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Lewis MJ, Jawad AS. The effect of ethnicity and genetic ancestry on the epidemiology, clinical features and outcome of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:i67-i77. [PMID: 27940583 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this in-depth review, we examine the worldwide epidemiology of SLE and summarize current knowledge on the influence of race/ethnicity on clinical manifestations, disease activity, damage accumulation and outcome in SLE. Susceptibility to SLE has a strong genetic component, and trans-ancestral genetic studies have revealed a substantial commonality of shared genetic risk variants across different genetic ancestries that predispose to the development of SLE. The highest increased risk of developing SLE is observed in black individuals (incidence 5- to 9-fold increased, prevalence 2- to 3-fold increased), with an increased risk also observed in South Asians, East Asians and other non-white groups, compared with white individuals. Black, East Asian, South Asian and Hispanic individuals with SLE tend to develop more severe disease with a greater number of manifestations and accumulate damage from lupus more rapidly. Increased genetic risk burden in these populations, associated with increased autoantibody reactivity in non-white individuals with SLE, may explain the more severe lupus phenotype. Even after taking into account socio-economic factors, race/ethnicity remains a key determinant of poor outcome, such as end-stage renal failure and mortality, in SLE. Community measures to expedite diagnosis through increased awareness in at-risk racial/ethnic populations and ethnically personalized treatment algorithms may help in future to improve long-term outcomes in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ali S Jawad
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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52
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Karlsen M, Jakobsen K, Jonsson R, Hammenfors D, Hansen T, Appel S. Expression of Toll-Like Receptors in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Scand J Immunol 2017; 85:220-226. [PMID: 27943374 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors important for the detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. They are localized on cellular membranes, on either the cell surface or the endosomes. Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic rheumatic autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltrations in exocrine glands resulting in dryness in eyes and mouth. In a majority of patients, autoantibodies against Ro/SSA and/or La/SSB are present. Here we analysed mRNA levels of TLR1-10 and protein expression levels of most of them in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 20 patients with pSS and 20 healthy controls. Patients with pSS showed significantly higher mRNA levels of TLR8 than controls, while transcript levels of TLR9 were significantly lower. At the protein level, patients with pSS expressed significantly less TLR5 and significantly more TLR7 compared with healthy controls. TLR7 and 8 are encoded by genes localized on the X chromosome, which is especially interesting regarding the gender imbalance of pSS. The differential expression of various TLR in PBMC of patients with pSS might contribute to an altered recognition of nucleic acids, eventually resulting in the development of autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karlsen
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Jakobsen
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Jonsson
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - D Hammenfors
- Department of Rheumatology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Hansen
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Appel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Devarapu SK, Lorenz G, Kulkarni OP, Anders HJ, Mulay SR. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity and Lupus Nephritis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 332:43-154. [PMID: 28526137 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity involves immune responses directed against self, which are a result of defective self/foreign distinction of the immune system, leading to proliferation of self-reactive lymphocytes, and is characterized by systemic, as well as tissue-specific, inflammation. Numerous mechanisms operate to ensure the immune tolerance to self-antigens. However, monogenetic defects or genetic variants that weaken immune tolerance render susceptibility to the loss of immune tolerance, which is further triggered by environmental factors. In this review, we discuss the phenomenon of immune tolerance, genetic and environmental factors that influence the immune tolerance, factors that induce autoimmunity such as epigenetic and transcription factors, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, extracellular vesicles, ion channels, and lipid mediators, as well as costimulatory or coinhibitory molecules that contribute to an autoimmune response. Further, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms of autoimmune tissue injury and inflammation during systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Devarapu
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Lorenz
- Klinikum rechts der Isar, Abteilung für Nephrologie, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - H-J Anders
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S R Mulay
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Wang Y, Liang J, Qin H, Ge Y, Du J, Lin J, Zhu X, Wang J, Xu J. Elevated expression of miR-142-3p is related to the pro-inflammatory function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in SLE. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:263. [PMID: 27852285 PMCID: PMC5112667 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies have shown that alterations in the function of dendritic cells (DCs) are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the mechanism of the alteration remains unclear. Methods We cultured monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) in vitro and examined the cytokines and chemokines in the supernatants of moDCs in negative controls (NC) and SLE patients in active phase. We then profiled microRNAs (miRNAs) of LPS-stimulated moDCs in SLE patients and used real-time PCR to verify the differentially expressed miRNAs. A lentiviral construct was used to overexpress the level of miR-142-3p in moDCs of NC. We examined the cytokines and chemokines in the supernatants of moDCs overexpressing miR-142-3p and used Transwell test, flow cytometric analysis and cell proliferation to observe the impact on CD4+ T cells in moDC-CD4+T cell co-culture. Results moDCs in patients with SLE secreted increased level of IL-6, CCL2 and CCL5, with attraction of more CD4+ T cells compared with NC. We found 18 differentially expressed microRNAs in moDCs of SLE patients by microarray, and target gene prediction showed some target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were involved in cytokine regulation. miR-142-3p was verified among the highly expressed miRNAs in the SLE group and overexpressing miR-142-3p in moDCs of the NC group caused an increase of SLE-related cytokines, such as CCL2, CCL5, CXCL8, IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, moDCs overexpressed with miR-142-3p resulted in attraction of an increased number of CD4+ T cells and in suppression of the proportion of Tregs in DC-CD4+T cell co-culture whereas the proliferation of CD4+T cells was not altered. Conclusions The results demonstrated a role for miR-142-3p in regulating the pro-inflammatory function of moDCs in the pathogenesis of SLE. These findings suggested that miR-142-3p could serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of SLE. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1158-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haihong Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ge
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinran Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China.
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Qian T, Chen Y, Shi X, Li J, Hao F, Zhang D. C/ EBP β mRNA expression is upregulated and positively correlated with the expression of TNIP1/ TNFAIP3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2348-2354. [PMID: 27698734 PMCID: PMC5038459 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP β) has important roles in numerous signaling pathways. The expression of the majority of regulators and target gene products of C/EBP β, including tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) and TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1), are upregulated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether C/EBP β expression is associated with SLE pathogenesis and correlates with TNIP1 and TNFAIP3 expression. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to assess the expression of C/EBP β, TNIP1, and TNFAIP3 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 20 patients with SLE and 20 healthy controls. Spearman's rank test was used to determine the correlation between C/EBP β expression and SLE disease activity, and that between C/EBP β expression and TNIP1/TNFAIP3 expression in PBMCs from patients with SLE. C/EBP β mRNA expression was markedly increased in patients with SLE compared with healthy controls. The expression of C/EBP β was positively correlated with the SLE disease activity index and negatively correlated with the serum level of complement components C3 and C4. In addition, C/EBP β mRNA expression was increased in PBMCs from SLE patients that were positive for antinuclear, anti-Smith and anti-nRNP antibodies, compared with the antibody negative SLE patients. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of C/EBP β in patients with SLE was positively correlated with TNIP1 and TNFAIP3 expression. The results of the current study suggest that the increased expression of C/EBP β in PBMCs and the interaction between C/EBP β and TNIP1/TNFAIP3 may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qian
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Fei Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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56
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Qian T, Chen F, Shi X, Li J, Li M, Chen Y, Hao F, Zhang D. Upregulation of the C/EBP β LAP isoform could be due to decreased TNFAIP3/TNIP1 expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 27:657-663. [PMID: 27659348 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2016.1232331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP β), TNF-alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), and TNFAIP3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients to assess their relationship in SLE pathogenesis. METHODS C/EBP β, TNIP1, and TNFAIP3 expression was assessed in PBMCs from 20 SLE patients and 20 controls by western blotting. The correlation between C/EBP β/TNFAIP3/TNIP1 expression and SLE disease activity was determined by Spearman's rank. C/EBP β, TNIP1, and TNFAIP3 levels in THP-1 cells, THP-1 cells transfected with plasmids encoding TNFAIP3 shRNA, and THP-1 cells infected with lentiviral vectors encoding TNIP1 shRNA were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS C/EBP β LAP isoform expression was increased and LIP/TNFAIP3/TNIP1 expression was decreased in SLE patients. LAP expression was positively correlated with SLE disease activity; TNFAIP3 and TNIP1 expression was negatively correlated with SLE disease activity. LAP expression was increased in SLE patients with proteinuria and elevated anti-dsDNA antibody, as well as in THP-1 cells transfected with plasmids encoding TNFAIP3 shRNA and THP-1 cells infected with lentiviral vectors encoding TNIP1 shRNA. CONCLUSIONS C/EBP β/TNFAIP3/TNIP1 is associated with SLE activity. The upregulated expression of C/EBP β LAP could be caused by reduced TNFAIP3/TNIP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Qian
- a Department of Dermatology , Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Fangru Chen
- b Department of Dermatology , Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University , Guilin , P.R. China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- c Department of Dermatology , General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command , Shenyang , P.R. China , and
| | - Jian Li
- a Department of Dermatology , Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- a Department of Dermatology , Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- d Department of Dermatology , Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region , Kunming , P.R. China
| | - Fei Hao
- a Department of Dermatology , Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- a Department of Dermatology , Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , P.R. China
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Abstract
Finding better treatments for lupus nephritis requires an understanding of the pathogenesis of the causative systemic disease, how this leads to kidney disease, and how lupus nephritis progresses to end-stage kidney disease. Here, we provide a brief conceptual overview on the related pathomechanisms. As a main focus we discuss in detail the roles of neutrophils, dendritic cells, Toll-like receptors, and interferon-α in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis by separately reviewing their roles in extrarenal systemic autoimmunity and in intrarenal inflammation and immunopathology.
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Lorenz G, Lech M, Anders HJ. Toll-like receptor activation in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Clin Immunol 2016; 185:86-94. [PMID: 27423476 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis is complex but no longer enigmatic. Much progress has been made to on the polygenetic origin of lupus in identifying gene variants that permit the loss of tolerance against nuclear autoantigens. Along the same line in about 50% of lupus patients additional genetic weaknesses promote immune complex glomerulonephritis and filtration barrier dysfunction. Here we briefly summarize the pathogenesis of SLE with a focus on loss of tolerance and the role of toll-like receptors in the "pseudo"-antiviral immunity concept of systemic lupus. In addition, we discuss the local role of Toll-like receptors in intrarenal inflammation and kidney remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Lorenz
- Abteilung für Nephrologie, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Maciej Lech
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Nephrologisches Zentrum, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Morais SA, Isenberg DA. A study of the influence of ethnicity on serology and clinical features in lupus. Lupus 2016; 26:17-26. [PMID: 27216418 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316645204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review the links between ethnicity, serology and clinical expression in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a single cohort that was followed over a 36-year period. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with SLE treated at the University College London Hospitals (UCLHs) between January 1978 and December 2013 formed the cohort. We assessed the demographic, clinical and serological data. Standard methods were used for laboratory testing. The Student t test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for the continuous variables; the Fisher's exact test was used for the categorical variables. RESULTS We studied 624 SLE patients: There were 571 women (91.5%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 29.0 ± 6.5 years; and 53 men (8.5%), with a mean age at diagnosis of 29.4 ± 15.3 years. Ethnically, 369 of the patients were European, 100 were Afro-Caribbean, 77 were East Asian, 56 were South Asian and 21 were of mixed ethnicity. The East Asian patients developed the disease at a younger age than the other ethnic groups (p < 0.0001). The Afro-Caribbean patients were less frequently associated with the presence of rash and photosensitivity, and the non-European patients were more likely to have alopecia and renal involvement. The South Asian patients were significantly associated with musculoskeletal and neurological involvement, serositis, Sicca syndrome and hematological features. The Afro-Caribbean patients had the highest prevalence of anti-Smith, anti-RNP, anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies. Anti-IgG anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies were significantly associated with the non-East Asian groups; and hypocomplementemia was common in the East Asians. Rash, alopecia, mouth ulcers, serositis, neurological, joint and renal involvement were significantly associated with the presence of anti-Smith and anti-RNP antibodies in the Afro-Caribbean group. We also observed an association of joint involvement and the presence of anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies in this group. CONCLUSIONS The East Asian patients developed their SLE disease at a younger age than the other ethnic groups. Cutaneous involvement was more frequent in those who were not Afro-Caribbean. Serositis, joint and neurological involvement were more frequently diagnosed in the South Asian patients. Anti-ENA antibodies were frequently associated with the Afro-Caribbean patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Morais
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - D A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
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Rasmussen NS, Nielsen CT, Houen G, Jacobsen S. Humoral markers of active Epstein-Barr virus infection associate with anti-extractable nuclear antigen autoantibodies and plasma galectin-3 binding protein in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2016; 25:1567-1576. [PMID: 27084029 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316644334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We investigated if signs of active Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections associate with certain autoantibodies and a marker of type I interferon activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. IgM and IgG plasma levels against Epstein-Barr virus early antigen diffuse and cytomegalovirus pp52 were applied as humoral markers of ongoing/recently active Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus infections, respectively. Plasma galectin-3 binding protein served as a surrogate marker of type I interferon activity. The measurements were conducted in 57 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 29 healthy controls using ELISAs. Regression analyses and univariate comparisons were performed for associative evaluation between virus serology, plasma galectin-3 binding protein and autoantibodies, along with other clinical and demographic parameters. Plasma galectin-3 binding protein concentrations were significantly higher in systemic lupus erythematosus patients (P = 0.009) and associated positively with Epstein-Barr virus early antigen diffuse-directed antibodies and the presence of autoantibodies against extractable nuclear antigens in adjusted linear regressions (B = 2.02 and 2.02, P = 0.02 and P = 0.002, respectively). Furthermore, systemic lupus erythematosus patients with anti-extractable nuclear antigens had significantly higher antibody levels against Epstein-Barr virus early antigen diffuse (P = 0.02). Our study supports a link between active Epstein-Barr virus infections, positivity for anti-extractable nuclear antigens and increased plasma galectin-3 binding protein concentrations/type I interferon activity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Rasmussen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C T Nielsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Denmark
| | - G Houen
- Department of Autoimmunology and Biomarkers, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Denmark
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Pacheco GV, Novelo Noh IB, Velasco Cárdenas RMH, Angulo Ramírez AV, López Villanueva RF, Quintal Ortiz IG, Alonso Salomón LG, Ruz NP, Rivero Cárdenas NA. Expression of TLR-7, MyD88, NF-kB, and INF-α in B Lymphocytes of Mayan Women with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Mexico. Front Immunol 2016; 7:22. [PMID: 26870038 PMCID: PMC4735402 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving multiple organs. It is currently accepted that several genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors are contributing to its development. Innate immunity may have a great influence in autoimmunity through Toll-like receptors. TLR-7 recognizing single-strand RNA has been involved in SLE. Its activation induces intracellular signal with attraction of MyD88 and NF-kBp65, leading to IFN-α synthesis which correlate with disease activity. Objective To assess the expression of TLR-7, MyD88, and NF-kBp65 in B lymphocytes of Mayan women with SLE. Methods One hundred patients with SLE and 100 healthy controls, all of them Mayan women, were included. TLR-7 was analyzed on B and T lymphocytes, and MyD88 and NF-kB only in B lymphocytes. Serum INF-α level was evaluated by ELISA. Results Significant expression (p < 0.0001) of TLR-7 in B and T lymphocytes and serum IFN-α increased (p = 0.034) was observed in patients. MyD88 and NF-kBp65 were also increased in B lymphocytes of patients. TLR-7 and NF-kBp65 expression correlated, but no correlation with INF-α and disease activity was detected. Conclusion Data support the role of TLR-7 and signal proteins in the pathogenesis of SLE in the Mayan population of Yucatán.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Valencia Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Hematología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Mérida , Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | - Irma G Quintal Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Hematología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Mérida , Mexico
| | - Ligia G Alonso Salomón
- Laboratorio de Hematología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Mérida , Mexico
| | - Norma Pavía Ruz
- Laboratorio de Hematología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Mérida , Mexico
| | - Nubia A Rivero Cárdenas
- Laboratorio de Hematología, Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán , Mérida , Mexico
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A benzenediamine derivative fc-99 attenuates lupus-like syndrome in MRL/lpr mice related to suppression of pDC activation. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:355-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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63
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Wu YW, Tang W, Zuo JP. Toll-like receptors: potential targets for lupus treatment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:1395-407. [PMID: 26592511 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of tolerance to self-nuclear antigens. Accumulating evidence shows that Toll-like receptors (TLRs), previously proven to be critical for host defense, are implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases by recognition of self-molecules. Genome-wide association studies, experimental mouse models and clinical sample studies have provided evidence for the involvement of TLRs, including TLR2/4, TLR5, TLR3 and TLR7/8/9, in SLE pathogenesis. A number of downstream proteins in the TLR signaling cascade (such as MyD88, IRAKs and IFN-α) are identified as potential therapeutic targets for SLE treatment. Numerous antagonists targeting TLR signaling, including oligonucleotides, small molecular inhibitors and antibodies, are currently under preclinical studies or clinical trials for SLE treatment. Moreover, the emerging new manipulation of TLR signaling by microRNA (miRNA) regulation shows promise for the future treatment of SLE.
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Sánchez B, Hevia A, González S, Margolles A. Interaction of Intestinal Microorganisms with the Human Host in the Framework of Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2015; 6:594. [PMID: 26635808 PMCID: PMC4653298 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), are caused by a complex interaction of environmental-, genetic-, and sex-related factors. Although SLE has traditionally been considered independent from the microbiota, recent work published during the last 5 years suggests a strong connection between SLE and the composition of our gut commensals as one of the main environmental factors linked to this disease. Preliminary data have evidenced that (i) interaction of certain microbial-derived molecules with specific cell receptors and (ii) the influence of certain commensal microorganisms over specific immune cell subsets plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE and SLE-like diseases. In addition, epigenetic changes driven by certain microbial groups have been recently proposed as an additional link between gut microbiota and SLE. As immune responses elicited against commensal bacteria are deeply dependent on the composition of the latter, and as microbial populations can be modified by dietary interventions, identifying the precise gut microorganisms responsible for worsening the SLE symptoms is of crucial importance for this and other SLE-related diseases, including antiphospholipid syndrome or lupus nephritis. In this minireview, the current knowledge on the relationships between microbes and SLE and SLE-related diseases is compiled and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Sánchez
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Arancha Hevia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Villaviciosa, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Abelardo Margolles
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Villaviciosa, Spain
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Russell SB, Smith JC, Huang M, Trupin JS, Williams SM. Pleiotropic Effects of Immune Responses Explain Variation in the Prevalence of Fibroproliferative Diseases. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005568. [PMID: 26540410 PMCID: PMC4634921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many diseases are differentially distributed among human populations. Differential selection on genetic variants in ancestral environments that coincidentally predispose to disease can be an underlying cause of these unequal prevalence patterns. Selected genes may be pleiotropic, affecting multiple phenotypes and resulting in more than one disease or trait. Patterns of pleiotropy may be helpful in understanding the underlying causes of an array of conditions in a population. For example, several fibroproliferative diseases are more prevalent and severe in populations of sub-Saharan ancestry. We propose that this disparity is due to selection for an enhanced Th2 response that confers resistance to helminthic infections, and concurrently increases susceptibility to fibrosis due to the profibrotic action of Th2 cytokines. Many studies on selection of Th2-related genes for host resistance to helminths have been reported, but the pleiotropic impact of this selection on the distribution of fibrotic disorders has not been explicitly investigated. We discuss the disproportionate occurrence of fibroproliferative diseases in individuals of African ancestry and provide evidence that adaptation of the immune system has shaped the genetic structure of these human populations in ways that alter the distribution of multiple fibroproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley B. Russell
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SBR); , (SMW)
| | - Joan C. Smith
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Minjun Huang
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Trupin
- Meharry Medical College, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Scott M. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SBR); , (SMW)
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Correlation between TLR9 Expression and Cytokine Secretion in the Clinical Diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:710720. [PMID: 26457008 PMCID: PMC4589624 DOI: 10.1155/2015/710720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the correlation between TLR9 and cytokine secretion in SLE diagnosis and treatment. A total of 66 cases (39 SLE and 27 healthy donors) were enrolled in this study. The CD20+ labeled B cells were isolated from SLE patients. TLR9 mRNA expression from SLE tissues and B cells was detected using RT-PCR. The cytokine secretion in B cells were measured using ELISA. Correlation between TLR9 expression and cytokines secretion was analyzed using gene silencing method. Compared with the controls, TLR9 expression was significantly high in SLE patients tissues, as well as in B cells. Expressions of IL-6 and ds-DNA antibody were high in SLE patients serum and were positively correlated with TLR9 level in SLE patients (IL-6, R2 = 0.768; ds-DNA antibody, R2 = 0.730). The IL-6 and ds-DNA expression were significantly decreased by silencing TLR9 compared to the controls. Moreover, silencing TLR9 significantly decreased cytokines secretion including IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1rα, as well as the pathway-associated protein expression, including ICOS and Foxp3. The successful application of TLR9 silencing method in human SLE B cells may loan theatrical basis for the possibility of TLR9 genetic therapy in SLE diagnosis and treatment.
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Numan MS, Amiable N, Brown JP, Michou L. Paget's disease of bone: an osteoimmunological disorder? DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:4695-707. [PMID: 26316708 PMCID: PMC4544727 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s88845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoimmunology represents a large area of research resulting from the cross talk between bone and immune systems. Many cytokines and signaling cascades are involved in the field of osteoimmunology, originating from various cell types. The RANK/receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling has a pivotal role in osteoimmunology, in addition to proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and IL-17. Clinically, osteoimmunological disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and periodontitis, should be classified according to their pattern of osteoimmunological serum biomarkers. Paget’s disease of bone is a common metabolic bone disorder, resulting from an excessively increased bone resorption coupled with aberrant bone formation. With the exception of the cellular responses to measles virus nucleocapsid protein and the interferon-gamma signature, the exact role of the immune system in Paget’s disease of bone is not well understood. The cytokine profiles, such as the increased levels of IL-6 and the interferon-gamma signature observed in this disease, are also very similar to those observed in other osteoimmunological disorders. As a potential osteoimmunological disorder, the treatment of Paget’s disease of bone may also benefit from progress made in targeted therapies, in particular for receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa-B ligand and IL-6 signaling inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Numan
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada ; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Amiable
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques P Brown
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada ; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada ; Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Laëtitia Michou
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada ; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada ; Department of Rheumatology, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Rinnov AR, Rathcke CN, Bonde L, Vilsbøll T, Knop FK. Plasma YKL-40 during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 112:68-72. [PMID: 26301577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterised by hyperglycaemia during pregnancy. The clinical circumstances involved in the development of GDM leaves the patient at a high risk of the subsequent development of type 2 diabetes. Plasma levels of the inflammation marker YKL-40 are elevated in type 2 diabetes and correlate with fasting plasma glucose levels and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes. With the present study we aimed to determine if pregnancy (and associated insulin resistance) with or without GDM affects plasma YKL-40 levels. Plasma from women diagnosed with GDM and healthy normal glucose-tolerant pregnant women (non-GDM) was obtained at the third trimester of pregnancy and again 3-4 months following delivery, and levels of YKL-40 and interleukin 6 (IL-6; known to regulate YKL-40) were measured. Plasma YKL-40 levels were similarly low during pregnancy in both groups and increased significantly after delivery, but remained lower in the GDM group compared with the non-GDM group postpartum. In contrast, plasma IL-6 levels were not affected by pregnancy or diagnosis of GDM, Nevertheless, YKL-40 levels were associated with IL-6 levels in the non-GDM group (but not in the GDM group). Pregnancy seems to be associated with a temporary reduction in circulating YKL-40, which increases after delivery, but to a much lesser extent in women with GDM than in non-GDM women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders R Rinnov
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, The Centre for Physical Activity Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Camilla N Rathcke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Bonde
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
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XIAO GONG, NING WANGBIN, ZHANG CHUNHU, WU SHIYAO, ZUO XIAOXIA. Inhibiting Notch-1 reduces the expression of Toll-like receptor 9 in BABL/C-lpr mouse kidneys and improves glucocorticoid sensitivity. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2765-70. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Papadopoulos T, Belliere J, Bascands JL, Neau E, Klein J, Schanstra JP. miRNAs in urine: a mirror image of kidney disease? Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2015; 15:361-74. [PMID: 25660955 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2015.1009449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that control post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They are found ubiquitously in tissue and body fluids and participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Due to these characteristics and their stability, miRNAs could serve as biomarkers of different pathologies of the kidney. Urine is a non-invasive reservoir of molecules, especially indicative of the urinary system. In this review, we focus on urinary miRNAs and their potential to serve as biomarkers in kidney disease. Past studies show that urinary miRNAs correlate with renal dysfunctions and with processes involved in the pathophysiology. However, these studies also stress the need for future research focusing on large-scale studies to confirm the usability of urinary miRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic markers of different kidney diseases in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofilos Papadopoulos
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1048, Institut of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, 1 avenue Jean Poulhès, B.P. 84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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Celhar T, Fairhurst AM. Toll-like receptors in systemic lupus erythematosus: potential for personalized treatment. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:265. [PMID: 25538618 PMCID: PMC4258990 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by the loss of tolerance to self-nuclear antigens. The symptoms of SLE, progression of pathology and the array of autoantibodies present in the serum differ significantly from patient to patient, which calls for a personalized approach to treatment. SLE is polygenic and strongly influenced by gender, ethnicity, and environmental factors. Data from genome-wide association studies suggests that polymorphisms in as many as 100 genes contribute to SLE susceptibility. Recent research has focused on genes associated with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), type I interferons, immune regulation pathways, and immune-complex clearance. TLR7 and TLR9 have been extensively studied using lupus-prone mouse models. In multiple systems overexpression of TLR7 drives disease progression but interestingly, a loss of TLR9 results in an almost identical phenotype. While TLR7 overexpression has been linked to human SLE, the possible role of TLR9 in human disease remains elusive. In the present review, we focus on TLR polymorphisms and TLR expression in SLE patients and discuss their potential as biomarkers for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teja Celhar
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anna-Marie Fairhurst
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR) , Singapore, Singapore
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