can be measured via reproductive hormones. Hormone concentrations in hair can be used as a minimally invasive alternative to serum concentrations, which must come from animal captures. Hair samples also provide a long-term average measurement of hormone concentrations that is not influenced by short-term fluctuations like that of serum. The aim of this study was (1) to determine if a radioimmunoassay could be used to measure adrenal and reproductive hormones in polar bear hair, and (2) to determine what the relationship is between these hormones and other reproductive, condition, and demographic parameters of polar bears. We successfully validated this method for cortisol, progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone through the analysis of hair and serum of 141 free-ranging polar bears. We found that while hair cannot be used to estimate serum hormone concentrations during the breeding season, hormone concentrations in hair can be used to measure reproductive function in polar bears. Further, our findings support trends in previous studies measuring hormone concentrations in serum. We found that adrenal and some reproductive hormones were positively correlated in hair samples of females. Associations between hormone concentrations in hair and serum did not vary relative to reproductive status of adult females. Serum testosterone increased throughout the breeding season for adult males and was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI). Our research supports the use of hair as a measure of reproductive function in polar bears and allows us to monitor the future effects of climate change on polar bear physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilize Van der Walt
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Lorin A Neuman-Lee
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Patricia A Terletzky
- Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Todd C Atwood
- U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, 4210 University Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA.
| | - Eric M Gese
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
| | - Susannah S French
- Department of Biology and the Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA
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Zhang S, Tian H, Sun Y, Li X, Wang W, Ru S. Brightened body coloration in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) serves as an in vivo biomarker for environmental androgens: The example of 17β-trenbolone. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 224:112698. [PMID: 34450427 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In vivo testing systems for environmental androgens are scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of male-specific brightened body coloration in female guppies (Poecilia reticulata) to serve as an in vivo biomarker of environmental androgens using 17β-trenbolone as an example. The high bioaccumulation of 17β-trenbolone in the skin of female guppies suggests that it is a potential target tissue of environmental androgens. The coloration index, pigment cell ultrastructure, pigment levels, sexual attractiveness, and reproductive capability of female guppies were analyzed following 28 days of exposure to 20 ng/L, 200 ng/L, and 2000 ng/L 17β-trenbolone. Increases in the coloration index caused by 17β-trenbolone exposure were attributable to increased pteridine and melanin levels. Decreases in the sexual attractiveness, number of offspring, and survival rate of offspring suggested that the changes in body coloration translated into adverse outcomes. Finally, mRNA sequencing indicated that 17β-trenbolone increased pteridine levels by activating genomic effects of androgen receptor on xanthine dehydrogenase and increased melanin levels by exerting non-genomic effects targeting microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein 1 that were mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinase and calcium signaling pathways. We have derived a robust adverse outcome pathway of environmental androgens, and our findings suggest that indicators at different biological levels related to brightened body coloration in female guppies can serve as less-invasive or noninvasive in vivo biomarkers of short-term exposure to environmental androgens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqiu Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Hua Tian
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China.
| | - Yang Sun
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Xuefu Li
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
| | - Shaoguo Ru
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, China
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Slominski RM, Raman C, Elmets C, Jetten AM, Slominski AT, Tuckey RC. The significance of CYP11A1 expression in skin physiology and pathology. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 530:111238. [PMID: 33716049 PMCID: PMC8205265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CYP11A1, a member of the cytochrome P450 family, plays several key roles in the human body. It catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in steroidogenesis, converting cholesterol to pregnenolone. Aside from the classical steroidogenic tissues such as the adrenals, gonads and placenta, CYP11A1 has also been found in the brain, gastrointestinal tract, immune systems, and finally the skin. CYP11A1 activity in the skin is regulated predominately by StAR protein and hence cholesterol levels in the mitochondria. However, UVB, UVC, CRH, ACTH, cAMP, and cytokines IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα can also regulate its expression and activity. Indeed, CYP11A1 plays several critical roles in the skin through its initiation of local steroidogenesis and specific metabolism of vitamin D, lumisterol, and 7-dehydrocholesterol. Products of these pathways regulate the protective barrier and skin immune functions in a context-dependent fashion through interactions with a number of receptors. Disturbances in CYP11A1 activity can lead to skin pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Slominski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, USA; Department of Dermatology, USA
| | - C Raman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, USA; Department of Dermatology, USA
| | - C Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - A M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, Immunity, Inflammation, Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, USA; VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - R C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Li X, Cheng W, Shang H, Wei H, Deng C. The Interplay between Androgen and Gut Microbiota: Is There a Microbiota-Gut-Testis Axis. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1674-1684. [PMID: 34037957 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota, a large ecosystem interacting with the host, has been shown to affect the health and fitness of the host-microbial superorganism. Increasing evidence suggests that the gut microbiota communicates with distal organs of the host including the brain, liver, and muscle, as well as testis, through various complex mechanisms. So far, we know that the androgen can markedly remodel the gut microbiota and has initiated an interdisciplinary field termed "microgenderome." More recently, the gut microbiota has been found as a major regulator of androgen production and metabolism in turn and even could trespass the blood-testis barrier (BTB) to regulate spermatogenesis, which largely updates the current knowledge on male reproduction. In this review, we provided a brief overview of the context of the gender bias of diseases related to gut microbiota, the sex dimorphism of gut microbiota, and their relationships with androgen. We also summarized the known interaction between the testis and gut microbiota based on published animal studies and tentatively discussed the hypothesis of microbiota-gut-testis axis. Finally, we highlighted the opportunities and challenges underlying the ongoing research. This knowledge may extend our understanding of the role of gut microbiota in male health and microbiota-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangping Li
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haitao Shang
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Precision Medicine Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunhua Deng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Chen F, Hu X, He Y, Huang D. Lipidomics demonstrates the association of sex hormones with sebum. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 20:2015-2019. [PMID: 33751794 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulation of sebocytes by hormones has been unanimously certified by scholars. But how sebocytes are affected has not been fully demonstrated by the regulation of multiple hormones. AIMS The regulation effect of sex hormone on sebocytes was further discussed. PATIENTS/METHODS Based on our previous studies, the changes of skin surface liposomes in different sex hormone levels were analyzed by comprehensive statistics. RESULTS We found that androgen can induce sebocytes to synthesis and secrete more fatty acids (FAs) and triglycerides (TGs) through comprehensive analysis of sebum content and composition, which is inhibited by estrogen. CONCLUSIONS We further confirmed the regulatory effect of hormones on sebocytes from a molecular point of view using lipidomics and found that sex hormones may dominate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueqing Hu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang He
- BayRay Innovation Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dianchao Huang
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
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Effects on Steroid 5-Alpha Reductase Gene Expression of Thai Rice Bran Extracts and Molecular Dynamics Study on SRD5A2. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10040319. [PMID: 33920399 PMCID: PMC8070419 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most potent androgen hormone, is an important aetiologic factor of androgenetic alopecia (AGA), or hair loss. Steroid 5-alpha reductases (SRD5As) increase DHT production in the scalp hair follicles, resulting in hair thinning and hair loss. Even though synthetic SRD5A inhibitors (finasteride and dutasteride) are effective in treating AGA, they cause adverse effects. This has led to an increased interest in alternative treatments from natural sources. The value of Thai rice bran has increased because several of its components may have use in AGA treatment. This study aimed to compare the suppression of the expression of SRD5A genes (type 1–3) exerted by several Thai rice bran extracts and investigate the interactional mechanism of their components towards SRD5A type 2. Tubtim Chumphae rice bran (TRB) had the highest sum of overall bioactive compounds. Among all extracts, the expression of SRD5A genes was suppressed by TRB as well as finasteride. In silico simulation showed that α-tocopherol had the greatest interaction with SRD5A type 2. Our findings identified α-tocopherol as the key bioactive in TRB; it could be developed as an anti-hair loss product. Abstract Steroid 5-alpha reductases (SRD5As) are responsible for the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, a potent androgen, which is the aetiologic factor of androgenetic alopecia. This study aimed to compare the SRD5A gene expression suppression activity exerted by Thai rice bran extracts and their components and investigate the interactional mechanism between bioactive compounds and SRD5A2 using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Bran of Oryza sativa cv. Tubtim Chumphae (TRB), Yamuechaebia Morchor (YRB), Riceberry (RRB), and Malinil Surin (MRB), all rice milling by-products, was solvent-extracted. The ethanolic extract of TRB had the highest sum of overall bioactive compounds (γ-oryzanol; α-, β-, and γ-tocopherol; phenolics; and flavonoids). Among all extracts, TRB greatly downregulated the expression of SRD5A1, SRD5A2, and SRD5A3; there were no significant differences between TRB and finasteride regarding SRD5A suppression. The linear relationship and principal component analysis supported that the α-tocopherol content was correlated with the SRD5A suppression exerted by TRB. Furthermore, MD simulation demonstrated that α-tocopherol had the highest binding affinity towards SRD5A2 by interacting with residues Phe118 and Trp201. Our findings indicate that α-tocopherol effectively downregulates the expression of SRD5A genes and inhibits SRD5A2 activity, actions that are comparable to standard finasteride. TRB, a source of α-tocopherol, could be developed as an anti-hair loss product.
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Nogami M, Zeng F, Inukai J, Watanabe Y, Nishio M, Kanda T, Ueno YR, Sofue K, Kono AK, Hori M, Ohnishi A, Kubo K, Kurimoto T, Murakami T. Physiological skin FDG uptake: A quantitative and regional distribution assessment using PET/MRI. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249304. [PMID: 33770111 PMCID: PMC7997016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively assess the repeatability of physiological F-18 labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake in the skin on positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) and explore its regional distribution and relationship with sex and age. METHODS Out of 562 examinations with normal FDG distribution on whole-body PET/MRI, 74 repeated examinations were evaluated to assess the repeatability and regional distribution of physiological skin uptake. Furthermore, 224 examinations were evaluated to compare differences in the uptake due to sex and age. Skin segmentation on PET was performed as body-surface contouring on an MR-based attenuation correction map using an off-line reconstruction software. Bland-Altman plots were created for the repeatability assessment. Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) with regional distribution, age, and sex. RESULTS The limits of agreement for the difference in SUVmean and SUVmax of the skin were less than 30%. The highest SUVmax was observed in the face (3.09±1.04), followed by the scalp (2.07±0.53). The SUVmax in the face of boys aged 0-9 years and 10-20 years (1.33±0.64 and 2.05±1.00, respectively) and girls aged 0-9 years (0.98±0.38) was significantly lower than that of men aged ≥20 years and girls aged ≥10 years (p<0.001). In women, the SUVmax of the face (2.31±0.71) of ≥70-year-olds was significantly lower than that of 30-39-year-olds (3.83±0.82) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION PET/MRI enabled the quantitative analysis of skin FDG uptake with repeatability. The degree of physiological FDG uptake in the skin was the highest in the face and varied between sexes. Although attention to differences in body habitus between age groups is needed, skin FDG uptake also depended on age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenobu Nogami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Feibi Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junko Inukai
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Mizuho Nishio
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kanda
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshiko R. Ueno
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keitaro Sofue
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Atsushi K. Kono
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihito Ohnishi
- Department of Radiology, Kakogawa Central City Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kubo
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Takamichi Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Wang ZD, Feng Y, Sun L, Gan J, Li X, Ding WF, Chen XM. Anti-androgenetic alopecia effect of policosanol from Chinese wax by regulating abnormal hormone levels to suppress premature hair follicle entry into the regression phase. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111241. [PMID: 33485069 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that policosanol from Chinese wax suppressed testosterone(T)-induced alopecia in mice. However, the underlying mechanism remained to be determined. Herein, we investigated the mechanism of policosanol against androgenetic alopecia (AGA). AGA was induced in Kunming mice by subcutaneous administration of testosterone propionate for 60 d. Policosanol (0.5 %, 1% or 2%) was applied topically on the back of mice. Finasteride (2%) was applied topically as a positive control. The serum T and estradiol (E2) concentrations were determined by ELISA after 28 and 60 days of treatment. The cutaneous expression or activity of key mediators of hair growth, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF), was measured. MTS assay was performed to evaluate cell proliferation in cultured human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) treated with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Western blotting was performed to evaluate the protein expression of Bax, Bcl2, TGF-β2, caspase-9, and caspase-3. We found lower T and T/E2 ratio in mice treated with policosanol than in the model group. Policosanol suppressed premature hair follicle entry into the regression phase, as shown by improving VEGF and EGF expression and ALP activity. The MTS assay showed that policosanol markedly inhibited the apoptosis of DHT-treated DPCs. Western blotting showed that policosanol significantly reduced the protein expression of TGF-β2, cleaved caspese-9, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax, and increased that of Bcl2. The optimal effect was obtained with 12.50 g/mL policosanol. In conclusion, policosanol prevents androgenetic alopecia by regulating hormone levels and suppressing premature hair follicle entry into the regression phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-di Wang
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Environment of Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, 653100, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Research Institute of Resource Insects of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Long Sun
- Research Institute of Resource Insects of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Jin Gan
- Research Institute of Resource Insects of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Xian Li
- Research Institute of Resource Insects of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Feng Ding
- Research Institute of Resource Insects of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Chen
- Research Institute of Resource Insects of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Kunming, 650233, Yunnan, China.
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Bourlond F, Velter C, Cribier B. Androgen receptor expression in epidermal and adnexal tumours. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2021; 148:116-121. [PMID: 33478823 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2020.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Androgen receptor (AR) immunohistochemistry is used in general pathology and in dermatopathology, particularly for sebaceous tumours. The goal of this study was to quantify AR expression in benign and malignant epidermal tumours and adnexal tumours. METHODS We studied AR expression in 301 skin lesions using standard immunohistochemistry and compared 10 trichoblastomas, 10 sebaceomas and 10 hidradenomas using 5 markers (cytokeratin 7 and 8, PHLDA1, BerEp4 and AR). RESULTS The rates of AR expression were: 22% in basal cell carcinomas, 3% in squamous cell carcinomas, 92% in sebaceous tumours, 10% in follicular tumours and 22% in sweat gland tumours. Benign sebaceous tumours were AR+ in 97% of cases. Only 12% of sebaceous carcinomas showed no AR staining. The immunohistochemical profiles of the comparative study were as follows: sebaceoma: AR+, CK7-, CK8-, PHLDA1-, BerEp4-; hidradenoma: AR-, CK7+, CK8+, PHLDA1+, BerEp4+; trichoblastoma: AR-, CK7-, CK8-, PHLDA1+, BerEp4+. DISCUSSION AR staining was positive in 92% of sebaceous tumours, including sebaceomas, in some cases indicative of Muir-Torre syndrome. AR staining is therefore highly sensitive for the diagnosis of sebaceous tumours, but it is non-specific and is best used in combination with other antibodies, notably anti-CK8 and PHLDA1, particularly to distinguish sebaceoma from hidradenoma or trichoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bourlond
- Dermatology clinic, Strasbourg university hospital, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France.
| | - C Velter
- Dermatology clinic, Strasbourg university hospital, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - B Cribier
- Dermatology clinic, Strasbourg university hospital, 1, place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg, France
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Ceruti JM, Oppenheimer FM, Leirós GJ, Balañá ME. Androgens downregulate BMP2 impairing the inductive role of dermal papilla cells on hair follicle stem cells differentiation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 520:111096. [PMID: 33259912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hair follicle cyclical regeneration is regulated by epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. During androgenetic alopecia (AGA), hair follicle stem cells (HFSC) differentiation is impaired by deregulation of dermal papilla cells (DPC) secreted factors. We analyzed androgen influence on BMPs expression in DPC and their effect on HFSC differentiation to hair lineage. Androgens downregulated BMP2 and BMP4 in DPC spheroids. Addition of BMP2 restored alkaline phosphatase activity, marker of hair-inductivity in DPC, and DPC-induced HFSC differentiation, both inhibited by androgens. Concomitantly, in differentiating HFSC, an upregulation of BMPRIa and BMPRII receptors and nuclear β-catenin accumulation, indicative of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, were detected. Our results present BMP2 as an androgen-downregulated paracrine factor that contributes to DPC inductivity and favors DPC-induced HFSC differentiation to hair lineage, possibly through a crosstalk with Wnt/β-catenin pathway. A comprehensive understanding of androgen-deregulated DPC factors and their effects on differentiating HFSC would help to improve treatments for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta María Ceruti
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein - (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET- Fundación Pablo Cassará), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina
| | - Florencia Maia Oppenheimer
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein - (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET- Fundación Pablo Cassará), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina
| | - Gustavo José Leirós
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein - (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET- Fundación Pablo Cassará), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina
| | - María Eugenia Balañá
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Dr. César Milstein - (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET- Fundación Pablo Cassará), Saladillo 2468, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina.
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Microneedles mediated bioinspired lipid nanocarriers for targeted treatment of alopecia. J Control Release 2020; 329:1-15. [PMID: 33227337 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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67
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Anwar A, Kamran Ul Hassan S. Two Percentage of Ketoconazole Cream for the Treatment of Adult Female Acne: A Placebo-Controlled Trial. Cureus 2020; 12:e11581. [PMID: 33364105 PMCID: PMC7749847 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Our objective was to determine the efficacy of ketoconazole (KTZ) 2% cream for the treatment of mild adult female acne (AFA). Materials and methods This placebo-controlled trial was conducted in District Headquarters (DHQ) Teaching Hospital, Sahiwal, Pakistan. The study was completed in a period of January 2019-June 2020. A total of 60 females of age > 25 years having mild AFA were included. In Group I, the patients were advised to apply 2.0% KTZ cream covering the whole skin area twice daily for a period of eight weeks. In Group II (placebo group) patients, a topical cream containing propylene glycol was applied for similar period. After eight weeks, the cream was discontinued and participants were advised to use routine skincare products, and follow-up was done after two weeks. The main study outcome was reduction in the total count of acne lesions including both inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions and overall success rate of treatment. Results Mean age was 36.2 ± 6.3 years in KTZ group versus 35.4 ± 6.5 years in control group. Mean duration of acne was 14.3 ± 7.3 years in KTZ group versus 15.1 ± 6.9 years in control group. Improvement in facial adult female acne scoring tool (AFAST) scale (AFAST-F) was observed in 13 (43.3%) patients in KTZ group and in only 4 (13.3%) patients in control group (p value = 0.009). Improvement in submandibular AFAST (AFAST-S) was observed in 12 (40.0%) patients in KTZ group and in eight (26.7%) patients in control group. The overall success rate of treatment was 14 (46.7%) in KTZ group versus 4 (13.3%) in control group (p value = 0.012). Conclusions In our study, we found significant improvement in reduction of acne lesions as well as complete recovery using 2.0% ketoconazole for the treatment of mild AFA. So KTZ can be used as a preferred treatment option for these patients.
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68
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Vargas-Mora P, Morgado-Carrasco D. Uso de la espironolactona en dermatología: acné, hidradenitis supurativa, alopecia femenina e hirsutismo. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020; 111:639-649. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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69
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Vargas-Mora P, Morgado-Carrasco D. Spironolactone in Dermatology: Uses in Acne, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Female Pattern Hair Loss, and Hirsutism. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adengl.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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70
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Briganti S, Flori E, Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M. Acne as an altered dermato‐endocrine response problem. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:833-839. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Briganti
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Enrica Flori
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Arianna Mastrofrancesco
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
| | - Monica Ottaviani
- Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS Rome Italy
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71
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Sha K, Chen M, Liu F, Xu S, Wang B, Peng Q, Zhang Y, Xie H, Li J, Deng Z. Platelet factor 4 inhibits human hair follicle growth and promotes androgen receptor expression in human dermal papilla cells. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9867. [PMID: 32953277 PMCID: PMC7476492 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been reported recently as a potential therapeutic approach for alopecia, such as androgenetic alopecia, but the exact mechanisms and effects of specific components of this recipe remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified that platelet factor 4 (PF4), a component of PRP, significantly suppressed human hair follicle growth and restrained the proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs). Furthermore, our results showed that PF4 upregulated androgen receptor (AR) in human dermal papilla cells in vitro and via hair follicle organ culture. Among the hair growth-promoting and DP-signature genes investigated, PF4 decreased the expression of Wnt5a, Wnt10b, LEF1, HEY1 and IGF-1, and increased DKK1 expression, but did not affect BMP2 and BMP4 expression. Collectively, Our data demonstrate that PF4 suppresses human hair follicle growth possibly via upregulating androgen receptor signaling and modulating hair growth-associated genes, which provides thought-provoking insights into the application and optimization of PRP in treating hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sha
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Xiangya International Academy of Translational Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfen Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - San Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ben Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qinqin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yiya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Radiation Oncology Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Open-label, long-term extension study to evaluate the safety of clascoterone (CB-03-01) cream, 1% twice daily, in patients with acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 83:477-485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
The hair cycle and hair follicle structure are highly affected by various hormones. Androgens—such as testosterone (T); dihydrotestosterone (DHT); and their prohormones, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and androstendione (A)—are the key factors in terminal hair growth. They act on sex-specific areas of the body, converting small, straight, fair vellus hairs into larger darker terminal hairs. They bind to intracellular androgen receptors in the dermal papilla cells of the hair follicle. The majority of hair follicles also require the intracellular enzyme 5-alpha reductase to convert testosterone into DHT. Apart from androgens, the role of other hormones is also currently being researched—e.g., estradiol can significantly alter the hair follicle growth and cycle by binding to estrogen receptors and influencing aromatase activity, which is responsible for converting androgen into estrogen (E2). Progesterone, at the level of the hair follicle, decreases the conversion of testosterone into DHT. The influence of prolactin (PRL) on hair growth has also been intensively investigated, and PRL and PRL receptors were detected in human scalp skin. Our review includes results from many analyses and provides a comprehensive up-to-date understanding of the subject of the effects of hormonal changes on the hair follicle.
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Crocco EI, Bonifácio EB, Facchini G, da Silva GH, da Silva MS, Pinheiro ALTA, Avelar PVF, Eberlin S. Modulation of skin androgenesis and sebum production by a dermocosmetic formulation. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:360-365. [PMID: 32433801 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive androgenesis in the skin promotes sebaceous hyperproduction which is the onset of acne vulgaris pathogenesis. Free fatty acids and lipid accumulation in the glandular infundibulum culminates in microbiota imbalance, triggering inflammatory response and follicular hyperkeratinization. AIMS The purpose of this work was to present an alternative cosmetic treatment for acne skin care, focusing on the prevention of sebaceous gland dysregulation. METHODS Insulin-stimulated human sebocytes were treated with noncytotoxic concentrations of a DTRW cosmetic formulation. After 6 days of incubation, cell lysates were collected for testosterone, 5α-reductase, and dyhidrotestosterone (DHT) quantitation. In parallel, cells were stained with Oil Red O to measure sebum production. RESULTS Human sebocytes were incubated with insulin to mimic a seborrheic microenvironment with overproduction of intracellular lipids and fatty acids. Concomitant incubation of cell cultures with DRTW was able to promote a 52.97% reduction in intracellular lipid content. The anti-androgenic properties of DRTW had been proved by the reductions of testosterone (↓59.90%), 5α reductase (↓59.34%), and DHT (↓55.98%) levels in sebocyte cultures also stimulated with insulin. CONCLUSION The results indicate a promising action of DRTW cosmetic formulation in preventing the development of acne lesions by mechanisms involving the modulation of cutaneous androgenesis and consequently the control of sebum overproduction, considered one of the leading causes of acne.
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Crosstalk between androgen and Wnt/β-catenin leads to changes of wool density in FGF5-knockout sheep. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:407. [PMID: 32472005 PMCID: PMC7260202 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) is a famous dominant inhibitor of anagen phase of hair cycle. Mutations of FGF5 gene result in a longer wool in mice, donkeys, dogs, cats, and even in human eyelashes. Sheep is an important source of wool production. How to improve the production of wool quickly and effectively is an urgent problem to be solved. In this study, we generated five FGF5-knockout Dorper sheep by the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The expression level of FGF5 mRNA in knockout (KO) sheep decreased significantly, and all FGF5 proteins were dysfunctional. The KO sheep displayed a significant increase in fine-wool and active hair-follicle density. The crosstalk between androgen and Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream of FGF5 gene plays a key role. We established downstream signaling cascades for the first time, including FGF5, FGFR1, androgen, AR, Wnt/β-catenin, Shh/Gli2, c-MYC, and KRTs. These findings further improved the function of FGF5 gene, and provided therapeutic ideas for androgen alopecia.
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Integral Roles of Specific Proteoglycans in Hair Growth and Hair Loss: Mechanisms behind the Bioactivity of Proteoglycan Replacement Therapy with Nourkrin® with Marilex® in Pattern Hair Loss and Telogen Effluvium. Dermatol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8125081. [PMID: 32425997 PMCID: PMC7222612 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8125081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular proteoglycans are key players with structural, functional, and regulatory roles in the growth and cycling behaviour of the hair follicles. The expression pattern of specific proteoglycans is strongly correlated with follicular phase transitions, which further affirms their functional involvement. Research shows that bioactive proteoglycans, e.g., versican and decorin, can actively trigger follicular phase shift by their anagen-inducing, anagen-maintaining, and immunoregulatory properties. This emerging insight has led to the recognition of “dysregulated proteoglycan metabolism” as a plausible causal or mediating pathology in hair growth disorders in both men and women. In support of this, declined expression of proteoglycans has been reported in cases of anagen shortening and follicular miniaturisation. To facilitate scientific communication, we propose designating this pathology “follicular hypoglycania (FHG),” which results from an impaired ability of follicular cells to replenish and maintain a minimum relative concentration of key proteoglycans during anagen. Lasting FHG may advance to structural decay, called proteoglycan follicular atrophy (PFA). This process is suggested to be an integral pathogenetic factor in pattern hair loss (PHL) and telogen effluvium (TE). To address FHG and PFA, a proteoglycan replacement therapy (PRT) program using oral administration of a marine-derived extract (Nourkrin® with Marilex®, produced by Pharma Medico Aps, Aarhus, Denmark) containing specific proteoglycans has been developed. In clinical studies, this treatment significantly reduced hair fall, promoted hair growth, and improved quality of life in patients with male- and female-pattern hair loss. Accordingly, PRT (using Nourkrin® with Marilex®) can be recommended as an add-on treatment or monotherapy in patients with PHL and TE.
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Identification and characterization of circRNAs in the skin during wool follicle development in Aohan fine wool sheep. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:187. [PMID: 32111155 PMCID: PMC7048093 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aohan fine wool sheep (AFWS) is a historically bred fine wool sheep, cultivated in China. The wool has excellent quality and good textile performance. Investigating the molecular mechanisms that regulate wool growth is important to improve wool quality and yield. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed non-coding RNAs that can act as competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) to bind to miRNAs. Although circRNAs have been studied in many fields, research on their activity in sheep wool follicles is limited. To understand the regulation of circRNAs in the growth of fine wool in sheep, we used RNA-Seq to identify circRNAs in sheep shoulder skin samples at three developmental stages: embryonic day 90 (E90d), embryonic day 120 (E120d), and at birth (Birth). RESULTS We identified 8753 circRNAs and found that 918 were differentially-expressed. We then analyzed the classification and characteristic of the circRNAs in sheep shoulder skin. Using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we identified the source genes of circRNAs, which were mainly enriched in cellular component organization, regulation of primary metabolic processes, tight junctions, and the cGMP-PKG and AMPK signaling pathways. In addition, we predicted interactions between 17 circRNAs and eight miRNAs, using miRanda software. Based on the significant pathways, we speculate that circ_0005720, circ_0001754, circ_0008036, circ_0004032, circ_0005174, circ_0005519, and circ_0007826 might play an important role in regulating wool follicle growth in AFWS. Seven circRNAs were randomly selected to validate the RNA-Seq results, using qRT-PCR. CONCLUSION Our results provide more information about circRNAs regulation of wool follicle development in AFWS, and establish a solid foundation for future research.
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Chen X, Liu B, Li Y, Han L, Tang X, Deng W, Lai W, Wan M. Dihydrotestosterone Regulates Hair Growth Through the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in C57BL/6 Mice and In Vitro Organ Culture. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1528. [PMID: 32038233 PMCID: PMC6989660 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is the most potent androgen that regulates hair cycling. Hair cycling involves cross-talk between the androgen and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. However, how DHT regulates hair follicle (HF) growth through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway has not been well investigated. This study aimed to investigate the roles of DHT in hair growth in vivo and in vitro. Human scalp HFs were treated with different concentrations of DHT (10-5, 10-6, 10-7, 10-8, and 10-9 mol/L) for 10 days. The effects of DHT on hair shaft elongation, the proliferation of hair matrix cells, and the levels of β-catenin, GSK-3β, and phosphorylated GSK-3β (ser9) were evaluated in the cultured HFs. The effects of DHT were further investigated in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, the growth of cultured human HFs was observed after interfering with the β-catenin pathway through inhibitors or activators in the presence or absence of DHT. We found that different concentrations of DHT had different effects on human HFs in vitro and C57BL/6 mice. At 10-6 mol/L, DHT inhibited HF growth and β-catenin/p-GSK-3β expression, whereas 10-7 mol/L DHT induced HF growth and β-catenin/p-GSK-3β expression. In addition, a β-catenin inhibitor (21H7) inhibited HF growth in vitro, while a β-catenin activator (IM12) promoted HF growth in vitro and antagonized the inhibition of HFs by high levels of DHT. These results suggest that DHT plays a pivotal role in region-specific hair growth, which may be related to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Hexian Medical Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Guangzhou Eight People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Le Han
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjia Deng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaojian Wan
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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79
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Song L, Cui Y, Xiao L, Yu S, He J. DHT and E2 synthesis-related proteins and receptors expression in male yak skin during different hair follicle stages. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 286:113245. [PMID: 31415730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and 17β-estradiol (E2) are sex hormones that regulate human hair follicle (HF) growth and are produced by peripheral reduction and aromatization of testosterone. However, the expression patterns of DHT and E2 synthesis-related proteins and their receptors in male yak skin during different HF stages (telogen, anagen, and catagen) are unknown. In this study, we found that both 5α-red and androgen receptor (AR) were expressed in epithelial cells and AR was expressed in the dermal papilla. Additionally, the transcription level of 5α-red1 at different HF stages was significantly higher than that of 5α-red2 mRNA at the same stage; 5α-red1 and 5α-red2 proteins peaked during the anagen and telogen periods of HF, respectively. However, AR protein was only expressed in the skin during the anagen phase of HF. Aromatase and estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ) were expressed in cutaneous epithelial cells, whereas ERα and ERβ were expressed in the dermal papilla; the transcription level of ERα in HFs at each stage was much higher than that of ERβ. From the catagen to telogen phase, aromatase protein expression was down-regulated, while ERα protein expression was up-regulated. Based on our results, we speculate that 5α-red1 is essential for the synthesis of DHT in male yak skin epithelial cells and promotes the growth of HFs through AR. E2 synthesized by male yak skin epithelial cells may inhibit the growth of male yak skin HFs by ERα. These results provide a foundation for further study on the mechanism of hormone-regulated male yak skin HFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangli Song
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Laboratory of Veterinary Obstetrics, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- Gansu Province Livestock Embryo Engineering Research Center, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Junfeng He
- Laboratory of Animal Anatomy & Tissue Embryology, Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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80
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Kapelari K. Besonderheiten des Haarwuchses und -verlustes in der Pubertät. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00112-019-00766-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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81
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Lephart ED. Human scalp hair: Modulation by various factors and hormones do estrogens inhibit or stimulate—A perplexing perspective. J Cosmet Dermatol 2019; 18:1860-1865. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D. Lephart
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology and The Neuroscience Center, College of Life Science Brigham Young University Provo Utah
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82
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Chottawornsak N, Chongpison Y, Asawanonda P, Kumtornrut C. Topical 2% ketoconazole cream monotherapy significantly improves adult female acne: A double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Dermatol 2019; 46:1184-1189. [PMID: 31599059 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of bacterial resistance is a global crisis. Prolonged use of antibiotics especially in acne is one issue of concern among dermatologists. Ketoconazole (KTZ) cream, a topical antifungal with anti-inflammatory and antiandrogenic actions, can decrease lipase activity of Cutibacterium acnes in vitro. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of KTZ cream in mild adult female acne (AFA) by conducting a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial using KTZ 2% and placebo cream twice daily for 10 weeks. We assessed the improvement of clinical severity, measured by AFA score graded by investigators and participants, and the change of acne count. Forty-one participants enrolled in our study. The proportion of participants with acne improvement from baseline (42.9% vs 9.5%, P = 0.015) and the success rate (45.0% vs 14.3%, P = 0.043) in the KTZ group were significantly higher than that of the placebo group. The most common adverse events were dryness and itching. The percentage change of acne count decreased significantly compared with baseline but did not differ statistically between the two groups (P = 0.268). We concluded that the KTZ monotherapy showed a plausible effect in improving AFA with excellent safety profile. It should be considered as a viable option for mild AFA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natcha Chottawornsak
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,The Thai Red Cross Society of Thailand, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuda Chongpison
- Research Affairs, Center for Excellence in Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pravit Asawanonda
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,The Thai Red Cross Society of Thailand, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chanat Kumtornrut
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,The Thai Red Cross Society of Thailand, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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83
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Pompéia S, Zanini GDAV, Freitas RSD, Inacio LMC, Silva FCD, Souza GRD, Vitalle MSDS, Niskier SR, Cogo-Moreira H. Adapted version of the Pubertal Development Scale for use in Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2019; 53:56. [PMID: 31432913 PMCID: PMC6703897 DOI: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether scores in an adapted version of the self-assessment Pubertal Development Scale into Portuguese match those from the gold standard in pubertal development (Tanner scale). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 133 children and adolescents aged nine to 17 years (59 males; mean age of 13 years and six months, with standard deviation = 25 months). Youngsters completed the Pubertal Development Scale and were then examined by specialists in adolescent medicine. RESULTS Exact absolute agreement of pubertal stages were modest, but significant associations between measures (correlation; intra-class correlation coefficients of consistency) showed that the Pubertal Development Scale adequately measures changes that map onto pubertal development determined by physical examination, on par with international publications. Furthermore, scores obtained from each Pubertal Development Scale question reflected adequate gonadal and adrenal events assessed by clinical ratings, mostly with medium/high effect sizes. Latent factors obtained from scores on all Pubertal Development Scale questions had excellent fit indices in Confirmatory Factor Analyses and correlated with Tanner staging. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that self-assessment of body changes by youngsters using the Portuguese version of the Pubertal Development Scale is useful when estimates of pubertal progression are sufficient, and exact agreement with clinical staging is not necessary. The Pubertal Development Scale is, therefore, a reliable instrument for use in large-scale studies in Brazil that aim at investigating adolescent health related to pubertal developmental. The translated version and scoring systems are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Pompéia
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Departamento de Psicobiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Rafaella Sales de Freitas
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Flávia Calanca da Silva
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Giovana Ribeiro de Souza
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Setor de Medicina do Adolescente. Departamento de Pediatria. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Sheila Rejane Niskier
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Setor de Medicina do Adolescente. Departamento de Pediatria. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Hugo Cogo-Moreira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Departamento de Psiquiatria. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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84
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Rossi A, D'Arino A, Pigliacelli F, Caro G, Muscianese M, Fortuna MC, Carlesimo M. The diagnosis of androgenetic alopecia in children: Considerations of pathophysiological plausibility. Australas J Dermatol 2019; 60:e279-e283. [PMID: 31168786 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), one of the most common causes of hair loss in men and women, is an infrequent cause of alopecia in children. In AGA, patients generally start noticing hair thinning after the onset of puberty due to progressive miniaturisation of the hair follicle which leads to vellus transformation of terminal hair. However, the occurrence of prepubertal AGA has rarely been reported in the literature. The pathophysiology of AGA is tightly linked to androgen hormones; prepubertal children do not usually produce significant amounts of adrenal or gonadal androgens. When it does occur, an underlying abnormality should be suspected. Secondary causes of AGA must be excluded when evaluating a patient before the appearance of puberty. Premature puberty, polycystic ovarian syndrome and other causes of hyperandrogenism can present with hair loss in an androgenetic pattern. This article reviews the normal physiology of androgen hormones and their role in the pathophysiology of childhood AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, UOC Dermatology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea D'Arino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, UOC Dermatology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia Pigliacelli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, UOC Dermatology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Caro
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, UOC Dermatology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Muscianese
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, UOC Dermatology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Fortuna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, UOC Dermatology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Carlesimo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, UOC Dermatology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
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85
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Clayton R, Göbel K, Niessen C, Paus R, Steensel M, Lim X. Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis. Br J Dermatol 2019; 181:677-690. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R.W. Clayton
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester U.K
| | - K. Göbel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Department of Dermatology Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne The University of Cologne Germany
| | - C.M. Niessen
- Department of Dermatology Cologne Excellence Cluster on Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), and Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne The University of Cologne Germany
| | - R. Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester, and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester U.K
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL U.S.A
| | - M.A.M. Steensel
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - X. Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore
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86
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Assay validation of hair androgens across the menstrual cycle. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:175-181. [PMID: 30469084 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saliva is a common noninvasive biofluid for measuring stress and sex hormones, yet one pressing limitation is that salivary hormones fluctuate momentarily, daily, and (for girls) across the menstrual cycle. Hair steroid assays are thought to provide a cumulative index which collapses across hormonal variability, potentially eliminating the confound of daily and menstrual cyclicity and thereby reflecting individual differences in average hormone levels. Here we seek to validate a hair bioassay methodology and test whether hair androgens accurately measure long-term, stable androgen levels in emerging adult women across two menstrual cycles. METHODS Hair samples were collected at the end of each menstrual cycle for two cycles, and saliva samples were collected in the morning once per week across two menstrual cycles (N = 11 women). Hair samples were segmented by 1 cm for the first 4 cm to reflect the hormone levels of the past four serial months. Hair samples were assayed using commercially-available enzyme-immuno-assays for testosterone and DHEA. RESULTS Hair androgen concentrations were significantly correlated with averaged saliva hormone levels (DHEA: r = .75, p < .05; Testosterone: r = .67, p < .05). With respect to hair hormone stability, there were significant correlations for almost all the pairs of two 1 cm hair segments collected in two months that corresponded to the same time period. Hair androgens in one segment were significantly correlated with those in next segment. Regarding salivary androgen stability, the intra-class correlation across the weekly saliva samples indicated that for DHEA 59% of the total variance was within person and 41% was between person; and for testosterone 91% of the total variance was between person, and only 9% within person. DISCUSSION Results suggest that a one-time measure of hair provides a valid and reliable estimate of average steroid levels across two months. Moreover, whereas saliva measures of androgen levels capture week-to-week fluctuations in steroids, hair samples provide information on individual differences in average exposure to steroids, across long periods of time, such as months. Results are encouraging that hair DHEA and testosterone reflects the cumulative hormonal concentration and can be used as a stable hormonal index. Results also indicate that it is feasible to collect the first 3-4 centimeters of hair for studies of stable hormone levels.
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87
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Kumtornrut C, Yamauchi T, Koike S, Aiba S, Yamasaki K. Androgens modulate keratinocyte differentiation indirectly through enhancing growth factor production from dermal fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 93:150-158. [PMID: 30792099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main pathogenesis of acne vulgaris is increase in sebum production and abnormal keratinization of the hair infundibulum. The androgens are involved in acne pathogenesis by modulating sebaceous glands to enhance sebum production. However, the molecular mechanisms of abnormal keratinization of the hair infundibulum are not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that the androgens affect the dermal fibroblasts, another androgen receptor-positive cells in the skin, resulting in abnormal keratinization through keratinocyte-fibroblast interaction. METHODS We investigated effects of androgens and estrogens on growth factors expressions by RT-PCR and western blot analysis in human fibroblast (hFB), human keratinocyte (hKC), and fibroblast-keratinocyte co-culture. In vivo, we examined the growth factor expression in acne lesions compared to normal hair follicles by laser-assisted confocal microscope. RESULTS In vitro, androgens but not estrogens significantly increased amphiregulin (AREG), epiregulin (EREG), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 10, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP) 5 mRNA and protein expressions in human fibroblasts but not in keratinocytes. In vivo, AREG, EREG, FGF10, and IGFBP5 were more abundant in acne lesion compared to normal facial skin. FGF10 suppressed cytokeratin 1 and cytokeratin 10 expression in hKC, which was along with the decreased ratio of cytokeratin 10 against cytokeratin 14 in acne lesions compared to normal facial skin. Also, DHT suppressed cytokeratin 1 and cytokeratin 10, in fibroblast-keratinocyte co-culture similarly to the effect of FGF10 to hKC. CONCLUSION These observations suggested that androgens enhance growth factors production from dermal fibroblasts, and growth factors from fibroblasts alter keratinocyte differentiation in acne lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanat Kumtornrut
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan; Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Saaya Koike
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
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88
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Polansky H, Kestenbaum EH. Male‐pattern baldness, common latent viruses, and microcompetition. J Cosmet Dermatol 2018; 17:1286-1287. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Polansky
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD) Valley Cottage New York
| | - Emily H Kestenbaum
- The Center for the Biology of Chronic Disease (CBCD) Valley Cottage New York
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89
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Coskuner ER, Ozkan B, Culha MG. Sexual Problems of Men With Androgenic Alopecia Treated With 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors. Sex Med Rev 2018; 7:277-282. [PMID: 30301703 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 5-Alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) are widely used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and androgenic alopecia (AGA). AIM To examine all available data on the effects of 5-ARIs on sexual functioning in AGA treatment and to assess whether 5-ARIs increase the risk of sexual dysfunction. METHODS A literature review of publications at PubMed related to the subject was used. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We assessed erectile dysfunction, ejaculation impairment, and decreased libido. RESULTS 5-ARIs may cause side effects such as erectile dysfunction, ejaculation problems, and decreased libido in patients. Their long-term impact and precise mechanism have not been clarified. Data from studies on 5-ARIs are important for drug selection and patient counseling. More training and awareness is needed for clinicians and patients to recover many patients from sexual adverse effects. CONCLUSION 5-ARIs used in the treatment of AGA have well-defined side effects, which can negatively affect sexual life. It is unknown and unpredictable which men using these drugs may be subject to these side effects and when these effects may appear. Studies have been insufficient to provide a clear answer to this question. Coskuner ER, Ozkan B, Culha MG. Sexual Problems of Men With Androgenic Alopecia Treated With 5-Alpha Reductase Inhibitors. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:277-282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enis Rauf Coskuner
- Department of Urology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Burak Ozkan
- Department of Urology, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gokhan Culha
- Department of Urology, University of Health Sciences, Okmeydani Training & Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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90
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Liu Y, Zhang J, Xu Q, Kang X, Wang K, Wu K, Fang M. Integrated miRNA-mRNA analysis reveals regulatory pathways underlying the curly fleece trait in Chinese tan sheep. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:360. [PMID: 29751742 PMCID: PMC5948824 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tan sheep is an indigenous Chinese breed well known for its beautiful curly fleece. One prominent breed characteristic of this sheep breed is that the degree of curliness differs markedly between lambs and adults, but the molecular mechanisms regulating the shift are still not well understood. In this study, we identified 49 differentially expressed (DE) microRNAs (miRNAs) between Tan sheep at the two stages through miRNA-seq, and combined the data with that in our earlier Suppression Subtractive Hybridization cDNA (SSH) library study to elucidate the mechanisms underlying curly fleece formation. Results Thirty-six potential miRNA-mRNA target pairs were identified using computational methods, including 25 DE miRNAs and 10 DE genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. With the differential expressions between lambs and adults confirmed by qRT-PCR, some miRNAs were already annotated in the genome, but some were novel miRNAs. Inhibition of KRT83 expression by miR-432 was confirmed by both gene knockdown with siRNA and overexpression, which was consistent with the miRNAs and targets prediction results. Conclusion Our study represents the comprehensive analysis of mRNA and miRNA in Tan sheep and offers detailed insight into the development of curly fleece as well as the potential mechanisms controlling curly hair formation in humans. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4736-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Liu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jibin Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Qiao Xu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Kang
- College of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejun Wang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Keliang Wu
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meiying Fang
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, MOA Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Rd, 100194, Beijing, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Luo J, Chen M, Liu Y, Xie H, Yuan J, Zhou Y, Ding J, Deng Z, Li J. Nature-derived lignan compound VB-1 exerts hair growth-promoting effects by augmenting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in human dermal papilla cells. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4737. [PMID: 29761053 PMCID: PMC5947041 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitexin is a kind of lignan compound which has been shown to possess a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-cancer activities. However the effect of vitexin on hair regeneration has not been elaborated. Methods The proliferation of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) was examined by cell counting and continuous cell culture after vitexin compound 1 (VB-1) was treated. The expression of lef1, wnt5a, bmp2, bmp4, alpl and vcan was examined by RT-PCR. The expression of dkk1, tgf-β1, active-β-Catenin, and AXIN2 was examined by RT-PCR or immunoblotting. Hair shaft growth was measured in the absence or presence of VB-1. Results We demonstrated that VB-1 significantly promotes the proliferation of hDPCs in a concentration-dependent manner within a certain concentration range. Among the hair growth-related genes investigated, dkk1 was clearly down-regulated in hDPCs treated with VB-1. The increased active β-Catenin and decreased AXIN2 protein levels suggest that VB-1 facilitates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hDPCs in vitro. The expression of DP signature genes was also upregulated after VB-1 treatment. Our study further indicated that VB-1 promotes human hair follicle (HF) growth by HF organ culture assay. Discussion VB-1 may exert hair growth-promoting effects via augmenting Wnt/β-catenin signaling in hDPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieshu Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Gibson
- Centre for Inflammatory Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France, Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Philippa T K Saunders
- Centre for Inflammatory Research, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France, Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Iain J McEwan
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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