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Han G, Lei K, Xu H, He F. Genetic characterization of a novel recombinant PRRSV2 from lineage 8, 1 and 3 in China with significant variation in replication efficiency and cytopathic effects. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:1574-1584. [PMID: 31975574 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are four major porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV2) lineages circulating in China based on classification system, including lineages 1 (NADC30-like), 3 (QYYZ-like), 5.1 (VR2332-like) and 8 (JXA1-like/CH-1a-Like), which leads to the potential recombination. In the present study, a novel variant of PRRSV2 strain named JS18-3 was isolated from piglets suffering severe breathing difficulties in Jiangsu Province of China in 2018. Full-length genome analysis indicated that JS18-3 shared 86.5%, 87.9%, 84.2%, 82.2% and 86.4% nucleotide similarity with PRRSVs CH-1a, JXA1, VR2332, QYYZ and NADC30, respectively. 4871-6635 of JS18-3 shared the highest identity of 99.3% in nucleotide sequence with HP-PRRSV representative strain JXA1 indicating ongoing evolution to HP-PRRSV. JS18-3 was classified into classical lineage 8 of PRRSV2 based on phylogenetic analysis of complete genome and ORF5. Genomic break points in structural (ORF3) and non-structural (NSP2, NSP3) regions of genomes were detected in recombination analysis. JS18-3 is a recombinant isolate from lineages 8, 1 and 3. Replication enhancement and severe cytopathic effects caused by JS18-3 were observed in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) as compared to JX07, a typical strain of lineage 8. Pathogenicity results indicated that piglets inoculated with JS18-3 presented persistent fever, dyspnoea, serious microscopic lung lesions and lymph node congestion. The study suggests that lineage 8 of PRRSV2 is involved in continuing evolution by genetic recombination and mutation leading to outbreaks in vaccinated pigs in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwei Han
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaixia Lei
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiling Xu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang He
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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52
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Wang A, Chen Q, Wang L, Madson D, Harmon K, Gauger P, Zhang J, Li G. Recombination between Vaccine and Field Strains of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:2335-2337. [PMID: 31742529 PMCID: PMC6874241 DOI: 10.3201/eid2512.191111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated and plaque purified IA76950-WT and IA70388-R, 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses from pigs in the same herd in Iowa, USA, that exhibited coughing and had interstitial pneumonia. Phylogenetic and molecular evolutionary analysis indicated that IA70388-R is a natural recombinant from Fostera PRRSV vaccine and field strain IA76950-WT.
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53
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Liu J, Wei C, Lin Z, Xia W, Ma Y, Dai A, Yang X. Full genome sequence analysis of a 1-7-4-like PRRSV strain in Fujian Province, China. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7859. [PMID: 31637126 PMCID: PMC6800524 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PRRS virus (PRRSV) has undergone rapid evolution and resulted in immense economic losses worldwide. In the present study, a PRRSV strain named FJ0908 causing high abortion rate (25%) and mortality (40%) was detected in a swine herd in China. To determine if a new PRRSV genotype had emerged, we characterized the genetic characteristics of FJ0908. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that FJ0908 was related to 1-7-4-like strains circulating in the United States since 2014. Furthermore, the ORF5 sequence restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of FJ0908 was 1-7-4. Additionally, FJ0908 had a 100 aa deletion (aa329-428) within nsp2, as compared to VR-2332, and the deletion pattern was consistent with most of 1-7-4 PRRSVs. Collectively, the data of this study contribute to the understanding of 1-7-4-like PRRSV molecular epidemiology in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankui Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Chunhua Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Ying Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan, China
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54
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Guo Z, Chen XX, Li X, Qiao S, Deng R, Zhang G. Prevalence and genetic characteristics of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in central China during 2016-2017: NADC30-like PRRSVs are predominant. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103657. [PMID: 31398529 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
NADC30-like strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were firstly reported in China in 2013. Since then, these strains have been epidemic in more than 13 provinces/regions. During 2016-2017, a total of 18 PRRSV isolates were obtained from 52 clinical samples in Henan province. Based on comparative and phylogenetic analyses of ORF5 and partial Nsp2 genes, 83.3% (15/18) isolates belonged to NADC30-like strains, and the ORF5 shared 87.4%-95.5% nucleotide identity with NADC30/JL580 and 84.2%-89.9% with JXA1/CH-1a, respectively. The genetic variation analysis showed that extensive amino acid substitutions happened in the significant regions of ORF5 including major linear antigenic epitopes (27-30aa, 37-45aa, 52-61aa) and the potential N-glycosylation sites (32-35aa). 16.7% (3/18) isolates were very close to HP-PRRSV derived attenuated strains. Moreover, these three isolates shared common residues at the positions 33D, 59 N, 164R, 196R in ORF5 and 303D, 399T, 575V, 598R, 604G in Nsp2, which were thought to be unique to modified live vaccines (MLVs) or their derivatives. Therefore, they were probably the revertants from MLVs. Our studies showed that the HP-PRRSV strains seemed to be gradually disappearing and NADC30-like strains had become the main causative agents of PRRS in central China. Comparing with HP-PRRSVs, the ORF5 of NADC30-like PRRSV strains displayed extensive amino acid mutations which may be related with immune evasion. Furthermore, the circulation of MLV derivatives in the fields made the diagnosis and control of PRRSV more complicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650100, PR China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Ruiguang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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A Field Recombinant Strain Derived from Two Type 1 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV-1) Modified Live Vaccines Shows Increased Viremia and Transmission in SPF Pigs. Viruses 2019; 11:v11030296. [PMID: 30909591 PMCID: PMC6466261 DOI: 10.3390/v11030296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In Europe, modified live vaccines (MLV) are commonly used to control porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. However, they have been associated with safety issues such as reversion to virulence induced by mutation and/or recombination. On a French pig farm, we identified a field recombinant strain derived from two PRRSV-1 MLV (MLV1). As a result, we aimed to evaluate its clinical, virological, and transmission parameters in comparison with both parental strains. Three groups with six pigs in each were inoculated with either one of the two MLV1s or with the recombinant strain; six contact pigs were then added into each inoculated group. The animals were monitored daily for 35 days post-inoculation (dpi) for clinical symptoms; blood samples and nasal swabs were collected twice a week. PRRS viral load in inoculated pigs of recombinant group was higher in serum, nasal swabs, and tonsils in comparison with both vaccine groups. The first viremic contact pig was detected as soon as 2 dpi in the recombinant group compared to 10 and 17 dpi for vaccine groups. Estimation of transmission parameters revealed fastest transmission and longest duration of infectiousness for recombinant group. Our in vivo study showed that the field recombinant strain derived from two MLV1s demonstrated high viremia, shedding and transmission capacities.
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56
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Cao S, Cong F, Tan M, Ding G, Liu J, Li L, Zhao Y, Liu S, Xiao Y. 14-3-3ε acts as a proviral factor in highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet Res 2019; 50:16. [PMID: 30819256 PMCID: PMC6394020 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) emerged in 2006 in China and caused great economic losses for the swine industry because of the lack of an effective vaccine. 14-3-3 proteins are generating significant interest as potential drug targets by allowing the targeting of specific pathways to elicit therapeutic effects in human diseases. In a previous study, 14-3-3s were identified to interact with non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) of PRRSV. In the present study, the specific subtype 14-3-3ε was confirmed to interact with NSP2 and play a role in the replication of the HP-PRRSV TA-12 strain. Knockdown of 14-3-3ε in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) caused a significant decrease in TA-12 replication, while stable overexpression of 14-3-3ε caused a significant increase in the replication of TA-12 and low pathogenic PRRSV (LP-PRRSV) CH-1R. The 14-3-3 inhibitor difopein also decreased TA-12 and CH-1R replication in Marc-145 cells and PAMs. These findings are consistent with 14-3-3ε acting as a proviral factor and suggest that 14-3-3ε siRNA and difopein are therapeutic candidates against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Cao
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fangyuan Cong
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Min Tan
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guofei Ding
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhao
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yihong Xiao
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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57
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Emergence of Two different recombinant PRRSV strains with low neutralizing antibody susceptibility in China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2490. [PMID: 30792441 PMCID: PMC6385303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39059-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PRRSV causes major economic loss in global swine industry. 41 of 131 (31.29%) tissue samples collected from pig farms in central and east China from 2016 to 2017 were confirmed as PRRSV positive in RT-PCR. Base on phylogenetic analysis for ORF5 and ORF6, 3 isolates closely related to QYYZ strain form a new subgroup IV, while 3 other ones were clustered into subgroup III, represented by NADC30. Numerous amino acid substitutions involved in viral neutralization susceptibility were identified in GP5 among these isolates. Two emerging PRRSV strains (ZJnb16-2, SDbz16-2) were successfully isolated and sequenced. ZJnb16-2 was identified as a recombinant virus between strain QYYZ and JXA1 while SDbz16-2 was an inter-subgenotype recombinant virus of strains NADC30 and JXA1. As shown in the pathogenicity evaluation in piglets, ZJnb16-2 is highly pathogenic while SDbz16-2 is mild. Hyper-immune sera against major vaccine strains HUN4-F112 and JK-100 failed to neutralize either ZJnb16-2 or SDbz16-2. Only 0.8–2.0% of pig serum samples which were confirmed as PRRSV-positive with commercial ELISA kits presented neutralization reactivity against either ZJnb16-2 or SDbz16-2. The study confirmed that the viral genomic recombination contributes to the emergence of new pathogenic PRRSVs in China, which may escape from the protective immunity elicited by the conventional vaccines, highlighting the necessity in updates of vaccine strains and the need for a universal vaccine against PRRSV.
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58
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Li J, Wang J, Liu Y, Yang J, Guo L, Ren S, Chen Z, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Qiu W, Li Y, Zhang S, Yu J, Wu J. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus NADC30-like strain accelerates Streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection in vivo and in vitro. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 66:729-742. [PMID: 30427126 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), an economically significant pandemic disease, commonly results in increased impact of bacterial infections, including those by Streptococcus suis (S. suis). In recent years, PRRS virus (PRRSV) NADC30-like strain has emerged in different regions of China, and coinfected with S. suis and PRRSV has also gradually increased in clinical performance. However, the mechanisms involved in host innate responses towards S. suis and their implications of coinfection with NADC30-like strain remain unknown. Therefore, the pathogenicity of NADC30-like strain and S. suis serotype 2 (SS2) coinfection in vivo and in vitro was investigated in this study. The results showed that NADC30-like increased the invasion and proliferation of SS2 in blood and tissues, resulting in more severe pneumonia, myocarditis, and peritonitisas well as higher mortality rate in pigs. In vitro, NADC30-like strain increased the invasion and survival of SS2 in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) cells, causing more drastic expression of inflammatory cytokines and activation of NF-ĸB signalling. These results pave the way for understanding the interaction of S. suis with the swine immune system and their modulation in a viral coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianda Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jinbao Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yueyue Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Lihui Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Sufang Ren
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhaoshan Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenbin Qiu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Yubao Li
- School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Shujin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jiaqiang Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,School of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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59
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Liu J, Wei C, Lin Z, Fan J, Xia W, Dai A, Yang X. Recombination in lineage 1, 3, 5 and 8 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in China. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 68:119-126. [PMID: 30529558 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important viral swine diseases, resulting in immense economic losses in Chinese pig industry. Currently, four major lineages: lineage 1 (NADC30-like), 3 (QYYZ-like), 5.1 (VR2332-like) and 8.7 (JXA1-like) of type 2 PRRSV (North American type) have been circulating in China based on classification system, which have caused concern about the potential of virus recombination. In the present study, a novel variant of PRRSV strain named FJLIUY-2017 was isolated from abortion rate (25%) in pregnant gilts in Fujian Province in China in 2017. To further our knowledge about the novel virus strain, we characterized the complete genome of FJLIUY-2017. Comparison to PRRS sequences in GenBank confirmed the absence of close relatives (<92%), but indicated FJLIUY-2017 belonged to NADC30-like PRRSV. The full length of FJLIUY-2017 was determined to be 15017 nucleotides (nt), excluding the poly(A) tail, shared 86.2-86.6% identity with JXA1-like strains (JXA1, TJ and FJYR), 88.9-90.6% with NADC30-like PRRSVs (NADC30, FJZ03 and CHsx1401), 86.4-86.5% with VR2332-like (VR2332, RespPRRS MLV and BJ-4) and only 60.8% with LV (European type). Recombination analyses revealed genomic breakpoints in structural (ORF3, ORF4 and ORF7) and nonstructural (Nsp1, Nsp2, Nsp6, Nsp9, Nsp11 and Nsp12) regions of the genomes with evidence for recombination events between lineages 1, 3, 5.1 and 8.7. Taken altogether, the results of our study provide further confirmation that PRRSV is prone to undergo recombination events. Thus, it is critical to monitor PRRSV evolution in China and establish an effective strategy for the control of PRRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankui Liu
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province 364012, China.
| | - Chunhua Wei
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province 364012, China
| | - Zhifeng Lin
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province 364012, China; College of Animal Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province 5002, China
| | - Jianlin Fan
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province 364012, China
| | - Wei Xia
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province 364012, China
| | - Ailing Dai
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province 364012, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- College of Life Sciences of Longyan University, Longyan, Fujian Province 364012, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Animal Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology, Fujian Province 364012, China.
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60
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Liu P, Bai Y, Jiang X, Zhou L, Yuan S, Yao H, Yang H, Sun Z. High reversion potential of a cell-adapted vaccine candidate against highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Vet Microbiol 2018; 227:133-142. [PMID: 30473344 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Modified live vaccine (MLV) based on highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) is prone to quick reversion of virulence upon circulating in host animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the virulence reversion potential of HP-PRRSV MLV and to identify elements within the HP-PRRSV genome contributing to this phenomenon. A blind passage, cell-adaptation strategy was attempted to attenuate a HP-PRRSV strain JX143, which was isolated during the atypical PRRS outbreak in 2006. Two attenuated candidates passage 87 (JXM87) and passage 105 (JXM105) used as MLVs showed the best balance of safety and efficacy in 4 week-old piglets (unpublished data). Two studies were performed during which the candidates were assessed for reversion to virulence through five back passages in susceptible piglets (21 ± 3 days of age). Both study results showed increase in clinical signs, pyrexia and lung lesions as well as decreased average daily weight gain as of passage 3 in susceptible pigs clearly, and it indicated that both candidates regained virulence, irrespective of the passage level. Increase in respective parameters was accompanied by increase in viremia in piglets: JXM87 virus titer increased from Passage 1 (P1) 4.40 Lg TCID50/mL to P4 5.75 Lg TCID50/mL, and JXM105 virus titer increased from P1 3.78 Lg TCID50/mL to P4 6.42 Lg TCID50/mL. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on clinical samples (serum, lung tissue) from P4 animals. Sequence analysis comparing P4 materials with their parental strains revealed 10 amino acid mutations in 4 proteins for JXM87 and 14 amino acid mutations in 9 proteins for JXM105, respectively. Interestingly, five amino acid mutations were identical for the two candidates, which were located in nsp1β, GP5a and nsp10 coding regions, suggesting nsp1β, GP5a and nsp10 could contribute to virulence in HP-PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China; Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yajun Bai
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shishan Yuan
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huochun Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Hanchun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhi Sun
- Asian Veterinary Research and Development Center, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Pudong District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Zhou L, Kang R, Yu J, Xie B, Chen C, Li X, Xie J, Ye Y, Xiao L, Zhang J, Yang X, Wang H. Genetic Characterization and Pathogenicity of a Novel Recombined Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 among Nadc30-Like, Jxa1-Like, and Mlv-Like Strains. Viruses 2018; 10:v10100551. [PMID: 30304818 PMCID: PMC6213465 DOI: 10.3390/v10100551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recombination among porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs), coupled with point mutations, insertions, and deletions occurring in the genome, is considered to contribute to the emergence of new variants. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of a PRRSV field strain, designated SCN17, isolated from a RespPRRS MLV-vaccinated piglet in China in 2017. Sequence alignment revealed that SCN17 had discontinuous 131-amino acid (111 + 1 + 19-aa) deletion in the NSP2-coding region identical to that of NADC30 when compared to VR-2332. Notably, the strain, SCN17, contained an additional 1-aa deletion in NSP2, a 1-aa deletion in ORF5, and a unique 3-nt deletion in the 3′-UTR. Phylogenetic analysis showed that SCN17 clustered into NADC30-like lineage based on ORF5 genotyping, whereas it belonged to an inter-lineage between the NADC30-like and VR-2332-like lineages as established based on the full-length genome. Importantly, the SCN17 was identified as a novel virus recombined between a NADC30-like (moderately pathogenic), a JXA1-like (highly pathogenic), and an attenuated vaccine strain, RespPRRS MLV (parental strain VR-2332). Furthermore, we tested its pathogenicity in piglets. SCN17 infection caused a persistent fever, moderate interstitial pneumonia, and increased the viremia and antibody levels in the inoculated piglets. Of note, all SCN17-infected piglets survived throughout the study. The new virus was showed to be a moderately virulent isolate and have lower pathogenicity than HP-PRRSV strain, SCwhn09CD. Our results provide evidence for the continuing evolution of PRRSV field strain by genetic recombination and mutation leading to outbreaks in the vaccinated pig populations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Runmin Kang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifeng Yu
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bo Xie
- Chengdu Chia Tai Agro-industry & Food, Animal healthy disease service, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China.
| | - Changying Chen
- Chengdu Chia Tai Agro-industry & Food, Animal healthy disease service, Chengdu 610081, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xingyu Li
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jing Xie
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yonggang Ye
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Lu Xiao
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jinling Zhang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hongning Wang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China.
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62
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Zhang Z, Zhou L, Ge X, Guo X, Han J, Yang H. Evolutionary analysis of six isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus from a single pig farm: MLV-evolved and recombinant viruses. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 66:111-119. [PMID: 30261264 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens with economic significance for swine industry globally. The virus is characterized by its genetically extraordinary variability and diversified strains due to high mutation frequency and recombination rates. In the current study, we analyzed the genomes of six PRRSV strains isolated in different years from a single pig farm practicing HP-PRRSV-derived modified-live virus (MLV) vaccination in China, and in detail dissected their evolutionary relationship to MLV vaccines. The results show that all the six isolates belong to type 2 PRRSV, and are clustered into two lineages (lineage 1 and 8) based on their ORF5 genes. Further comparative analyses of genomes and the characteristic amino acid sites show that both HeN1201 and HeN1502 are MLV-like strains evolved from the MLV HuN4-F112. Recombination analyses reveal that HeN1301 is a recombinant virus emerged from the recombination event between two MLV-like strains evolved from the MLV TJM-F92 and HuN4-F112, and HeN1501 is a recombinant virus between two MLV-like strains evolved from HuN4-F112, while HeN1401 and HeN1601 are recombinant viruses derived from the recombination between NADC30-like and a MLV-like strain evolved from TJM-F92. Our findings provide more evidence for the fact that MLV-derived from the Chinese HP-PRRSV can be evolved and reversed in the field and enrich the data about the recombination between the viruses evolved from MLV and newly infected strain of PRRSV. This study stresses the necessity for pig producers to restrain the use of HP-PRRSV MLV vaccines in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinna Ge
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanchun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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63
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Zhou L, Kang R, Xie B, Tian Y, Wu X, Lv X, Yang X, Wang H. Identification of a Novel Recombinant Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in China. Viruses 2018; 10:v10040151. [PMID: 29584650 PMCID: PMC5923445 DOI: 10.3390/v10040151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in China in 2013, PRRSVs have undergone rapid evolution. In this study, a novel variant of PRRSV strain (designated SCcd17) was successfully isolated from piglets with clinical signs in Sichuan Province in China in 2017, and the complete genomic sequence was determined. The genome of this new isolate was 15,015 nucleotides (nt) long, and comparative analysis revealed that SCcd17 exhibited 90.2%, 85.2%, 84.9%, and 84.0% nucleotide similarity to PRRSVs NADC30, JXA1, CH-1a, and VR-2332, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SCcd17 strain was classified into the NADC30-like sub-genotype, in which all the strains contained the unique discontinuous 131-amino acid deletion in nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) when compared to VR-2332-like viruses. Notably, extensive amino acid substitutions were observed in nsp2 and a unique single amino acid deletion at position 33 of the GP5 is being described for the first time. Strikingly, recombination analysis revealed that SCcd17 was the result of recombination between the NADC30-like, JXA1-like, and VR-2332-like strains at five recombination breakpoints: nsp1α (nt 641), nsp3 (nt 5141), nsp10 (nt 9521), open reading frame 3 (ORF3) (nt 12,581), and ORF4 (nt 13,021). The genomic data of SCcd17 will be helpful for understanding the role of genomic recombination in the evolution of PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhou
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Runmin Kang
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Bo Xie
- Chengdu Chia Tai Agro-Industry & Food Co., Ltd., Animal Healthy Disease Service, Gongping Town, Wenjiang District, Chengdu 610081, China.
| | - Yiming Tian
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xuan Wu
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xuebin Lv
- Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Sichuan Provincial Key laboratory of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Chengdu 610066, China.
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Hongning Wang
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, 29# Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China.
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64
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Wang HM, Liu YG, Tang YD, Liu TX, Zheng LL, Wang TY, Liu SG, Wang G, Cai XH. A natural recombinant PRRSV between HP-PRRSV JXA1-like and NADC30-like strains. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.-M. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - Y.-G. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - Y.-D. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - T.-X. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - L.-L. Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - T.-Y. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - S.-G. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - G. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
| | - X.-H. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology; Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Harbin China
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65
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Sun YF, Zhou L, Bian T, Tian XX, Ren WK, Lu C, Zhang L, Li XL, Cui MS, Yang HC, Yu H. Efficacy evaluation of two commercial modified-live virus vaccines against a novel recombinant type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29519513 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
NADC30-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causing clinical disease outbreaks has been recently reported in China. The recombination occurring among PRRSV strains could lead to the emergence of novel and more virulent viruses. In our previous study, a novel recombinant type 2 PRRSV (TJnh1501) between NADC30-like and modified-live virus (MLV)-like derived from the Chinese highly pathogenic PRRSV was shown to have higher pathogenicity than NADC30-like PRRSV. It remains unknown whether the emergence of the novel recombinant PRRSV strain can lead to variable protection efficacy of the MLV vaccines. In this paper, two typical commercial MLV vaccines were used to evaluate their efficacy to block TJnh1501 infection and onset of clinical symptoms. Our results showed that both MLV vaccines could shorten the period of fever and reduce viral loads in sera, but were not able to reduce the clinical signs and lung lesions indicating that the two commercial MLV vaccines provide limited cross-protection efficacy against the novel recombinant type 2 PRRSV infection. This study gives valuable suggestions for the use of MLV vaccines to control PRRSV infection in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Feng Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Bian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiang-Xue Tian
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Wei-Ke Ren
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Xiu-Li Li
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Cui
- Tianjin Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Han-Chun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hai Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 200241, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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66
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Guo Z, Chen XX, Li R, Qiao S, Zhang G. The prevalent status and genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in China: a molecular epidemiological perspective. Virol J 2018; 15:2. [PMID: 29301547 PMCID: PMC5753475 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been epidemic more than 30 years in America and 20 years in China. It is still one of the most important causative agents to the worldwide swine industry. Here, we systematically analyzed the prevalence status of PRRSV in China by a molecular epidemiological perspective. Now both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 are circulating and approximately more than 80% of pig farms are seropositive for PRRSV. For PRRSV-2, there are four lineages (lineage 1, lineage 3, lineage 5, lineage 8) circulating in the fields. Lineage 8 (CH-1a-like) and lineage 5 (BJ-4-like) appeared almost at the same time during 1995-1996. Notably, BJ-4 shares 99.6% and 99.8% identity with VR2332 and RespPRRS MLV, respectively. It means that lineage 5 is likely to be imported from America. Now highly pathogenic PRRSV (HP-PRRSV) which was considered to be evolved from local diversity of lineage 8 strains is predominant with different variants. Lineage 3 appeared in 2010 which is mainly sporadic in south of China. Lineage 1, also known as NADC30-like strains in China, has been prevalent since 2013 and leads to PRRS pandemic again. For PRRSV-1, although sporadic at present, more than 9 provinces/regions have been reported. All the circulating strains belong to subtype I. It should be paid more attention since there are no vaccines available. Our analysis would help to deeply understand the prevalent status of PRRSV in China and provide useful information for prevention and control of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
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67
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Pathogenicity of a newly emerged recombined porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain (subgenotype III) in China. Vet Microbiol 2017; 210:162-166. [PMID: 29103686 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a severe pathogen that causes enormous economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Since its first report in the 1980s, PRRSV has undergone extensive variation. In the previous study, we demonstrated that the GDsg strain was a new recombined virus between the low pathogenic field strain QYYZ and the vaccine strain JXA1-P80, belonging to the newly emerging type 2 PRRSV subgenotype III. In this study, the pathogenicity of a new recombined strain GDsg for pigs was analyzed. The results of in vivo experiments indicated that GDsg could cause persistently high fever, severe interstitial pneumonia, and high viremia and antibody levels in inoculated piglets. In particular, the brains of inoculated pigs exhibited serious hemorrhage and microscopic lesions. These results suggested that compared with the low pathogenic field strain QYYZ and the vaccine strain JXA1-P80, the new recombined GDsg strain had higher virulence in pigs. This study will help to characterize the relationship between recombination and evolution of PRRSV.
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