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Sigfridsson E, Marangoni M, Hardingham GE, Horsburgh K, Fowler JH. Deficiency of Nrf2 exacerbates white matter damage and microglia/macrophage levels in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:367. [PMID: 33261626 PMCID: PMC7709339 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02038-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion causes damage to the brain's white matter underpinning vascular cognitive impairment. Inflammation and oxidative stress have been proposed as key pathophysiological mechanisms of which the transcription factor Nrf2 is a master regulator. We hypothesised that white matter pathology, microgliosis, blood-brain barrier breakdown and behavioural deficits induced by chronic hypoperfusion would be exacerbated in mice deficient in the transcription factor Nrf2. METHODS Mice deficient in Nrf2 (male heterozygote or homozygous for Nrf2 knockout) or wild-type littermates on a C57Bl6/J background underwent bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion or sham surgery and survived for a further 6 weeks. White matter pathology was assessed with MAG immunohistochemistry as a marker of altered axon-glial integrity; alterations to astrocytes and microglia/macrophages were assessed with GFAP and Iba1 immunohistochemistry, and blood-brain barrier breakdown was assessed with IgG immunohistochemistry. Behavioural alterations were assessed using 8-arm radial arm maze, and alterations to Nrf2-related and inflammatory-related genes were assessed with qRT-PCR. RESULTS Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced white matter pathology, elevated microglial/macrophage levels and blood-brain barrier breakdown in white matter tracts that were increased in Nrf2+/- mice and further exacerbated by the complete absence of Nrf2. Chronic hypoperfusion induced white matter astrogliosis and induced an impairment in behaviour assessed with radial arm maze; however, these measures were not affected by Nrf2 deficiency. Although Nrf2-related antioxidant gene expression was not altered by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, there was evidence for elevated pro-inflammatory related gene expression following chronic hypoperfusion that was not affected by Nrf2 deficiency. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that the absence of Nrf2 exacerbates white matter pathology and microgliosis following cerebral hypoperfusion but does not affect behavioural impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Sigfridsson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Martina Marangoni
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
- Present address: Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giles E. Hardingham
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
- The UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karen Horsburgh
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
| | - Jill H. Fowler
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Chancellor’s Building, 49 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB UK
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 702:108698. [PMID: 33259796 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In addition to ATP synthesis, mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that modulate apoptosis, ferroptosis, and inflammasome activation. Through executing these varied functions, the mitochondria play critical roles in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and Friedreich ataxia, among others. Impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and abnormal mitochondrial dynamics contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases. Additionally, dysfunctional mitochondria play critical roles in signaling for both inflammasome activation and ferroptosis. Therapeutics are being developed to circumvent inflammasome activation and ferroptosis in dysfunctional mitochondria. Targeting these aspects of mitochondrial dysfunction may present viable therapeutic strategies for combatting the neurodegenerative diseases. This review aims to summarize the role of the mitochondria in the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and to present current therapeutic approaches that target mitochondrial dysfunction in these diseases.
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Netrin-1 protects the SH-SY5Y cells against amyloid beta neurotoxicity through NF-κB/Nrf2 dependent mechanism. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9271-9277. [PMID: 33206363 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05996-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Many evidence confirms that amyloid beta 1-42 fragment (Aβ1-42) causes neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and cell death, which are related to progressive memory loss, cognitive impairments and mental disorders that will lead to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression. Netrin-1, as a member of the laminins, has been proved to inhibit apoptosis and inflammation outside of nervous system, in addition to having a vital role in morphogenesis and neurogenesis of neural system. This study was designed to assess the protective effects of netrin-1 in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line exposed to Aβ1-42 and to explore some mechanisms that underlie netrin-1 effects. Cultured SH-SY5Y neuroblast-like cells were treated with netrin-1 prior to Aβ1-42 exposure and the effects were assessed by MTT and ELISA assay kits. Netrin- 1 pretreatment of Aβ1-42-exposed SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells attenuated Aβ1-42 induced toxic effects, increased cell viability and partially restored levels of 3 inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers including: nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (Nrf2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and nuclear factor kappa-light chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Based on the findings of this study, netrin-1 represents a promising therapeutic bio agent to abrogate cellular inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation induced by Aβ1-42 in the SH-SY5Y cell model of AD.
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Chartoumpekis DV, Fu CY, Ziros PG, Sykiotis GP. Patent Review (2017-2020) of the Keap1/Nrf2 Pathway Using PatSeer Pro: Focus on Autoimmune Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111138. [PMID: 33212784 PMCID: PMC7697445 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the antioxidant pathway comprising the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its cytoplasmic inhibitor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) is ever increasing. As modulators of this pathway have started to be used in clinical trials and clinical practice, Nrf2 has become the subject of several patents. To assess the patent landscape of the last three years on Nrf2 and evaluate the main fields they refer to, we used the web-based tool PatSeer Pro to identify patents mentioning the Nrf2 pathway between January 2017 and May 2020. This search resulted in 509 unique patents that focus on topics such as autoimmune, neurodegenerative, liver, kidney, and lung diseases and refer to modulators (mainly activators) of the Nrf2 pathway as potential treatments. Autoimmunity emerged as the main theme among the topics of Nrf2 patents, including a broad range of diseases, such as systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel diseases, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, etc.; however, there was a dearth of experimental support for the respective patents' claims. Given that chronic inflammation is the main element of the pathophysiology of most autoimmune diseases, the majority of patents referring to activation of Nrf2 as a method to treat autoimmune diseases base their claims on the well-established anti-inflammatory role of Nrf2. In conclusion, there is strong interest in securing intellectual property rights relating to the potential use of Nrf2 pathway activators in a variety of diseases, and this trend parallels the rise in related research publications. However, in the case of autoimmunity, more research is warranted to support the potential beneficial effects of Nrf2 modulation in each disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios V. Chartoumpekis
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Chun-Yan Fu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Panos G. Ziros
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.)
| | - Gerasimos P. Sykiotis
- Service of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Lausanne University Hospital, and Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; (D.V.C.); (P.G.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-21-314-0606
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Schepici G, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Efficacy of Sulforaphane in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228637. [PMID: 33207780 PMCID: PMC7698208 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytocompound belonging to the isothiocyanate family. Although it was also found in seeds and mature plants, SFN is mainly present in sprouts of many cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. SFN is produced by the conversion of glucoraphanin through the enzyme myrosinase, which leads to the formation of this isothiocyanate. SFN is especially characterized by antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, and for this reason, it aroused the interest of researchers. The aim of this review is to summarize the experimental studies present on Pubmed that report the efficacy of SFN in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, thanks to its beneficial effects, SFN could be useful as a supplement to counteracting neurodegenerative diseases.
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Qu Z, Sun J, Zhang W, Yu J, Zhuang C. Transcription factor NRF2 as a promising therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:87-102. [PMID: 32730855 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered as one of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of AD. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (NRF2) is a key regulatory of oxidative stress defence. There is growing evidence indicating the relationship between NRF2 and AD. NRF2 activation mitigates multiple pathogenic processes involved in AD by upregulating antioxidative defense, inhibiting neuroinflammation, improving mitochondrial function, maintaining proteostasis, and inhibiting ferroptosis. In addition, several NRF2 activators are currently being evaluated as AD therapeutic agents in clinical trials. Thus, targeting NRF2 has been the focus of a new strategy for prevention and treatment of AD. In this review, the role of NRF2 in AD and the NRF2 activators advanced into clinical and preclinical studies will be summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, 409 Guangrong Road, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianqiang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Chunlin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China; School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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Direct inhibition of Keap1-Nrf2 Protein-Protein interaction as a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Silhan D, Bartos A, Mrzilkova J, Pashkovska O, Ibrahim I, Tintera J. The Parietal Atrophy Score on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a Reliable Visual Scale. Curr Alzheimer Res 2020; 17:534-539. [PMID: 32851946 PMCID: PMC7569282 DOI: 10.2174/1567205017666200807193957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims The purpose of the study was to evaluate the reliability of our new visual scale for a quick atrophy assessment of parietal lobes on brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) among different professionals. A good agreement would justify its use for differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias, especially early-onset Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), in clinical settings. Methods The visual scale named the Parietal Atrophy Score (PAS) is based on a semi-quantitative assessment ranging from 0 (no atrophy) to 2 (prominent atrophy) in three parietal structures (sulcus cingularis posterior, precuneus, parietal gyri) on T1-weighted MRI coronal slices through the whole parietal lobes. We used kappa statistics to evaluate intra-rater and inter-rater agreement among four raters who independently scored parietal atrophy using PAS. Rater 1 was a neuroanatomist (JM), rater 2 was an expert in MRI acquisition and analysis (II), rater 3 was a medical student (OP) and rater 4 was a neurologist (DS) who evaluated parietal atrophy twice in a 3-month interval to assess intra-rater agreement. All raters evaluated the same 50 parietal lobes on brain MRI of 25 cognitively normal individuals with even distribution across all atrophy degrees from none to prominent according to the neurologist’s rating. Results Intra-rater agreement was almost perfect with the kappa value of 0.90. Inter-rater agreement was moderate to substantial with kappa values ranging from 0.43-0.86. Conclusion The Parietal Atrophy Score is the reliable visual scale among raters of different professions for a quick evaluation of parietal lobes on brain MRI within 1-2 minutes. We believe it could be used as an adjunct measure in differential diagnosis of dementias, especially early-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Silhan
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Bartos
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Mrzilkova
- Department of Anatomy, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Pashkovska
- Department of Neurology, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ibrahim Ibrahim
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Tintera
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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Hannan MA, Dash R, Sohag AAM, Haque MN, Moon IS. Neuroprotection Against Oxidative Stress: Phytochemicals Targeting TrkB Signaling and the Nrf2-ARE Antioxidant System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:116. [PMID: 32714148 PMCID: PMC7346762 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of several brain-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and ischemic stroke, which are the major causes of dementia. The Nrf2-ARE (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant responsive element antioxidant) system, the primary cellular defense against OS, plays an essential role in neuroprotection by regulating the expressions of antioxidant molecules and enzymes. However, simultaneous events resulting in the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deregulation of the Nrf2-ARE system damage essential cell components and cause loss of neuron structural and functional integrity. On the other hand, TrkB (tropomyosin-related kinase B) signaling, a classical neurotrophin signaling pathway, regulates neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity, which play pivotal roles in memory and cognition. Also, TrkB signaling, specifically the TrkB/PI3K/Akt (TrkB/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B) pathway promotes the activation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and thus, confers neuroprotection against OS. However, the TrkB signaling pathway is also known to be downregulated in brain disorders due to lack of neurotrophin support. Therefore, activations of TrkB and the Nrf2-ARE signaling system offer a potential approach to the design of novel therapeutic agents for brain disorders. Here, we briefly overview the development of OS and the association between OS and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury. We propose the cellular antioxidant defense and TrkB signaling-mediated cell survival systems be considered pharmacological targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and review the literature on the neuroprotective effects of phytochemicals that can co-activate these neuronal defense systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Haque
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
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Yang X, Ji J, Liu C, Zhou M, Li H, Ye S, Hu Q. HJ22, a Novel derivative of piperine, Attenuates ibotenic acid-induced cognitive impairment, oxidativestress, apoptosis and inflammation via inhibiting the protein-protein interaction of Keap1-Nrf2. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106383. [PMID: 32193099 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kelch-like ECH-associated protein (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein-protein interaction has become an important drug target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we found a novel piperine derivative (HJ22) synthesized by our group with great ability to bind to Keap-1 and activate Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in vitro, driving us to investigate the beneficial effects of HJ22 on ibotenic acid (IBO)-induced neurological disorders in rats and underlying mechanisms. Interestingly, HJ22 significantly ameliorated IBO-induced cognitive impairment in Morris water maze, Y-maze and passive avoidance tests. Moreover, HJ22 significantly attenuated cholinergic dysfunction and neuronal morphological changes via inhibiting apoptotic cell death induced by IBO. Notably, HJ22 inhibited the interaction between Keap1 and Nrf2, and subsequently up-regulated nuclear Nrf2 expression, thereby inhibiting oxidative stress and Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)-mediated Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. These findings demonstrated that HJ22 exhibited potent therapeutic effects against IBO-induced cognitive impairment by alleviating cholinergic damage, oxidative stress, apoptosis and neuroinflammation, which might be partly attributed to its inhibitory activity on Keap1-Nrf2 protein-protein interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiping Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Jing Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Mengze Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Huanqiu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Shumin Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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Nrf2 Ablation Promotes Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice: The Role of Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3050971. [PMID: 32454936 PMCID: PMC7238335 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3050971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the slow progressive deterioration of AD is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the brain. Nuclear factor erythroid 2- (NF-E2-) related factor 2 (Nrf2), which acts through the Nrf2/ARE pathway, is a key regulator of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response. Although recent data show a link between Nrf2 and AD-related cognitive decline, the mechanism is still unknown. Thus, we explored how Nrf2 protects brain cells against the oxidative stress and inflammation of AD in a mouse model of AD (APP/PS1 transgenic (AT) mice) with genetic removal of Nrf2. Methods The spatial learning and memory abilities of 12-month-old transgenic mice were evaluated using a Morris water maze test. Hippocampal levels of Nrf2, Aβ, and p-tauS404 and of astrocytes and microglia were determined by immunostaining. Inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Oxidative stress was measured by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine immunohistochemistry, and the antioxidant response was determined by qRT-PCR. Results The spatial learning and memory abilities of AT mice were impaired after Nrf2 deletion. Aβ and p-tauS404 accumulation was increased in the hippocampus of AT/Nrf2-KO mice. Astroglial and microglial activation was exacerbated, followed by upregulation of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Conclusion Our present results show that Nrf2 deficiency aggravates AD-like pathology in AT mice. This phenotype was associated with increased levels of oxidative and proinflammatory markers, which suggests that the Nrf2 pathway may be a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Quintanilla RA, Pérez MJ, Aranguiz A, Tapia-Monsalves C, Mendez G. Activation of the Melanocortin-4 Receptor Prevents Oxidative Damage and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons Exposed to Ethanol. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:421-433. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Wei C, Fan J, Sun X, Yao J, Guo Y, Zhou B, Shang Y. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid ameliorates cognitive deficits and reduces amyloid-β levels in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 150:96-108. [PMID: 32109514 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disease involved oxidative stress and inflammation in its pathogenesis. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) is an active triterpenoid compound from extracts of Boswellia serrata, which has been widely used as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. The present study was to determine whether AKBA, a novel candidate, could protect against cognitive and neuropathological impairments in AD. We found that AKBA treatment resulted in a significant improvement of learning and memory deficits, a dramatic decrease in cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and plaque burden, a profound alleviation in oxidative stress and inflammation, and a marked reduction in activated glial cells and synaptic defects in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Furthermore, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing was remarkably suppressed with AKBA treatment by inhibiting beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) protein expression to produce Aβ in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice brains. Mechanistically, AKBA modulated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways via increasing nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression, and via declining phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappa B alpha (IκBα) and p65. Collectively, our findings provide evidence that AKBA protects neurons against oxidative stress and inflammation in AD, and this neuroprotective effect involves the Nrf2/HO-1 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Jiao Fan
- Institute of Geriatrics, National Clinical Research Center of Geriatrics Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiarui Yao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yane Guo
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yanchang Shang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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Saad El-Din S, Rashed L, Medhat E, Emad Aboulhoda B, Desoky Badawy A, Mohammed ShamsEldeen A, Abdelgwad M. Active form of vitamin D analogue mitigates neurodegenerative changes in Alzheimer's disease in rats by targeting Keap1/Nrf2 and MAPK-38p/ERK signaling pathways. Steroids 2020; 156:108586. [PMID: 31982424 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2020.108586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor2 (Nrf2), a chief transcriptional regulator of antioxidant response element (ARE), is considered a promising target for the prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vitamin D has been recognized to have a crucial role in improving AD cognitive functions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of active vitamin D analogue, Maxacalcitol, on Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in experimental Alzheimer's disease in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted on thirty female white albino rats divided equally into 3 groups: control group, Alzheimer group induced by Lipopolysaccharide and Alzheimer group treated with active vitamin D3 analogue, Maxacalcitol. The following parameters were assessed in rat brain tissues: Gene expression of Nrf2, Keap1 and MAF by RT-PCR, protein levels of phosphorylated MAPK-38p and ERK1/2 by Western Blot Technique, estimation of HO-1, Amyloid β, p-Tau levels and serum levels of TNFα, IL-10 and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium levels, GSH and MDA levels were also estimated in addition to cognitive function tests and histo-pathological examination of rat brain tissues. RESULTS In Alzheimer group, there was a significant deficit in cognition along with down-regulation of gene expression of Nrf2 and the protein levels of its downstream antioxidant effectors (HO-1 and GSH) with increased levels of the lipid peroxidation biomarker MDA. Also, there was increased neuro-inflammation as evidenced by increased levels of TNFα and decreased levels of IL-10. Moreover, there were increased amyloid β load and enhanced levels of phosphorylation of MAPK-38 and ERK1/2 leading to hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein. In addition, there were decreased serum levels of both total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium. Treatment with vitamin D3 analogue, Maxacalcitol significantly improved cognitive dysfunction and histopathological picture of the brains of Alzheimer rats. Also, Vitamin D analogue significantly increased expression of Nrf2 and its downstream effectors (HO-1 and GSH), improved serum levels of total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium, decreased neuro-inflammation and Amyloid β load as well as hyperphosphorylation of MAPK-38, ERK1/2 and tau proteins were also observed. Therefore, these data suggest that vitamin D analogue, Maxacalcitol could be used as a therapeutic agent in treatment of Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Saad El-Din
- The Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Laila Rashed
- The Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Engy Medhat
- The Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Desoky Badawy
- The Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, Egypt
| | | | - Marwa Abdelgwad
- The Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Gureev AP, Popov VN, Starkov AA. Crosstalk between the mTOR and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways as a target in the improvement of long-term potentiation. Exp Neurol 2020; 328:113285. [PMID: 32165256 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a significant progress was made in understanding molecular mechanisms of long-term memory. Long-term memory formation requires strengthening of neuronal connections (LTP, long-term potentiation) associated with structural rearrangement of neurons. The key role in the synthesis of proteins essential for these rearrangements belong to mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) complexes and signaling pathways involved in mTOR regulation. Suppression of mTOR activity may impair synaptic plasticity and long-term memory, while mTOR activation inhibits autophagy, thereby potentiating amyloidosis and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) accompanied by irreversible memory loss. Because of this, suppression/inhibition of mTOR might have unpredictable consequences on memory. The Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway affects almost all mitochondrial processes. The activation of this pathway improves memory and exhibits therapeutic effect in AD. In this review, we discuss the crosstalk between the Nrf2/ARE signaling and mTOR in the maintenance of synaptic plasticity. Nrf2 pathway can be activated by pharmacological agents and by changes in mitochondria functioning accompanying various neuronal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily N Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, Voronezh, Russia; Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Nrf2 Suppresses Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in App Knock-In Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00467-19. [PMID: 31932477 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00467-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 (NF-E2-related-factor 2) is a stress-responsive transcription factor that protects cells against oxidative stresses. To clarify whether Nrf2 prevents Alzheimer's disease (AD), AD model AppNL-G-F/NL-G-F knock-in (AppNLGF ) mice were studied in combination with genetic Nrf2 induction model Keap1FA/FA mice. While AppNLGF mice displayed shorter latency to escape than wild-type mice in the passive-avoidance task, the impairment was improved in AppNLGF ::Keap1FA/FA mice. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging revealed that reduced glutathione levels were elevated by Nrf2 induction in AppNLGF ::Keap1FA/FA mouse brains compared to AppNLGF mouse brains. Genetic Nrf2 induction in AppNLGF mice markedly suppressed the elevation of the oxidative stress marker 8-OHdG and Iba1-positive microglial cell number. We also determined the plasmalogen-phosphatidylethanolamine (PlsPE) level as an AD biomarker. PlsPE containing polyunsaturated fatty acids was decreased in the AppNLGF mouse brain, but Nrf2 induction attenuated this decline. To evaluate whether pharmacological induction of Nrf2 elicits beneficial effects for AD treatment, we tested the natural compound 6-MSITC [6-(methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate]. Administration of 6-MSITC improved the impaired cognition of AppNLGF mice in the passive-avoidance task. These results demonstrate that the induction of Nrf2 ameliorates cognitive impairment in the AD model mouse by suppressing oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, suggesting that Nrf2 is an important therapeutic target of AD.
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Targeting Aggrephagy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020311. [PMID: 32012902 PMCID: PMC7072705 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in older individuals with specific neuropsychiatric symptoms. It is a proteinopathy, pathologically characterized by the presence of misfolded protein (Aβ and Tau) aggregates in the brain, causing progressive dementia. Increasing studies have provided evidence that the defect in protein-degrading systems, especially the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Recent studies have demonstrated that AD-associated protein aggregates can be selectively recognized by some receptors and then be degraded by ALP, a process termed aggrephagy. In this study, we reviewed the role of aggrephagy in AD development and discussed the strategy of promoting aggrephagy using small molecules for the treatment of AD.
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Wu YY, Zheng BR, Chen WZ, Guo MS, Huang YH, Zhang Y. Expression and role of autophagy related protein p62 and LC3 in the retina in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:21-28. [PMID: 31956566 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.01.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the expression and possible role of the autophagy related protein p62 and LC3 in the retina based on a rat model of acute ocular hypertension. METHODS Fifty rats were randomized into five groups: control group A, B, C, and D. Groups A to D all received normal saline perfusion into the anterior chamber with pressure of 80 mm Hg for one hour, and retina tissue was obtained at 6, 12, 24 and 48h after perfusion respectively, to investigate the activation of autophagy following ischemia-reperfusion. The distribution and semi-quantification of autophagy related protein p62 and LC3 in the retina were detected using immunohistochemistry technique. The expression level of these two proteins was evaluated using Western blot. RESULTS The number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) decreased with increasing reperfusion time, and significant reduction in the retinal thickness was observed 48h after perfusion. In normal adult rats, LC3 protein was mainly expressed in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and p62 protein was expressed in the nerve fiber layer (NFL), GCL, inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL). In comparison to the control group, the expression level of LC3- II was higher in all the experimental groups (P<0.05), with the peak expression at 12h after reperfusion. Additionally, the expression level of p62 was higher in all the experimental groups than the control (P<0.05, except for group A), with the peak level occurred 24h after reperfusion. CONCLUSION Both p62 and LC3 show low level and uneven expression in the retina of normal adult rats. Acute ocular hypertension can lead to upregulation of LC3- II and p62 expression in the retina. Autophagy flux is damaged 12h after reperfusion, potentially resulting in further loss of RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Bing-Ru Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Wan-Zhu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yi-Hong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, Fujian Province, China
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Dong Y, Stewart T, Bai L, Li X, Xu T, Iliff J, Shi M, Zheng D, Yuan L, Wei T, Yang X, Zhang J. Coniferaldehyde attenuates Alzheimer's pathology via activation of Nrf2 and its targets. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:179-200. [PMID: 31903114 PMCID: PMC6929631 DOI: 10.7150/thno.36722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) currently lacks a cure. Because substantial neuronal damage usually occurs before AD is advanced enough for diagnosis, the best hope for disease-modifying AD therapies likely relies on early intervention or even prevention, and targeting multiple pathways implicated in early AD pathogenesis rather than focusing exclusively on excessive production of β-amyloid (Aβ) species. Methods: Coniferaldehyde (CFA), a food flavoring and agonist of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), was selected by multimodal in vitro screening, followed by investigation of several downstream effects potentially involved. Furthermore, in the APP/PS1 AD mouse model, the therapeutic effects of CFA (0.2 mmol kg-1d-1) were tested beginning at 3 months of age. Behavioral phenotypes related to learning and memory capacity, brain pathology and biochemistry, including Aβ transport, were assessed at different time intervals. Results: CFA promoted neuron viability and showed potent neuroprotective effects, especially on mitochondrial structure and functions. In addition, CFA greatly enhanced the brain clearance of Aβ in both free and extracellular vesicle (EV)-contained Aβ forms. In the APP/PS1 mouse model, CFA effectively abolished brain Aβ deposits and reduced the level of toxic soluble Aβ peptides, thus eliminating AD-like pathological changes in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex and preserving learning and memory capacity of the mice. Conclusion: The experimental evidence overall indicated that Nrf2 activation may contribute to the potent anti-AD effects of CFA. With an excellent safety profile, further clinical investigation of coniferaldehyde might bring hope for AD prevention/therapy.
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FA-97, a New Synthetic Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Derivative, Protects against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Neuronal Cell Apoptosis and Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Activating Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8239642. [PMID: 31885818 PMCID: PMC6914945 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8239642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive deficits, which is becoming markedly more common in the world. Currently, the exact cause of AD is still unclear, and no curative therapy is available for preventing or mitigating the disease progression. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), a natural phenolic compound derived from honeybee hive propolis, has been reported as a potential therapeutic agent against AD, while its application is limited due to the low water solubility and poor bioavailability. Here, caffeic acid phenethyl ester 4-O-glucoside (FA-97) is synthesized. We validate that FA-97 attenuates H2O2-induced apoptosis in SH-SY5Y and PC12 cells and suppresses H2O2-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the ROS level, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and protein carbonylation level, as well as induces cellular glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Mechanistically, FA-97 promotes the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of Nrf2 associated with the upregulated expression of HO-1 and NQO-1. The prime importance of Nrf2 activation in the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of FA-97 is verified by Nrf2 siRNA transfection. In addition, FA-97 prevents scopolamine- (SCOP-) induced learning and memory impairments in vivo via reducing neuronal apoptosis and protecting against cholinergic system dysfunction in the hippocampus and cortex. Moreover, the increased MDA level and low total antioxidant capacity in SCOP-treated mouse brains are reversed by FA-97, with the increased expression of HO-1, NQO-1, and nuclear Nrf2. In conclusion, FA-97 protects against oxidative stress-mediated neuronal cell apoptosis and SCOP-induced cognitive impairment by activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, which might be developed as a therapeutic drug for AD.
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Neuroprotection of Indole-Derivative Compound NC001-8 by the Regulation of the NRF2 Pathway in Parkinson's Disease Cell Models. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5074367. [PMID: 31781339 PMCID: PMC6874971 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5074367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease accompanied by a loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. The development of therapies to prevent disease progression is the main goal of drug discovery. There is increasing evidence that oxidative stress and antioxidants may contribute to the pathogenesis and treatment of PD, respectively. In the present study, we investigated the antioxidative protective effects of the indole-derivative compound NC001-8 in DAergic neurons derived from SH-SY5Y cells and PD-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (PD-iPSCs) carrying a PARKIN ex5del mutation. In SH-SY5Y-differentiated DAergic neurons under 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment, NC001-8 remarkably reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cleaved caspase 3; upregulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1); and promoted neuronal viability. In contrast, NRF2 knockdown abolished the effect of NC001-8 on the reduction of ROS and improvement of neuronal viability. In H2O2-treated DAergic neurons differentiated from PD-iPSCs, NC001-8 rescued the aberrant increase in ROS and cleaved caspase 3 by upregulating NRF2 and NQO1. Our results demonstrated the protective effect of NC001-8 in DAergic neurons via promoting the NRF2 antioxidative pathway and reducing ROS levels. We anticipate that our present in vitro assays may be a starting point for more sophisticated in vivo models or clinical trials that evaluate the potential of NC001-8 as a disease modifier for PD.
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Icariin improves the cognitive function of APP/PS1 mice via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Life Sci 2019; 234:116739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shaping the Nrf2-ARE-related pathways in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100942. [PMID: 31415806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A failure in redox homeostasis is a common hallmark of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD), two age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders (NDD), causing increased oxidative stress, oxidized/damaged biomolecules, altered neuronal function and consequent cell death. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox-regulated transcription factor, results in upregulation of cytoprotective and antioxidant enzymes/proteins, protecting against oxidative stress. Nrf2 regulation is achieved by various proteins and pathways, at both cytoplasmatic and nuclear level; however, the elaborate network of mechanisms involved in Nrf2 regulation may restrain Nrf2 pathway normal activity. Indeed, altered Nrf2 activity is involved in aging and NDD, such as AD and PD. Therefore, understanding the diversity of Nrf2 control mechanisms and regulatory proteins is of high interest, since more effective NDD therapeutics can be identified. In this review, we first introduce Keap1-Nrf2-ARE structure, function and regulation, with a special focus on the several pathways involved in Nrf2 positive and negative modulation, namely p62, PKC, PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β, NF-kB and p38 MAPK. We then briefly describe the evidences for oxidative stress and Nrf2 pathway deregulation in different stages of NDDs. Finally, we discuss the potential of Nrf2-related pathways as potential therapeutic targets to possibly prevent or slowdown NDD progression.
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Chu Q, Zhu Y, Cao T, Zhang Y, Chang Z, Liu Y, Lu J, Zhang Y. Studies on the Neuroprotection of Osthole on Glutamate-Induced Apoptotic Cells and an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model via Modulation Oxidative Stress. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:634-644. [PMID: 31407160 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the neuroprotection of osthole (OST) was confirmed. In L-glutamic acid (L-Glu)-damaged HT22 cells, a 3-h pre-incubation with OST-enhanced cell viability suppressed the apoptosis rate; inhibited the activities of caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9; reduced the over-accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species; restored the dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential; and regulated the expression levels of B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bax, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), NF-E2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and its downstream proteins. In amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice, an 8-week OST administration improved the pathological behaviors related to memory and cognition, and reduced the expression levels of 4-hydroxynonenal, the deposition of β-amyloid peptides and neuronal fiber tangles formed by the high phosphor-Tau in the brain. OST enhanced the expression levels of Nrf2 and its downstream proteins including superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The present data confirmed the protection of OST against AD-like symptoms via modulating oxidative stress, especially Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiubo Chu
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Tianjiao Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Zecheng Chang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China.
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Zhang RJ, Li Y, Liu Q, Gao YJ, Du J, Ma J, Sun SG, Wang L. Differential Expression Profiles and Functional Prediction of Circular RNAs and Long Non-coding RNAs in the Hippocampus of Nrf2-Knockout Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:196. [PMID: 31447646 PMCID: PMC6697070 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nrf2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2) is believed to play a major role in neurodegenerative diseases. The present study attempts to investigate the hippocampal circRNA and lncRNA expression profiles associated with Nrf2-mediated neuroprotection. METHODS The hippocampal mRNA, circRNA and lncRNA expression profiles of Nrf2 (-/-) mice were determined by a microarray analysis. Bioinformatics analyses, including identification of differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), circRNAs (DEcircRNAs) and lncRNAs (DElncRNAs), DEcircRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA interaction network construction, DElncRNA-DEmRNA co-expression network construction, and biological function annotation, were conducted. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the dysregulated expression of circRNAs and lncRNAs derived from the microarray data of the hippocampus of Nrf2 (-/-) mice. RESULTS Compared to wild-type Nrf2 (+/+) mice, 412 DEmRNAs (109 up- and 303 down-regulated mRNAs), 1279 DEcircRNAs (632 up- and 647 down-regulated circRNAs), and 303 DElncRNAs (50 up- and 253 down-regulated lncRNAs) were identified in the hippocampus of Nrf2 (-/-) mice. Additionally, in the qRT-PCR validation results, the expression patterns of selected DEcircRNAs and DElncRNAs were generally consistent with results in the microarray data. The DEcircRNA-miRNA-DEmRNA interaction networks revealed that mmu_circRNA_44531, mmu_circRNA_34132, mmu_circRNA_000903, mmu_circRNA_018676, mmu_circRNA_45901, mmu_circRNA_33836, mmu_circRNA_ 34137, mmu_circRNA_34106, mmu_circRNA_008691, and mmu_circRNA_003237 were predicted to compete with 47, 54, 45, 57, 63, 81, 121, 85, 181, and 43 DEmRNAs, respectively. ENSMUST00000125413, NR_028123, uc008nfy.1, AK076764, AK142725, AK080547, and AK035903 were co-expressed with 178, 89, 149, 179, 142, 55, and 112 DEmRNAs in the Nrf2 (-/-) hippocampus, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study might contribute to exploring the key circRNAs and lncRNAs associated with Nrf2-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Jiao Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yan-Jing Gao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shao-Guang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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NRF2/ARE pathway negatively regulates BACE1 expression and ameliorates cognitive deficits in mouse Alzheimer's models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:12516-12523. [PMID: 31164420 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1819541116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACE1 is the rate-limiting enzyme for amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) generation, a key event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). By an unknown mechanism, levels of BACE1 and a BACE1 mRNA-stabilizing antisense RNA (BACE1-AS) are elevated in the brains of AD patients, implicating that dysregulation of BACE1 expression plays an important role in AD pathogenesis. We found that nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (NRF2/NFE2L2) represses the expression of BACE1 and BACE1-AS through binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) in their promoters of mouse and human. NRF2-mediated inhibition of BACE1 and BACE1-AS expression is independent of redox regulation. NRF2 activation decreases production of BACE1 and BACE1-AS transcripts and Aβ production and ameliorates cognitive deficits in animal models of AD. Depletion of NRF2 increases BACE1 and BACE1-AS expression and Aβ production and worsens cognitive deficits. Our findings suggest that activation of NRF2 can prevent a key early pathogenic process in AD.
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Abstract
Targeted covalent modification is assuming consolidated importance in drug discovery. In this context, the electrophilic tuning of redox-dependent cell signaling is attracting major interest, as it opens prospect for treating numerous pathologic conditions. Herein, we discuss the rationale and the issues of electrophile-based approaches, focusing on the transcriptional Nrf2-Keap1 pathway as a test case. We also highlight relevant medicinal chemistry strategies researchers have devised to meet the ambitious goal, dwelling on the investigational and therapeutic potential of modulating redox-signaling networks through regulatory cysteine switches.
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Cuadrado A, Rojo AI, Wells G, Hayes JD, Cousin SP, Rumsey WL, Attucks OC, Franklin S, Levonen AL, Kensler TW, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Therapeutic targeting of the NRF2 and KEAP1 partnership in chronic diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:295-317. [PMID: 30610225 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 818] [Impact Index Per Article: 163.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-E2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by NFE2L2) and its principal negative regulator, the E3 ligase adaptor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), are critical in the maintenance of redox, metabolic and protein homeostasis, as well as the regulation of inflammation. Thus, NRF2 activation provides cytoprotection against numerous pathologies including chronic diseases of the lung and liver; autoimmune, neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders; and cancer initiation. One NRF2 activator has received clinical approval and several electrophilic modifiers of the cysteine-based sensor KEAP1 and inhibitors of its interaction with NRF2 are now in clinical development. However, challenges regarding target specificity, pharmacodynamic properties, efficacy and safety remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana I Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Department of Biochemistry and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols UAM-CSIC, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geoffrey Wells
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - John D Hayes
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Thomas W Kensler
- Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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79
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Lee W, Kim SH. Autophagy at synapses in neurodegenerative diseases. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:407-415. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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80
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Fang W, Liao W, Zheng Y, Huang X, Weng X, Fan S, Chen X, Zhang X, Chen J, Xiao S, Thea A, Luan P, Liu J. Neurotropin reduces memory impairment and neuroinflammation via BDNF/NF-κB in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:1541-1554. [PMID: 30972181 PMCID: PMC6456545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease with limited treatments and no cure. Neurotropin (NTP) is an analgesic drug widely prescribed for neuropathic pain. Increasing evidence suggests that NTP may also protect against neurodegeneration, but NTP's treatment potential against memory impairments of AD remains to be explored. APP/PS1 mice, which model AD, were given NTP for three months then cognitively tested with the Morris water maze. Their Aβ burden, microglial and astrocytic activation, and BDNF levels were compared to untreated controls using immunofluorescent staining. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and NF-κB pathway related proteins (p65 and IκB-α) were examined by ELISA or Western blots in vivo and in vitro in the microglia cell line. Lastly, BV-2 cells were pre-treated with the selective BDNF inhibitor ANA-12 and with NTP to examine mechanistic pathways. Taken together, NTP treatment reduced cognitive impairment, Aβ deposits, and glial activation in cortex and hippocampus APP/PS1 mice. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α also decreased after NTP treatment in vivo and in vitro, and BDNF levels rose. Also, NTP reduced p65 and IκB-α activation and the effect of NTP on pro-inflammatory cytokines and NF-κB pathway related proteins was abolished by BDNF inhibitor. Our results indicate that NTP reduces neuroinflammation and improves the cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice possibly via BDNF/NF-κB pathway. NTP may be a new promising drug candidate for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Fang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Liao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBelmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Yuqiu Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyun Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Houjie Hospital, Guangdong Medical UniversityDongguan 523945, Guangdong, China
| | - Xueling Weng
- Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengnuo Fan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- People’s Hospital of Zhongshan CityZhongshan 528403, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingmei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University HospitalKarolinska Sjukhuset, Sweden
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBelmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Anderson Thea
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBelmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ping Luan
- Medicine School, Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Laboratory of RNA and Major Diseases of Brain and Heart, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
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81
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Han Y, Nan S, Fan J, Chen Q, Zhang Y. Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides protect against Alzheimer's disease by regulating Nrf2 signaling and exerting antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:769-778. [PMID: 30878614 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOPS) was initially separated and purified via precipitation from an aqueous extract with 80% alcohol, a DEAE-52 cellulose anion exchange column, and a Sephadex G-100 gel permeation chromatography system. IOPS was found to have a molecular weight of 111.9 kDa. In L-glutamic acid (L-Glu)-damaged HT22 cells, a 3-h pre-incubation with IOPS enhanced cell viability, inhibited apoptosis and caspase-3 activity, reduced the release of lactate dehydrogenase, restored the dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, and suppressed the excess accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Compared with L-Glu-exposed cells, IOPS pre-treated cells exhibited reduced levels of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and enhanced levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), NF-E2p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. In amyloid precursor protein/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice, an 8-week course of IOPS improved the pathological behaviors related to memory and cognition, reduced the deposition of β-amyloid peptides and neuronal fiber tangles induced by enhanced phosphor-Tau in the brain, and modulated the levels of anti- and pro-oxidative stress enzymes. Additionally, IOPS enhanced the expression levels of Nrf2 and its downstream proteins, including HO-1 and SOD-1, in the brains of APP/PS1 mice. The present study successfully demonstrated the protective effect of IOPS against AD and revealed the possible mechanism underlying the ability of IOPS to modulate oxidative stress, especially Nrf2 signaling, and mediate mitochondrial apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Han
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Shanji Nan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qiuhui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Yizhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
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82
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Yu H, Yuan B, Chu Q, Wang C, Bi H. Protective roles of isoastilbin against Alzheimer's disease via Nrf2‑mediated antioxidation and anti‑apoptosis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 43:1406-1416. [PMID: 30664148 PMCID: PMC6365075 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
By analyzing the L‑glutamic acid (L‑Glu)‑induced apoptosis of PC12 cells and an AlCl3 combined with D‑galactose (D‑gal)‑developed Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model, the protective effects of isoastilbin (IAB) against AD were systematically investigated in the present study. Pre‑incubation with IAB for 3 h prior to treatment with 25 mM L‑Glu decreased cell viability and inhibited apoptosis, suppressed the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in PC12 cells induced by L‑Glu. In mice with AD, the reduced escape latency time in the water maze test, suppressed chronic movement in the center area of an open field test and enhanced ability to seek hidden food in a Y maze test indicated that abnormal behaviors had improved after 28 days of treatment with IAB. Furthermore, IAB reduced the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) and the expression of phosphorylated‑Tau in the mouse brain and enhanced the serum levels of Aβ. IAB ameliorated the oxidative stress via modulating the levels of associated enzymes and improved the functioning of the central cholinergic system, as indicated by an increase in acetylcholine and choline acetyltransferase concentrations. The expression levels of acetylcholine esterase were reduced in the mouse brain in response to IAB pre‑treatment. In cells and brain tissue, IAB regulated the expression levels of pro‑ and anti‑apoptotic proteins and enhanced the nuclear levels of NF‑E2p45‑related factor 2 (Nrf2); subsequently, IAB further enhanced the expression of superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and heme oxygenase‑1 and ‑2. The findings of the present study indicated that the protection of IAB against AD is at least partially associated with its antioxidation and anti‑apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yu
- Departments of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yuan
- Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qiubo Chu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Hui Bi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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83
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Abstract
The β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition is one of the major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Dysfunction in autophagy has been reported to lead to the Aβ deposition. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of treadmill exercise on autophagy activity and the Aβ deposition and to demonstrate whether exercise-induced reduction in the Aβ deposition was associated with changes in autophagy activity. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were divided into transgenic sedentary (TG-SED, n=12) and transgenic exercise (TG-EXE, n=12) groups. Wild-type mice were also divided into sedentary (WT-SED, n=12) and exercise (WT-EXE, n=12) groups. The WT-EXE and TG-EXE mice were subjected to treadmill exercise for 12 weeks. The levels of Aβ plaques and soluble forms of Aβ, autophagy markers light chain 3 and P62, and lysosomal marker lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (Lamp1) were measured in the hippocampus. Both Aβ plaques and soluble forms of Aβ (Aβ40 and Aβ42) were significantly increased in TG-SED mice compared with WT-SED mice, whereas exercise reduced Aβ deposition in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Coincidentally, TG-SED mice displayed a decrease in autophagy activity as evidenced by a significant increase in the levels of light chain 3-II and P62, as well as an accumulation of lysosome as evidenced by a significant over-expression of Lamp1. Interestingly, exercise increased autophagy activity as evidenced by a significant reduction in the levels of P62 and Lamp1 in TG-EXE mice. These findings suggest that treadmill exercise is efficient in decreasing Aβ deposition by enhancing autophagy–lysosomal activity in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, demonstrating a possible approach in Alzheimer’s disease prevention and treatment.
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84
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Ding Y, Bao X, Lao L, Ling Y, Wang Q, Xu S. p-Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol Prevents Memory Deficits by Increasing Neurotrophic Factors and Decreasing Inflammatory Factors in a Mice Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 67:1007-1019. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-180910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Ding
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Lifeng Lao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunxiang Ling
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinwen Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shujun Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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85
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Vasconcelos AR, Dos Santos NB, Scavone C, Munhoz CD. Nrf2/ARE Pathway Modulation by Dietary Energy Regulation in Neurological Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:33. [PMID: 30778297 PMCID: PMC6369171 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates the expression of an array of enzymes with important detoxifying and antioxidant functions. Current findings support the role of high levels of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Given the central role played by Nrf2 in counteracting oxidative damage, a number of studies have targeted the modulation of this transcription factor in order to confer neuroprotection. Nrf2 activity is tightly regulated by oxidative stress and energy-based stimuli. Thus, many dietary interventions based on energy intake regulation, such as dietary energy restriction (DER) or high-fat diet (HFD), modulate Nrf2 with consequences for a variety of cellular processes that affect brain health. DER, by either restricting calorie intake or meal frequency, activates Nrf2 thereby triggering its protective effects, whilst HFD inhibit this pathway, thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Consequently, DER protocols can be valuable strategies in the management of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Herein, we review current knowledge of the role of Nrf2 signaling in neurological diseases, namely Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis and cerebral ischemia, as well as the potential of energy intake regulation in the management of Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rodrigues Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Barreto Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinopharmacology and Immunomodulation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristoforo Scavone
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinopharmacology and Immunomodulation, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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86
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Therapeutic Approaches to Alzheimer’s Disease Through Modulation of NRF2. Neuromolecular Med 2019; 21:1-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-018-08523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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87
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Protective roles of Amanita caesarea polysaccharides against Alzheimer's disease via Nrf2 pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:29-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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88
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Fulop GA, Kiss T, Tarantini S, Balasubramanian P, Yabluchanskiy A, Farkas E, Bari F, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. Nrf2 deficiency in aged mice exacerbates cellular senescence promoting cerebrovascular inflammation. GeroScience 2018; 40:513-521. [PMID: 30470983 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-018-0047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-induced pro-inflammatory phenotypic alterations of the cerebral vasculature critically contribute to the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment. Cellular senescence is a fundamental aging process that promotes inflammation; however, its role in cerebrovascular aging remains unexplored. The present study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that advanced aging promotes cellular senescence in the cerebral vasculature. We found that in cerebral arteries of 24-month-old mice, expression of molecular markers of senescence (p16INK4a, p21) is upregulated as compared to that in young controls. Induction of senescence programs in cerebral arteries is associated by an upregulation of a wide range of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which are known to contribute to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in vascular cells. Age-related cerebrovascular senescence and inflammation are associated with neuroinflammation, as shown by the molecular footprint of microglia activation in the hippocampus. Genetic depletion of the pro-survival/anti-aging transcriptional regulator Nrf2 exacerbated age-related induction of senescence markers and inflammatory SASP factors and resulted in a heightened inflammatory status of the hippocampus. In conclusion, our studies provide evidence that aging and Nrf2 dysfunction promote cellular senescence in cerebral vessels, which may potentially cause or exacerbate age-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor A Fulop
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Division of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Priya Balasubramanian
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Bari
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. .,Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. .,Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. .,Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 NE 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.,Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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89
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Murphy K, Llewellyn K, Wakser S, Pontasch J, Samanich N, Flemer M, Hensley K, Kim DS, Park J. Mini-GAGR, an intranasally applied polysaccharide, activates the neuronal Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense system. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18242-18269. [PMID: 30282635 PMCID: PMC6254342 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress triggers and exacerbates neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Various antioxidants reduce oxidative stress, but these agents have little efficacy due to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Additionally, single-modal antioxidants are easily overwhelmed by global oxidative stress. Activating nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its downstream antioxidant system are considered very effective for reducing global oxidative stress. Thus far, only a few BBB-permeable agents activate the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system. Here, we discovered a BBB-bypassing Nrf2-activating polysaccharide that may attenuate AD pathogenesis. Mini-GAGR, a 0.7-kDa cleavage product of low-acyl gellan gum, increased the levels and activities of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) under oxidative stress in mouse cortical neurons, and robustly protected mitochondria from oxidative insults. Moreover, mini-GAGR increased the nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of Nrf2 similarly to known Nrf2 activators. Mechanistically, mini-GAGR increased the dissociation of Nrf2 from its inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Nrf2 in a protein kinase C (PKC)- and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR1)-dependent manner. Finally, 20-day intranasal treatment of 3xTg-AD mice with 100 nmol of mini-GAGR increased nuclear p-Nrf2 and growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43) levels in hippocampal neurons, reduced p-tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide-stained neurons, and improved memory. The BBB-bypassing Nrf2-activating polysaccharide reported here may be effective in reducing oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth Hensley
- Pathology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614 and
| | - Dong-Shik Kim
- the Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43607
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90
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Tian Y, Wang W, Xu L, Li H, Wei Y, Wu Q, Jia J. Activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway alleviates the cognitive deficits in PS1V97L-Tg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease through modulation of oxidative stress. J Neurosci Res 2018; 97:492-505. [PMID: 30461032 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to an imbalance between oxidative and antioxidative systems due to environmental factors. Although oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), its precise role is not yet understood. We aimed to investigate the pathogenic mechanisms of the oxidative stress by using in vitro cultured neurons and in vivo AD models of PS1V97L-transgenic (Tg) mice. Our results showed that when oxidative stress became increasingly evident, the endogenous protective pathway of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) decreased in 10-month-old PS1V97L-Tg mice. Activating the Nrf2/ARE pathway suppressed oxidative stress, decreased amyloid-β (Aβ), and improved the cognitive function of the PS1V97L-Tg mice. In contrast, blocking the Nrf2/ARE pathway augmented oxidative injury and decreased the cell viability of PS1V97L-Tg neurons. Our results highlight the role of the Nrf2/ARE pathway in regulating oxidative stress of the PS1V97L-Tg mice and may indicate a potential therapeutic avenue for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanruhua Tian
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingzhi Xu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoqi Wu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Center of Alzheimer's Disease, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing, China
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91
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Dinkova‐Kostova AT, Kostov RV, Kazantsev AG. The role of Nrf2 signaling in counteracting neurodegenerative diseases. FEBS J 2018; 285:3576-3590. [PMID: 29323772 PMCID: PMC6221096 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2) functions at the interface of cellular redox and intermediary metabolism. Nrf2 target genes encode antioxidant enzymes, and proteins involved in xenobiotic detoxification, repair and removal of damaged proteins and organelles, inflammation, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. The function of Nrf2 is altered in many neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Friedreich's ataxia. Nrf2 activation mitigates multiple pathogenic processes involved in these neurodegenerative disorders through upregulation of antioxidant defenses, inhibition of inflammation, improvement of mitochondrial function, and maintenance of protein homeostasis. Small molecule pharmacological activators of Nrf2 have shown protective effects in numerous animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, and in cultures of human cells expressing mutant proteins. Targeting Nrf2 signaling may provide a therapeutic option to delay onset, slow progression, and ameliorate symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albena T. Dinkova‐Kostova
- Division of Cancer ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeUK
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Rumen V. Kostov
- Division of Cancer ResearchSchool of MedicineUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Aleksey G. Kazantsev
- Department of NeurologyMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Present address:
Effective TherapeuticsCambridgeMAUSA
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92
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Thummayot S, Tocharus C, Jumnongprakhon P, Suksamrarn A, Tocharus J. Cyanidin attenuates Aβ 25-35-induced neuroinflammation by suppressing NF-κB activity downstream of TLR4/NOX4 in human neuroblastoma cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1439-1452. [PMID: 29671417 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanidin is polyphenolic pigment found in plants. We have previously demonstrated that cyanidin protects nerve cells against Aβ25-35-induced toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and attenuating apoptosis mediated by both the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and the ER stress pathway. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of cyanidin, we investigated the effects of cyanidin on neuroinflammation mediated by the TLR4/NOX4 pathway in Aβ25-35-treated human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH). SK-N-SH cells were exposed to Aβ25-35 (10 μmol/L) for 24 h. Pretreatment with cyanidin (20 μmol/L) or NAC (20 μmol/L) strongly inhibited the NF-κB signaling pathway in the cells evidenced by suppressing the degradation of IκBα, translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and thereby reducing the expression of iNOS protein and the production of NO. Furthermore, pretreatment with cyanidin greatly promoted the translocation of the Nrf2 protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus; upregulating cytoprotective enzymes, including HO-1, NQO-1 and GCLC; and increased the activity of SOD enzymes. Pretreatment with cyanidin also decreased the expression of TLR4, directly improved intracellular ROS levels and regulated the activity of inflammation-related downstream pathways including NO production and SOD activity through TLR4/NOX4 signaling. These results demonstrate that TLR4 is a primary receptor in SK-N-SH cells, by which Aβ25-35 triggers neuroinflammation, and cyanidin attenuates Aβ-induced inflammation and ROS production mediated by the TLR4/NOX4 pathway, suggesting that inhibition of TLR4 by cyanidin could be beneficial in preventing neuronal cell death in the process of Alzheimer's disease.
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93
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Tapias V, Jainuddin S, Ahuja M, Stack C, Elipenahli C, Vignisse J, Gerges M, Starkova N, Xu H, Starkov AA, Bettendorff L, Hushpulian DM, Smirnova NA, Gazaryan IG, Kaidery NA, Wakade S, Calingasan NY, Thomas B, Gibson GE, Dumont M, Beal MF. Benfotiamine treatment activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway and is neuroprotective in a transgenic mouse model of tauopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2874-2892. [PMID: 29860433 PMCID: PMC6077804 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucose metabolism, decreased levels of thiamine and its phosphate esters, and reduced activity of thiamine-dependent enzymes, such as pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and transketolase occur in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Thiamine deficiency exacerbates amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation and oxidative stress. Benfotiamine (BFT) rescued cognitive deficits and reduced Aβ burden in amyloid precursor protein (APP)/PS1 mice. In this study, we examined whether BFT confers neuroprotection against tau phosphorylation and the generation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the P301S mouse model of tauopathy. Chronic dietary treatment with BFT increased lifespan, improved behavior, reduced glycated tau, decreased NFTs and prevented death of motor neurons. BFT administration significantly ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuated oxidative damage and inflammation. We found that BFT and its metabolites (but not thiamine) trigger the expression of Nrf2/antioxidant response element (ARE)-dependent genes in mouse brain as well as in wild-type but not Nrf2-deficient fibroblasts. Active metabolites were more potent in activating the Nrf2 target genes than the parent molecule BFT. Docking studies showed that BFT and its metabolites (but not thiamine) bind to Keap1 with high affinity. These findings demonstrate that BFT activates the Nrf2/ARE pathway and is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of diseases with tau pathology, such as AD, frontotemporal dementia and progressive supranuclear palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tapias
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shari Jainuddin
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Manuj Ahuja
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Cliona Stack
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ceyhan Elipenahli
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julie Vignisse
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Meri Gerges
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Natalia Starkova
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hui Xu
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anatoly A Starkov
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lucien Bettendorff
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, GIGA-Neurosciences, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Dmitry M Hushpulian
- D. Rogachev Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Veropharm, Abbott EPD, 115088 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya A Smirnova
- D. Rogachev Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina G Gazaryan
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences, Pace University, Pleasantville, NY 10570, USA
- Department of Enzymology, School of Chemistry, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Navneet A Kaidery
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Sushama Wakade
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Noel Y Calingasan
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bobby Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Neurology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Gary E Gibson
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Burke Medical Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, White Plains, NY 10605, USA
| | - Magali Dumont
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - M Flint Beal
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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94
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Branca C, Ferreira E, Nguyen TV, Doyle K, Caccamo A, Oddo S. Genetic reduction of Nrf2 exacerbates cognitive deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:4823-4835. [PMID: 29036636 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms by which aging contributes to neurodegeneration remain elusive. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that regulates expression of a vast number of genes by binding to the antioxidant response element. Nrf2 levels decrease as a function of age, and reduced Nrf2 levels have been reported in postmortem human brains and animal models of AD. Nevertheless, it is still unknown whether Nrf2 plays a role in the cognitive deficits associated with AD. To address this question, we used a genetic approach to remove the Nrf2 gene from APP/PS1 mice, a widely used animal model of AD. We found that the lack of Nrf2 significantly exacerbates cognitive deficits in APP/PS1, without altering gross motor function. Specifically, we found an exacerbation of deficits in spatial learning and memory, as well as in working and associative memory. Different brain regions control these behavioral tests, indicating that the lack of Nrf2 has a global effect on brain function. The changes in cognition were linked to an increase in Aβ and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) levels, and microgliosis. The changes in IFNγ levels are noteworthy as previously published evidence indicates that IFNγ can increase microglia activation and induce Aβ production. Our data suggest a clear link between Nrf2 and AD-mediated cognitive decline and further strengthen the connection between Nrf2 and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Branca
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Eric Ferreira
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Thuy-Vi Nguyen
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Kristian Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.,The Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Antonella Caccamo
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Salvatore Oddo
- Arizona State University-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center at the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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95
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Rojo AI, Pajares M, García-Yagüe AJ, Buendia I, Van Leuven F, Yamamoto M, López MG, Cuadrado A. Deficiency in the transcription factor NRF2 worsens inflammatory parameters in a mouse model with combined tauopathy and amyloidopathy. Redox Biol 2018; 18:173-180. [PMID: 30029164 PMCID: PMC6052199 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic neuroinflammation is a hallmark of the onset and progression of brain proteinopathies such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and it is suspected to participate in the neurodegenerative process. Transcription factor NRF2, a master regulator of redox homeostasis, controls acute inflammation but its relevance in low-grade chronic inflammation of AD is inconclusive due to lack of good mouse models. We have addressed this question in a transgenic mouse that combines amyloidopathy and tauopathy with either wild type (AT-NRF2-WT) or NRF2-deficiency (AT-NRF2-KO). AT-NRF2-WT mice died prematurely, at around 14 months of age, due to motor deficits and a terminal spinal deformity but AT-NRF2-KO mice died roughly 2 months earlier. NRF2-deficiency correlated with exacerbated astrogliosis and microgliosis, as determined by an increase in GFAP, IBA1 and CD11b levels. The immunomodulatory molecule dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a drug already used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis whose main target is accepted to be NRF2, was tested in this preclinical model. Daily oral gavage of DMF during six weeks reduced glial and inflammatory markers and improved cognition and motor complications in the AT-NRF2-WT mice compared with the vehicle-treated animals. This study demonstrates the relevance of the inflammatory response in experimental AD, tightly regulated by NRF2 activity, and provides a new strategy to fight AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Rojo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", UAM-CSIC. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of MadridMadrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Pajares
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", UAM-CSIC. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Angel J García-Yagüe
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", UAM-CSIC. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Izaskun Buendia
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28029. Madrid, Spain
| | - Fred Van Leuven
- Experimental Genetics Group-LEGTEGG, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Manuela G López
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28029. Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII. Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", UAM-CSIC. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz) and Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of MadridMadrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Radiobiology Laboratory, "Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.
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96
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Tarantini S, Valcarcel-Ares MN, Yabluchanskiy A, Tucsek Z, Hertelendy P, Kiss T, Gautam T, Zhang XA, Sonntag WE, de Cabo R, Farkas E, Elliott MH, Kinter MT, Deak F, Ungvari Z, Csiszar A. Nrf2 Deficiency Exacerbates Obesity-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neurovascular Dysfunction, Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Neuroinflammation, Amyloidogenic Gene Expression, and Cognitive Decline in Mice, Mimicking the Aging Phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73:853-863. [PMID: 29905772 PMCID: PMC6001893 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has deleterious effects on cognitive function in the elderly adults. In mice, aging exacerbates obesity-induced oxidative stress, microvascular dysfunction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, and neuroinflammation, which compromise cognitive health. However, the specific mechanisms through which aging and obesity interact to remain elusive. Previously, we have shown that Nrf2 signaling plays a critical role in microvascular resilience to obesity and that aging is associated with progressive Nrf2 dysfunction, promoting microvascular impairment. To test the hypothesis that Nrf2 deficiency exacerbates cerebromicrovascular dysfunction induced by obesity Nrf2+/+ and Nrf2-/-, mice were fed an adipogenic high-fat diet (HFD). Nrf2 deficiency significantly exacerbated HFD-induced oxidative stress and cellular senescence, impairment of neurovascular coupling responses, BBB disruption, and microglia activation, mimicking the aging phenotype. Obesity in Nrf2-/- mice elicited complex alterations in the amyloidogenic gene expression profile, including upregulation of amyloid precursor protein. Nrf2 deficiency and obesity additively reduced long-term potentiation in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. Collectively, Nrf2 dysfunction exacerbates the deleterious effects of obesity, compromising cerebromicrovascular and brain health by impairing neurovascular coupling mechanisms, BBB integrity and synaptic function and promoting neuroinflammation. These results support a possible role for age-related Nrf2 dysfunction in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - M Noa Valcarcel-Ares
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Zsuzsanna Tucsek
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Peter Hertelendy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tripti Gautam
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Xin A Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Peggy & Charles Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Michael H Elliott
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Michael T Kinter
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City
| | - Ferenc Deak
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Peggy & Charles Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Translational Geroscience Laboratory, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Peggy & Charles Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
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97
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Protective Effects of Sulforaphane on Cognitive Impairments and AD-like Lesions in Diabetic Mice are Associated with the Upregulation of Nrf2 Transcription Activity. Neuroscience 2018; 381:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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98
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P62/SQSTM1 is a novel leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) substrate that enhances neuronal toxicity. Biochem J 2018. [PMID: 29519959 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal-dominant, missense mutations in the leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the most common genetic predisposition to develop Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 kinase activity is increased in several pathogenic mutations (N1437H, R1441C/G/H, Y1699C, G2019S), implicating hyperphosphorylation of a substrate in the pathogenesis of the disease. Identification of the downstream targets of LRRK2 is a crucial endeavor in the field to understand LRRK2 pathway dysfunction in the disease. We have identified the signaling adapter protein p62/SQSTM1 as a novel endogenous interacting partner and a substrate of LRRK2. Using mass spectrometry and phospho-specific antibodies, we found that LRRK2 phosphorylates p62 on Thr138 in vitro and in cells. We found that the pathogenic LRRK2 PD-associated mutations (N1437H, R1441C/G/H, Y1699C, G2019S) increase phosphorylation of p62 similar to previously reported substrate Rab proteins. Notably, we found that the pathogenic I2020T mutation and the risk factor mutation G2385R displayed decreased phosphorylation of p62. p62 phosphorylation by LRRK2 is blocked by treatment with selective LRRK2 inhibitors in cells. We also found that the amino-terminus of LRRK2 is crucial for optimal phosphorylation of Rab7L1 and p62 in cells. LRRK2 phosphorylation of Thr138 is dependent on a p62 functional ubiquitin-binding domain at its carboxy-terminus. Co-expression of p62 with LRRK2 G2019S increases the neurotoxicity of this mutation in a manner dependent on Thr138. p62 is an additional novel substrate of LRRK2 that regulates its toxic biology, reveals novel signaling nodes and can be used as a pharmacodynamic marker for LRRK2 kinase activity.
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99
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Dimethyl fumarate attenuates reactive microglia and long-term memory deficits following systemic immune challenge. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:100. [PMID: 29598822 PMCID: PMC5877396 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1125-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic inflammation is associated with increased cognitive decline and risk for Alzheimer’s disease. Microglia (MG) activated during systemic inflammation can cause exaggerated neuroinflammatory responses and trigger progressive neurodegeneration. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a FDA-approved therapy for multiple sclerosis. The immunomodulatory and anti-oxidant properties of DMF prompted us to investigate whether DMF has translational potential for the treatment of cognitive impairment associated with systemic inflammation. Methods Primary murine MG cultures were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the absence or presence of DMF. MG cultured from nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2-deficient (Nrf2−/−) mice were used to examine mechanisms of DMF actions. Conditioned media generated from LPS-primed MG were used to treat hippocampal neuron cultures. Adult C57BL/6 and Nrf2−/− mice were subjected to peripheral LPS challenge. Acute neuroinflammation, long-term memory function, and reactive astrogliosis were examined to assess therapeutic effects of DMF. Results DMF suppressed inflammatory activation of MG induced by LPS. DMF suppressed NF-κB activity through Nrf2-depedent and Nrf2-independent mechanisms in MG. DMF treatment reduced MG-mediated toxicity towards neurons. DMF suppressed brain-derived inflammatory cytokines in mice following peripheral LPS challenge. The suppressive effect of DMF on neuroinflammation was blunted in Nrf2−/− mice. Importantly, DMF treatment alleviated long-term memory deficits and sustained reactive astrogliosis induced by peripheral LPS challenge. DMF might mitigate neurotoxic astrocytes associated with neuroinflammation. Conclusions DMF treatment might protect neurons against toxic microenvironments produced by reactive MG and astrocytes associated with systemic inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1125-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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100
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Ren HL, Lv CN, Xing Y, Geng Y, Zhang F, Bu W, Wang MW. Downregulated Nuclear Factor E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Aggravates Cognitive Impairments via Neuroinflammation and Synaptic Plasticity in the Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mouse: A Model of Accelerated Senescence. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1132-1144. [PMID: 29474348 PMCID: PMC5833362 DOI: 10.12659/msm.908954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We observed the effects of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) downregulation via intrahippocampal injection of a lentiviral vector on cognition in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) to investigate the role of the (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway in age-related changes. Material/Methods Control lentivirus and Nrf2-shRNA-lentivirus were separately injected into the hippocampus of 4-month-old SAMR1 and SAMP8 mice and then successfully downregulated Nrf2 expression in this brain region. Five months later, cognitive function tests, including the novel object test, the Morris water maze test, and the passive avoidance task were conducted. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunohistochemistry was performed to observe an inflammatory response. Presynaptic synapsin (SYN) were observed by immunofluorescence. We then determined the Nrf2-regulated, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), P65, postsynaptic density protein (PSD), and SYN protein levels. The ultrastructure of neurons and synapses in the hippocampal CA1 region was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Results Aging led to a decline in cognitive function compared with SAMR1 mice and the Nrf2-shRNA-lentivirus further exacerbated the cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice. Nrf2, HO-1, PSD, and SYN levels were significantly reduced (all P<0.05) but high levels of inflammation were detected in SAMP8 mice with low expression of Nrf2. Furthermore, neurons were vacuolated, the number of organelles decreased, and the number of synapses decreased. Conclusions Downregulation of Nrf2 suppressed the Nrf2/ARE pathway, activated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and accelerated cognitive impairment in SAMP8 mice. Downregulation of Nrf2 accelerates the aging process through neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Nan Lv
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ying Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Geng
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Wei Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Ming Wei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland).,Brain Aging and Cognitive Neuroscience Key Laboratory of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
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