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Wang H, Wen C, Chen S, Wang F, He L, Li W, Zhou Q, Yu WK, Huang L, Chen J, Liu R, Li W, Yang X, Liu H. Toosendanin-induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells is associated with the κ-opioid receptor/β-catenin signaling axis. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114014. [PMID: 32387457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Developing new drugs for killing colorectal cancer (CRC) cells is urgently needed. Here, we explored the antitumor effects of toosendanin (TSN) in CRC, as well as explored its antitumor mechanisms and direct targets. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by CCK8, colony formation, real-time cell impedance and flow cytometry. The signaling pathway and Wnt activity were analyzed by Wnt luciferase activity assay, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The interaction between TSN and the κ-opioid receptor was analyzed by a molecular docking simulation. BALB/c nude mice were used to detect the effects of TSN on tumor growth in vivo. We found that TSN inhibited proliferation, induced G1 phase arrest and caused caspase-dependent apoptosis in both 5-FU-sensitive and 5-FU-resistant CRC cells. Moreover, TSN effectively inhibited CRC growth in vivo. In terms of the mechanism, TSN inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling in CRC cells, and the molecular docking results showed that TSN could bind to κ-opioid receptors directly. Additionally, TSN-induced apoptosis and β-catenin decline were both reversed by the selective κ-opioid receptor agonist U50,488H. Our data demonstrate that TSN-induced apoptosis in CRC cells is associated with the κ-opioid receptor/β-catenin signaling axis, and TSN has promising potential as an antitumor agent for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chuangyu Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguan Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory, Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lu He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wai Kin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lanlan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruixian Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory, Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory Animal Lab, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Ma GL, Chandra H, Liang ZX. Taming the flagellar motor of pseudomonads with a nucleotide messenger. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2496-2513. [PMID: 32329141 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonads rely on the flagellar motor to rotate a polar flagellum for swimming and swarming, and to sense surfaces for initiating the motile-to-sessile transition to adopt a surface-dwelling lifestyle. Deciphering the function and regulation of the flagellar motor is of paramount importance for understanding the behaviours of environmental and pathogenic pseudomonads. Recent studies disclosed the preeminent role played by the messenger c-di-GMP in controlling the real-time performance of the flagellar motor in pseudomonads. The studies revealed that c-di-GMP controls the dynamic exchange of flagellar stator units to regulate motor torque/speed and modulates the frequency of flagellar motor switching via the chemosensory signalling pathways. Apart from being a rotary motor, the flagellar motor is emerging as a mechanosensor that transduces surface-induced mechanical signals into an increase of cellular c-di-GMP concentration to initiate the cellular programs required for long-term colonization. Collectively, the studies generate long-awaited mechanistic insights into how c-di-GMP regulates bacterial motility and the motile-to-sessile transition. The new findings also raise the fundamental questions of how cellular c-di-GMP concentrations are dynamically coupled to flagellar output and the proton-motive force, and how c-di-GMP signalling is coordinated spatiotemporally to fine-tune flagellar response and the behaviour of pseudomonads in solutions and on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Lei Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore
| | - Hartono Chandra
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore
| | - Zhao-Xun Liang
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore.,Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, S637551, Singapore
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53
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Swimming regulations for protein kinase A catalytic subunit. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1355-1366. [PMID: 31671183 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) plays a central role in important biological processes including synaptic plasticity and sympathetic stimulation of the heart. Elevations of cAMP trigger release of PKA catalytic (C) subunits from PKA holoenzymes, thereby coupling cAMP to protein phosphorylation. Uncontrolled C subunit activity, such as occurs in genetic disorders in which regulatory subunits are depleted, is pathological. Anchoring proteins that associate with PKA regulatory subunits are important for localising PKA activity in cells. However, anchoring does not directly explain how unrestrained 'free swimming' of C subunits is avoided following C subunit release. In this review, I discuss new mechanisms that have been posited to account for this old problem. One straightforward explanation is that cAMP does not trigger C subunit dissociation but instead activates intact PKA holoenzymes whose activity is restrained through anchoring. A comprehensive comparison of observations for and against cAMP-activation of intact PKA holoenzymes does not lend credence to this mechanism. Recent measurements have revealed that PKA regulatory subunits are expressed at very high concentrations, and in large molar excess relative to C subunits. I discuss the implications of these skewed PKA subunit concentrations, before considering how phosphorylation of type II regulatory subunits and myristylation of C subunits are likely to contribute to controlling C subunit diffusion and recapture in cells. Finally, I speculate on future research directions that may be pursued on the basis of these emerging mechanisms.
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54
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Elucidating cyclic AMP signaling in subcellular domains with optogenetic tools and fluorescent biosensors. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1733-1747. [PMID: 31724693 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The second messenger 3',5'-cyclic nucleoside adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) plays a key role in signal transduction across prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Cyclic AMP signaling is compartmentalized into microdomains to fulfil specific functions. To define the function of cAMP within these microdomains, signaling needs to be analyzed with spatio-temporal precision. To this end, optogenetic approaches and genetically encoded fluorescent biosensors are particularly well suited. Synthesis and hydrolysis of cAMP can be directly manipulated by photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) and light-regulated phosphodiesterases (PDEs), respectively. In addition, many biosensors have been designed to spatially and temporarily resolve cAMP dynamics in the cell. This review provides an overview about optogenetic tools and biosensors to shed light on the subcellular organization of cAMP signaling.
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Perez DR, Sklar LA, Chigaev A, Matlawska-Wasowska K. Drug repurposing for targeting cyclic nucleotide transporters in acute leukemias - A missed opportunity. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:199-208. [PMID: 32044470 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
While current treatment regimens for acute leukemia can dramatically improve patient survival, there remains room for improvement. Due to its roles in cell differentiation, cell survival, and apoptotic signaling, modulation of the cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway has provided a meaningful target in hematological malignancies. Several studies have demonstrated that gene expression profiles associated with increased pro-survival cAMP activity or downregulation of various pro-apoptotic factors associated with the cAMP pathway are apparent in acute leukemia patients. Previous work to increase leukemia cell intracellular cAMP focused on the use of cAMP analogs, stimulating cAMP production via transmembrane-associated adenylyl cyclases, or decreasing cAMP degradation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase activity. However, targeting cyclic nucleotide efflux by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters represents an unexplored approach for modulation of intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels. Preliminary studies have shown that inhibition of cAMP efflux can stimulate leukemia cell differentiation, cell growth arrest, and apoptosis, indicating that targeting cAMP efflux may show promise for future therapeutic development. Furthermore, inhibition of cyclic nucleotide transporter activity may also contribute multiple anticancer benefits by reducing extracellular pro-survival signaling in malignant cells. Hence, several opportunities for drug repurposing may exist for targeting cyclic nucleotide transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique R Perez
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Center for Molecular Discovery, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Center for Molecular Discovery, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alexandre Chigaev
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Center for Molecular Discovery, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA; University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Ksenia Matlawska-Wasowska
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Health Sciences Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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56
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Calebiro D, Grimes J. G Protein–Coupled Receptor Pharmacology at the Single-Molecule Level. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 60:73-87. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010919-023348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate the effects of numerous hormones and neurotransmitters and are major pharmacological targets. Classical studies with crude cell lysates or membrane preparations have identified the main biochemical steps involved in GPCR signaling. Moreover, recent studies on purified proteins have provided astounding details at the atomic level of the 3-D structures of receptors in multiple conformations, including in complex with G proteins and β-arrestins. However, several fundamental questions remain regarding the highly specific effects and rapid nature of GPCR signaling. Recent developments in single-molecule microscopy are providing important contributions to answering these questions. Overall, single-molecule studies have revealed unexpected levels of complexity, with receptors existing in different conformations and dynamically interacting among themselves, their signaling partners, and structural elements of the plasma membrane to produce highly localized signals in space and time. These findings may provide a new basis to develop innovative strategies to modulate GPCR function for pharmacological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;,
| | - Jak Grimes
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom;,
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Ohadi D, Rangamani P. Geometric Control of Frequency Modulation of cAMP Oscillations due to Calcium in Dendritic Spines. Biophys J 2019; 117:1981-1994. [PMID: 31668747 PMCID: PMC7018999 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spatiotemporal regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and its dynamic interactions with other second messengers such as calcium are critical features of signaling specificity required for neuronal development and connectivity. cAMP is known to contribute to long-term potentiation and memory formation by controlling the formation and regulation of dendritic spines. Despite the recent advances in biosensing techniques for monitoring spatiotemporal cAMP dynamics, the underlying molecular mechanisms that attribute to the subcellular modulation of cAMP remain unknown. In this work, we model the spatiotemporal dynamics of calcium-induced cAMP signaling pathway in dendritic spines. Using a three-dimensional reaction-diffusion model, we investigate the effect of different spatial characteristics of cAMP dynamics that may be responsible for subcellular regulation of cAMP concentrations. Our model predicts that the volume/surface ratio of the spine, regulated through the spine head size, spine neck size, and the presence of physical barriers (spine apparatus), is an important regulator of cAMP dynamics. Furthermore, localization of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and degradation of cAMP in different compartments also modulates the oscillatory patterns of cAMP through exponential relationships. Our findings shed light on the significance of complex geometric and localization relationships for cAMP dynamics in dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Ohadi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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58
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Muñoz-Pérez VM, Ortiz MI, Cariño-Cortés R, Fernández-Martínez E, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Bautista-Ávila M. Preterm Birth, Inflammation and Infection: New Alternative Strategies for their Prevention. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:354-365. [PMID: 30961490 DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190408112013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, the progress in reducing neonatal mortality has been very slow. The rate of preterm birth has increased over the last 20 years in low-income and middle-income countries. Its association with increased mortality and morbidity is based on experimental studies and neonatal outcomes from countries with socioeconomic differences, which have considered implementing alternative healthcare strategies to prevent and reduce preterm births. METHODS Currently, there is no widely effective strategy to prevent preterm birth. Pharmacological therapies are directed at inhibiting myometrial contractions to prolong parturition. Some drugs, medicinal plants and microorganisms possess myorelaxant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that have proved useful in preventing preterm birth associated with inflammation and infection. RESULTS This review focuses on the existing literature regarding the use of different drugs, medicinal plants, and microorganisms that show promising benefits for the prevention of preterm birth associated with inflammation and infection. New alternative strategies involving the use of PDE-4 inhibitors, medicinal plants and probiotics could have a great impact on improving prenatal and neonatal outcomes and give babies the best start in life, ensuring lifelong health benefits. CONCLUSION Despite promising results from well-documented cases, only a small number of these alternative strategies have been studied in clinical trials. The development of new drugs and the use of medicinal plants and probiotics for the treatment and/or prevention of preterm birth is an area of growing interest due to their potential therapeutic benefits in the field of gynecology and obstetrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Muñoz-Pérez
- Area Academica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Eliseo Ramirez Ulloa 400, Doctores Pachuca de soto, 42090, Mexico
| | - Mario I Ortiz
- Area Academica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Eliseo Ramirez Ulloa 400, Doctores Pachuca de soto, 42090, Mexico
| | - Raquel Cariño-Cortés
- Area Academica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Eliseo Ramirez Ulloa 400, Doctores Pachuca de soto, 42090, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Fernández-Martínez
- Area Academica de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Eliseo Ramirez Ulloa 400, Doctores Pachuca de soto, 42090, Mexico
| | - Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Coyoacan, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mirandeli Bautista-Ávila
- Area Academica de Farmacia, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autonoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex Hacienda la Concepcion s/n, ctra. Pachuca- Tilcuautla, Hidalgo 42060, Mexico
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59
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Transcriptomics and proteomics analysis of Aβ (1-42)-induced neurotoxicity. Mol Cell Toxicol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-019-0029-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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60
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Studying β 1 and β 2 adrenergic receptor signals in cardiac cells using FRET-based sensors. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 154:30-38. [PMID: 31266653 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic 3'-5' adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a key modulator of cardiac function. Thanks to the sophisticated organization of its pathway in distinct functional units called microdomains, cAMP is involved in the regulation of both inotropy and chronotropy as well as transcription and cardiac death. While visualization of cAMP microdomains can be achieved thanks to cAMP-sensitive FRET-based sensors, the molecular mechanisms through which cAMP-generating stimuli are coupled to distinct functional outcomes are not well understood. One possibility is that each stimulus activates multiple microdomains in order to generate a spatiotemporal code that translates into function. To test this hypothesis here we propose a series of experimental protocols that allow to simultaneously follow cAMP or Protein Kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation in different subcellular compartments of living cells. We investigate the responses of β Adrenergic receptors (β1AR and β2AR) challenged with selective drugs that enabled us to measure the actions of each receptor independently. At the whole cell level, we used a combination of co-culture with selective βAR stimulation and were able to molecularly separate cardiac fibroblasts from neonatal rat ventricular myocytes based on their cAMP responses. On the other hand, at the subcellular level, these experimental protocols allowed us to dissect the relative weight of β1 and β2 adrenergic receptors on cAMP signalling at the cytosol and outer mitochondrial membrane of NRVMs. We propose that experimental procedures that allow the collection of multiparametric data are necessary in order to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the coupling between extracellular signals and cellular responses.
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61
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Jakobsen E, Lange SC, Bak LK. Soluble adenylyl cyclase-mediated cAMP signaling and the putative role of PKA and EPAC in cerebral mitochondrial function. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1018-1038. [PMID: 31172581 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce the bulk of the ATP in most cells, including brain cells. Regulating this complex machinery to match the energetic needs of the cell is a complicated process that we have yet to understand in its entirety. In this context, 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cAMP) has been suggested to play a seminal role in signaling-metabolism coupling and regulation of mitochondrial ATP production. In cells, cAMP signals may affect mitochondria from the cytosolic side but more recently, a cAMP signal produced within the matrix of mitochondria by soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) has been suggested to regulate respiration and thus ATP production. However, little is known about these processes in brain mitochondria, and the effectors of the cAMP signal generated within the matrix are not completely clear since both protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC1) have been suggested to be involved. Here, we review the current knowledge and relate it to brain mitochondria. Further, based on measurements of respiration, membrane potential, and ATP production in isolated mouse brain cortical mitochondria we show that inhibitors of sAC, PKA, or EPAC affect mitochondrial function in distinct ways. In conclusion, we suggest that brain mitochondria do regulate their function via sAC-mediated cAMP signals and that both PKA and EPAC could be involved downstream of sAC. Finally, due to the role of faulty mitochondrial function in a range of neurological diseases, we expect that the function of sAC-cAMP-PKA/EPAC signaling in brain mitochondria will likely attract further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Jakobsen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofie C Lange
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse K Bak
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Coenzyme Q10 Protects Astrocytes from Ultraviolet B-Induced Damage Through Inhibition of ERK 1/2 Pathway Overexpression. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:1755-1763. [PMID: 31093903 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (ERK ½) signaling pathway leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which induces oxidative stress. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) scavenges ROS and protects cells against oxidative stress. The present study was designed to examine whether the protection of Coenzyme Q10 against oxidative damage in astrocytes is through regulating ERK 1/2 pathway. Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation was chosen as a tool to induce oxidative stress. Murine astrocytes were treated with 10 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml of CoQ10 for 24 h prior to UVB and maintained during UVB and 24 h post-UVB. Cell viability was evaluated by counting viable cells and MTT conversion assay. ROS production was measured using fluorescent probes. Levels of p-ERK 1/2, ERK 1/2, p-PKA, PKA were detected using immunocytochemistry and/or Western blotting. The results showed that UVB irradiation decreased the number of viable cells. This damaging effect was associated with accumulation of ROS and elevations of p-ERK 1/2 and p-PKA. Treatment with CoQ10 at 25 μg/ml significantly increased the number of viable cells and prevented the UVB-induced increases of ROS, p-ERK 1/2, and p-PKA. It is concluded that suppression of the PKA-ERK 1/2 signaling pathway may be one of the important mechanisms by which CoQ10 protects astrocytes from UVB-induced oxidative damage.
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63
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Roma MG, Barosso IR, Miszczuk GS, Crocenzi FA, Pozzi EJS. Dynamic Localization of Hepatocellular Transporters: Role in Biliary Excretion and Impairment in Cholestasis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1113-1154. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171205153204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile flow generation is driven by the vectorial transfer of osmotically active compounds from sinusoidal blood into a confined space, the bile canaliculus. Hence, localization of hepatocellular transporters relevant to bile formation is crucial for bile secretion. Hepatocellular transporters are localized either in the plasma membrane or in recycling endosomes, from where they can be relocated to the plasma membrane on demand, or endocytosed when the demand decreases. The balance between endocytic internalization/ exocytic targeting to/from this recycling compartment is therefore the main determinant of the hepatic capability to generate bile, and to dispose endo- and xenobiotics. Furthermore, the exacerbated endocytic internalization is a common pathomechanisms in both experimental and human cholestasis; this results in bile secretory failure and, eventually, posttranslational transporter downregulation by increased degradation. This review summarizes the proposed structural mechanisms accounting for this pathological condition (e.g., alteration of function, localization or expression of F-actin or F-actin/transporter cross-linking proteins, and switch to membrane microdomains where they can be readily endocytosed), and the mediators implicated (e.g., triggering of “cholestatic” signaling transduction pathways). Lastly, we discussed the efficacy to counteract the cholestatic failure induced by transporter internalization of a number of therapeutic experimental approaches based upon the use of compounds that trigger exocytic targetting of canalicular transporters (e.g., cAMP, tauroursodeoxycholate). This therapeutics may complement treatments aimed to transcriptionally improve transporter expression, by affording proper localization and membrane stability to the de novo synthesized transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G. Roma
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ismael R. Barosso
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gisel S. Miszczuk
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernando A. Crocenzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
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Koser F, Loescher C, Linke WA. Posttranslational modifications of titin from cardiac muscle: how, where, and what for? FEBS J 2019; 286:2240-2260. [PMID: 30989819 PMCID: PMC6850032 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Titin is a giant elastic protein expressed in the contractile units of striated muscle cells, including the sarcomeres of cardiomyocytes. The last decade has seen enormous progress in our understanding of how titin molecular elasticity is modulated in a dynamic manner to help cardiac sarcomeres adjust to the varying hemodynamic demands on the heart. Crucial events mediating the rapid modulation of cardiac titin stiffness are post‐translational modifications (PTMs) of titin. In this review, we first recollect what is known from earlier and recent work on the molecular mechanisms of titin extensibility and force generation. The main goal then is to provide a comprehensive overview of current insight into the relationship between titin PTMs and cardiomyocyte stiffness, notably the effect of oxidation and phosphorylation of titin spring segments on titin stiffness. A synopsis is given of which type of oxidative titin modification can cause which effect on titin stiffness. A large part of the review then covers the mechanically relevant phosphorylation sites in titin, their location along the elastic segment, and the protein kinases and phosphatases known to target these sites. We also include a detailed coverage of the complex changes in phosphorylation at specific titin residues, which have been reported in both animal models of heart disease and in human heart failure, and their correlation with titin‐based stiffness alterations. Knowledge of the relationship between titin PTMs and titin elasticity can be exploited in the search for therapeutic approaches aimed at softening the pathologically stiffened myocardium in heart failure patients.
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Jin X, Di X, Wang R, Ma H, Tian C, Zhao M, Cong S, Liu J, Li R, Wang K. RBM10 inhibits cell proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma via RAP1/AKT/CREB signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3897-3904. [PMID: 30955253 PMCID: PMC6533519 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Initial functional studies have demonstrated that RNA‐binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) can promote apoptosis and suppress cell proliferation; however, the results of several studies suggest a tumour‐promoting role for RBM10. Herein, we assessed the involvement of RBM10 in lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and explored the potential molecular mechanism. We found that, both in vitro and in vivo, RBM10 overexpression suppresses lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation, while its knockdown enhances cell proliferation. Using complementary DNA microarray analysis, we previously found that RBM10 overexpression induces significant down‐regulation of RAP1A expression. In this study, we have confirmed that RBM10 decreases the activation of RAP1 and found that EPAC stimulation and inhibition can abolish the effects of RBM10 knockdown and overexpression, respectively, and regulate cell growth. This effect of RBM10 on proliferation was independent of the MAPK/ERK and P38/MAPK signalling pathways. We found that RBM10 reduces the phosphorylation of CREB via the AKT signalling pathway, suggesting that RBM10 exhibits its effect on lung adenocarcinoma cell proliferation via the RAP1/AKT/CREB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ruimin Wang
- Department of Operation room, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - He Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chang Tian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shan Cong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaying Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ranwei Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Sayner SL, Choi CS, Maulucci ME, Ramila KC, Zhou C, Scruggs AK, Yarbrough T, Blair LA, King JA, Seifert R, Kaever V, Bauer NN. Extracellular vesicles: another compartment for the second messenger, cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 316:L691-L700. [PMID: 30758991 PMCID: PMC6483015 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00282.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger, cAMP, is highly compartmentalized to facilitate signaling specificity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are submicron, intact vesicles released from many cell types that can act as biomarkers or be involved in cell-to-cell communication. Although it is well recognized that EVs encapsulate functional proteins and RNAs/miRNAs, currently it is unclear whether cyclic nucleotides are encapsulated within EVs to provide an additional second messenger compartment. Using ultracentrifugation, EVs were isolated from the culture medium of unstimulated systemic and pulmonary endothelial cells. EVs were also isolated from pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) following stimulation of transmembrane adenylyl cyclase (AC) in the presence or absence of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor rolipram over time. Whereas cAMP was detected in EVs isolated from endothelial cells derived from different vascular beds, it was highest in EVs isolated from PMVECs. Treatment of PMVECs with agents that increase near-membrane cAMP led to an increase in cAMP within corresponding EVs, yet there was no increase in EV number. Elevated cell cAMP, measured by whole cell measurements, peaked 15 min after treatment, yet in EVs the peak increase in cAMP was delayed until 60 min after cell stimulation. Cyclic AMP was also increased in EVs collected from the perfusate of isolated rat lungs stimulated with isoproterenol and rolipram, thus corroborating cell culture findings. When added to unperturbed confluent PMVECs, EVs containing elevated cAMP were not barrier disruptive like cytosolic cAMP but maintained monolayer resistance. In conclusion, PMVECs release EVs containing cAMP, providing an additional compartment to cAMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Sayner
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Chung-Sik Choi
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Marcy E Maulucci
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - K C Ramila
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Chun Zhou
- Department of Physiology Cell Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - April K Scruggs
- Department of Physiology Pharmacology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Thomas Yarbrough
- Department of Physiology Biochemistry, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Leslie A Blair
- Department of Physiology Pharmacology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
| | - Judy A King
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health , Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hanover Medical School , Hanover , Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Research Core Unit, Metabolomics, Hanover Medical School , Hanover , Germany
| | - Natalie N Bauer
- Department of Physiology Pharmacology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
- Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama , Mobile, Alabama
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Increased Levels of cAMP by the Calcium-Dependent Activation of Soluble Adenylyl Cyclase in Parkin-Mutant Fibroblasts. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030250. [PMID: 30875974 PMCID: PMC6468892 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost half of autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism has been associated with mutations in PARK2, coding for parkin, which plays an important role in mitochondria function and calcium homeostasis. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a major second messenger regulating mitochondrial metabolism, and it is strictly interlocked with calcium homeostasis. Parkin-mutant (Pt) fibroblasts, exhibiting defective mitochondrial respiratory/OxPhos activity, showed a significant higher value of basal intracellular level of cAMP, as compared with normal fibroblasts (CTRL). Specific pharmacological inhibition/activation of members of the adenylyl cyclase- and of the phosphodiesterase-families, respectively, as well as quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis, indicate that the higher level of cAMP observed in Pt fibroblasts can contribute to a higher level of activity/expression by soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) and to low activity/expression of the phosphodiesterase isoform 4 (PDE4). As Ca2+ regulates sAC, we performed quantitative calcium-fluorimetric analysis, showing a higher level of Ca2+ in the both cytosol and mitochondria of Pt fibroblasts as compared with CTRL. Most notably, inhibition of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter decreased, specifically the cAMP level in PD fibroblasts. All together, these findings support the occurrence of an altered mitochondrial Ca2+-mediated cAMP homeostasis in fibroblasts with the parkin mutation.
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68
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Calebiro D, Koszegi Z. The subcellular dynamics of GPCR signaling. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 483:24-30. [PMID: 30610913 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors and mediate the effects of a multitude of extracellular cues, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, odorants and light. Because of their involvement in numerous physiological and pathological processes and their accessibility, they are extensively exploited as pharmacological targets. Biochemical and structural biology investigations have clarified the molecular basis of GPCR signaling to a high level of detail. In spite of this, how GPCRs can efficiently and precisely translate extracellular signals into specific and well-orchestrated biological responses in the complexity of a living cell or organism remains insufficiently understood. To explain the high efficiency and specificity observed in GPCR signaling, it has been suggested that GPCR might signal in discrete nanodomains on the plasma membrane or even form stable complexes with G proteins and effectors. However, directly testing these hypotheses has proven a major challenge. Recent studies taking advantage of innovative optical methods such as fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and single-molecule microscopy have begun to dig into the organization of GPCR signaling in living cells on the spatial (nm) and temporal (ms) scales on which cell signaling events are taking place. The results of these studies are revealing a complex and highly dynamic picture, whereby GPCRs undergo transient interaction with their signaling partners, membrane lipids and the cytoskeleton to form short-lived signaling nanodomains both on the plasma membrane and at intracellular sites. Continuous exchanges among such nanodomains via later diffusion as well as via membrane trafficking might provide a highly sophisticated way of controlling the timing and location of GPCR signaling. Here, we will review the most recent advances in our understanding of the organization of GPCR signaling in living cells, with a particular focus on its dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Calebiro
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK.
| | - Zsombor Koszegi
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
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69
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MacKeil JL, Brzezinska P, Burke-Kleinman J, Craig AW, Nicol CJB, Maurice DH. A PKA/cdc42 Signaling Axis Restricts Angiogenic Sprouting by Regulating Podosome Rosette Biogenesis and Matrix Remodeling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2385. [PMID: 30787359 PMCID: PMC6382826 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37805-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenic sprouting can contribute adaptively, or mal-adaptively, to a myriad of conditions including ischemic heart disease and cancer. While the cellular and molecular systems that regulate tip versus stalk endothelial cell (EC) specification during angiogenesis are known, those systems that regulate their distinct actions remain poorly understood. Pre-clinical and clinical findings support sustained adrenergic signaling in promoting angiogenesis, but links between adrenergic signaling and angiogenesis are lacking; importantly, adrenergic agents alter the activation status of the cAMP signaling system. Here, we show that the cAMP effector, PKA, acts in a cell autonomous fashion to constitutively reduce the in vitro and ex vivo angiogenic sprouting capacity of ECs. At a cellular level, we observed that silencing or inhibiting PKA in human ECs increased their invasive capacity, their generation of podosome rosettes and, consequently, their ability to degrade a collagen matrix. While inhibition of either Src-family kinases or of cdc42 reduced these events in control ECs, only cdc42 inhibition, or silencing, significantly impacted them in PKA(Cα)-silenced ECs. Consistent with these findings, cell-based measurements of cdc42 activity revealed that PKA activation inhibits EC cdc42 activity, at least in part, by promoting its interaction with the inhibitory regulator, guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor-α (RhoGDIα).
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Affiliation(s)
- J L MacKeil
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Brzezinska
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J Burke-Kleinman
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A W Craig
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C J B Nicol
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - D H Maurice
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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70
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He X, Drelich A, Yu S, Chang Q, Gong D, Zhou Y, Qu Y, Yuan Y, Su Z, Qiu Y, Tang SJ, Gaitas A, Ksiazek T, Xu Z, Zhou J, Feng Z, Wakamiya M, Lu F, Gong B. Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP plays a critical role in regulation of vascular fibrinolysis. Life Sci 2019; 221:1-12. [PMID: 30738042 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis at the surface of vascular endothelial cells (SVEC) plays a key role in maintaining vascular hemostasis, in which the cAMP pathway participates. After externalization to the SVEC, annexin A2 (ANXA2) serves as a platform for conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Here we describe a regulatory role of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) in ANXA2 externalization and vascular fibrinolysis. Knockout of EPAC1 in mice results in a decreased ANXA2 expression on the SVEC associated with increased fibrin deposition and fibrinolytic dysfunction. Reduced levels of EPAC1 are also found in endocardial tissues beneath atrial mural thrombi in patients. Notably, administration of recombinant ANXA2 ameliorates fibrinolytic dysfunction in the EPAC1-null mice. Mechanistically, EPAC1 regulates the SVEC plasminogen conversion depended on ANXA2. EPAC1 promotes tyrosine-23 phosphorylation of ANXA2, a prerequisite for its recruitment to the SVEC. Our data thus reveal a novel regulatory role for EPAC1 in vascular fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Shangyi Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Dejun Gong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yixuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yue Qu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yang Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhengchen Su
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Shao-Jun Tang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Angelo Gaitas
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thomas Ksiazek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zhiyun Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Maki Wakamiya
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Fanglin Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Bin Gong
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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71
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Kosutova P, Mikolka P, Kolomaznik M, Balentova S, Adamkov M, Calkovska A, Mokra D. Reduction of lung inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis by the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast in experimental model of acute lung injury. Physiol Res 2019; 67:S645-S654. [PMID: 30607971 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage of alveolar-capillary barrier, inflammation, oxidative injury, and lung cell apoptosis represent the key features of acute lung injury (ALI). This study evaluated if selective phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitor roflumilast can reduce the mentioned changes in lavage-induced model of ALI. Rabbits with ALI were divided into 2 groups: ALI without therapy (A group) and ALI treated with roflumilast i.v. (1 mg/kg; A+R group). One group of healthy animals without ALI served as ventilated controls (C group). All animals were oxygen-ventilated for further 4 h. At the end of experiment, total and differential counts of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and total and differential counts of white blood cells were estimated. Lung edema formation was assessed from determination of protein content in BALF. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-6 and IL-8) and markers of oxidation (3-nitrotyrosine, thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances) were detected in the lung tissue and plasma. Apoptosis of lung cells was investigated immunohistochemically. Treatment with roflumilast reduced leak of cells, particularly of neutrophils, into the lung, decreased concentrations of cytokines and oxidative products in the lung and plasma, and reduced lung cell apoptosis and edema formation. Concluding, PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast showed potent anti-inflammatory actions in this model of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kosutova
- Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
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Zhou D, Ota K, Nardin C, Feldman M, Widman A, Wind O, Simon A, Reilly M, Levin LR, Buck J, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Zippin JH. Mammalian pigmentation is regulated by a distinct cAMP-dependent mechanism that controls melanosome pH. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/555/eaau7987. [PMID: 30401788 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau7987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The production of melanin increases skin pigmentation and reduces the risk of skin cancer. Melanin production depends on the pH of melanosomes, which are more acidic in lighter-skinned than in darker-skinned people. We showed that inhibition of soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) controlled pigmentation by increasing the pH of melanosomes both in cells and in vivo. Distinct from the canonical melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R)-dependent cAMP pathway that controls pigmentation by altering gene expression, we found that inhibition of sAC increased pigmentation by increasing the activity of tyrosinase, the rate-limiting enzyme in melanin synthesis, which is more active at basic pH. We demonstrated that the effect of sAC activity on pH and melanin production in human melanocytes depended on the skin color of the donor. Last, we identified sAC inhibitors as a new class of drugs that increase melanosome pH and pigmentation in vivo, suggesting that pharmacologic inhibition of this pathway may affect skin cancer risk or pigmentation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalee Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Koji Ota
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Charlee Nardin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Besançon 25030, France
| | - Michelle Feldman
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Adam Widman
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Olivia Wind
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Amanda Simon
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Michael Reilly
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lonny R Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jochen Buck
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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73
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Russo I, Di Benedetto G, Kaganovich A, Ding J, Mercatelli D, Morari M, Cookson MR, Bubacco L, Greggio E. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 controls protein kinase A activation state through phosphodiesterase 4. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:297. [PMID: 30368241 PMCID: PMC6204045 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates a cross-regulation between two kinases, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and protein kinase A (PKA). In neurons, LRRK2 negatively regulates PKA activity in spiny projecting neurons during synaptogenesis and in response to dopamine D1 receptor activation acting as an A-anchoring kinase protein (AKAP). In microglia cells, we showed that LRRK2 kinase activity negatively regulates PKA, impacting NF-κB p50 signaling and the inflammatory response. Here, we explore the molecular mechanism underlying the functional interaction between LRRK2 and PKA in microglia. METHODS To understand which step of PKA signaling is modulated by LRRK2, we used a combination of in vitro and ex vivo systems with hyperactive or inactive LRRK2 as well as different readouts of PKA signaling. RESULTS We confirmed that LRRK2 kinase activity acts as a negative regulator of PKA activation state in microglia. Specifically, we found that LRRK2 controls PKA by affecting phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) activity, modulating cAMP degradation, content, and its dependent signaling. Moreover, we showed that LRRK2 carrying the G2019S pathological mutation downregulates PKA activation causing a reduction of PKA-mediated NF-κB inhibitory signaling, which results, in turn, in increased inflammation in LRRK2 G2019S primary microglia upon α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils priming. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings indicate that LRRK2 kinase activity is a key regulator of PKA signaling and suggest PDE4 as a putative LRRK2 effector in microglia. In addition, our observations suggest that LRRK2 G2019S may favor the transition of microglia toward an overactive state, which could widely contribute to the progression of the pathology in LRRK2-related PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Present Address: Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Alice Kaganovich
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jinhui Ding
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Daniela Mercatelli
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Morari
- Department of Medical Sciences, National Institute for Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mark R. Cookson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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74
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Filadi R, Basso E, Lefkimmiatis K, Pozzan T. Beyond Intracellular Signaling: The Ins and Outs of Second Messengers Microdomains. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 981:279-322. [PMID: 29594866 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55858-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A typical characteristic of eukaryotic cells compared to prokaryotes is represented by the spatial heterogeneity of the different structural and functional components: for example, most of the genetic material is surrounded by a highly specific membrane structure (the nuclear membrane), continuous with, yet largely different from, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER); oxidative phosphorylation is carried out by organelles enclosed by a double membrane, the mitochondria; in addition, distinct domains, enriched in specific proteins, are present in the plasma membrane (PM) of most cells. Less obvious, but now generally accepted, is the notion that even the concentration of small molecules such as second messengers (Ca2+ and cAMP in particular) can be highly heterogeneous within cells. In the case of most organelles, the differences in the luminal levels of second messengers depend either on the existence on their membrane of proteins that allow the accumulation/release of the second messenger (e.g., in the case of Ca2+, pumps, exchangers or channels), or on the synthesis and degradation of the specific molecule within the lumen (the autonomous intramitochondrial cAMP system). It needs stressing that the existence of a surrounding membrane does not necessarily imply the existence of a gradient between the cytosol and the organelle lumen. For example, the nuclear membrane is highly permeable to both Ca2+ and cAMP (nuclear pores are permeable to solutes up to 50 kDa) and differences in [Ca2+] or [cAMP] between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm are not seen in steady state and only very transiently during cell activation. A similar situation has been observed, as far as Ca2+ is concerned, in peroxisomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Filadi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Emy Basso
- Institute of Neuroscience, Padova Section, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Lefkimmiatis
- Institute of Neuroscience, Padova Section, National Research Council, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Tullio Pozzan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Padova Section, National Research Council, Padova, Italy.
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.
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75
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Phosphatases control PKA-dependent functional microdomains at the outer mitochondrial membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6497-E6506. [PMID: 29941564 PMCID: PMC6048485 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806318115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The selective phosphorylation of spatially distinct PKA targets is key for the pleiotropy of the cAMP cascade. This characteristic of the pathway is currently attributed to the ability of phosphodiesterases or adenylate cyclases to create subcellular sites (microdomains) where the concentration of cAMP is distinct from that of the surrounding areas. The role of phosphatases in this process has not been tested. Here we show that limited access of phosphatases to the PKA targets present at the outer mitochondrial membrane generates distinct microdomains of PKA phosphorylated proteins despite there being no differences in the local cAMP levels. These results describe an alternative mechanism capable of generating functional cAMP/PKA-dependent microdomains and may be extrapolated to the compartmentalization of other kinase-dependent events. Evidence supporting the heterogeneity in cAMP and PKA signaling is rapidly accumulating and has been largely attributed to the localization or activity of adenylate cyclases, phosphodiesterases, and A-kinase–anchoring proteins in different cellular subcompartments. However, little attention has been paid to the possibility that, despite homogeneous cAMP levels, a major heterogeneity in cAMP/PKA signaling could be generated by the spatial distribution of the final terminators of this cascade, i.e., the phosphatases. Using FRET-based sensors to monitor cAMP and PKA-dependent phosphorylation in the cytosol and outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) of primary rat cardiomyocytes, we demonstrate that comparable cAMP increases in these two compartments evoke higher levels of PKA-dependent phosphorylation in the OMM. This difference is most evident for small, physiological increases of cAMP levels and with both OMM-located probes and endogenous OMM proteins. We demonstrate that this disparity depends on differences in the rates of phosphatase-dependent dephosphorylation of PKA targets in the two compartments. Furthermore, we show that the activity of soluble phosphatases attenuates PKA-driven activation of the cAMP response element-binding protein while concurrently enhancing PKA-dependent mitochondrial elongation. We conclude that phosphatases can sculpt functionally distinct cAMP/PKA domains even in the absence of gradients or microdomains of this messenger. We present a model that accounts for these unexpected results in which the degree of PKA-dependent phosphorylation is dictated by both the subcellular distribution of the phosphatases and the different accessibility of membrane-bound and soluble phosphorylated substrates to the cytosolic enzymes.
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76
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Wiggins SV, Steegborn C, Levin LR, Buck J. Pharmacological modulation of the CO 2/HCO 3-/pH-, calcium-, and ATP-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:173-186. [PMID: 29807057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP), the prototypical second messenger, has been implicated in a wide variety of (often opposing) physiological processes. It simultaneously mediates multiple, diverse processes, often within a single cell, by acting locally within independently-regulated and spatially-restricted microdomains. Within each microdomain, the level of cAMP will be dependent upon the balance between its synthesis by adenylyl cyclases and its degradation by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). In mammalian cells, there are many PDE isoforms and two types of adenylyl cyclases; the G protein regulated transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (tmACs) and the CO2/HCO3-/pH-, calcium-, and ATP-sensing soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). Discriminating the roles of individual cyclic nucleotide microdomains requires pharmacological modulators selective for the various PDEs and/or adenylyl cyclases. Such tools present an opportunity to develop therapeutics specifically targeted to individual cAMP dependent pathways. The pharmacological modulators of tmACs have recently been reviewed, and in this review, we describe the current status of pharmacological tools available for studying sAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakarr V Wiggins
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Clemens Steegborn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lonny R Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Jochen Buck
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, United States
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77
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Pozdniakova S, Ladilov Y. Functional Significance of the Adcy10-Dependent Intracellular cAMP Compartments. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:E29. [PMID: 29751653 PMCID: PMC6023465 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence confirms the compartmentalized structure of evolutionarily conserved 3'⁻5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling, which allows for simultaneous participation in a wide variety of physiological functions and ensures specificity, selectivity and signal strength. One important player in cAMP signaling is soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC). The intracellular localization of sAC allows for the formation of unique intracellular cAMP microdomains that control various physiological and pathological processes. This review is focused on the functional role of sAC-produced cAMP. In particular, we examine the role of sAC-cAMP in different cellular compartments, such as cytosol, nucleus and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Pozdniakova
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charite, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin Partner Site, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Yury Ladilov
- Institute of Gender in Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charite, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Berlin Partner Site, 10115 Berlin, Germany.
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78
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Bhogal NK, Hasan A, Gorelik J. The Development of Compartmentation of cAMP Signaling in Cardiomyocytes: The Role of T-Tubules and Caveolae Microdomains. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5020025. [PMID: 29751502 PMCID: PMC6023514 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
3′-5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a signaling messenger produced in response to the stimulation of cellular receptors, and has a myriad of functional applications depending on the cell type. In the heart, cAMP is responsible for regulating the contraction rate and force; however, cAMP is also involved in multiple other functions. Compartmentation of cAMP production may explain the specificity of signaling following a stimulus. In particular, transverse tubules (T-tubules) and caveolae have been found to be critical structural components for the spatial confinement of cAMP in cardiomyocytes, as exemplified by beta-adrenergic receptor (β-ARs) signaling. Pathological alterations in cardiomyocyte microdomain architecture led to a disruption in compartmentation of the cAMP signal. In this review, we discuss the difference between atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes in respect to microdomain organization, and the pathological changes of atrial and ventricular cAMP signaling in response to myocyte dedifferentiation. In addition, we review the role of localized phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in constraining the cAMP signal. Finally, we discuss microdomain biogenesis and maturation of cAMP signaling with the help of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). Understanding these mechanisms may help to overcome the detrimental effects of pathological structural remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet K Bhogal
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Alveera Hasan
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Julia Gorelik
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.
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79
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Mitochondrial cAMP-PKA signaling: What do we really know? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1859:868-877. [PMID: 29694829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are key organelles for cellular homeostasis. They generate the most part of ATP that is used by cells through oxidative phosphorylation. They also produce reactive oxygen species, neurotransmitters and other signaling molecules. They are important for calcium homeostasis and apoptosis. Considering the role of this organelle, it is not surprising that most mitochondrial dysfunctions are linked to the development of pathologies. Various mechanisms adjust mitochondrial activity according to physiological needs. The cAMP-PKA signaling emerged in recent years as a direct and powerful mean to regulate mitochondrial functions. Multiple evidence demonstrates that such pathway can be triggered from cytosol or directly within mitochondria. Notably, specific anchor proteins target PKA to mitochondria whereas enzymes necessary for generation and degradation of cAMP are found directly in these organelles. Mitochondrial PKA targets proteins localized in different compartments of mitochondria, and related to various functions. Alterations of mitochondrial cAMP-PKA signaling affect the development of several physiopathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases. It is however difficult to discriminate between the effects of cAMP-PKA signaling triggered from cytosol or directly in mitochondria. The specific roles of PKA localized in different mitochondrial compartments are also not completely understood. The aim of this work is to review the role of cAMP-PKA signaling in mitochondrial (patho)physiology.
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80
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Blain-Hartung M, Rockwell NC, Moreno MV, Martin SS, Gan F, Bryant DA, Lagarias JC. Cyanobacteriochrome-based photoswitchable adenylyl cyclases (cPACs) for broad spectrum light regulation of cAMP levels in cells. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:8473-8483. [PMID: 29632072 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Class III adenylyl cyclases generate the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP from ATP often in response to environmental or cellular cues. During evolution, soluble adenylyl cyclase catalytic domains have been repeatedly juxtaposed with signal-input domains to place cAMP synthesis under the control of a wide variety of these environmental and endogenous signals. Adenylyl cyclases with light-sensing domains have proliferated in photosynthetic species depending on light as an energy source, yet are also widespread in nonphotosynthetic species. Among such naturally occurring light sensors, several flavin-based photoactivated adenylyl cyclases (PACs) have been adopted as optogenetic tools to manipulate cellular processes with blue light. In this report, we report the discovery of a cyanobacteriochrome-based photoswitchable adenylyl cyclase (cPAC) from the cyanobacterium Microcoleus sp. PCC 7113. Unlike flavin-dependent PACs, which must thermally decay to be deactivated, cPAC exhibits a bistable photocycle whose adenylyl cyclase could be reversibly activated and inactivated by blue and green light, respectively. Through domain exchange experiments, we also document the ability to extend the wavelength-sensing specificity of cPAC into the near IR. In summary, our work has uncovered a cyanobacteriochrome-based adenylyl cyclase that holds great potential for the design of bistable photoswitchable adenylyl cyclases to fine-tune cAMP-regulated processes in cells, tissues, and whole organisms with light across the visible spectrum and into the near IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Blain-Hartung
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Nathan C Rockwell
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Marcus V Moreno
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Shelley S Martin
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - Fei Gan
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and
| | - Donald A Bryant
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, and.,the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717
| | - J Clark Lagarias
- From the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California 95616,
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81
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Wang GY, Li L, Liu B, Han X, Wang CH, Wang JW. Integrated bioinformatic analysis unveils significant genes and pathways in the pathogenesis of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1849-1859. [PMID: 29670360 PMCID: PMC5894672 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s148776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore significant genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (sPNET). Materials and methods Gene expression profile of GSE14295 was downloaded from publicly available Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened out in primary sPNET samples compared with normal fetal and adult brain reference samples (sPNET vs fetal brain and sPNET vs adult brain). Pathway enrichment analysis of these DEGs was conducted, followed by protein–protein interaction (PPI) network construction and significant module selection. Additionally, transcription factors (TFs) regulating the common DEGs in the two comparison groups were identified, and the regulatory network was constructed. Results In total, 526 DEGs (99 up- and 427 downregulated) in sPNET vs fetal brain and 815 DEGs (200 up- and 615 downregulated) in sPNET vs adult brain were identified. DEGs in sPNET vs fetal brain and sPNET vs adult brain were associated with calcium signaling pathway, cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathway. CDK1, CDC20, BUB1B, and BUB1 were hub nodes in the PPI networks of DEGs in sPNET vs fetal brain and sPNET vs adult brain. Significant modules were extracted from the PPI networks. In addition, 64 upregulated and 200 downregulated overlapping DEGs were identified in both sPNET vs fetal brain and sPNET vs adult brain. The genes involved in the regulatory network upon overlapping DEGs and the TFs were correlated with calcium signaling pathway. Conclusion Calcium signaling pathway and several genes (CDK1, CDC20, BUB1B, and BUB1) may play important roles in the pathogenesis of sPNET.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery
| | | | | | - Ji-Wen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Pudong New District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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82
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Xu S, Sui J, Yang S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liang G. Integrative analysis of competing endogenous RNA network focusing on long noncoding RNA associated with progression of cutaneous melanoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:1019-1029. [PMID: 29522273 PMCID: PMC5911588 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is the most malignant tumor of skin cancers because of its rapid development and high mortality rate. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which play essential roles in the tumorigenesis and metastasis of CM and interplay with microRNAs (miRNAs) and mRNAs, are hopefully considered to be efficient biomarkers to detect deterioration during the progression of CM to improve the prognosis. Bioinformatics analysis was fully applied to predict the vital lncRNAs and the associated miRNAs and mRNAs, which eventually constructed the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network to explain the RNA expression patterns in the progression of CM. Further statistical analysis emphasized the importance of these key genes, which were statistically significantly related to one or few clinical features from the ceRNA network. The results showed the lncRNAs MGC12926 and LINC00937 were verified to be strongly connected with the prognosis of CM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Jing Sui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yufeng Liu
- TCM of Jiangsu Provincial HospitalNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of DermatologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeJiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIsNanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Geyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine EngineeringMinistry of EducationSchool of Public HealthSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina
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83
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Zaglia T, Mongillo M. Cardiac sympathetic innervation, from a different point of (re)view. J Physiol 2018; 595:3919-3930. [PMID: 28240352 DOI: 10.1113/jp273120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The audience of basic and clinical scientists is familiar with the notion that the sympathetic nervous system controls heart function during stresses. However, evidence indicates that the neurogenic control of the heart spans from the maintenance of housekeeping functions in resting conditions to the recruitment of maximal performance, in the fight-or-flight responses, across a whole range of intermediate states. To perform such sophisticated functions, sympathetic ganglia integrate both peripheral and central inputs, and transmit information to the heart via 'motor' neurons, directly interacting with target cardiomyocytes. To date, the dynamics and mode of communication between these two cell types, which determine how neuronal information is adequately translated into the wide spectrum of cardiac responses, are still blurry. By combining the anatomical and structural information brought to light by recent imaging technologies and the functional evidence in cellular systems, we focus on the interface between neurons and cardiomyocytes, and advocate the existence of a specific 'neuro-cardiac junction', where sympathetic neurotransmission occurs in a 'quasi-synaptic' way. The properties of such junctional-type communication fit well with those of the physiological responses elicited by the cardiac sympathetic nervous system, and explain its ability to tune heart function with precision, specificity and elevated temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Zaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, via Giustiniani 2, 35128, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via G.Orus, 2, 35129, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, via G.Orus, 2, 35129, Padova, Italy.,CNR institute of Neurosciences, viale Colombo 3, 35133, Padova, Italy
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84
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cAMP, cGMP and Amyloid β: Three Ideal Partners for Memory Formation. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:255-266. [PMID: 29501262 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
cAMP and cGMP are well established second messengers required for long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory formation/consolidation. By contrast, amyloid β (Aβ), mostly known as one of the main culprits for Alzheimer's disease (AD), has received relatively little attention in the context of plasticity and memory. Of note, however, low physiological concentrations of Aβ seem necessary for LTP induction and for memory formation. This should come as no surprise, since hormesis emerged as a central dogma in biology. Additionally, recent evidence indicates that Aβ is one of the downstream effectors for cAMP and cGMP to trigger synaptic plasticity and memory. We argue that these emerging findings depict a new scenario that should change the general view on the amyloidogenic pathway, and that could have significant implications for the understanding of AD and its pharmacological treatment in the future.
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85
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Schirmer I, Bualeong T, Budde H, Cimiotti D, Appukuttan A, Klein N, Steinwascher P, Reusch P, Mügge A, Meyer R, Ladilov Y, Jaquet K. Soluble adenylyl cyclase: A novel player in cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoprenaline or pressure overload. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192322. [PMID: 29466442 PMCID: PMC5821345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In contrast to the membrane bound adenylyl cyclases, the soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is activated by bicarbonate and divalent ions including calcium. sAC is located in the cytosol, nuclei and mitochondria of several tissues including cardiac muscle. However, its role in cardiac pathology is poorly understood. Here we investigate whether sAC is involved in hypertrophic growth using two different model systems. Methods and results In isolated adult rat cardiomyocytes hypertrophy was induced by 24 h β1-adrenoceptor stimulation using isoprenaline (ISO) and a β2-adrenoceptor antagonist (ICI118,551). To monitor hypertrophy cell size along with RNA/DNA- and protein/DNA ratios as well as the expression level of α-skeletal actin were analyzed. sAC activity was suppressed either by treatment with its specific inhibitor KH7 or by knockdown. Both pharmacological inhibition and knockdown blunted hypertrophic growth and reduced expression levels of α-skeletal actin in ISO/ICI treated rat cardiomyocytes. To analyze the underlying cellular mechanism expression levels of phosphorylated CREB, B-Raf and Erk1/2 were examined by western blot. The results suggest the involvement of B-Raf, but not of Erk or CREB in the pro-hypertrophic action of sAC. In wild type and sAC knockout mice pressure overload was induced by transverse aortic constriction. Hemodynamics, heart weight and the expression level of the atrial natriuretic peptide were analyzed. In accordance, transverse aortic constriction failed to induce hypertrophy in sAC knockout mice. Mechanistic analysis revealed a potential role of Erk1/2 in TAC-induced hypertrophy. Conclusion Soluble adenylyl cyclase might be a new pivotal player in the cardiac hypertrophic response either to long-term β1-adrenoceptor stimulation or to pressure overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Schirmer
- Cardiology, Research Laboratory Molecular Cardiology, BG Bergmannsheil and St. Josef-Hospital, clinics of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Tippaporn Bualeong
- Institute of Physiology II, Hospital of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Heidi Budde
- Cardiology, Research Laboratory Molecular Cardiology, BG Bergmannsheil and St. Josef-Hospital, clinics of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Diana Cimiotti
- Cardiology, Research Laboratory Molecular Cardiology, BG Bergmannsheil and St. Josef-Hospital, clinics of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Avinash Appukuttan
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nicole Klein
- Cardiology, Research Laboratory Molecular Cardiology, BG Bergmannsheil and St. Josef-Hospital, clinics of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Philip Steinwascher
- Cardiology, Research Laboratory Molecular Cardiology, BG Bergmannsheil and St. Josef-Hospital, clinics of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Reusch
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Cardiology, Research Laboratory Molecular Cardiology, BG Bergmannsheil and St. Josef-Hospital, clinics of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rainer Meyer
- Institute of Physiology II, Hospital of the Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Yury Ladilov
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kornelia Jaquet
- Cardiology, Research Laboratory Molecular Cardiology, BG Bergmannsheil and St. Josef-Hospital, clinics of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- * E-mail:
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86
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Calebiro D, Sungkaworn T. Single-Molecule Imaging of GPCR Interactions. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:109-122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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87
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The metabolic/pH sensor soluble adenylyl cyclase is a tumor suppressor protein. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45597-45607. [PMID: 27323809 PMCID: PMC5216745 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP signaling pathways can both stimulate and inhibit the development of cancer; however, the sources of cAMP important for tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. Soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a non-canonical, evolutionarily conserved, nutrient- and pH-sensing source of cAMP. sAC has been implicated in the metastatic potential of certain cancers, and it is differentially localized in human cancers as compared to benign tissues. We now show that sAC expression is reduced in many human cancers. Loss of sAC increases cellular transformation in vitro and malignant progression in vivo. These data identify the metabolic/pH sensor soluble adenylyl cyclase as a previously unappreciated tumor suppressor protein.
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88
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O'Banion CP, Priestman MA, Hughes RM, Herring LE, Capuzzi SJ, Lawrence DS. Design and Profiling of a Subcellular Targeted Optogenetic cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:100-109.e8. [PMID: 29104065 PMCID: PMC5777159 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) is ubiquitously expressed, it is sequestered at specific subcellular locations throughout the cell, thereby resulting in compartmentalized cellular signaling that triggers site-specific behavioral phenotypes. We developed a three-step engineering strategy to construct an optogenetic PKA (optoPKA) and demonstrated that, upon illumination, optoPKA migrates to specified intracellular sites. Furthermore, we designed intracellular spatially segregated reporters of PKA activity and confirmed that optoPKA phosphorylates these reporters in a light-dependent fashion. Finally, proteomics experiments reveal that light activation of optoPKA results in the phosphorylation of known endogenous PKA substrates as well as potential novel substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin P O'Banion
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Melanie A Priestman
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Robert M Hughes
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Chemistry; East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core, Department of Pharmacology, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Stephen J Capuzzi
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - David S Lawrence
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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89
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Barker G, Parnell E, van Basten B, Buist H, Adams DR, Yarwood SJ. The Potential of a Novel Class of EPAC-Selective Agonists to Combat Cardiovascular Inflammation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4040022. [PMID: 29367551 PMCID: PMC5753123 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4040022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cyclic 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) sensor enzyme, EPAC1, is a candidate drug target in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) due to its ability to attenuate proinflammatory cytokine signalling normally associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including atherosclerosis. This is through the EPAC1-dependent induction of the suppressor of cytokine signalling gene, SOCS3, which targets inflammatory signalling proteins for ubiquitinylation and destruction by the proteosome. Given this important role for the EPAC1/SOCS3 signalling axis, we have used high throughput screening (HTS) to identify small molecule EPAC1 regulators and have recently isolated the first known non-cyclic nucleotide (NCN) EPAC1 agonist, I942. I942 therefore represents the first in class, isoform selective EPAC1 activator, with the potential to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine signalling with a reduced risk of side effects associated with general cAMP-elevating agents that activate multiple response pathways. The development of augmented I942 analogues may therefore provide improved research tools to validate EPAC1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic inflammation associated with deadly CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Barker
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Euan Parnell
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Boy van Basten
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Hanna Buist
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - David R Adams
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
| | - Stephen J Yarwood
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK.
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90
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Grundmann M, Kostenis E. Temporal Bias: Time-Encoded Dynamic GPCR Signaling. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 38:1110-1124. [PMID: 29074251 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that cells can time-encode signals for secure transport and perception of information, and it appears that this dynamic signaling is a common principle of nature to code information in time. G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling networks are no exception as their composition and signal transduction appear temporally flexible. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms by which GPCRs code biological information in time to create 'temporal bias.' We highlight dynamic signaling patterns from the second messenger to the receptor-ligand level and shed light on the dynamics of G-protein cycles, the kinetics of ligand-receptor interaction, and the occurrence of distinct signaling waves within the cell. A dynamic feature such as temporal bias adds to the complexity of GPCR signaling bias and gives rise to the question whether this trait could be exploited to gain control over time-encoded cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Grundmann
- Molecular-, Cellular- and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Kidney Disease Research, Bayer Pharma AG, Aprather Weg 18a, 42113 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Evi Kostenis
- Molecular-, Cellular- and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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91
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Internalized TSH receptors en route to the TGN induce local G s-protein signaling and gene transcription. Nat Commun 2017; 8:443. [PMID: 28874659 PMCID: PMC5585343 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00357-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A new paradigm of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling at intracellular sites has recently emerged, but the underlying mechanisms and functional consequences are insufficiently understood. Here, we show that upon internalization in thyroid cells, endogenous TSH receptors traffic retrogradely to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and activate endogenous Gs-proteins in the retromer-coated compartment that brings them to the TGN. Receptor internalization is associated with a late cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) response at the Golgi/TGN. Blocking receptor internalization, inhibiting PKA II/interfering with its Golgi/TGN localization, silencing retromer or disrupting Golgi/TGN organization all impair efficient TSH-dependent cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. These results suggest that retrograde trafficking to the TGN induces local Gs-protein activation and cAMP/PKA signaling at a critical position near the nucleus, which appears required for efficient CREB phosphorylation and gene transcription. This provides a new mechanism to explain the functional consequences of GPCR signaling at intracellular sites and reveals a critical role for the TGN in GPCR signaling. Recent investigations suggest that G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can signal during intracellular trafficking. Here the authors use fluorescence microscopy approaches to directly visualize and investigate functional consequences of GPCR-mediated signaling at the Golgi/trans-Golgi network.
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92
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Valsecchi F, Konrad C, D'Aurelio M, Ramos-Espiritu LS, Stepanova A, Burstein SR, Galkin A, Magranè J, Starkov A, Buck J, Levin LR, Manfredi G. Distinct intracellular sAC-cAMP domains regulate ER Ca 2+ signaling and OXPHOS function. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:3713-3727. [PMID: 28864766 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
cAMP regulates a wide variety of physiological functions in mammals. This single second messenger can regulate multiple, seemingly disparate functions within independently regulated cell compartments. We have previously identified one such compartment inside the matrix of the mitochondria, where soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) regulates oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). We now show that sAC knockout fibroblasts have a defect in OXPHOS activity and attempt to compensate for this defect by increasing OXPHOS proteins. Importantly, sAC knockout cells also exhibit decreased probability of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ release associated with diminished phosphorylation of the inositol 3-phosphate receptor. Restoring sAC expression exclusively in the mitochondrial matrix rescues OXPHOS activity and reduces mitochondrial biogenesis, indicating that these phenotypes are regulated by intramitochondrial sAC. In contrast, Ca2+ release from the ER is only rescued when sAC expression is restored throughout the cell. Thus, we show that functionally distinct, sAC-defined, intracellular cAMP signaling domains regulate metabolism and Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Csaba Konrad
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Lavoisier S Ramos-Espiritu
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA.,High-Throughput and Spectroscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anna Stepanova
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | | | - Jordi Magranè
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Jochen Buck
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Lonny R Levin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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93
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Components of the mitochondrial cAMP signalosome. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:269-274. [PMID: 28202681 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
3'-5'-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) signalling is activated by different extracellular stimuli and mediates many diverse processes within the same cell. It is now well established that in order to translate into the appropriate cellular function multiple extracellular inputs, which may act simultaneously on the same cell, the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway is compartmentalised. Multimolecular complexes are organised at specific subcellular sites to generate spatially confined signalosomes, which include effectors, modulators and targets of the pathway. In recent years, it has become evident that mitochondria represent sites of compartmentalised cAMP signalling. However, the exact location and the molecular composition of distinct mitochondria signalosomes and their function remain largely unknown. In this review, we focus on individual components of the cAMP/PKA signalling pathway at distinct mitochondria subdomains represented by the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes, the intermembrane space and the matrix, highlighting some of the questions that remain unanswered.
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94
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Dysregulation of Neuronal Ca2+ Channel Linked to Heightened Sympathetic Phenotype in Prohypertensive States. J Neurosci 2017; 36:8562-73. [PMID: 27535905 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1059-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hypertension is associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic nucleotide (CN)-coupled intracellular calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis that enhances cardiac sympathetic neurotransmission. Because neuronal membrane Ca(2+) currents are reduced by NO-activated S-nitrosylation, we tested whether CNs affect membrane channel conductance directly in neurons isolated from the stellate ganglia of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and their normotensive controls. Using voltage-clamp and cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) FRET sensors, we hypothesized that impaired CN regulation provides a direct link to abnormal signaling of neuronal calcium channels in the SHR and that targeting cGMP can restore the channel phenotype. We found significantly larger whole-cell Ca(2+) currents from diseased neurons that were largely mediated by the N-type Ca(2+) channel (Cav2.2). Elevating cGMP restored the SHR Ca(2+) current to levels seen in normal neurons that were not affected by cGMP. cGMP also decreased cAMP levels and PKA activity in diseased neurons. In contrast, cAMP-PKA activity was increased in normal neurons, suggesting differential switching in phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity. PDE2A inhibition enhanced the Ca(2+) current in normal neurons to a conductance similar to that seen in SHR neurons, whereas the inhibitor slightly decreased the current in diseased neurons. Pharmacological evidence supported a switching from cGMP acting via PDE3 in control neurons to PDE2A in SHR neurons in the modulation of the Ca(2+) current. Our data suggest that a disturbance in the regulation of PDE-coupled CNs linked to N-type Ca(2+) channels is an early hallmark of the prohypertensive phenotype associated with intracellular Ca(2+) impairment underpinning sympathetic dysautonomia. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Here, we identify dysregulation of cyclic-nucleotide (CN)-linked neuronal Ca(2+) channel activity that could provide the trigger for the enhanced sympathetic neurotransmission observed in the prohypertensive state. Furthermore, we provide evidence that increasing cGMP rescues the channel phenotype and restores ion channel activity to levels seen in normal neurons. We also observed CN cross-talk in sympathetic neurons that may be related to a differential switching in phosphodiesterase activity. The presence of these early molecular changes in asymptomatic, prohypertensive animals could facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets with which to modulate intracellular Ca(2+) Turning down the gain of sympathetic hyperresponsiveness in cardiovascular disease associated with sympathetic dysautonomia would have significant therapeutic utility.
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95
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Weber S, Zeller M, Guan K, Wunder F, Wagner M, El-Armouche A. PDE2 at the crossway between cAMP and cGMP signalling in the heart. Cell Signal 2017; 38:76-84. [PMID: 28668721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP are central second messengers in cardiac cells and critical regulators of cardiac physiology as well as pathophysiology. Consequently, subcellular compartmentalization allows for spatiotemporal control of cAMP/cGMP metabolism and subsequent regulation of their respective effector kinases PKA or PKG is most important for cardiac function in health and disease. While acute cAMP-mediated signalling is a mandatory prerequisite for the physiological fight-or-flight response, sustained activation of this pathway may lead to the progression of heart failure. In contrast, acute as well as sustained cGMP-mediated signalling can foster beneficial features, e.g. anti-hypertrophic and vasodilatory effects. These two signalling pathways seem to be intuitively counteracting and there is increasing evidence for a functionally relevant crosstalk between cAMP and cGMP signalling pathways on the level of cyclic nucleotide hydrolysing phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Among this diverse group of enzymes, PDE2 may fulfill a unique integrator role. Equipped with dual substrate specificity for cAMP as well as for cGMP, it is the only cAMP hydrolysing PDE, which is allosterically activated by cGMP. Recent studies have revealed strongly remodelled cAMP/cGMP microdomains and subcellular concentration profiles in different cardiac pathologies, leading to a putatively enhanced involvement of PDE2 in cAMP/cGMP breakdown and crosstalk compared to the other cardiac PDEs. This review sums up the current knowledge about molecular properties and regulation of PDE2 and explains the complex signalling network encompassing PDE2 in order to better understand the functional role of PDE2 in distinct cell types in cardiac health and disease. Moreover, this review gives an outlook in which way PDE2 may serve as a therapeutic target to treat cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Weber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
| | - Miriam Zeller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Kaomei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Frank Wunder
- Drug Discovery, Bayer AG, Aprather Weg 18a, Wuppertal 42113, Germany
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Ali El-Armouche
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany.
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96
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Lima KM, Vago JP, Caux TR, Negreiros-Lima GL, Sugimoto MA, Tavares LP, Arribada RG, Carmo AAF, Galvão I, Costa BRC, Soriani FM, Pinho V, Solito E, Perretti M, Teixeira MM, Sousa LP. The resolution of acute inflammation induced by cyclic AMP is dependent on annexin A1. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13758-13773. [PMID: 28655761 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a glucocorticoid-regulated protein known for its anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects. We have shown previously that the cAMP-enhancing compounds rolipram (ROL; a PDE4 inhibitor) and Bt2cAMP (a cAMP mimetic) drive caspase-dependent resolution of neutrophilic inflammation. In this follow-up study, we investigated whether AnxA1 could be involved in the pro-resolving properties of these compounds using a model of LPS-induced inflammation in BALB/c mice. The treatment with ROL or Bt2cAMP at the peak of inflammation shortened resolution intervals, improved resolution indices, and increased AnxA1 expression. In vitro studies showed that ROL and Bt2cAMP induced AnxA1 expression and phosphorylation, and this effect was prevented by PKA inhibitors, suggesting the involvement of PKA in ROL-induced AnxA1 expression. Akin to these in vitro findings, H89 prevented ROL- and Bt2cAMP-induced resolution of inflammation, and it was associated with decreased levels of intact AnxA1. Moreover, two different strategies to block the AnxA1 pathway (by using N-t-Boc-Met-Leu-Phe, a nonselective AnxA1 receptor antagonist, or by using an anti-AnxA1 neutralizing antiserum) prevented ROL- and Bt2cAMP-induced resolution and neutrophil apoptosis. Likewise, the ability of ROL or Bt2cAMP to induce neutrophil apoptosis was impaired in AnxA-knock-out mice. Finally, in in vitro settings, ROL and Bt2cAMP overrode the survival-inducing effect of LPS in human neutrophils in an AnxA1-dependent manner. Our results show that AnxA1 is at least one of the endogenous determinants mediating the pro-resolving properties of cAMP-elevating agents and cAMP-mimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia M Lima
- From the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas.,the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Juliana P Vago
- From the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas.,the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Thaís R Caux
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Graziele Letícia Negreiros-Lima
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Michelle A Sugimoto
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Luciana P Tavares
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Raquel G Arribada
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Aline Alves F Carmo
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Izabela Galvão
- the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Bruno Rocha C Costa
- the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Frederico M Soriani
- the Departamento de Biologia Geral, Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Pampulha 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, Brazil and
| | - Vanessa Pinho
- From the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas.,the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Egle Solito
- the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Perretti
- the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro M Teixeira
- the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
| | - Lirlândia P Sousa
- From the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, .,the Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia.,the Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, and
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97
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Tulsian NK, Krishnamurthy S, Anand GS. Channeling of cAMP in PDE-PKA Complexes Promotes Signal Adaptation. Biophys J 2017; 112:2552-2566. [PMID: 28636912 PMCID: PMC5479052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatiotemporal control of the cAMP signaling pathway is governed by both hormonal stimulation of cAMP generation by adenylyl cyclases (activation phase) and cAMP hydrolysis by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) (termination phase). The termination phase is initiated by PDEs actively targeting the protein kinase A (PKA) R-subunit through formation of a PDE-PKAR-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) complex (the termination complex). Our results using PDE8 as a model PDE, reveal that PDEs mediate active hydrolysis of cAMP bound to its receptor RIα by enhancing the enzymatic activity. This accelerated cAMP turnover occurs via formation of a stable PDE8-RIα complex, where the protein-protein interface forms peripheral contacts and the central ligand cements this ternary interaction. The basis for enhanced catalysis is active translocation of cAMP from its binding site on RIα to the hydrolysis site on PDE8 through direct "channeling." Our results reveal cAMP channeling in the PDE8-RIα complex and a molecular description of how this channel facilitates processive hydrolysis of unbound cAMP. Thus, unbound cAMP maintains the PDE8-RIα complex while being hydrolyzed, revealing an undiscovered mode for amplification of PKA activity by cAMP-mediated sequestration of the R-subunit by PDEs. This novel regulatory mode explains the paradox of cAMP signal amplification by accelerated PDE-mediated cAMP turnover. This highlights how target effector proteins of small-molecule ligands can promote enzyme-mediated ligand hydrolysis by scaffolding effects. Enhanced activity of the PDE8-RIα complex facilitates robust desensitization, allowing the cell to respond to dynamic levels of cAMP rather than steady-state levels. The PDE8-RIα complex represents a new class of PDE-based complexes for specific drug discovery targeting the cAMP signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kumar Tulsian
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Srinath Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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98
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Esparza-Moltó PB, Nuevo-Tapioles C, Cuezva JM. Regulation of the H +-ATP synthase by IF1: a role in mitohormesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2151-2166. [PMID: 28168445 PMCID: PMC5425498 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2462-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial H+-ATP synthase is a primary hub of cellular homeostasis by providing the energy required to sustain cellular activity and regulating the production of signaling molecules that reprogram nuclear activity needed for adaption to changing cues. Herein, we summarize findings regarding the regulation of the activity of the H+-ATP synthase by its physiological inhibitor, the ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF1) and their functional role in cellular homeostasis. First, we outline the structure and the main molecular mechanisms that regulate the activity of the enzyme. Next, we describe the molecular biology of IF1 and summarize the regulation of IF1 expression and activity as an inhibitor of the H+-ATP synthase emphasizing the role of IF1 as a main driver of energy rewiring and cellular signaling in cancer. Findings in transgenic mice in vivo indicate that the overexpression of IF1 is sufficient to reprogram energy metabolism to an enhanced glycolysis and activate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent signaling pathways that promote cell survival. These findings are placed in the context of mitohormesis, a program in which a mild mitochondrial stress triggers adaptive cytoprotective mechanisms that improve lifespan. In this regard, we emphasize the role played by the H+-ATP synthase in modulating signaling pathways that activate the mitohormetic response, namely ATP, ROS and target of rapamycin (TOR). Overall, we aim to highlight the relevant role of the H+-ATP synthase and of IF1 in cellular physiology and the need of additional studies to decipher their contributions to aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau B Esparza-Moltó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Nuevo-Tapioles
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, (CSIC-UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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99
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Wilson LS, Guo M, Umana MB, Maurice DH. Distinct phosphodiesterase 5A-containing compartments allow selective regulation of cGMP-dependent signalling in human arterial smooth muscle cells. Cell Signal 2017; 36:204-211. [PMID: 28506928 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP (cGMP) translates and integrates much of the information encoded by nitric oxide (NO·) and several natriuretic peptides, including the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Previously, we reported that integration of a cGMP-specific cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, namely phosphodiesterase 5A (PDE5A), into a protein kinase G (PKG)- and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R)-containing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) signalosome allows localized control of PDE5A activity and of PKG-dependent inhibition of IP3-mediated release of ER Ca2+ in human platelets. Herein, we report that PDE5A integrates into an analogous signalosome in human arterial smooth muscle cells (HASMC), wherein it regulates muscarinic agonist-dependent Ca2+ release and is activated selectively by PKG-dependent phosphorylation. In addition, we report that PDE5A also regulates HASMC functions via events independent of PKG, but rather through actions coordinated by competitive cGMP-mediated inhibition of cAMP hydrolysis by the so-called cGMP-inhibited cAMP PDE, namely phosphodiesterase 3A (PDE3A). Indeed, we show that ANP increases both cGMP and cAMP levels in HASMC and promotes phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phospho-protein (VASP) at each the PKG and PKA phospho-acceptor sites. Since selective inhibition of PDE5 decreased DNA synthesis and chemotaxis of HASMC, and that PDE3A knockdown obviated these effects, our findings are consistent with a role for a PDE5A-PDE3A-PKA axis in their regulation. Our findings provide insight into the existence of distinct "pools" of PDE5A in HASMC and support the idea that these discrete compartments regulate distinct cGMP-dependent events. As a corollary, we suggest that it may be possible to target these distinct PDE5A-regulated pools and in so-doing differentially impact selected cGMP-regulated functions in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Wilson
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine (LSW, DHM), Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (MBU, MG, DHM), Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Manhong Guo
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine (LSW, DHM), Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (MBU, MG, DHM), Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - M Bibiana Umana
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine (LSW, DHM), Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (MBU, MG, DHM), Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Donald H Maurice
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine (LSW, DHM), Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences (MBU, MG, DHM), Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Di Benedetto G, Gerbino A, Lefkimmiatis K. Shaping mitochondrial dynamics: The role of cAMP signalling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 500:65-74. [PMID: 28501614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, our idea of mitochondria evolved from "mere" energy and metabolite producers to key regulators of many cellular functions. In order to preserve and protect their functional status, these organelles engage a number of dynamic processes that allow them to decrease accumulated burden and maintain their homeostasis. Indeed, mitochondria can unite (fusion), divide (fission), position themselves strategically in the cell (motility/trafficking) and if irreversibly damaged or dysfunctional eliminated (mitophagy). These dynamic processes can be controlled both by mitochondrial and cellular signalling pathways, hence allowing mitochondria to tune their function to the cellular needs. Among the regulatory mechanisms, reversible phosphorylation downstream the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signalling cascade was shown to deeply influence mitochondrial dynamics. This review explores the emerging evidence suggesting that cAMP is a key player in the orchestration of mitochondrial fusion/fission, motility and mitophagy, extending the repertoire of this second messenger, which is now recognised as a major regulator of mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulietta Di Benedetto
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Lefkimmiatis
- Neuroscience Institute, Italian National Research Council (CNR), Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35131, Padova, Italy.
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