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Dujardin S, Colin M, Buée L. Invited review: Animal models of tauopathies and their implications for research/translation into the clinic. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 41:59-80. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dujardin
- Inserm, UMR1172 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre; Lille France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Lille; France
- Memory Clinic; CHRU; Lille France
| | - Morvane Colin
- Inserm, UMR1172 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre; Lille France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Lille; France
- Memory Clinic; CHRU; Lille France
| | - Luc Buée
- Inserm, UMR1172 Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre; Lille France
- Faculté de Médecine; Université de Lille; France
- Memory Clinic; CHRU; Lille France
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Pooters T, Van der Jeugd A, Callaerts-Vegh Z, D'Hooge R. Telencephalic neurocircuitry and synaptic plasticity in rodent spatial learning and memory. Brain Res 2015; 1621:294-308. [PMID: 25619550 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Spatial learning and memory in rodents represent close equivalents of human episodic declarative memory, which is especially sensitive to cerebral aging, neurodegeneration, and various neuropsychiatric disorders. Many tests and protocols are available for use in laboratory rodents, but Morris water maze and radial-arm maze remain the most widely used as well as the most valid and reliable spatial tests. Telencephalic neurocircuitry that plays functional roles in spatial learning and memory includes hippocampus, dorsal striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. Prefrontal-hippocampal circuitry comprises the major associative system in the rodent brain, and is critical for navigation in physical space, whereas interconnections between prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum are probably more important for motivational or goal-directed aspects of spatial learning. Two major forms of synaptic plasticity, namely long-term potentiation, a lasting increase in synaptic strength between simultaneously activated neurons, and long-term depression, a decrease in synaptic strength, have been found to occur in hippocampus, dorsal striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. These and other phenomena of synaptic plasticity are probably crucial for the involvement of telencephalic neurocircuitry in spatial learning and memory. They also seem to play a role in the pathophysiology of two brain pathologies with episodic declarative memory impairments as core symptoms, namely Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Further research emphasis on rodent telencephalic neurocircuitry could be relevant to more valid and reliable preclinical research on these most devastating brain disorders. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Brain and Memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Pooters
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 102 Tiensestraat, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Van der Jeugd
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 102 Tiensestraat, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 102 Tiensestraat, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, 102 Tiensestraat, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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Martel G, Simon A, Nocera S, Kalainathan S, Pidoux L, Blum D, Leclère-Turbant S, Diaz J, Geny D, Moyse E, Videau C, Buée L, Epelbaum J, Viollet C. Aging, but not tau pathology, impacts olfactory performances and somatostatin systems in THY-Tau22 mice. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1013-28. [PMID: 25433460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SOM) cortical levels decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in correlation with cognitive impairment severity, the latter being closely related to the presence of neurofibrillary tangles. Impaired olfaction is another hallmark of AD tightly related to tau pathology in the olfactory pathways. Recent studies showed that SOM modulates olfactory processing, suggesting that alterations in SOM levels participate to olfactory deficits in AD. Herein, we first observed that human olfactory peduncle and cortex are enriched in SOM cells and fibers, in aged postmortem brains. Then, the possible link between SOM alterations and olfactory deficits was evaluated by exploring the impact of age and tau hyperphosphorylation on olfactory SOM networks and behavioral performances in THY-Tau22 mice, a tauopathy transgenic model. Distinct molecular repertoires of SOM peptide and receptors were associated to sensory or cortical olfactory processing structures. Aging mainly affected SOM neurotransmission in piriform and entorhinal cortex in wild-type mice, although olfactory performances decreased. However, no further olfactory impairment was evidenced in THY-Tau22 mice until 12 months although tau pathology early affected olfactory cortical structures. Thus, tau hyperphosphorylation per se has a limited impact on olfactory performances in THY-Tau22 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Martel
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Axelle Simon
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sonia Nocera
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sahana Kalainathan
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Ludivine Pidoux
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - David Blum
- Inserm, UMR837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, IMPRT, F-59000, Lille, France; Université de Lille, UDSL, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | - Jorge Diaz
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - David Geny
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Moyse
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Videau
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Inserm, UMR837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, IMPRT, F-59000, Lille, France; Université de Lille, UDSL, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Viollet
- Inserm, UMR894, Center for Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006, Paris, France.
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Ahmed T, Blum D, Burnouf S, Demeyer D, Buée-Scherrer V, D'Hooge R, Buée L, Balschun D. Rescue of impaired late-phase long-term depression in a tau transgenic mouse model. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:730-9. [PMID: 25443285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive decline, the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and accompanying neuropsychiatric symptoms share dysfunctions of synaptic processes as a common cellular pathomechanism. Long-term potentiation has proven to be a sensitive tool for the "diagnosis" of such synaptic dysfunctions. Much less, however, is known about how long-term depression (LTD), an alternative mechanism for the storage of memory, is affected by Alzheimer's disease progression. Here, we demonstrate that impaired late LTD (>3 hours) in THY-Tau22 mice can be rescued by either inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3β) activity or by application of the protein-phosphatase 2A agonist selenate. In line with these findings, we observed increased phosphorylation of GSK3β at Y216 and reduced total phosphatase activity in biochemical assays of hippocampal tissue of THY-Tau22 mice. Interestingly, LTD induction and pharmacologic inhibition of GSK3β appeared to downregulate GSK3ß activity via a marked upregulation of phosphorylation at the inhibitory Ser9 residue. Our results point to alterations in phosphorylation and/or dephosphorylation homeostasis as key mechanisms underlying the deficits in LTD and hippocampus-dependent learning found in THY-Tau22 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ahmed
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Blum
- Université Lille-Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Inserm UMR837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille, France; CHRU-Lille, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Burnouf
- Université Lille-Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Inserm UMR837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille, France; Max-Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Köln, Germany
| | - Dominique Demeyer
- Université Lille-Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Inserm UMR837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Buée-Scherrer
- Université Lille-Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Inserm UMR837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille, France; CHRU-Lille, Lille, France
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Buée
- Université Lille-Nord de France, UDSL, Lille, France; Inserm UMR837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Lille, France; CHRU-Lille, Lille, France
| | - Detlef Balschun
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Jin H, Hu Z, Dong M, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Xu L. Ketamine induces tau hyperphosphorylation at serine 404 in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:1590-6. [PMID: 25206455 PMCID: PMC4145967 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.17.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Male Wistar 7-day-old rats were injected with 40 mg/kg ketamine intraperitoneally, followed by three additional injections of 20 mg/kg ketamine each upon restoration of the righting reflex. Neonatal rats injected with equivalent volumes of saline served as controls. Hippocampal samples were collected at 1, 7 or 14 days following administration. Electron microscopy showed that neuronal structure changed noticeably following ketamine treatment. Specifically, microtubular structure became irregular and disorganized. Quantitative real time-PCR revealed that phosphorylated tau mRNA was upregulated after ketamine. Western blot analysis demonstrated that phosphorylated tau levels at serine 396 initially decreased at 1 day after ketamine injection, and then gradually returned to control values. At 14 days after injection, levels of phosphorylated tau were higher in the ketamine group than in the control group. Tau protein phosphorylated at serine 404 significantly increased after ketamine injection, and then gradually decreased with time. However, the levels of tau protein at serine 404 were significantly greater in the ketamine group than in the control group until 14 days. The present results indicate that ketamine induces an increase of phosphorylated tau mRNA and excessive phosphorylation of tau protein at serine 404, causing disruption of microtubules in the neonatal rat hippocampus and potentially resulting in damage to hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mengjie Dong
- PET Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yidong Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhirui Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310005, Zhejiang Province, China
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Tao G, Zhang J, Zhang L, Dong Y, Yu B, Crosby G, Culley DJ, Zhang Y, Xie Z. Sevoflurane induces tau phosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation in young mice. Anesthesiology 2014; 121:510-27. [PMID: 24787352 PMCID: PMC4165789 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with multiple exposures to anesthesia and surgery may have an increased risk of developing cognitive impairment. Sevoflurane is a commonly used anesthetic in children. Tau phosphorylation contributes to cognitive dysfunction. The authors therefore assessed the effects of sevoflurane on Tau phosphorylation and the underlying mechanisms in young mice. METHODS Six-day-old wild-type and Tau knockout mice were exposed to sevoflurane. The authors determined the effects of sevoflurane anesthesia on Tau phosphorylation, levels of the kinases and phosphatase related to Tau phosphorylation, interleukin-6 and postsynaptic density protein-95 in hippocampus, and cognitive function in both young wild-type and Tau knockout mice. RESULTS Anesthesia with 3% sevoflurane 2 h daily for 3 days induced Tau phosphorylation (257 vs. 100%, P = 0.0025, n = 6) and enhanced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β, which is the kinase related to Tau phosphorylation in the hippocampus of postnatal day-8 wild-type mice. The sevoflurane anesthesia decreased hippocampus postsynaptic density protein-95 levels and induced cognitive impairment in the postnatal day-31 mice. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor lithium inhibited the sevoflurane-induced glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation, Tau phosphorylation, increased levels of interleukin-6, and cognitive impairment in the wild-type young mice. Finally, the sevoflurane anesthesia did not induce an increase in interleukin-6 levels, reduction in postsynaptic density protein-95 levels in hippocampus, or cognitive impairment in Tau knockout young mice. CONCLUSIONS These data suggested that sevoflurane induced Tau phosphorylation, glycogen synthase kinase 3β activation, increase in interleukin-6 and reduction in postsynaptic density protein-95 levels in hippocampus of young mice, and cognitive impairment in the mice. Future studies will dissect the cascade relation of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guorong Tao
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060. Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China 200025
| | - Jie Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060. Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R China 430030
| | - Lei Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060. Department of Anesthesiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Yuanlin Dong
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| | - Buwei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China 200025
| | - Gregory Crosby
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Deborah J. Culley
- Department of Anesthesia, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA 02115
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
| | - Zhongcong Xie
- Geriatric Anesthesia Research Unit, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129-2060
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Wang S, Zhou SL, Min FY, Ma JJ, Shi XJ, Bereczki E, Wu J. mTOR-mediated hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus is involved in cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Metab Brain Dis 2014; 29:729-36. [PMID: 24682776 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-014-9528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal levels of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling have been recently implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the implication of mTOR in diabetes mellitus (DM)-related cognitive dysfunction still remains unknown. In the present study, we found that phosphorylated mTOR at Ser2448, phosphorylated p70S6K at Thr421/Ser424 and phosphorylated tau at Ser396 were significantly increased in the hippocampus of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice when compared with control mice. A low dose of rapamycin was used to elucidate the role of mTOR signaling in DM-related cognitive deficit. Rapamycin restored abnormal mTOR/p70S6K signaling and attenuated the phosphorylation of tau protein in the hippocampus of diabetic mice. Furthermore, the spatial learning and memory function of diabetic mice significantly impaired compared with control mice, was also reversed by rapamycin. These findings indicate that mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway is hyperactive in the hippocampus of STZ-induced diabetic mice and inhibiting mTOR signaling with rapamycin prevents the DM-related cognitive deficits partly through attenuating the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Banzhaf-Strathmann J, Benito E, May S, Arzberger T, Tahirovic S, Kretzschmar H, Fischer A, Edbauer D. MicroRNA-125b induces tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. EMBO J 2014; 33:1667-80. [PMID: 25001178 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201387576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia, but no clear disease-initiating mechanism is known. Aβ deposits and neuronal tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau are characteristic for AD. Here, we analyze the contribution of microRNA-125b (miR-125b), which is elevated in AD. In primary neurons, overexpression of miR-125b causes tau hyperphosphorylation and an upregulation of p35, cdk5, and p44/42-MAPK signaling. In parallel, the phosphatases DUSP6 and PPP1CA and the anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-W are downregulated as direct targets of miR-125b. Knockdown of these phosphatases induces tau hyperphosphorylation, and overexpression of PPP1CA and Bcl-W prevents miR-125b-induced tau phosphorylation, suggesting that they mediate the effects of miR-125b on tau. Conversely, suppression of miR-125b in neurons by tough decoys reduces tau phosphorylation and kinase expression/activity. Injecting miR-125b into the hippocampus of mice impairs associative learning and is accompanied by downregulation of Bcl-W, DUSP6, and PPP1CA, resulting in increased tau phosphorylation in vivo. Importantly, DUSP6 and PPP1CA are also reduced in AD brains. These data implicate miR-125b in the pathogenesis of AD by promoting pathological tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Benito
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, c/o European Neuroscience Institute ENI-G, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie May
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Arzberger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Hans Kretzschmar
- Center for Neuropathology and Prion Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - André Fischer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, c/o European Neuroscience Institute ENI-G, Göttingen, Germany Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dieter Edbauer
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany Adolf Butenandt Institute, Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
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Cognition and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in mice with a homozygous tau deletion. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 35:2474-2478. [PMID: 24913895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tau has been implicated in the organization, stabilization, and dynamics of microtubules. In Alzheimer's disease and more than 20 neurologic disorders tau missorting, hyperphosphorylation, and aggregation is a hallmark. They are collectively referred to as tauopathies. Although the impact of human tauopathies on cognitive processes has been explored in transgenic mouse models, the functional consequences of tau deletion on cognition are far less investigated. Here, we subjected tau knock-out (KO) mice to a battery of neurocognitive, behavioral, and electrophysiological tests. Although KO and wild-type mice were indistinguishable in motor abilities, exploratory and anxiety behavior, KO mice showed impaired contextual and cued fear conditioning. In contrast, extensive spatial learning in the water maze resulted in better performance of KO mice during acquisition. In electrophysiological experiments, basal synaptic transmission and paired-pulse facilitation in the hippocampal CA1-region were unchanged. Interestingly, deletion of tau resulted in severe deficits in long-term potentiation but not long-term depression. Our results suggest a role of tau in certain cognitive functions and implicate long-term potentiation as the relevant physiological substrate.
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El Khoury NB, Gratuze M, Papon MA, Bretteville A, Planel E. Insulin dysfunction and Tau pathology. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:22. [PMID: 24574966 PMCID: PMC3920186 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) include senile plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides (a cleavage product of the Amyloid Precursor Protein, or APP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) of hyperphosphorylated Tau protein assembled in paired helical filaments (PHF). NFT pathology is important since it correlates with the degree of cognitive impairment in AD. Only a small proportion of AD is due to genetic variants, whereas the large majority of cases (~99%) is late onset and sporadic in origin. The cause of sporadic AD is likely to be multifactorial, with external factors interacting with biological or genetic susceptibilities to accelerate the manifestation of the disease. Insulin dysfunction, manifested by diabetes mellitus (DM) might be such factor, as there is extensive data from epidemiological studies suggesting that DM is associated with an increased relative risk for AD. Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are known to affect multiple cognitive functions in patients. In this context, understanding the effects of diabetes on Tau pathogenesis is important since Tau pathology show a strong relationship to dementia in AD, and to memory loss in normal aging and mild cognitive impairment. Here, we reviewed preclinical studies that link insulin dysfunction to Tau protein pathogenesis, one of the major pathological hallmarks of AD. We found more than 30 studies reporting Tau phosphorylation in a mouse or rat model of insulin dysfunction. We also payed attention to potential sources of artifacts, such as hypothermia and anesthesia, that were demonstrated to results in Tau hyperphosphorylation and could major confounding experimental factors. We found that very few studies reported the temperature of the animals, and only a handful did not use anesthesia. Overall, most published studies showed that insulin dysfunction can promote Tau hyperphosphorylation and pathology, both directly and indirectly, through hypothermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura B El Khoury
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada ; Axe Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Maud Gratuze
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada ; Axe Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Amélie Papon
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Bretteville
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Planel
- Département de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada ; Axe Neurosciences, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval Québec, QC, Canada
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Liu P, Zou LB, Wang LH, Jiao Q, Chi TY, Ji XF, Jin G. Xanthoceraside attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation and cognitive deficits in intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin injected rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:345-56. [PMID: 23958944 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3240-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Xanthoceraside, a novel triterpenoid saponin extracted from the fruit husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, reverses cognitive deficits in intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35 or Aβ1-42 mice. However, whether xanthoceraside has a positive effect on hyperphosphorylated tau protein remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of xanthoceraside on behavioural impairments induced by intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (STZ) in rats and its potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were administered with xanthoceraside (0.06, 0.12 or 0.24 mg/kg) or vehicle once daily after STZ intracerebroventricular injections. The Y-maze test and novel object recognition test were performed 21 and 22 days after the second STZ injection, respectively. The levels of hyperphosphorylated tau, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/serine/threonine protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), protein phosphatase 1 (PP-1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP-2A) were also tested by Western blot. RESULTS Xanthoceraside treatment significantly attenuated learning and memory impairments and reduced the level of STZ-induced hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Xanthoceraside also enhanced PP-2A and PP-1 expressions, increased PI3K (p85) and Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation and decreased GSK-3β (tyr216) phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Xanthoceraside has protective effect against learning and memory impairments and inhibits tau hyperphosphorylation in the hippocampus, possibly through the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt-dependent GSK-3β signalling pathway and an enhancement of phosphatases activity.
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Hu ZY, Jin HY, Xu LL, Zhu ZR, Jiang YL, Seal R. Effects of sevoflurane on the expression of tau protein mRNA and Ser396/404 site in the hippocampus of developing rat brain. Paediatr Anaesth 2013; 23:1138-44. [PMID: 24102683 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General anesthesia induces a transient hyperphosphorylation of tau protein that is associated with neurotoxicity in neonatal rats, but the mechanism remains unknown. The current study sought to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on the levels of tau phosphorylation at phosphor-Ser396/404 and total tau mRNA in the hippocampus of neonatal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six 7-day-old rats were randomly exposed for 6 h to either 3% sevoflurane (S) or air (NC) as a placebo. They were sacrificed at 1, 7 and 14 days after the anesthesia, respectively, and thus assigned to S1d , S7d , S14d , NC1d , NC7d , and NC14d groups (n = 6). Their brain tissues were harvested and then subjected to histopathologic, Western blot and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS Microtubule cytoskeletons were arranged in neat parallel rows in rats exposed only to air, whereas the microtubules were arranged in a disorderly and intermittent (nonparallel) fashion in rats exposed to sevoflurane. The levels of tau mRNA in the S1d and S7d groups were significantly higher than those in the NC1d and NC7d groups. There was no significant difference in the levels of tau mRNA between the S14d and NC14d groups. The levels of tau protein at Ser404 in the S1d , S7d, and S14d groups were significantly higher than those in NC1d , NC7d, and NC14d groups. The levels of tau protein at Ser396 in the S1d , and S7d groups were significantly higher than those in the NC1d , and NC7d groups, while there was no significant difference in the levels of tau protein at Ser396 between the S14d group and the NC14d group, respectively. CONCLUSION In rat hippocampus, sevoflurane was associated with microtubular disarray as well as increased levels of tau mRNA and excessive phosphorylation of tau protein at Ser396 and Ser404. This implicates that sevoflurane may induce neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-yong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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63
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Jiang C, Zhang S, Liu H, Guan Z, Zeng Q, Zhang C, Lei R, Xia T, Wang Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Wu X, Zhang X, Cui Y, Yu L, Wang A. Low Glucose Utilization and Neurodegenerative Changes Caused by Sodium Fluoride Exposure in Rat’s Developmental Brain. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 16:94-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8260-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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64
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Daulatzai MA. Neurotoxic Saboteurs: Straws that Break the Hippo’s (Hippocampus) Back Drive Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:407-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Leboucher A, Laurent C, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Burnouf S, Troquier L, Eddarkaoui S, Demeyer D, Caillierez R, Zommer N, Vallez E, Bantubungi K, Breton C, Pigny P, Buée-Scherrer V, Staels B, Hamdane M, Tailleux A, Buée L, Blum D. Detrimental effects of diet-induced obesity on τ pathology are independent of insulin resistance in τ transgenic mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:1681-8. [PMID: 23250356 PMCID: PMC3636620 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The τ pathology found in Alzheimer disease (AD) is crucial in cognitive decline. Midlife development of obesity, a major risk factor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, increases the risk of dementia and AD later in life. The impact of obesity on AD risk has been suggested to be related to central insulin resistance, secondary to peripheral insulin resistance. The effects of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on τ pathology remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated effects of a high-fat diet, given at an early pathological stage, in the THY-Tau22 transgenic mouse model of progressive AD-like τ pathology. We found that early and progressive obesity potentiated spatial learning deficits as well as hippocampal τ pathology at a later stage. Surprisingly, THY-Tau22 mice did not exhibit peripheral insulin resistance. Further, pathological worsening occurred while hippocampal insulin signaling was upregulated. Together, our data demonstrate that DIO worsens τ phosphorylation and learning abilities in τ transgenic mice independently from peripheral/central insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Leboucher
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Laurent
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Francisco-José Fernandez-Gomez
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Sylvie Burnouf
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Laetitia Troquier
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Sabiha Eddarkaoui
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Demeyer
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Raphaëlle Caillierez
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Nadège Zommer
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Vallez
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1011, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Kadiombo Bantubungi
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1011, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Breton
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- EA 4489, Environnement Perinatal et Croissance, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Pigny
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valérie Buée-Scherrer
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1011, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Malika Hamdane
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U1011, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Luc Buée
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Blum
- Université Lille-Nord de France, Université du Droit et de la Santé de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U837, Jean-Pierre Aubert Research Centre, Institut de Médecine Prédictive et de Recherche Thérapeutique, Lille, France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Corresponding author: David Blum,
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66
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Van der Jeugd A, Blum D, Raison S, Eddarkaoui S, Bue L, DHooge R. Observations in THY-Tau22 mice that resemble behavioral and psychological signs and symptoms of dementia. Behav Brain Res 2013; 242:34-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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67
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Tau pathology modulates Pin1 post-translational modifications and may be relevant as biomarker. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 34:757-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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68
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Burnouf S, Martire A, Derisbourg M, Laurent C, Belarbi K, Leboucher A, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Troquier L, Eddarkaoui S, Grosjean ME, Demeyer D, Muhr-Tailleux A, Buisson A, Sergeant N, Hamdane M, Humez S, Popoli P, Buée L, Blum D. NMDA receptor dysfunction contributes to impaired brain-derived neurotrophic factor-induced facilitation of hippocampal synaptic transmission in a Tau transgenic model. Aging Cell 2013; 12:11-23. [PMID: 23082852 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
While the spatiotemporal development of Tau pathology has been correlated with occurrence of cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's patients, mechanisms underlying these deficits remain unclear. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB play a critical role in hippocampus-dependent synaptic plasticity and memory. When applied on hippocampal slices, BDNF is able to enhance AMPA receptor-dependent hippocampal basal synaptic transmission through a mechanism involving TrkB and N-methyl-d-Aspartate receptors (NMDAR). Using THY-Tau22 transgenic mice, we demonstrated that hippocampal Tau pathology is associated with loss of synaptic enhancement normally induced by exogenous BDNF. This defective response was concomitant to significant memory impairments. We show here that loss of BDNF response was due to impaired NMDAR function. Indeed, we observed a significant reduction of NMDA-induced field excitatory postsynaptic potential depression in the hippocampus of Tau mice together with a reduced phosphorylation of NR2B at the Y1472, known to be critical for NMDAR function. Interestingly, we found that both NR2B and Src, one of the NR2B main kinases, interact with Tau and are mislocalized to the insoluble protein fraction rich in pathological Tau species. Defective response to BDNF was thus likely related to abnormal interaction of Src and NR2B with Tau in THY-Tau22 animals. These are the first data demonstrating a relationship between Tau pathology and synaptic effects of BDNF and supporting a contribution of defective BDNF response and impaired NMDAR function to the cognitive deficits associated with Tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberto Martire
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; I-00161; Rome; Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Alain Buisson
- Grenoble Institute Neurosciences; U836 INSERM; Université J. Fourier; 38042; Grenoble; France
| | | | | | | | - Patrizia Popoli
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation; Istituto Superiore di Sanità; I-00161; Rome; Italy
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69
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Callaerts-Vegh Z, Leo S, Vermaercke B, Meert T, D'Hooge R. LPA5 receptor plays a role in pain sensitivity, emotional exploration and reversal learning. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2012; 11:1009-19. [PMID: 23039190 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid acting on the nervous system through at least 6 different G protein-coupled receptors. In this study, we examined mice lacking the LPA5 receptor using an extensive battery of behavioral tests. LPA5-deficient mice showed decreased pain sensitivity in tail withdrawal, faster recovery in one inflammatory pain procedure (complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation) and attenuated responses under specific neuropathic pain conditions. Notably, deletion of LPA5 also induced nocturnal hyperactivity and reduced anxiety in the mutant mice. Several exploratory tasks revealed signs of reduced anxiety in LPA5 knockout mice including increased visits to the arena center and reduced thigmotaxis in the open field, and more open arm entries in the elevated plus maze. Finally, LPA5 knockout mice also displayed marked reduction in social exploration, although several other tests indicated that these mice were able to respond normally to environmental stimuli. While learning and memory performance was not impaired in LPA5-deficient mice, we found differences, e.g., targeted swim strategy and reversal learning, as well as scheduled appetitive conditioning that might indicate differential motivational behavior. These results imply that LPA5 might be involved in both nociception and mechanisms of pain hypersensitivity, as well as in anxiety-related and motivational behaviors. These observations further support the proposed involvement of LPA signaling in psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Callaerts-Vegh
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven
| | - S Leo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven.,Department of Neuroscience, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - B Vermaercke
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven
| | - T Meert
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven.,Department of Neuroscience, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Rudi D'Hooge
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Leuven Institute for Neuroscience and Disease (LIND), University of Leuven, Leuven
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70
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Lo AC, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Nunes AF, Rodrigues CMP, D'Hooge R. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) supplementation prevents cognitive impairment and amyloid deposition in APP/PS1 mice. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 50:21-9. [PMID: 22974733 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease hallmarked by extracellular Aβ(1-42) containing plaques, and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) containing hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Progressively, memory deficits and cognitive disabilities start to occur as these hallmarks affect hippocampus and frontal cortex, regions highly involved in memory. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, which is high in the vicinity of Aβ plaques and NFTs, was found to influence γ-secretase activity, the molecular crux in Aβ(1-42) production. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is an endogenous bile acid that downregulates CTGF expression in hepatocytes and has been shown to possess therapeutic efficacy in neurodegenerative models. To investigate the possible in vivo therapeutic effects of TUDCA, we provided 0.4% TUDCA-supplemented food to APP/PS1 mice, a well-established AD mouse model. Six months of TUDCA supplementation prevented the spatial, recognition and contextual memory defects observed in APP/PS1 mice at 8 months of age. Furthermore, TUDCA-supplemented APP/PS1 mice displayed reduced hippocampal and prefrontal amyloid deposition. These effects of TUDCA supplementation suggest a novel mechanistic route for Alzheimer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Lo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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71
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Troquier L, Caillierez R, Burnouf S, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Grosjean ME, Zommer N, Sergeant N, Schraen-Maschke S, Blum D, Buee L. Targeting phospho-Ser422 by active Tau Immunotherapy in the THYTau22 mouse model: a suitable therapeutic approach. Curr Alzheimer Res 2012; 9:397-405. [PMID: 22272619 DOI: 10.2174/156720512800492503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent data indicate that Tau immunotherapy may be relevant for interfering with neurofibrillary degeneration in Alzheimer disease and related disorders referred to as Tauopathies. The key question for immunotherapy is the choice of the epitope to target. Abnormal phosphorylation is a well-described post-translational modification of Tau proteins and may be a good target. In the present study, we investigated the effects of active immunization against the pathological epitope phospho-Ser422 in the THY-Tau22 transgenic mouse model. Starting from 3-6 months of age, THY-Tau22 mice develop hippocampal neurofibrillary tangle-like inclusions and exhibit phosphorylation of Tau on several AD-relevant Tau epitopes. Three month-old THY-Tau22 mice were immunized with a peptide including the phosphoserine 422 residue while control mice received the adjuvant alone. A specific antibody response against the phospho-Ser422 epitope was observed. We noticed a decrease in insoluble Tau species (AT100- and pS422 immunoreactive) by both biochemical and immunohistochemical means correlated with a significant cognitive improvement using the Y-maze. This Tau immunotherapy may facilitate Tau clearance from the brain toward the periphery since, following immunization, an increase in Tau concentrations was observed in blood. Overall, the present work is, to our knowledge, the first one to demonstrate that active immunotherapy targeting a real pathological epitope such as phospho-Ser422 epitope is efficient. This immunotherapy allows for Tau clearance and improves cognitive deficits promoted by Tau pathology in a well-defined Tau transgenic model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Troquier
- Alzheimer&Tauopathies, Centre de Recherches Jean-Pierre Aubert, Lille, France
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72
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Belarbi K, Burnouf S, Fernandez-Gomez FJ, Laurent C, Lestavel S, Figeac M, Sultan A, Troquier L, Leboucher A, Caillierez R, Grosjean ME, Demeyer D, Obriot H, Brion I, Barbot B, Galas MC, Staels B, Humez S, Sergeant N, Schraen-Maschke S, Muhr-Tailleux A, Hamdane M, Buée L, Blum D. Beneficial effects of exercise in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease-like Tau pathology. Neurobiol Dis 2011; 43:486-94. [PMID: 21569847 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau pathology is encountered in many neurodegenerative disorders known as tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. Physical activity is a lifestyle factor affecting processes crucial for memory and synaptic plasticity. Whether long-term voluntary exercise has an impact on Tau pathology and its pathophysiological consequences is currently unknown. To address this question, we investigated the effects of long-term voluntary exercise in the THY-Tau22 transgenic model of Alzheimer's disease-like Tau pathology, characterized by the progressive development of Tau pathology, cholinergic alterations and subsequent memory impairments. Three-month-old THY-Tau22 mice and wild-type littermates were assigned to standard housing or housing supplemented with a running wheel. After 9 months of exercise, mice were evaluated for memory performance and examined for hippocampal Tau pathology, cholinergic defects, inflammation and genes related to cholesterol metabolism. Exercise prevented memory alterations in THY-Tau22 mice. This was accompanied by a decrease in hippocampal Tau pathology and a prevention of the loss of expression of choline acetyltransferase within the medial septum. Whereas the expression of most cholesterol-related genes remained unchanged in the hippocampus of running THY-Tau22 mice, we observed a significant upregulation in mRNA levels of NPC1 and NPC2, genes involved in cholesterol trafficking from the lysosomes. Our data support the view that long-term voluntary physical exercise is an effective strategy capable of mitigating Tau pathology and its pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Belarbi
- Université Lille-Nord de France, UDSL, F-59000 Lille, France
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