51
|
Alfei S, Schito GC, Schito AM. Synthetic Pathways to Non-Psychotropic Phytocannabinoids as Promising Molecules to Develop Novel Antibiotics: A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1889. [PMID: 37514074 PMCID: PMC10384972 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the rapid emergence of multi drug resistant (MDR) pathogens against which current antibiotics are no longer functioning, severe infections are becoming practically untreatable. Consequently, the discovery of new classes of effective antimicrobial agents with novel mechanism of action is becoming increasingly urgent. The bioactivity of Cannabis sativa, an herbaceous plant used for millennia for medicinal and recreational purposes, is mainly due to its content in phytocannabinoids (PCs). Among the 180 PCs detected, cannabidiol (CBD), Δ8 and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinols (Δ8-THC and Δ9-THC), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabinol (CBN) and some of their acidic precursors have demonstrated from moderate to potent antibacterial effects against Gram-positive bacteria (MICs 0.5-8 µg/mL), including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), epidemic MRSA (EMRSA), as well as fluoroquinolone and tetracycline-resistant strains. Particularly, the non-psychotropic CBG was also capable to inhibit MRSA biofilm formation, to eradicate even mature biofilms, and to rapidly eliminate MRSA persiter cells. In this scenario, CBG, as well as other minor non-psychotropic PCs, such as CBD, and CBC could represent promising compounds for developing novel antibiotics with high therapeutic potential. Anyway, further studies are necessary, needing abundant quantities of such PCs, scarcely provided naturally by Cannabis plants. Here, after an extensive overture on cannabinoids including their reported antimicrobial effects, aiming at easing the synthetic production of the necessary amounts of CBG, CBC and CBD for further studies, we have, for the first time, systematically reviewed the synthetic pathways utilized for their synthesis, reporting both reaction schemes and experimental details.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Alfei
- Department of Pharmacy (DIFAR), University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano, 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gian Carlo Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Schito
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics (DISC), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Wang X, Lin C, Jin S, Wang Y, Peng Y, Wang X. Cannabidiol alleviates neuroinflammation and attenuates neuropathic pain via targeting FKBP5. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:365-375. [PMID: 37196785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia is a heterogeneous population that mediates neuroinflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays a crucial role in developing neuropathic pain. FKBP5 facilitates the assembly of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex for the activation of NF-κB, which arises as a novel target for treating neuropathic pain. In this study, cannabidiol (CBD), a main active component of Cannabis, was identified as an antagonist of FKBP5. In vitro protein intrinsic fluorescence titration showed that CBD directly bound to FKBP5. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) indicated that CBD binding increased the FKBP5 stability, which implies that FKBP5 is the endogenous target of CBD. CBD was found to inhibit the assembly of the IKK complex and the activation of NF-κB, therefore blocking LPS-induced NF-κB downstream pro-inflammatory factors NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α. Stern-Volmer analysis and protein thermal shift assay revealed that tyrosine 113 (Y113) of FKBP5 was critical for FKBP5 interacting with CBD, which is consistent with in silico molecular docking simulation. FKBP5 Y113 mutation (Y113A) alleviated the effect of CBD inhibiting LPS-induced pro-inflammatory factors overproduction. Furthermore, systemic administration of CBD inhibited chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced microglia activation and FKBP5 overexpression in lumbar spinal cord dorsal horn. These data imply that FKBP5 is an endogenous target of CBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lequn Branch, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Sha Jin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Yinghua Peng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Eydelman I, Zehavi N, Feinshtein V, Kumar D, Ben-Shabat S, Sintov AC. Cannabidiol-Loaded Nanoparticles Based on Crosslinked Starch: Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Improved Nose-to-Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1803. [PMID: 37513990 PMCID: PMC10384644 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has previously been shown to inhibit inflammatory cytokine production in both in vitro and in vivo studies of neurodegenerative diseases. To date, the CBD treatment of these diseases by quantitative targeting directly to the brain is one of the greatest challenges. In this paper, we present a new particulate system capable of delivering CBD into the brain via the intranasal route. Intranasal administration of CBD-loaded starch nanoparticles resulted in higher levels of cannabidiol in the brain compared to an identically administered cannabidiol solution. The production and the characterization of starch-based nanoparticles was reported, as well as the evaluation of their penetration and anti-inflammatory activity in cells. Cannabidiol-loaded starch nanoparticles were prepared by crosslinking with divanillin, using the nanoprecipitation method. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity in vitro was performed using the BV2 microglia cell line. The starch nanoparticles appeared under electron microscopy in clusters sized approximately 200 nm in diameter. In cultures of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflamed BV2 cells, the cannabidiol-loaded starch nanoparticles demonstrated low toxicity while effectively reducing nitric oxide production and IL-6 levels. The anti-inflammatory effect was comparable to that of a glucocorticoid. Starch-based nanoparticle formulations combined with intranasal administration may provide a suitable platform for efficacious cannabidiol delivery and activity in the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Eydelman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Na'ama Zehavi
- Laboratory for Biopharmaceutics, E.D. Bergmann Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Valeria Feinshtein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh 123031, Haryana, India
| | - Shimon Ben-Shabat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Amnon C Sintov
- Laboratory for Biopharmaceutics, E.D. Bergmann Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva 8410501, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Ingvardsen CR, Brinch-Pedersen H. Challenges and potentials of new breeding techniques in Cannabis sativa. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1154332. [PMID: 37360738 PMCID: PMC10285108 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is an ancient crop used for fiber and seed production and not least for its content of cannabinoids used for medicine and as an intoxicant drug. Due to the psychedelic effect of one of the compounds, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), many countries had regulations or bands on Cannabis growing, also as fiber or seed crop. Recently, as many of these regulations are getting less tight, the interest for the many uses of this crop is increasing. Cannabis is dioecious and highly heterogenic, making traditional breeding costly and time consuming. Further, it might be difficult to introduce new traits without changing the cannabinoid profile. Genome editing using new breeding techniques might solve these problems. The successful use of genome editing requires sequence information on suitable target genes, a genome editing tool to be introduced into plant tissue and the ability to regenerate plants from transformed cells. This review summarizes the current status of Cannabis breeding, uncovers potentials and challenges of Cannabis in an era of new breeding techniques and finally suggests future focus areas that may help to improve our overall understanding of Cannabis and realize the potentials of the plant.
Collapse
|
55
|
Bellocchio L, Patano A, Inchingolo AD, Inchingolo F, Dipalma G, Isacco CG, de Ruvo E, Rapone B, Mancini A, Lorusso F, Scarano A, Malcangi G, Inchingolo AM. Cannabidiol for Oral Health: A New Promising Therapeutical Tool in Dentistry. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119693. [PMID: 37298644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The medical use of cannabis has a very long history. Although many substances called cannabinoids are present in cannabis, Δ9tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBN) are the three main cannabinoids that are most present and described. CBD itself is not responsible for the psychotropic effects of cannabis, since it does not produce the typical behavioral effects associated with the consumption of this drug. CBD has recently gained growing attention in modern society and seems to be increasingly explored in dentistry. Several subjective findings suggest some therapeutic effects of CBD that are strongly supported by research evidence. However, there is a plethora of data regarding CBD's mechanism of action and therapeutic potential, which are in many cases contradictory. We will first provide an overview of the scientific evidence on the molecular mechanism of CBD's action. Furthermore, we will map the recent developments regarding the possible oral benefits of CBD. In summary, we will highlight CBD's promising biological features for its application in dentistry, despite exiting patents that suggest the current compositions for oral care as the main interest of the industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Bellocchio
- INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Endocannabinoids and Neuroadaptation, University of Bordeaux, 33063 Bordeaux, France
| | - Assunta Patano
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Ciro Gargiulo Isacco
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Elisabetta de Ruvo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Biagio Rapone
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Mancini
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Malcangi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Study "Aldo Moro", 70124 Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
56
|
Persia D, Mangiavacchi F, Marcotullio MC, Rosati O. Cannabinoids as multifaceted compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 212:113718. [PMID: 37196772 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Since ancient times, Cannabis and its preparations have found various applications such as for medical, recreational and industrial purposes. Subsequently the 1930s, legislation in many countries has restricted its use due to its psychotropic properties. More recently, the discovery of endocannabinoid system, including new receptors, ligands, and mediators, its role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human body and the possible implication in various physiological and pathophysiological processes has also been understood. Based on this evidence, researchers were able to develop new therapeutic targets for the treatment of various pathological disorders. For this purpose, Cannabis and cannabinoids were subjected for the evaluation of their pharmacological activities. The renewed interest in the medical use of cannabis for its potential therapeutic application has prompted legislators to take action to regulate the safe use of cannabis and products containing cannabinoids. However, each country has an enormous heterogeneity in the regulation of laws. Here, we are pleased to show a general and prevailing overview of the findings regarding cannabinoids and the multiple research fields such as chemistry, phytochemistry, pharmacology and analytics in which they are involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Persia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Mangiavacchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy; Current Address: Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', Via Della Lastruccia, 16 - Università Degli Studi di Firenze, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Carla Marcotullio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ornelio Rosati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Del Liceo, 1 - Università Degli Studi di Perugia, 06123, Perugia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Ferreira LF, Pathapati N, Schultz ST, Nunn MC, Pierce BL, Sanchez YR, Murrell MD, Ginsburg BC, Onaivi ES, Gould GG. Acute cannabidiol treatment enhances social interaction in adult male mice. ADVANCES IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL RESEARCH 2023; 3:11163. [PMID: 37273836 PMCID: PMC10237625 DOI: 10.3389/adar.2023.11163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating phytochemical from Cannabis sativa that is increasingly used to manage pain. The potential for CBD to ameliorate dimensional behavior symptoms occurring in multiple psychiatric disorders was suggested, including social interaction impairments. To test this hypothesis, adult male BTBRT+Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice, a model of idiopathic autism exhibiting social preference deficits and restrictive repetitive behaviors, were acutely treated with vehicle or 0.1, 1, or 10 mg/kg CBD. Social interaction preference was assessed 50 min after treatment, followed by social novelty preference at 60 min, marble burying at 75 min and social dominance at 120 min. CBD (10 mg/kg) enhanced BTBR social interaction but not social novelty preference, marble burying or dominance, with serum levels = 29 ± 11 ng/mg at 3 h post-injection. Next, acute 10 mg/kg CBD was compared to vehicle treatment in male serotonin transporter (SERT) knock-out mice, since SERT deficiency is an autism risk factor, and in their wildtype background strain controls C57BL/6J mice. CBD treatment generally enhanced social interaction preference and attenuated social novelty preference, yet neither marble burying nor dominance was affected. These findings show acute treatment with as little as 10 mg/kg purified CBD can enhance social interaction preference in male mice that are otherwise socially deficient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Livia F. Ferreira
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Nikhita Pathapati
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Stephen T. Schultz
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Mary C. Nunn
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Bethany L. Pierce
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yatzil R. Sanchez
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Meredith D. Murrell
- Biological Psychiatry Analytic Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Brett C. Ginsburg
- Biological Psychiatry Analytic Laboratory, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Emmanuel S. Onaivi
- Cannabis Research Institute, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
- Department of Biology, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States
| | - Georgianna G. Gould
- Center for Biomedical Neuroscience, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Buchtova T, Beresova L, Chroma K, Pluhacek T, Beres T, Kaczorova D, Tarkowski P, Bartek J, Mistrik M. Cannabis-derived products antagonize platinum drugs by altered cellular transport. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114801. [PMID: 37137184 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids, a class of compounds derived from Cannabis sativa L., have recently become more widely accessible for public consumption in the form of diverse cannabis products, in parallel with weakening the measures that so far restricted their availability. The US Food and Drug Administration has approved several cannabis-derived drugs for management of various diseases as well as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Besides the attenuation of adverse effects of chemotherapy, numerous reports about cannabinoid-mediated anticancer effects further motivate cancer patients to support their therapy with such products. Here we present a set of preclinical data with human cell culture models, suggesting that cannabidiol and cannabis extracts may effectively counteract the anticancer effects of the clinically widely used standard-of-care platinum-based drugs. We show that even low concentrations of cannabinoids reduced the toxicity of cisplatin, oxaliplatin, and carboplatin, an effect which was accompanied by decreased platinum adduct formation and a set of commonly used molecular markers. Mechanistically, our results excluded the possibility that the observed enhanced survival of cancer cells was mediated transcriptionally. Instead, trace metal analyses strongly indicate an inhibitory impact of cannabinoids on intracellular platinum accumulation, thereby implicating changes in cellular transport and/or retention of these drugs as the likely cause of the observed biological effects. Our study raises the possibility that the desirable effect of counteracting adverse effects of chemotherapy might, at least for some cannabinoids, reflect impaired cellular availability, and consequently attenuation of the anticancer effects of platinum drugs. DATA AVAILABILITY: All data supporting the conclusions are available in the article and supplementary files. Raw data are available upon request from the corresponding author.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Buchtova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Beresova
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chroma
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Pluhacek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tibor Beres
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Kaczorova
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Tarkowski
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Lathrop JR, Rosen SN, Heitkemper MM, Buchanan DT. Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome: The State of the Science. Gastroenterol Nurs 2023; 46:208-224. [PMID: 37074964 DOI: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a narrative review of the state of the science for both cyclic vomiting syndrome and cannabis hyperemesis syndrome along with a discussion of the relationship between these 2 conditions. The scope of this review includes the historical context of these conditions as well as the prevalence, diagnostic criteria, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies for both conditions. A synopsis of the endocannabinoid system provides a basis for the hypothesis that a lack of cannabidiol in modern high-potency Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol cannabis may be contributory to cannabis hyperemesis syndrome and possibly other cannabis use disorders. In concluding assessment, though the publications addressing both adult cyclic vomiting syndrome and cannabis hyperemesis syndrome are steadily increasing overall, the state of the science supporting the treatments, prognosis, etiology, and confounding factors (including cannabis use) is of moderate quality. Much of the literature portrays these conditions separately and as such sometimes fails to account for the confounding of adult cyclic vomiting syndrome with cannabis hyperemesis syndrome. The diagnostic and therapeutic approaches are, at present, based generally on case series publications and expert opinion, with a very limited number of randomized controlled trials and a complete absence of Level 1 evidence within the cyclic vomiting literature overall as well as for cannabis hyperemesis syndrome specifically.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James R Lathrop
- James R. Lathrop, DNP, FNP, ARNP, is a PhD student under the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
- Sheldon N. Rosen, MD, is Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Margaret M. Heitkemper, PhD, RN, FAAN, is Professor and Elizabeth Sterling Soule Endowed Chair in Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
- Diana Taibi Buchanan, PhD, RN, is Associate Professor and Mary S. Tschudin Endowed Professor of Nursing Education, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sheldon N Rosen
- James R. Lathrop, DNP, FNP, ARNP, is a PhD student under the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
- Sheldon N. Rosen, MD, is Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Margaret M. Heitkemper, PhD, RN, FAAN, is Professor and Elizabeth Sterling Soule Endowed Chair in Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
- Diana Taibi Buchanan, PhD, RN, is Associate Professor and Mary S. Tschudin Endowed Professor of Nursing Education, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Margaret M Heitkemper
- James R. Lathrop, DNP, FNP, ARNP, is a PhD student under the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
- Sheldon N. Rosen, MD, is Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Margaret M. Heitkemper, PhD, RN, FAAN, is Professor and Elizabeth Sterling Soule Endowed Chair in Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
- Diana Taibi Buchanan, PhD, RN, is Associate Professor and Mary S. Tschudin Endowed Professor of Nursing Education, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Diana Taibi Buchanan
- James R. Lathrop, DNP, FNP, ARNP, is a PhD student under the Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
- Sheldon N. Rosen, MD, is Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
- Margaret M. Heitkemper, PhD, RN, FAAN, is Professor and Elizabeth Sterling Soule Endowed Chair in Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
- Diana Taibi Buchanan, PhD, RN, is Associate Professor and Mary S. Tschudin Endowed Professor of Nursing Education, Department of Biobehavioral Nursing & Health Informatics, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Yau GTY, Tai W, Arnold JC, Chan HK, Kwok PCL. Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Brain Disorders: Therapeutic Potential and Routes of Administration. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1087-1114. [PMID: 36635488 PMCID: PMC10229467 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The use of cannabidiol (CBD) for treating brain disorders has gained increasing interest. While the mechanism of action of CBD in these conditions is still under investigation, CBD has been shown to affect numerous different drug targets in the brain that are involved in brain disorders. Here we review the preclinical and clinical evidence on the potential therapeutic use of CBD in treating various brain disorders. Moreover, we also examine various drug delivery approaches that have been applied to CBD. Due to the slow absorption and low bioavailability with the current oral CBD therapy, more efficient routes of administration to bypass hepatic metabolism, particularly pulmonary delivery, should be considered. Comparison of pharmacokinetic studies of different delivery routes highlight the advantages of intranasal and inhalation drug delivery over other routes of administration (oral, injection, sublingual, buccal, and transdermal) for treating brain disorders. These two routes of delivery, being non-invasive and able to achieve fast absorption and increase bioavailability, are attracting increasing interest for CBD applications, with more research and development expected in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Tsz Yan Yau
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Waiting Tai
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jonathon Carl Arnold
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Babayeva M, Loewy ZG. Cannabis Pharmacogenomics: A Path to Personalized Medicine. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:3479-3514. [PMID: 37185752 PMCID: PMC10137111 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis and related compounds have created significant research interest as a promising therapy in many disorders. However, the individual therapeutic effects of cannabinoids and the incidence of side effects are still difficult to determine. Pharmacogenomics may provide the answers to many questions and concerns regarding the cannabis/cannabinoid treatment and help us to understand the variability in individual responses and associated risks. Pharmacogenomics research has made meaningful progress in identifying genetic variations that play a critical role in interpatient variability in response to cannabis. This review classifies the current knowledge of pharmacogenomics associated with medical marijuana and related compounds and can assist in improving the outcomes of cannabinoid therapy and to minimize the adverse effects of cannabis use. Specific examples of pharmacogenomics informing pharmacotherapy as a path to personalized medicine are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Babayeva
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Zvi G Loewy
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Castillo-Arellano J, Canseco-Alba A, Cutler SJ, León F. The Polypharmacological Effects of Cannabidiol. Molecules 2023; 28:3271. [PMID: 37050032 PMCID: PMC10096752 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a major phytocannabinoid present in Cannabis sativa (Linneo, 1753). This naturally occurring secondary metabolite does not induce intoxication or exhibit the characteristic profile of drugs of abuse from cannabis like Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC) does. In contrast to ∆9-THC, our knowledge of the neuro-molecular mechanisms of CBD is limited, and its pharmacology, which appears to be complex, has not yet been fully elucidated. The study of the pharmacological effects of CBD has grown exponentially in recent years, making it necessary to generate frequently updated reports on this important metabolite. In this article, a rationalized integration of the mechanisms of action of CBD on molecular targets and pharmacological implications in animal models and human diseases, such as epilepsy, pain, neuropsychiatric disorders, Alzheimer's disease, and inflammatory diseases, are presented. We identify around 56 different molecular targets for CBD, including enzymes and ion channels/metabotropic receptors involved in neurologic conditions. Herein, we compiled the knowledge found in the scientific literature on the multiple mechanisms of actions of CBD. The in vitro and in vivo findings are essential for fully understanding the polypharmacological nature of this natural product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Castillo-Arellano
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ana Canseco-Alba
- Laboratory of Reticular Formation Physiology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico (INNN), Mexico City 14269, Mexico
| | - Stephen J. Cutler
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Francisco León
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Li J, Zagorski JW, Kaminski NE. Establishment of a point of departure for CBD hepatotoxicity employing human HepaRG spheroids. Toxicology 2023; 488:153469. [PMID: 36863504 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration recently approved the use of Cannabis sativa derived cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of Dravet Syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome, under the trade name, Epidiolex. In double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trials, elevated ALT levels were observed in some patients, but these findings could not be uncoupled from the confounds of potential drug-drug interactions with co-administration of valproate and clobazam. Given the uncertainty of the potential hepatatoxic effects of CBD, the objective of the present study was to determine a point of departure for CBD, using human HepaRG spheroid cultures, followed by transcriptomic benchmark dose analysis. Treatment of HepaRG spheroids with CBD for 24 and 72 h, resulted in EC50 concentrations for cytotoxicity of 86.27 µM and 58.04 µM, respectively. Subsequent transcriptomic analysis at these timepoints demonstrated little alteration of gene and pathway data sets at a CBD concentration at or below 10 µM. Although this current analysis was conducted using liver cells, interestingly the findings at 72 h post CBD treatment showed suppression of many genes more commonly associated with immune regulation. Indeed, the immune system is a well-established target for CBD based on immune function assays. Collectively, in the present studies a point of departure was derived using transcriptomic changes produced by CBD in a human cell-based model system, which has been shown to accurately translate to human hepatotoxicity modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Joseph W Zagorski
- Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States
| | - Norbert E Kaminski
- Center for Research on Ingredient Safety, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States; Institute for Integrative Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Polanska HH, Petrlakova K, Papouskova B, Hendrych M, Samadian A, Storch J, Babula P, Masarik M, Vacek J. Safety assessment and redox status in rats after chronic exposure to cannabidiol and cannabigerol. Toxicology 2023; 488:153460. [PMID: 36796712 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) are the two main non-psychotropic phytocannabinoids with high application potential in drug development. Both substances are redox-active and are intensively investigated for their cytoprotective and antioxidant action in vitro. In this study, we focused on an in vivo safety evaluation and the effect of CBD and CBG on the redox status in rats in a 90-d experiment. The substances were administered orogastrically in a dose of 0.66 mg synthetic CBD or 0.66 mg/1.33 mg CBG/kg/day. CBD produced no changes in the red or white blood count or biochemical blood parameters in comparison to the control. No deviations in the morphology or histology of the gastrointestinal tract and liver were observed. After 90 d of CBD exposure, a significant improvement in redox status was found in the blood plasma and liver. The concentration of malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins was reduced compared to the control. In contrast to CBD, total oxidative stress was significantly increased and this was accompanied by an elevated level of malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins in CBG-treated animals. Hepatotoxic (regressive changes) manifestations, disruption in white cell count, and alterations in the ALT activity, level of creatinine and ionized calcium were also found in CBG-treated animals. Based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, CBD/CBG accumulated in rat tissues (in the liver, brain, muscle, heart, kidney and skin) at a low ng level per gram. Both CBD and CBG molecular structures include a resorcinol moiety. In CBG, there is an extra dimethyloctadienyl structural pattern, which is most likely responsible for the disruption to the redox status and hepatic environment. The results are valuable to further investigation of the effects of CBD on redox status and should contribute towards opening up critical discussion on the applicability of other non-psychotropic cannabinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Holcova Polanska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Petrlakova
- Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Papouskova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Hendrych
- First Department of Pathology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Pekarska 664/53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amir Samadian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Storch
- Department of Advanced Materials and Organic Synthesis, Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojova 135, 165 02 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Babula
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masarik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vacek
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Assadpour E, Rezaei A, Das SS, Krishna Rao BV, Singh SK, Kharazmi MS, Jha NK, Jha SK, Prieto MA, Jafari SM. Cannabidiol-Loaded Nanocarriers and Their Therapeutic Applications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040487. [PMID: 37111244 PMCID: PMC10141492 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), one of the most promising constituents isolated from Cannabis sativa, exhibits diverse pharmacological actions. However, the applications of CBD are restricted mainly due to its poor oral bioavailability. Therefore, researchers are focusing on the development of novel strategies for the effective delivery of CBD with improved oral bioavailability. In this context, researchers have designed nanocarriers to overcome limitations associated with CBD. The CBD-loaded nanocarriers assist in improving the therapeutic efficacy, targetability, and controlled biodistribution of CBD with negligible toxicity for treating various disease conditions. In this review, we have summarized and discussed various molecular targets, targeting mechanisms and types of nanocarrier-based delivery systems associated with CBD for the effective management of various disease conditions. This strategic information will help researchers in the establishment of novel nanotechnology interventions for targeting CBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Assadpour
- Food Industry Research Co., Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran
- Food and Bio-Nanotech International Research Center (Fabiano), Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49138-15739, Iran
| | - Atefe Rezaei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Sabya Sachi Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
- School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, India
| | - Balaga Venkata Krishna Rao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, India
| | | | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied and Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
66
|
Zielińska A, Eder P, Karczewski J, Szalata M, Hryhorowicz S, Wielgus K, Szalata M, Dobrowolska A, Atanasov AG, Słomski R, Souto EB. Tocilizumab-coated solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with cannabidiol as a novel drug delivery strategy for treating COVID-19: A review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147991. [PMID: 37033914 PMCID: PMC10073701 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Commonly used clinical strategies against coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), including the potential role of monoclonal antibodies for site-specific targeted drug delivery, are discussed here. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) tailored with tocilizumab (TCZ) and loading cannabidiol (CBD) are proposed for the treatment of COVID-19 by oral route. TCZ, as a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody and an interleukin-6 (IL-6) receptor agonist, can attenuate cytokine storm in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. CBD (an anti-inflammatory cannabinoid and TCZ agonist) alleviates anxiety, schizophrenia, and depression. CBD, obtained from Cannabis sativa L., is known to modulate gene expression and inflammation and also shows anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. It has also been recognized to modulate angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) expression in SARS-CoV-2 target tissues. It has already been proven that immunosuppressive drugs targeting the IL-6 receptor may ameliorate lethal inflammatory responses in COVID-19 patients. TCZ, as an immunosuppressive drug, is mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, although several attempts have been made to use it in the active hyperinflammatory phase of COVID-19, with promising outcomes. TCZ is currently administered intravenously. It this review, we discuss the potential advances on the use of SLN for oral administration of TCZ-tailored CBD-loaded SLN, as an innovative platform for managing SARS-CoV-2 and related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Eder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics, and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jacek Karczewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine/Department of Gastroenterology, Human Nutrition and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marlena Szalata
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Hryhorowicz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Wielgus
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Milena Szalata
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants National Research Institute, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Dobrowolska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics, and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Atanas G. Atanasov
- Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Magdalenka, Poland
- Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ryszard Słomski
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences Poznan, Poznan, Poland
| | - Eliana B. Souto
- UCIBIO – Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Lv S, Xu X, Guo L, Xu L, Liu L, Kuang H, Xu C. Development of a gold nanoparticle-based lateral-flow strip for the detection of cannabidiol in functional beverages. Analyst 2023; 148:1703-1711. [PMID: 36916524 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00084b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the most predominant cannabinoid, may cause addiction and liver damage. In this study, we synthesized a CBD hapten containing the carboxyl group of the spacer arm by derivatizing CBD. A highly specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) was prepared with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 2.03 ng mL-1 and a limit of detection of 0.32 ng mL-1. MAb was highly specific for CBD. We developed an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) for the detection of CBD in functional beverages with a visible limit of detection of 100 ng mL-1 and a cut-off of 1000 ng mL-1. Compared with HPLC, ICA is more efficient and accurate and can be used for the rapid on-site detection of CBD in samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Lv
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Guo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liguang Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqiang Liu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection, and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Pintori N, Caria F, De Luca MA, Miliano C. THC and CBD: Villain versus Hero? Insights into Adolescent Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065251. [PMID: 36982327 PMCID: PMC10048857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis is the most used drug of abuse worldwide. It is well established that the most abundant phytocannabinoids in this plant are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). These two compounds have remarkably similar chemical structures yet vastly different effects in the brain. By binding to the same receptors, THC is psychoactive, while CBD has anxiolytic and antipsychotic properties. Lately, a variety of hemp-based products, including CBD and THC, have become widely available in the food and health industry, and medical and recreational use of cannabis has been legalized in many states/countries. As a result, people, including youths, are consuming CBD because it is considered “safe”. An extensive literature exists evaluating the harmful effects of THC in both adults and adolescents, but little is known about the long-term effects of CBD exposure, especially in adolescence. The aim of this review is to collect preclinical and clinical evidence about the effects of cannabidiol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Pintori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Luca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09042 Cagliari, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-070-6758633
| | - Cristina Miliano
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Martin F, Dubertret C, Le Strat Y, Mallet J. Le potentiel thérapeutique du cannabidiol chez les sujets présentant un trouble du spectre psychotique : une revue systématique de la littérature sur les essais contrôlés randomisés. ANNALES MÉDICO-PSYCHOLOGIQUES, REVUE PSYCHIATRIQUE 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amp.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
70
|
Motadi LR, Jantjies ZE, Moleya B. Cannabidiol and Cannabis Sativa as a potential treatment in vitro prostate cancer cells silenced with RBBp6 and PC3 xenograft. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:4039-4047. [PMID: 36853473 PMCID: PMC10147767 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most frequently occurring carcinoma in males worldwide and one of the leading causes of death in men around the world. Recent studies estimate that over 1.4 million males are diagnosed with prostate cancer on an annual basis, with approximately 375,000 succumbing to the disease annually. With current treatments continuing to show severe side effects, there is a need for new treatments. In this study we looked at the effect of cannabis sativa extract, cannabidiol and cisplatin on prostate cancer cells, PC3. METHODS In addressing the above questions, we employed the MTT assay to measure the antiproliferative effect on PC3 cells following treatment with varying concentrations of Cannabis sativa extract, cisplatin and cannabidiol. xCELLigence was also used to confirm the IC50 activity in which cells were grown in a 16 well plate coated with gold and monitor cell attachment. Caspase 3/7 activity was also measured using 96 well-plate following treatment. Western-blot and qRT-PCR was also used to measure the gene expression of tumour suppressor genes, p53, Bax and Bcl2. Animal studies were employed to measure the growth of PC3-mouse derived cancer to evaluate the effect of compounds in vivo. RESULTS From the treatment with varying concentrations of Cannabis sativa extract, cannabidiol and cisplatin, we have observed that the three compounds induced antiproliferation of PC3 cancer cell lines through the activation of caspase 3/7 activity. We also observed induction of apoptosis in these cells following silencing of retinoblastoma binding protein 6 (RBBP6), with upregulation of p53 and bax mRNA expression, and a reduction in Bcl2 gene expression. The growth of tumours in the mouse models were reduced following treatment with cisplatin and cannabidiol. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that cannabidiol is a viable therapy to treat prostate cancer cells, in combination with silencing of RBBP6. This suggests that cannabidiol rather Cannabis sativa extract may play an important role in reducing cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesetja R Motadi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Zodwa E Jantjies
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Boitumelo Moleya
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Campus, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Jîtcă G, Ősz BE, Vari CE, Rusz CM, Tero-Vescan A, Pușcaș A. Cannabidiol: Bridge between Antioxidant Effect, Cellular Protection, and Cognitive and Physical Performance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020485. [PMID: 36830042 PMCID: PMC9952814 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature provides scientific evidence for the beneficial effects of cannabidiol (CBD), and these effects extend beyond epilepsy treatment (e.g., Lennox-Gastaut and Dravet syndromes), notably the influence on oxidative status, neurodegeneration, cellular protection, cognitive function, and physical performance. However, products containing CBD are not allowed to be marketed everywhere in the world, which may ultimately have a negative effect on health as a result of the uncontrolled CBD market. After the isolation of CBD follows the discovery of CB1 and CB2 receptors and the main enzymatic components (diacylglycerol lipase (DAG lipase), monoacyl glycerol lipase (MAGL), fatty acid amino hydrolase (FAAH)). At the same time, the antioxidant potential of CBD is due not only to the molecular structure but also to the fact that this compound increases the expression of the main endogenous antioxidant systems, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), through the nuclear complex erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2)/Keep1. Regarding the role in the control of inflammation, this function is exercised by inhibiting (nuclear factor kappa B) NF-κB, and also the genes that encode the expression of molecules with a pro-inflammatory role (cytokines and metalloproteinases). The other effects of CBD on cognitive function and physical performance should not be excluded. In conclusion, the CBD market needs to be regulated more thoroughly, given the previously listed properties, with the mention that the safety profile is a very good one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Jîtcă
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Bianca E. Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Camil E. Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Carmen-Maria Rusz
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, I.O.S.U.D, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Amelia Tero-Vescan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Amalia Pușcaș
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Kosalková K, Barreiro C, Sánchez-Orejas IC, Cueto L, García-Estrada C. Biotechnological Fungal Platforms for the Production of Biosynthetic Cannabinoids. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020234. [PMID: 36836348 PMCID: PMC9963667 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are bioactive meroterpenoids comprising prenylated polyketide molecules that can modulate a wide range of physiological processes. Cannabinoids have been shown to possess various medical/therapeutic effects, such as anti-convulsive, anti-anxiety, anti-psychotic, antinausea, and anti-microbial properties. The increasing interest in their beneficial effects and application as clinically useful drugs has promoted the development of heterologous biosynthetic platforms for the industrial production of these compounds. This approach can help circumvent the drawbacks associated with extraction from naturally occurring plants or chemical synthesis. In this review, we provide an overview of the fungal platforms developed by genetic engineering for the biosynthetic production of cannabinoids. Different yeast species, such as Komagataella phaffii (formerly P. pastoris) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been genetically modified to include the cannabinoid biosynthetic pathway and to improve metabolic fluxes in order to increase cannabinoid titers. In addition, we engineered the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum for the first time as a host microorganism for the production of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid from intermediates (cannabigerolic acid and olivetolic acid), thereby showing the potential of filamentous fungi as alternative platforms for cannabinoid biosynthesis upon optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Kosalková
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Av. Real 1, 24006 León, Spain
| | - Carlos Barreiro
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Av. Real 1, 24006 León, Spain
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Biología Molecular, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | | | - Laura Cueto
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Av. Real 1, 24006 León, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Estrada
- INBIOTEC (Instituto de Biotecnología de León), Av. Real 1, 24006 León, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-987-293-693
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Buchtova T, Lukac D, Skrott Z, Chroma K, Bartek J, Mistrik M. Drug-Drug Interactions of Cannabidiol with Standard-of-Care Chemotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032885. [PMID: 36769206 PMCID: PMC9917508 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is an easily accessible and affordable Marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) plant derivative with an extensive history of medical use spanning thousands of years. Interest in the therapeutic potential of CBD has increased in recent years, including its anti-tumour properties in various cancer models. In addition to the direct anticancer effects of CBD, preclinical research on numerous cannabinoids, including CBD, has highlighted their potential use in: (i) attenuating chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and (ii) enhancing the efficacy of some anticancer drugs. Therefore, CBD is gaining popularity as a supportive therapy during cancer treatment, often in combination with standard-of-care cancer chemotherapeutics. However, CBD is a biologically active substance that modulates various cellular targets, thereby possibly resulting in unpredictable outcomes, especially in combinations with other medications and therapeutic modalities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CBD interactions with selected anticancer chemotherapeutics, discuss the emerging mechanistic basis for the observed biological effects, and highlight both the potential benefits and risks of such combined treatments. Apart from the experimental and preclinical results, we also indicate the planned or ongoing clinical trials aiming to evaluate the impact of CBD combinations in oncology. The results of these and future trials are essential to provide better guidance for oncologists to judge the benefit-versus-risk ratio of these exciting treatment strategies. We hope that our present overview of this rapidly advancing field of biomedicine will inspire more preclinical and clinical studies to further our understanding of the underlying biology and optimize the benefits for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Buchtova
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - David Lukac
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Skrott
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chroma
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Karolinska Institute, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Mistrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, 77 147 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Chen X, Su J, Wang R, Hao R, Fu C, Chen J, Li J, Wang X. Structural Optimization of Cannabidiol as Multifunctional Cosmetic Raw Materials. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020314. [PMID: 36829873 PMCID: PMC9952480 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from the plant cannabis, can be used in the cosmetics industry for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle and whitening effects. However, CBD is purified from the hemp plant extract, its source is very limited and under strict control. So in this study, computational and experimental methods were combined to search for novel CBD substitutes with high biology potencies. The action mode between CBD and target protein cannabidiol receptor 1 was studied to find the key skeleton, which was used to virtually screen a natural products database to search for compounds with 70% similarity. The hit compounds with high docking scores were selected for the ABTS and DPPH free radical scavenging experiments for antioxidant evaluation. The effects on the expressions of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), COX-2 and iNOS in RAW264.7 cell line were detected to demonstrate their anti-inflammatory abilities. The effect of anti-wrinkle ability were evaluated by detecting the extracellular matrix, such as collagen, elastin, fibronectin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HFF-1. The effects on melanin production and tyrosinase activity in Bb16F10 were also detected. As a result, two compounds were found to be superior to cannabidiol, in terms of antioxidant, anti-wrinkle and whitening efficacy with a lower cytotoxicity.
Collapse
|
75
|
Wang Y, Yu Q, Wang X, Song J, Lambo MT, Huang J, He P, Li Y, Zhang Y. Replacing alfalfa hay with industrial hemp ethanol extraction byproduct and Chinese wildrye hay: Effects on lactation performance, plasma metabolites, and bacterial communities in Holstein cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1061219. [PMID: 36777679 PMCID: PMC9909549 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This trial was designed to investigate the effects of industrial hemp ethanol extraction byproduct (IHEEB) and Chinese wildrye hay (CWH) replacement of alfalfa hay (AH) on digestibility, and lactation performance, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial communities in Holstein dairy cows. Nine healthy multiparous Holstein cows (parity = 3) with similar body weights (584 ± 12.3 kg), days in milk (108 ± 11.4), and milk yields (30 ± 1.93 kg; all mean ± standard deviation) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 periods of 21 d. During each period, each group consumed 1 of 3 diets: (1) 0% IHEEB (0IHEEB); (2) 6.0% IHEEB and 1.7% Chinese wildrye hay (6IHEEB); (3) 10.8% IHEEB and 4.3% Chinese wildrye hay (11IHEEB). The diets in each group were isocaloric and isonitrogenous, with similar contents of concentrate and silage but different ratios of IHEEB and CWH to replace AH. The results showed that increasing the substitute did not affect the total-tract apparent nutrient digestibility. There was no difference in lactation performance of dairy cows fed the three diets, except for the cows' somatic cell count (SCC), which decreased with the increase in the amount of the substitute. Cannabidiol and tetrahydrocannabinol were not detected in milk samples of dairy cows in the different treatment groups. 6IHEEB and 11IHEEB-fed cows showed a linear decrease in total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and butyrate compared to the 0IHEEB cows. Plasma IL-1β content quadratically decreased with feeding IHEEB and CWH, and other blood parameters were unaffected. The rumen fluid's relative abundances of Bacteroidota, Fibrobacterota, and Prevotellaceae quadratically increased, while Firmicutes tended to decrease quadratically as the substitution increased. Feeding IHEEB and CWH linearly increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Lachnospiraceae, Monoglobaceae, and Butyricicoccaceae in the feces. As the substitution increased, the cost of dairy farming was reduced. In summary, substituting AH with IHEEB and CWH in diets did not affect the total-tract apparent nutrient digestibility, improved milk composition, and plasma immune indices. It changed the bacterial composition in rumen fluid and feces and improved dairy farming benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingyuan Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiamei Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Modinat Tolani Lambo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jianguo Huang
- Heilongjiang Wellhope Agri-Tech Co., Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Ping He
- Harbin Wellhope Trading Co., Ltd., Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Yang Li ✉
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China,Yonggen Zhang ✉
| |
Collapse
|
76
|
Reprogramming systemic and local immune function to empower immunotherapy against glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:435. [PMID: 36702831 PMCID: PMC9880004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited benefits of immunotherapy against glioblastoma (GBM) is closely related to the paucity of T cells in brain tumor bed. Both systemic and local immunosuppression contribute to the deficiency of tumor-infiltrating T cells. However, the current studies focus heavily on the local immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment but not on the co-existence of systemic immunosuppression. Here, we develop a nanostructure named Nano-reshaper to co-encapsulate lymphopenia alleviating agent cannabidiol and lymphocyte recruiting cytokine LIGHT. The results show that Nano-reshaper increases the number of systemic T cells and improves local T-cell recruitment condition, thus greatly increasing T-cell infiltration. When combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor, this therapeutic modality achieves 83.3% long-term survivors without recurrence in GBM models in male mice. Collectively, this work unveils that simultaneous reprogramming of systemic and local immune function is critical for T-cell based immunotherapy and provides a clinically translatable option for combating brain tumors.
Collapse
|
77
|
Luz-Veiga M, Azevedo-Silva J, Fernandes JC. Beyond Pain Relief: A Review on Cannabidiol Potential in Medical Therapies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:155. [PMID: 37259306 PMCID: PMC9958812 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) is receiving increasing attention due to its pharmacological properties. Although CBD is extracted from Cannabis sativa, it lacks the psychoactive effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and has become an attractive compound for pharmacological uses due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic potential. The molecular mechanisms involved in CBD's biological effects are not limited to its interaction with classical cannabinoid receptors, exerting anti-inflammatory or pain-relief effects. Several pieces of evidence demonstrate that CBD interacts with other receptors and cellular signaling cascades, which further support CBD's therapeutic potential beyond pain management. In this review, we take a closer look at the molecular mechanisms of CBD and its potential therapeutic application in the context of cancer, neurodegeneration, and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Luz-Veiga
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Azevedo-Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - João C. Fernandes
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
- Amyris Bio Products Portugal, Unipessoal Lda, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Mahou Y, Chda A, Es-Safi NE, Tesse A, Fettoukh N, El Bouri A, Stambouli H, El Abida K, Bencheikh R. Vasorelaxant Effect of Moroccan Cannabis sativa Threshing Residues on Rat Mesenteric Arterial Bed is Endothelium and Muscarinic Receptors Dependent. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:1265103. [PMID: 37123084 PMCID: PMC10139821 DOI: 10.1155/2023/1265103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Ethanolic fraction of Moroccan Cannabis sativa threshing residues (EFCS) was evaluated for its vasorelaxant activity. The current work aims to identify the active metabolites in the ethanolic fraction of the EFCS and illustrate their mechanism of action. Methods Free radical scavenging capacity of EFCS was assessed using DPPH method. The EFCS vasodilation activities in phenylephrine-precontracted isolated rat mesenteric arterial beds were investigated in presence of L-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), indomethacin (cyclooxygenase inhibitor), potassium channel blockers (namely tetraetylamonium, barium chloride, and glibenclamide), and atropine. Nitric oxide vascular release was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) using a spin trap in rat aortic rings. Results EFCS induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation on mesenteric vascular bed. Incubation of the preparations with L-NAME, ODQ (a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), or potassium channel blockers reduced the fall of perfusion pressure caused by EFCS. Endothelial denudation or atropine abolished the EFCS's vasorelaxant effect, suggesting involvement of muscarinic receptors and endothelium-relaxing factors. The extract induced nitric oxide release in aortic rings in a similar manner as acetylcholine suggesting an effect of EFCS on the muscarinic receptor and the conductance arteries. Chemical investigation of EFCS identified potential active components namely apigenin and derivatives of luteolin skeleton and also additional components such as neophytadiene, squalene, and β-sitosterol. In conclusion, the vasorelaxant effect of EFCS on rat mesenteric arterial bed, which is dependent of muscarinic receptor activation, nitric oxide, and EDHF, can account for potential therapeutic use against high blood pressure related cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nour Eddine Es-Safi
- Mohammed V University in Rabat, LPCMIO, Materials Science Center (MSC), ENS, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Angela Tesse
- Nantes Université, INSERM, CNRS, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes 44007, France
| | - Nezha Fettoukh
- Institut de Criminalistique de La Gendarmerie Royale, BP 6597 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, CP 10000, Morocco
| | - Aziz El Bouri
- Institut de Criminalistique de La Gendarmerie Royale, BP 6597 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, CP 10000, Morocco
| | - Hamid Stambouli
- Institut de Criminalistique de La Gendarmerie Royale, BP 6597 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, CP 10000, Morocco
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Storozhuk MV. Cannabidiol: potential in treatment of neurological diseases, flax as a possible natural source of cannabidiol. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1131653. [PMID: 37138768 PMCID: PMC10150377 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1131653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
|
80
|
Milligan CJ, Anderson LL, McGregor IS, Arnold JC, Petrou S. Beyond CBD: Inhibitory effects of lesser studied phytocannabinoids on human voltage-gated sodium channels. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1081186. [PMID: 36891145 PMCID: PMC9986306 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1081186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis contains cannabidiol (CBD), the main non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, but also many other phytocannabinoids that have therapeutic potential in the treatment of epilepsy. Indeed, the phytocannabinoids cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA) and cannabichromene (CBC) have recently been shown to have anti-convulsant effects in a mouse model of Dravet syndrome (DS), an intractable form of epilepsy. Recent studies demonstrate that CBD inhibits voltage-gated sodium channel function, however, whether these other anti-convulsant phytocannabinoids affect these classic epilepsy drug-targets is unknown. Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels play a pivotal role in initiation and propagation of the neuronal action potential and NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.6 and NaV1.7 are associated with the intractable epilepsies and pain conditions. Methods: In this study, using automated-planar patch-clamp technology, we assessed the profile of the phytocannabinoids CBGA, CBDVA, cannabigerol (CBG), CBCA and CBC against these human voltage-gated sodium channels subtypes expressed in mammalian cells and compared the effects to CBD. Results: CBD and CBGA inhibited peak current amplitude in the low micromolar range in a concentration-dependent manner, while CBG, CBCA and CBC revealed only modest inhibition for this subset of sodium channels. CBDVA inhibited NaV1.6 peak currents in the low micromolar range in a concentration-dependent fashion, while only exhibiting modest inhibitory effects on NaV1.1, NaV1.2, and NaV1.7 channels. CBD and CBGA non-selectively inhibited all channel subtypes examined, whereas CBDVA was selective for NaV1.6. In addition, to better understand the mechanism of this inhibition, we examined the biophysical properties of these channels in the presence of each cannabinoid. CBD reduced NaV1.1 and NaV1.7 channel availability by modulating the voltage-dependence of steady-state fast inactivation (SSFI, V0.5 inact), and for NaV1.7 channel conductance was reduced. CBGA also reduced NaV1.1 and NaV1.7 channel availability by shifting the voltage-dependence of activation (V0.5 act) to a more depolarized potential, and for NaV1.7 SSFI was shifted to a more hyperpolarized potential. CBDVA reduced channel availability by modifying conductance, SSFI and recovery from SSFI for all four channels, except for NaV1.2, where V0.5 inact was unaffected. Discussion: Collectively, these data advance our understanding of the molecular actions of lesser studied phytocannabinoids on voltage-gated sodium channel proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Milligan
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lyndsey L Anderson
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iain S McGregor
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathon C Arnold
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Yang Q, Liu T, Zheng H, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Jia H, Fu S, Zhang X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Chen X, Shan W. A nanoformulation for immunosuppression reversal and broad-spectrum self-amplifying antitumor ferroptosis-immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2023; 292:121936. [PMID: 36502663 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of immunotherapy combined with other therapeutic modalities in the management of cancer has been extensively studied. However, no effective strategy to improve the antitumor effects of immunotherapy at the tumor site has been developed. In this study, we describe a nanoformulation (CP) that integrates ferroptosis-inducing cannabinoid nanoparticles with immunostimulatory Poly(I:C) to enhance antitumor immune responses by activating ferroptosis-immunotherapy pathways. The results indicated that CP nanoformulation effectively induced ferroptosis, cellular immunogenic death, and anti-tumor immune responses which initiate T cell responses leading to the inhibition of established tumors. In addition, CP nanoformulations reversed the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment and promoted tumor ferroptosis. These results indicated that the self-amplifying nanoformulation may be an effective strategy for broad-spectrum cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qunfang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Haiping Zheng
- School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, PR China
| | - Zechen Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Honglin Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Army Special Medical Center, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Shixiang Fu
- Teaching and Research Office of Field Internal Medicine, Department of Battlefield First Aid and Medicine, The NCO School of Army Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050085, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Haigang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Shan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Trendovska Serafimovska G. Basic Recommendations for Creation of Dosage Schedule of Cannabis-based Products based on Benefit / Side Effects Ratio in Supplementary Treatment of Malignant Diseases. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2022. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2022.68.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
83
|
Barak T, Sharon E, Steinberg D, Feldman M, Sionov RV, Shalish M. Anti-Bacterial Effect of Cannabidiol against the Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans Bacterium: An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415878. [PMID: 36555519 PMCID: PMC9782013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is caused by biofilm-forming acidogenic bacteria, especially Streptococcus mutans, and is still one of the most prevalent human bacterial diseases. The potential use of cannabidiol (CBD) in anti-bacterial therapies has recently emerged. Here we have studied the anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activity of CBD against S. mutans. We measured minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC). The bacterial growth and changes in pH values were measured in a kinetic study. The biofilm biomass was assessed by Crystal Violet staining and 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) metabolic assay. Spinning Disk Confocal Microscopy (SDCM) was used to assess biofilm structure, bacterial viability and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production. CBD inhibited S. mutans planktonic growth and biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner, with similar MIC and MBIC values (5 µg/mL). CBD prevented the bacteria-mediated reduction in pH values that correlated with bacterial growth inhibition. SDCM showed a decrease of 50-fold in live bacteria and EPS production. CBD significantly reduced the viability of preformed biofilms at 7.5 µg/mL with an 80 ± 3.1% reduction of metabolic activity. At concentrations above 20 µg/mL, there was almost no bacterial recovery in the CBD-treated preformed biofilms even 48 h after drug withdrawal. Notably, precoating of the culture plate surfaces with CBD prior to incubation with bacteria inhibited biofilm development. Additionally, CBD was found to induce membrane hyperpolarization in S. mutans. Thus, CBD affects multiple processes in S. mutans including its cariogenic properties. In conclusion, we show that CBD has a strong inhibitory effect against cariogenic bacteria, suggesting that it is a potential drug adjuvant for reducing oral pathogenic bacterial load as well as protecting against dental caries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Barak
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Department of Orthodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Eden Sharon
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Mark Feldman
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
- Correspondence:
| | - Miriam Shalish
- Department of Orthodontics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Cannabidiol in urine is not a proof of CBD consumption—lesson learned from urine sample analysis in routine caseworks. Forensic Toxicol 2022:10.1007/s11419-022-00652-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11419-022-00652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
85
|
Li H, Zhao Q, Chang S, Wang L, Zhao B. Phytochemical analysis and bioactivity of different ethanolic extracts from cannabidiol full-spectrum oil. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
86
|
Afshar S, Khalili S, Amin G, Abbasinazari M. A Phase I Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study on Efficacy and Safety Profile of a Sublingually Administered Cannabidiol /Delta 9-tetrahydrocannabidiol (10: 1) Regimen in Diabetes Type 2 Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2022; 21:e132647. [PMID: 36945340 PMCID: PMC10024807 DOI: 10.5812/ijpr-132647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the safety profile and efficacy of a cannabis-based sublingual spray, CBDEX10® (containing 100 µg cannabidiol and 10 µg Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol per puff; CBD/Δ9-THC 10:1), in improving lipid profile and glycemic state of the diabetic patients. Fifty diabetic patients were randomly allocated to the treatment (n = 25; receiving two puffs of CBDEX10® twice daily) or the control groups (n = 25; receiving two puffs of placebo). The primary endpoint of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the CBDEX10® adjunctive therapy in improving the lipid profile and glycemic state of diabetic patients; the secondary endpoint was to assess the safety profile and tolerability of the spray. A statistically significant decline in total cholesterol [estimated treatment difference (ETD) = -19.73 mg/dL; P < 0.05], triglyceride (ETD = -27.84 mg/dL; P < 0.01), LDL-C (ETD = -5.37 mg/dL; P < 0.01), FBS (ETD = -12 mg/dL; P < 0.01), Hb A1C (ETD = -0.21 mg/dL; P < 0.01) and insulin secretion (ETD = -5.21 mIU/L; P < 0.01) was observable in the patients treated with CBDEX10® at the end of the 8-week treatment period. Regarding safety, the mentioned adjunctive regimen was well, and there were no serious or severe adverse effects. Overall, CBDEX1® sublingual spray could be a new therapeutic agent for lipid and glycemic control in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shima Afshar
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Khalili
- Department of Endocrione, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Amin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbasinazari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Ghasemi-Gojani E, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O. Cannabinoids and terpenes for diabetes mellitus and its complications: from mechanisms to new therapies. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:828-849. [PMID: 36280497 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and its complications is markedly increasing worldwide, leading to a worldwide epidemic across all age groups, from children to older adults. Diabetes is associated with premature aging. In recent years, it has been found that peripheral overactivation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), and in particular cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) signaling, plays a crucial role in the progression of insulin resistance, diabetes (especially type 2), and its aging-related comorbidities such as atherosclerosis, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Therefore, it is suggested that peripheral blockade of CB1R may ameliorate diabetes and diabetes-related comorbidities. The use of synthetic CB1R antagonists such as rimonabant has been prohibited because of their psychiatric side effects. In contrast, phytocannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), produced by cannabis, exhibit antagonistic activity on CB1R signaling and do not show any adverse side effects such as psychoactive effects, depression, or anxiety, thereby serving as potential candidates for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. In addition to these phytocannabinoids, cannabis also produces a substantial number of other phytocannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids with therapeutic potential against insulin resistance, diabetes, and its complications. In this review, the pathogenesis of diabetes, its complications, and the potential to use cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids for its treatment are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada.
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K3M4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Kim JH, Lee CH, Baek MC. Dissecting exosome inhibitors: therapeutic insights into small-molecule chemicals against cancer. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:1833-1843. [PMID: 36446847 PMCID: PMC9707221 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of cancer biology has revealed unique methods of communication between cells through extracellular vesicles called exosomes. Exosomes are released from a broad spectrum of cell types and serve as functional mediators under physiological or pathological conditions. Hence, blocking the release of exosome bio carriers may prove useful for slowing the progression of certain types of cancers. Therefore, efforts are being made to develop exosome inhibitors to be used both as research tools and as therapies in clinical trials. Thus, studies on exosomes may lead to a breakthrough in cancer research, for which new clinical targets for different types of cancers are urgently needed. In this review, we briefly outline exosome inhibitors and discuss their modes of action and potential for use as therapeutic tools for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Kim
- grid.412072.20000 0004 0621 4958Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, 42472 South Korea
| | - Chan-Hyeong Lee
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 South Korea
| | - Moon-Chang Baek
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Molecular Medicine, CMRI, Exosome Convergence Research Center (ECRC), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Aziz AI, Nguyen LC, Oumeslakht L, Bensussan A, Ben Mkaddem S. Cannabinoids as Immune System Modulators: Cannabidiol Potential Therapeutic Approaches and Limitations. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 8:254-269. [PMID: 36413346 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabidiol (CBD) is the second most abundant Phytocannabinoid in Cannabis extracts. CBD has a binding affinity for several cannabinoid and cannabinoid-associated receptors. Epidiolex (oral CBD solution) has been lately licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of pediatric epileptic seizures. Methods: In this review, we discussed the most promising applications of CBD for chronic inflammatory conditions, namely CBD's anti-inflammatory effects during inflammatory bowel disease, coronavirus disease (antiviral effect), brain pathologies (neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties), as well as CBD immunomodulatory and antitumoral activities in the tumor microenvironment. Special focus was shed on the main therapeutic mechanisms of action of CBD, particularly in the control of the immune system and the endocannabinoid system. Results: Findings suggest that CBD is a potent immunomodulatory drug as it has manifested immunosuppressive properties in the context of sterile inflammation (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurodegenerative diseases), and immunoprotective effects during viral infections (e.g. COVID-19) Similarly, CBD has exhibited a selective response toward cancer types by engaging different targets and signaling pathways. These results are in favor of the primary function of the endocannabinoid system which is homeostatic maintenance. Conclusion: The presented evidence suggests that the endocannabinoid system is a prominent target for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid diseases, viral infections, neurological and psychological pathologies, and cancer. Moreover, the antitumoral activities of CBD have been suggested to be potentially used in combination with chemo- or immunotherapy during cancer. However, clinical results are still lacking, which raises a challenge to apply translational cannabis research to the human immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdel-ilah Aziz
- Institute of Biological and Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Long Chi Nguyen
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Loubna Oumeslakht
- Institute of Biological and Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Armand Bensussan
- Institute of Biological and Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
- Onco-Dermatology and Therapies, INSERM UMRS976, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
| | - Sanae Ben Mkaddem
- Institute of Biological and Medical Sciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in Neurodegenerative Proteinopathies: New Insights and Therapeutic Potential. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123000. [PMID: 36551756 PMCID: PMC9775106 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Some of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, are proteinopathies characterized by the accumulation of specific protein aggregates in the brain. Such misfolded protein aggregates can trigger modulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems and subsequently lead to chronic neuroinflammation that drives the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Since there is still no effective disease-modifying treatment, new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative proteinopathies have been sought. The endocannabinoid system, and in particular the cannabinoid CB2 receptors, have been extensively studied, due to their important role in neuroinflammation, especially in microglial cells. Several studies have shown promising effects of CB2 receptor activation on reducing protein aggregation-based pathology as well as on attenuating inflammation and several dementia-related symptoms. In this review, we discuss the available data on the role of CB2 receptors in neuroinflammation and the potential benefits and limitations of specific agonists of these receptors in the therapy of neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
Collapse
|
91
|
Kajero JA, Seedat S, Ohaeri JU, Akindele A, Aina O. The effects of cannabidiol on behavioural and oxidative stress parameters induced by prolonged haloperidol administration. Acta Neuropsychiatr 2022:1-11. [PMID: 36328984 DOI: 10.1017/neu.2022.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the influence of oral cannabidiol (CBD) on vacuous chewing movements (VCM) and oxidative stress parameters induced by short- and long-term administration of haloperidol in a rat model of tardive dyskinesia (TD). METHODS Haloperidol was administered either sub-chronically via the intraperitoneal (IP) route or chronically via the intramuscular (IM) route to six experimental groups only or in combination with CBD. VCM and oxidative stress parameters were assessed at different time points after the last dose of medication. RESULTS Oral CBD (5 mg/kg) attenuated the VCM produced by sub-chronic administration of haloperidol (5 mg/kg) but had minimal effects on the VCM produced by chronic administration of haloperidol (50 mg/kg). In both sub-chronic and chronic haloperidol groups, there were significant changes in brain antioxidant parameters compared with CBD only and the control groups. The sub-chronic haloperidol-only group had lower glutathione activity compared with sub-chronic haloperidol before CBD and the control groups; also, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities were increased in the sub-chronic (IP) haloperidol only group compared with the CBD only and control groups. Nitric oxide activity was increased in sub-chronic haloperidol-only group compared to the other groups; however, the chronic haloperidol group had increased malondialdehyde activity compared to the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that CBD ameliorated VCM in the sub-chronic haloperidol group before CBD, but marginally in the chronic haloperidol group before CBD. There was increased antioxidant activity in the sub-chronic group compared to the chronic group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaiyeola Abiola Kajero
- Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jude U Ohaeri
- Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Enugu Campus, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Abidemi Akindele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwagbemiga Aina
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
92
|
Huber S, Losso K, Bonn GK, Rainer M. Rapid quantification of cannabidiol from oils by direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:3875-3880. [PMID: 36156611 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01229d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This work is the first to describe the use of Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) for the rapid quantification of cannabidiol (CBD) in CBD oils. For this study, self-prepared samples spiked with CBD in hemp seed oil as well as commercial CBD oils from the Austrian market with different CBD contents were analyzed. CBD concentrations were between 5 and 30% (m/m) for the spiked samples as well as between 5 and 15% (m/m) for the real samples. The performance of quantification by means of DART-MS was assessed against a validated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The correlation of the quantification results of both methods was high with a correlation factor greater than 0.98 and a maximum bias of 9.8%. Furthermore, the relative standard deviation values of the DART-MS measurments were below the tolerable limit of 12%. These results demonstrate that quantification of CBD by DART-MS is reliable and hence suitable as a rapid and cost-effective alternative method for quality control of CBD content in CBD oils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Huber
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Klemens Losso
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Günther K Bonn
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- ADSI - Austrian Drug Screening Institute, Innrain 66a, A-6020 Insbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Rainer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Radiochemistry, Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Matheson J, Bourgault Z, Le Foll B. Sex Differences in the Neuropsychiatric Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol: A Scoping Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101462. [PMID: 36291671 PMCID: PMC9599539 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid compound with diverse molecular targets and potential therapeutic effects, including effects relevant to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. In this scoping review, we sought to determine the extent to which sex and gender have been considered as potential moderators of the neuropsychiatric effects and pharmacokinetics of CBD. In this case, 300 articles were screened, retrieved from searches in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, PsycInfo and CINAHL, though only 12 met our eligibility criteria: eight studies in preclinical models and four studies in humans. Among the preclinical studies, three suggested that sex may influence long-term effects of gestational or adolescent exposure to CBD; two found no impact of sex on CBD modulation of addiction-relevant effects of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC); two found antidepressant-like effects of CBD in males only; and one found greater plasma and liver CBD concentrations in females compared to males. Among the human studies, two found no sex difference in CBD pharmacokinetics in patient samples, one found greater plasma CBD concentrations in healthy females compared to males, and one found no evidence of sex differences in the effects of CBD on responses to trauma recall in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). No studies were identified that considered the role of gender in CBD treatment effects. We discuss potential implications and current limitations of the existing literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Matheson
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Zoe Bourgault
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Acute Care Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON L9M 1G3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Chen M, Lu YL, Chen XF, Wang Z, Ma L. Association of cannabis use disorder with cardiovascular diseases: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:966707. [PMID: 36277767 PMCID: PMC9582269 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.966707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of cannabis has increased globally due to more regions decriminalizing marijuana use for therapeutic and recreational aims. Several observational studies have revealed that cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular pathologies and diseases. Nevertheless, the causal associations between cannabis use and cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. Hence, we performed single-variable and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the association between cannabis use disorder and various cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods Summary statistics were collected from the largest-to-date genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cannabis use disorder. The 12 SNPs for cannabis use disorder were used as instrumental variables in this study. MR estimates were pooled using a random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method. Simple median and weighted median methods were conducted as sensitivity analyses. Results The genetic liability to cannabis use disorder was associated with an augmented risk of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke. Except for stroke, the results were inconsistent in the sensitivity analyses. The overall patterns for the associations of cannabis use disorder with atrial fibrillation, heart failure, pulmonary embolism and stroke remained in multivariable MR analyses adjusting for potential mediators, including smoking, alcohol, body mass index, blood lipid, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and depression. However, the association with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and deep venous thrombosis did not persist in multivariable MR analyses. Mediation analysis demonstrated that smoking, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein, hypertension, and depression have more significant mediation effects, which suggests that these factors partly mediate the link from cannabis use disorder to coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and deep venous thrombosis. Conclusion The genetic liability to cannabis use disorder was associated with a higher risk of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and stroke. The evidence for the association between cannabis use disorder, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and deep venous thrombosis was weak. Hence, future use of cannabis for therapeutic and recreational aims should consider its potential impact on cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun-long Lu
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-fan Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Wang,
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China,Liang Ma,
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Uchida N, Shimoda K, Hamada H. Dispersion of Cannabidiol Into Small-Sized Nanoparticles Using Technol PG. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221130864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) has been used for the treatment of neuronal disease. Herein CBD was mixed with sodium cholate and Technol PG, a commercially available mixture of anionic phospholipids, which allowed for effective dispersion of the CBD in water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Uchida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kei Shimoda
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroki Hamada
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Kita-ku, Okayama, Japan
- Mysterbio, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
De Vita MJ, Maisto SA, Gilmour CE, McGuire L, Tarvin E, Moskal D. The effects of cannabidiol and analgesic expectancies on experimental pain reactivity in healthy adults: A balanced placebo design trial. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:536-546. [PMID: 34251840 PMCID: PMC8531169 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite its frequent use for pain relief, no experimental pain research has tested the analgesic effects of cannabidiol (CBD) in humans. The goal of this study was to experimentally test the effects of CBD and expectancies for receiving CBD on human pain reactivity. Using a crossover, 2 × 2 factorial balanced placebo design, drug administration (given inactive substance or given active CBD) and verbal instruction sets (told inactive substance or told active CBD) were experimentally manipulated. Fifteen healthy adults each completed four separate experimental sessions. Participants were randomly assigned to different counterbalanced manipulation conditions at each session: control (told inactive-given inactive); expectancy (told active CBD-given inactive); drug (told inactive-given active CBD); and expectancy + drug (told active CBD-given active CBD). Primary outcomes were pain threshold, tolerance, intensity, unpleasantness, conditioned pain modulation (CPM), and offset analgesia (OA). There was a significant main effect of instructions on OA, such that the OA response was significantly larger when participants were told that they received CBD, regardless of drug content. Pain unpleasantness was significantly reduced in the drug, expectancy, and expectancy + drug conditions, relative to the control condition. The drug and expectancy conditions separately improved CPM, whereas the expectancy + drug and control conditions produced the lowest CPM change scores. We did not detect significant effects for pain threshold, tolerance, or intensity. Our results indicated that separate pain outcomes can be differentially affected by CBD and/or expectancies for receiving CBD. Future investigations of the psychological and pharmacological mechanisms underlying CBD analgesia are warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J. De Vita
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University
- Department of Behavioral Health, Brooke Army Medical Center
| | | | - Christina E. Gilmour
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Kudrich C, Hurd YL, Salsitz E, Wang AL. Adjunctive Management of Opioid Withdrawal with the Nonopioid Medication Cannabidiol. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2022; 7:569-581. [PMID: 34678050 PMCID: PMC9587789 DOI: 10.1089/can.2021.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major public health crisis worldwide. Patients with OUD inevitably experience withdrawal symptoms when they attempt to taper down on their current opioid use, abstain completely from opioids, or attempt to transition to certain medications for opioid use disorder. Acute opioid withdrawal can be debilitating and include a range of symptoms such as anxiety, pain, insomnia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Whereas acute opioid withdrawal only lasts for 1-2 weeks, protracted withdrawal symptoms can persist for months after the cessation of opioids. Insufficient management of opioid withdrawal often leads to devastating results including treatment failure, relapse, and overdose. Thus, there is a critical need for cost-effective, nonopioid medications, with minimal side effects to help in the medical management of opioid withdrawal syndrome. We discuss the potential consideration of cannabidiol (CBD), a nonintoxicating component of the cannabis plant, as an adjunctive treatment in managing the opioid withdrawal syndrome. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was performed using keywords related to CBD and opioid withdrawal syndrome in PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 144 abstracts were identified, and 41 articles were selected where CBD had been evaluated in clinical studies relevant to opioid withdrawal. Results: CBD has been reported to have several therapeutic properties including anxiolytic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, anti-emetic, analgesic, as well as reduction of cue-induced craving for opioids, all of which are highly relevant to opioid withdrawal syndrome. In addition, CBD has been shown in several clinical trials to be a well-tolerated with no significant adverse effects, even when co-administered with a potent opioid agonist. Conclusions: Growing evidence suggests that CBD could potentially be added to the standard opioid detoxification regimen to mitigate acute or protracted opioid withdrawal-related symptoms. However, most existing findings are either based on preclinical studies and/or small clinical trials. Well-designed, prospective, randomized-controlled studies evaluating the effect of CBD on managing opioid withdrawal symptoms are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kudrich
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yasmin L. Hurd
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Edwin Salsitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Mount Sinai Beth Israel Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - An-Li Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Addiction Institute of Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW There have been many debates, discussions, and published writings about the therapeutic value of cannabis plant and the hundreds of cannabinoids it contains. Many states and countries have attempted, are attempting, or have already passed bills to allow legal use of cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol (CBD), as medicines to treat a wide range of clinical conditions without having been approved by a regulatory body. Therefore, by using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we have reviewed published papers during the past 30 years on cannabinoids as medicines and comment on whether there is sufficient clinical evidence from well-designed clinical studies and trials to support the use of CBD or any other cannabinoids as medicines. RECENT FINDINGS Current research shows that CBD and other cannabinoids currently are not ready for formal indications as medicines to treat a wide range of clinical conditions as promoted except for several exceptions including limited use of CBD for treating two rare forms of epilepsy in young children and CBD in combination with THC for treating multiple-sclerosis-associated spasticity. SUMMARY Research indicates that CBD and several other cannabinoids have potential to treat multiple clinical conditions, but more preclinical, and clinical studies and clinical trials, which follow regulatory guidelines, are needed to formally recommend CBD and other cannabinoids as medicines.
Collapse
|
99
|
Khalsa JH, Bunt G, Blum K, Maggirwar SB, Galanter M, Potenza MN. Review: Cannabinoids as Medicinals. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2022; 9:630-646. [PMID: 36093358 PMCID: PMC9449267 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-022-00438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review
There have been many debates, discussions, and published writings about the therapeutic value of cannabis plant and the hundreds of cannabinoids it contains. Many states and countries have attempted, are attempting, or have already passed bills to allow legal use of cannabinoids, especially cannabidiol (CBD), as medicines to treat a wide range of clinical conditions without having been approved by a regulatory body. Therefore, by using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, we have reviewed published papers during the past 30 years on cannabinoids as medicines and comment on whether there is sufficient clinical evidence from well-designed clinical studies and trials to support the use of CBD or any other cannabinoids as medicines. Recent findings Current research shows that CBD and other cannabinoids currently are not ready for formal indications as medicines to treat a wide range of clinical conditions as promoted except for several exceptions including limited use of CBD for treating two rare forms of epilepsy in young children and CBD in combination with THC for treating multiple-sclerosis-associated spasticity. Summary Research indicates that CBD and several other cannabinoids have potential to treat multiple clinical conditions, but more preclinical, and clinical studies and clinical trials, which follow regulatory guidelines, are needed to formally recommend CBD and other cannabinoids as medicines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jag H. Khalsa
- Division of Therapeutics and Medical Consequences, Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse and Infections Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Special Volunteer, 16071 Industrial Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Ross Hall Room 502A, 2300 I Street, Washington, NWDC 20037 USA
- Drug Addiction and Co-occurring Infections, Aldie, VA 20105-5572 USA
| | - Gregory Bunt
- Samaritan Day Top Village, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Kenneth Blum
- Center for Behavioral Health & Sports, Western University Health Sciences, Pomona, CA USA
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Precision Translational Medicine, LLC, San Antonio, TX USA
- Division of Nutrigenomics, Institute of Behavior & Neurogenetics, LLC, San Antonio, TX USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Wright University Boonshoff School of Medicine, Dayton, OH USA
| | - Sanjay B. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine, Ross Hall Room 502A, 2300 I Street, Washington, NWDC 20037 USA
| | - Marc Galanter
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Room NBV20N28, New York, NY 10016 USA
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and the Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, 1 Church Street, Rm726, New Haven, CT 06510 USA
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Why Multitarget Vasodilatory (Endo)cannabinoids are Not Effective as Antihypertensive Compounds after Chronic Administration: Comparison of Their Effects on Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091119. [PMID: 36145339 PMCID: PMC9503677 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic and pulmonary hypertension are multifactorial, high-pressure diseases. The first one is a civilizational condition, and the second one is characterized by a very high mortality rate. Searching for new therapeutic strategies is still an important task. (Endo)cannabinoids, known for their strong vasodilatory properties, have been proposed as possible drugs for different types of hypertension. Unfortunately, our review, in which we summarized all publications found in the PubMed database regarding chronic administration of (endo)cannabinoids in experimental models of systemic and pulmonary hypertension, does not confirm any encouraging suggestions, being based mainly on in vitro and acute in vivo experiments. We considered vasodilator or blood pressure (BP) responses and cardioprotective, anti-oxidative, and the anti-inflammatory effects of particular compounds and their influence on the endocannabinoid system. We found that multitarget (endo)cannabinoids failed to modify higher BP in systemic hypertension since they induced responses leading to decreased and increased BP. In contrast, multitarget cannabidiol and monotarget ligands effectively treated pulmonary and systemic hypertension, respectively. To summarize, based on the available literature, only (endo)cannabinoids with a defined site of action are recommended as potential antihypertensive compounds in systemic hypertension, whereas both mono- and multitarget compounds may be effective in pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
|