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Green Synthesized ZnO Nanoparticles Mediated by Mentha Spicata Extract Induce Plant Systemic Resistance against Tobacco Mosaic Virus. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10155054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Globally, plant viral infection is one of the most difficult challenges of food security, where considerable losses in crop production occur. Nanoparticles are an effective control agent against numerous plant pathogens. However, there is limited knowledge concerning their effects against viral infection. In the present study, the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using aqueous leaf extract of Mentha spicata was achieved. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the prepared ZnO NPs. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that the resultant ZnO NPs were spherical in shape with a particle size ranged from 11 to 88 nm. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy detected different functional groups, capping and stability agents, and showed Zn-O bond within wavenumber of 487 cm−1. Under greenhouse conditions, the antiviral activity of biological synthesized ZnO NPs (100 µg/mL) against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was evaluated. The double foliar application of the prepared ZnO NPs, 24 h before and 24 h after TMV-inoculation, was the most effective treatment that showed a 90.21% reduction of viral accumulation level and disease severity. Additionally, the transcriptional levels of PAL, PR-1 (salicylic acid marker gene), CHS, and POD genes were induced and up-regulated in all ZnO NPs treated plants. Notably, the results exhibited that aqueous extract of Mentha spicata was an effective reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZnO NPs, which showed significant antiviral activity. Finally, the detected protective and curative activity of ZnO NPs against TMV can encourage us to recommend its application for plant viral disease management. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the antiviral activity of the green synthesized ZnO NPs.
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Bong SJ, Jeon J, Park YJ, Kim JK, Park SU. Identification and analysis of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and phenylpropanoid accumulation in watercress ( Nasturtium officinale R. Br.). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:260. [PMID: 32477847 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Watercress (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) is a cruciferous plant consumed by people worldwide. This vegetable contains numerous health-benefiting compounds; however, gene information and metabolomic profiling of individual parts for this plant species are scarce. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes and the content of phenylpropanoids in different parts of watercress. We identified 11 genes encoding enzymes related to the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and analyzed the expression patterns of these genes in the leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds of watercress. The result showed that most of the genes were expressed at the highest levels in the flowers. HPLC analysis performed in samples from these same parts revealed the presence of seven phenylpropanoid-derived compounds. The content of total phenylpropanoids was the highest in flowers, followed by that in the leaves, whereas the lowest level was generally detected in the stems. Rutin was the most abundant phenylpropanoid in all plant segments, while quercetin was detected only in the flowers and roots. This study provides useful information for further molecular and functional research involving N. officinale and closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ju Bong
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jin Jeon
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Yun Ji Park
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- 2Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012 Korea
| | - Sang Un Park
- 1Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
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Gutiérrez-Quequezana L, Vuorinen AL, Kallio H, Yang B. Impact of cultivar, growth temperature and developmental stage on phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid in purple and yellow potato tubers. Food Chem 2020; 326:126966. [PMID: 32416419 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid were analyzed in one yellow and four purple-flesh potato cultivars grown at 13 °C and 18 °C and harvested at different stages of tuber development, using HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-MS. The expression of genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway was studied at transcription level using qPCR. Petunidin-3-p-coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin in 'Blue Congo', 'Blaue Schweden', and 'Synkeä Sakari', whereas malvidin-3-p-coumaroylrutinoside-5-glucoside dominated in 'Blaue Veltlin'. In mature tubers, the purple cultivar 'Synkeä Sakari' showed the highest content of anthocyanins (2.4 mg/g freeze-dried sample), and 'Blaue Veltlin' had the highest content of phenolic acids (5.5 mg/g). Cultivar was the main variable affecting the biosynthesis of the studied metabolites, whereas the temperatures studied did not show different impact. The content of the main phenolic acids and anthocyanins in the potato cultivars correlated positively with the expression levels of the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Gutiérrez-Quequezana
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Anssi L Vuorinen
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Rashad Y, Aseel D, Hammad S, Elkelish A. Rhizophagus irregularis and Rhizoctonia solani Differentially Elicit Systemic Transcriptional Expression of Polyphenol Biosynthetic Pathways Genes in Sunflower. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E379. [PMID: 32121492 PMCID: PMC7175204 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are exposed to penetration by different biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi. However, plant immune responses vary, depending on the root-penetrating fungus. Using qRT-PCR, changes over time in the systemic transcriptional expression of the polyphenol biosynthesis-related genes were investigated in sunflower plants in response to colonization with Rhizophagus irregularis and/or infection with Rhizoctonia solani. The results demonstrated that both fungi systemically induced the transcriptional expression of most of the addressed genes at varying degrees. However, the inducing effect differed according to the treatment type, plant organ, targeted gene, and time stage. The inducing effect of R. irregularis was more prevalent than R. solani in the early stages. In general, the dual treatment showed a superior inducing effect over the single treatments at most of the time. The hierarchical clustering analysis showed that cinnamate-4-hydroxylase was the master expressed gene along the studied time period. The cell wall lignification was the main plant-defensive-mechanism induced. In addition, accumulations of chlorogenic acid, flavonoids, and anthocyanins were also triggered. Moreover, colonization with R. irregularis improved the plant growth and reduced the disease severity. We can conclude that the proactive, rather than curative, colonization with R. irregularis is of great importance, owing to their protective and growth-promoting roles, even if no infection occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Rashad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt; (Y.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Dalia Aseel
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt; (Y.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Saad Hammad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Egypt; (Y.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Lin W, Li Y, Lu Q, Lu H, Li J. Combined Analysis of the Metabolome and Transcriptome Identified Candidate Genes Involved in Phenolic Acid Biosynthesis in the Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041337. [PMID: 32079236 PMCID: PMC7073005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess changes of metabolite content and regulation mechanism of the phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway at different developmental stages of leaves, this study performed a combined metabolome and transcriptome analysis of Cyclocarya paliurus leaves at different developmental stages. Metabolite and transcript profiling were conducted by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometer and high-throughput RNA sequencing, respectively. Transcriptome identification showed that 58 genes were involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acid. Among them, 10 differentially expressed genes were detected between every two developmental stages. Identification and quantification of metabolites indicated that 14 metabolites were located in the phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway. Among them, eight differentially accumulated metabolites were detected between every two developmental stages. Association analysis between metabolome and transcriptome showed that six differentially expressed structural genes were significantly positively correlated with metabolite accumulation and showed similar expression trends. A total of 128 transcription factors were identified that may be involved in the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis; these include 12 MYBs and 10 basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) transcription factors. A regulatory network of the phenolic acid biosynthesis was established to visualize differentially expressed candidate genes that are involved in the accumulation of metabolites with significant differences. The results of this study contribute to the further understanding of phenolic acid biosynthesis during the development of leaves of C. paliurus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Lin
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.L.); (H.L.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Yueling Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qiuwei Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
| | - Hongfei Lu
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; (W.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Junmin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China; (Y.L.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence:
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An JP, Zhang XW, Bi SQ, You CX, Wang XF, Hao YJ. The ERF transcription factor MdERF38 promotes drought stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:573-589. [PMID: 31571281 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress induces anthocyanin biosynthesis in many plant species, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Ethylene response factors (ERFs) play key roles in plant growth and various stress responses, including affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here, we characterized an ERF protein, MdERF38, which is involved in drought stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Biochemical and molecular analyses showed that MdERF38 interacted with MdMYB1, a positive modulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, and facilitated the binding of MdMYB1 to its target genes. Therefore, MdERF38 promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in response to drought stress. Furthermore, we found that MdBT2, a negative modulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis, decreased MdERF38-promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis by accelerating the degradation of the MdERF38 protein. In summary, our data provide a mechanism for drought stress-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis that involves dynamic modulation of MdERF38 at both transcriptional and post-translational levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping An
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Si-Qi Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
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Genome-wide analysis and expression profiles of the StR2R3-MYB transcription factor superfamily in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:817-832. [PMID: 31962068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MYB transcription factors comprise one of the largest families in plant kingdom, which play a variety of functions in plant developmental processes and defence responses, the R2R3-MYB members are the predominant form found in higher plants. In the present study, a total of 111 StR2R3-MYB transcription factors were identified and further phylogenetically classified into 31 subfamilies, as supported by highly conserved gene structures and motifs. Collinearity analysis showed that the segmental duplication events played a crucial role in the expansion of StR2R3-MYB gene family. Synteny analysis indicated that 37 and 13 StR2R3-MYB genes were orthologous to Arabidopsis and wheat (Triticum aestivum), respectively, and these gene pairs have evolved under strong purifying selection. RNA-seq data from different tissues and abiotic stresses revealed tissue-preferential and abiotic stress-responsive StR2R3-MYB genes. We further analyzed StR2R3-MYB genes might be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis and drought stress by using RNA-seq data of pigmented tetraploid potato cultivars and drought-sensitive and -tolerant tetraploid potato cultivars under drought stress, respectively. Moreover, EAR motifs were found in 21 StR2R3-MYB proteins and 446 pairs of proteins were predicted to interact with 21 EAR motif-containing StR2R3-MYB proteins by constructing the interaction network with medium confidence (0.4). Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of the 21 EAR motif-containing StR2R3-MYB proteins was performed to further investigate their functions. This work will facilitate future biologically functional studies of potato StR2R3-MYB transcription factors and enrich the knowledge of MYB superfamily genes in plant species.
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Chen Y, Li C, Yi J, Yang Y, Lei C, Gong M. Transcriptome Response to Drought, Rehydration and Re-Dehydration in Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E159. [PMID: 31881689 PMCID: PMC6981527 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato is an important food crop and its production is susceptible to drought. Drought stress in crop growth is usually multiple- or long-term. In this study, the drought tolerant potato landrace Jancko Sisu Yari was treated with drought stress, rehydration and re-dehydration, and RNA-seq was applied to analyze the characteristics of gene regulation during these treatments. The results showed that drought-responsive genes mainly involved photosynthesis, signal transduction, lipid metabolism, sugar metabolism, wax synthesis, cell wall regulation, osmotic adjustment. Potato also can be recovered well in the re-emergence of water through gene regulation. The recovery of rehydration mainly related to patatin, lipid metabolism, sugar metabolism, flavonoids metabolism and detoxification besides the reverse expression of the most of drought-responsive genes. The previous drought stress can produce a positive responsive ability to the subsequent drought by drought hardening. Drought hardening was not only reflected in the drought-responsive genes related to the modified structure and cell components, but also in the hardening of gene expression or the "memory" of drought-responsive genes. Abundant genes involved photosynthesis, signal transduction, sugar metabolism, protease and protease inhibitors, flavonoids metabolism, transporters and transcription factors were subject to drought hardening or memorized drought in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkun Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China
| | - Canhui Li
- Joint Academy of Potato Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China
| | - Jing Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China
| | - Yu Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China
| | - Chunxia Lei
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China
| | - Ming Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650550, China
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Gao J, Shen L, Yuan J, Zheng H, Su Q, Yang W, Zhang L, Nnaemeka VE, Sun J, Ke L, Sun Y. Functional analysis of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR in colored fiber formation of Gossypium hirsutum L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:455. [PMID: 31664897 PMCID: PMC6819470 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of natural colored fibers mainly results from the accumulation of different anthocyanidins and their derivatives in the fibers of Gossypium hirsutum L. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the first committed enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanidins are transported into fiber cells after biosynthesis mainly by Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) to present diverse colors with distinct stability. The biochemical and molecular mechanism of pigment formation in natural colored cotton fiber is not clear. RESULTS The three key genes of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed in the developing fibers of colored cotton. In the GhCHSi, GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic cottons, the expression levels of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR significantly decreased in the developing cotton fiber, negatively correlated with the content of anthocyanidins and the color depth of cotton fiber. In colored cotton Zongxu1 (ZX1) and the GhCHSi, GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic lines of ZX1, HZ and ZH, the anthocyanidin contents of the leaves, cotton kernels, the mixture of fiber and seedcoat were all changed and positively correlated with the fiber color. CONCLUSION The three genes of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed early in developing colored cotton fibers and identified to be a key genes of cotton fiber color formation. The expression levels of the three genes affected the anthocyanidin contents and fiber color depth. So the three genes played a crucial part in cotton fiber color formation and has important significant to improve natural colored cotton quality and create new colored cotton germplasm resources by genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Gao
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Li Shen
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Hongli Zheng
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Quansheng Su
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Weiguang Yang
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Vitalis Ekene Nnaemeka
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Jie Sun
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liping Ke
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- Plant Genomics & Molecular Improvement of Colored Fiber Lab, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310016 Zhejiang China
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Changes in enzyme activities and amino acids and their relations with phenolic compounds contents in okra treated by LED lights of different colors. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-019-02359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Jung S, Venkatesh J, Kang MY, Kwon JK, Kang BC. A non-LTR retrotransposon activates anthocyanin biosynthesis by regulating a MYB transcription factor in Capsicum annuum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110181. [PMID: 31481212 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoid compound anthocyanin is an important plant metabolite with nutritional and aesthetic value as well as anti-oxidative capacity. MYB transcription factors are key regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. In pepper (Capsicum annuum), the CaAn2 gene, encoding an R2R3 MYB transcription factor, regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, no functional study or structural analysis of functional and dysfunctional CaAn2 alleles has been performed. Here, to elucidate the function of CaAn2, we generated transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing CaAn2. All of the tissues in these plants were purple. Promoter analysis of CaAn2 in purple C. annuum 'KC00134' plants revealed the insertion of a non-long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposon designated Ca-nLTR-A. To determine the promoter activity and functional domain of Ca-nLTR-A, various constructs carrying different domains of Ca-nLTR-A fused with GUS were transformed into N. benthamiana. Promoter analysis showed that the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of the second open reading frame of Ca-nLTR-A is responsible for CaAn2 expression in 'KC00134'. Sequence analysis of Ca-nLTR-A identified transcription factor binding sites known to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis. This study indicates that insertion of a non-LTR retrotransposon in the promoter may activate expression of CaAn2 by recruiting transcription factors at the 3' UTR and thus provides the first example of exaptation of a non-LTR retrotransposon into a new promoter in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Jung
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics & Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jelli Venkatesh
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics & Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Young Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics & Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics & Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics & Breeding Institute, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Effect of salinity stress on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of wheat microgreen extract under organic cultivation conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:631-636. [PMID: 31415860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to confirm the effects of salinity stress on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of wheat microgreen extract. The microgreens were cultivated for 8 days in organic media with different concentrations of Na [0 (control), 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mM from sodium chloride] which was contained in a growth chamber with controlled temperature (20/15 °C, day/night), light (14/10 h, light/dark; intensity 150 μmol·m-2·s-1 with quantum dot light-emitting diodes), and humidity (60%). Treatment with increasing concentrations of Na resulted in an increase in the Na content of microgreens. Treatment with 12.5 mM of NaCl significantly maximized β-carotene (1.21 μg/mL), phenolic acid (41.70 μg/mL), flavonoid (165.47 μg/mL), and vitamin C (29.51 μg/mL) levels and the nitrite-scavenging activities (37.33%) in wheat microgreen extracts. In addition, the salt-stress caused due to treatment with 25 mM of NaCl resulted in the highest anthocyanin (51.43 μg/mL), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (89.31%), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (63.28%) radical-scavenging activity. Therefore, attaining adequate levels of salt-stress may be useful for the industrial manufacturing of new products from wheat microgreen extract.
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Aseel DG, Rashad YM, Hammad SM. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Trigger Transcriptional Expression of Flavonoid and Chlorogenic Acid Biosynthetic Pathways Genes in Tomato against Tomato Mosaic Virus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9692. [PMID: 31273308 PMCID: PMC6609724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tomato mosaic disease, caused by Tomato Mosaic Virus (ToMV), is one of the most destructive diseases which results in serious crop losses. Research investigations dealing with the biocontrol activity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) against this viral disease are limited. In this study, the biocontrol activity of AMF on tomato plants infected with ToMV was evaluated in the greenhouse. In addition, their impacts on the transcriptional expression levels of thirteen genes controlling the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid and chlorogenic acid biosynthetic pathways were also investigated using quantitative real-time PCR. Transcriptional expressions of the majority of the studied genes were up-regulated by mycorrhizal colonization in the presence of ToMV, particularly PAL1 and HQT, suggesting their pathogen-dependent inducing effect. Under greenhouse conditions, a significant reduction in the disease severity and incidence, as well as the viral accumulation level was observed as a response to the mycorrhizal colonization of the infected plants. Moreover, the evaluated growth parameters, photosynthetic pigments, and flavonoid content were significantly enhanced by AMF colonization. The obtained results demonstrated the protective role of AMF in triggering the plant immunity against ToMV in a pathogen-dependent manner. Beside their protective and growth-promotion activities, AMF are characterized by low-cost and environment-friendly properties which support their possible use for control of tomato mosaic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia G Aseel
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Egypt
| | - Younes M Rashad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Saad M Hammad
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, 21934, Egypt
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64
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Antonova EV, Shoeva OY, Khlestkina EK. Biochemical and genetic polymorphism of Bromopsis inermis populations under chronic radiation exposure. PLANTA 2019; 249:1977-1985. [PMID: 30900085 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03144-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the subsequent assessment of the genetic mechanisms responsible for the resistance of plants to chronic irradiation, the analysis of RAPD-cDNA with the subsequent isolation, cloning, and sequencing of expressed polymorphic sequences is a promising technique. A study was conducted on Bromopsis inermis populations that have been growing for a long time in the EURT area. Using RAPD primers, we studied the genetic spectra of plants. In analysing the UPGMA algorithm, we identified two well-distinguishable clusters with a high level of bootstrap support (> 85%): background samples hit the first, and impact samples hit the second. Our data indicate a decrease in diversity in the most polluted population, as well as the appearance of new alleles in chronically irradiated samples of the B. inermis. Smooth brome seedlings were characterised by the content of anthocyanins, comparable with other types of cereals. In the gradient of chronic irradiation, the relative content of anthocyanins was not significantly changed. For the first time, the partial nucleotide sequences of the key genes of anthocyanin biosynthesis (Chi and F3h) in the brome were determined, these sequences were found to be 191 and 356 bp in length, respectively, and were cloned and sequenced. Three copies of the Chi gene were identified in the B. inermis genome. One copy (BiChi-1) clustered with the sequences of the Aegilops tauschii gene (D genome), and the other two copies (BiChi-2 and BiChi-3) formed a separate cluster in the Pooideae subfamily adjacent to Hordeum vulgare. In the copy of BiChi-1, a complete deletion of intron 1 was detected. For the F3h gene, one copy of the B. inermis gene was obtained, which forms a separate branch in the subfamily Pooideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Antonova
- Laboratory of Population Radiobiology, Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 8 Marta str., 202, 620144, Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Olesya Yu Shoeva
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva ave. 10, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena K Khlestkina
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva ave. 10, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), B. Morskaya str., 42-44, 190000, St. Petersburg, Russia
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65
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ABBASI KS, QAYYUM A, MEHMOOD A, MAHMOOD T, KHAN SU, LIAQUAT M, SOHAIL A, AHMAD A. Analysis of selective potato varieties and their functional assessment. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.26217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Talat MAHMOOD
- Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Pakistan
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66
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Gharibi S, Sayed Tabatabaei BE, Saeidi G, Talebi M, Matkowski A. The effect of drought stress on polyphenolic compounds and expression of flavonoid biosynthesis related genes in Achillea pachycephala Rech.f. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 162:90-98. [PMID: 30875522 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of drought stress on the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds as well as H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in Achillea pachycephala. The expression patterns of the key genes and their molecular mechanisms in the phenylpropanoid pathway (PAL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, F3'5'H, FLS) were also assessed during drought stress using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The samples were harvested at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after exposure to drought stress. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed to determine the changes of phenolic and flavonoid compounds - chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, luteolin-7-O-glycoside, 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid, apigenin-7-O-glycoside, luteolin, apigenin and kaempferol - during stress conditions. Concentrations of most of the compounds increased with increasing drought stress duration. Most of the phenolic acids continued to accumulate with increasing duration of stress, while flavonoids dramatically decreased at day 28 of stress. Chlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid (4.97 mg/100 g dry weight [DW]) at the beginning of the experiment, while it decreased at day 7 and increased again at day 21. However, different trends were observed for some flavonoids, such as luteolin and apigenin. At the beginning of stress treatment, high accumulation of free radicals (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) led to elevated expression of most of the flavonoid genes. MDA increased from 22.66 to 43.28 μmol g-1 DW at day 28. CHS gene expression was elevated at day 7, while chi gene expression remained unchanged. At the end of the stress period, most of the flavonoid concentrations and expression of the relevant genes also increased. The results can facilitate selection of appropriate drought conditions to obtain the highest levels of flavonoids such as luteolin and apigenin and phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid for improved health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Gharibi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran.
| | | | - Ghodratolah Saeidi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 8415683111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Talebi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 8415683111, Iran
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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67
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Gong X, Zhao L, Song X, Lin Z, Gu B, Yan J, Zhang S, Tao S, Huang X. Genome-wide analyses and expression patterns under abiotic stress of NAC transcription factors in white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:161. [PMID: 31023218 PMCID: PMC6485137 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the genome of Chinese white pear ('Dangshansuli') has been released, little is known about the functions, evolutionary history and expression patterns of NAC families in this species to date. RESULTS In this study, we identified a total of 183 NAC transcription factors (TFs) in the pear genome, among which 146 pear NAC (PbNAC) members were mapped onto 16 chromosomes, and 37 PbNAC genes were located on scaffold contigs. No PbNAC genes were mapped to chromosome 2. Based on gene structure, protein motif analysis, and topology of the phylogenetic tree, the pear PbNAC family was classified into 33 groups. By comparing and analyzing the unique NAC subgroups in Rosaceae, we identified 19 NAC subgroups specific to pear. We also found that whole-genome duplication (WGD)/segmental duplication played critical roles in the expansion of the NAC family in pear, such as the 83 PbNAC duplicated gene pairs dated back to the two WGD events. Further, we found that purifying selection was the primary force driving the evolution of PbNAC family genes. Next, we used transcriptomic data to study responses to drought and cold stresses in pear, and we found that genes in groups C2f, C72b, and C100a were related to drought and cold stress response. CONCLUSIONS Through the phylogenetic, evolutionary, and expression analyses of the NAC gene family in Chinese white pear, we indentified 11 PbNAC TFs associated with abiotic stress in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Gong
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Liangyi Zhao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaofei Song
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Zekun Lin
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Bingjie Gu
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Jinxuan Yan
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shutian Tao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Xiaosan Huang
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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68
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González-Villagra J, Cohen JD, Reyes-Díaz MM. Abscisic acid is involved in phenolic compounds biosynthesis, mainly anthocyanins, in leaves of Aristotelia chilensis plants (Mol.) subjected to drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2019; 165:855-866. [PMID: 29923199 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates the physiological and biochemical mechanisms required to tolerate drought stress, which is considered as an important abiotic stress. It has been postulated that ABA might be involved in regulation of plant phenolic compounds biosynthesis, especially anthocyanins that accumulate in plants subjected to drought stress; however, the evidence for this postulate remains elusive. Therefore, we studied whether ABA is involved in phenolic compounds accumulation, especially anthocyanin biosynthesis, using drought stressed Aristotelia chilensis plants, an endemic berry in Chile. Our approach was to use fluridone, an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, and then subsequent ABA applications to young and fully-expanded leaves of drought stressed A. chilensis plants during 24, 48 and 72 h of the experiment. Plants were harvested and leaves were collected separately to determine the biochemical status. We observed that fluridone treatments significantly decreased ABA concentrations and total anthocyanin (TA) concentrations in stressed plants, including both young and fully-expanded leaves. TA concentrations following fluridone treatment were reduced around fivefold, reaching control plant levels. ABA application restored ABA levels as well as TA concentrations in stressed plant at 48 h of the experiment. We also observed that TA concentrations followed the same pattern as ABA concentrations in the ABA treated plants. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that AcUFGT gene expression decreased in fully-expanded leaves of stressed plants treated with fluridone, while a subsequent ABA application increased AcUFGT expression. Taken together, our results suggest that ABA is involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis under drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Villagra
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Jerry D Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Marjorie M Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
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69
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Fogelman E, Oren-Shamir M, Hirschberg J, Mandolino G, Parisi B, Ovadia R, Tanami Z, Faigenboim A, Ginzberg I. Nutritional value of potato (Solanum tuberosum) in hot climates: anthocyanins, carotenoids, and steroidal glycoalkaloids. PLANTA 2019; 249:1143-1155. [PMID: 30603793 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-018-03078-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Growth in hot climates selectively alters potato tuber secondary metabolism-such as the anthocyanins, carotenoids, and glycoalkaloids-changing its nutritive value and the composition of health-promoting components. Potato breeding for improved nutritional value focuses mainly on increasing the health-promoting carotenoids and anthocyanins, and controlling toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs). Metabolite levels are genetically determined, but developmental, tissue-specific, and environmental cues affect their final content. Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches were applied to monitor carotenoid, anthocyanin, and SGA metabolite levels and their biosynthetic genes' expression under heat stress. The studied cultivars differed in tuber flesh carotenoid concentration and peel anthocyanin concentration. Gene expression studies showed heat-induced downregulation of specific genes for SGA, anthocyanin, and carotenoid biosynthesis. KEGG database mapping of the heat transcriptome indicated reduced gene expression for specific metabolic pathways rather than a global heat response. Targeted metabolomics indicated reduced SGA concentration, but anthocyanin pigments concentration remained unchanged, probably due to their stabilization in the vacuole. Total carotenoid level did not change significantly in potato tuber flesh, but their composition did. Results suggest that growth in hot climates selectively alters tuber secondary metabolism, changing its nutritive value and composition of health-promoting components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Fogelman
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michal Oren-Shamir
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Giuseppe Mandolino
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Via di Corticella, 133-40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Parisi
- Research Centre for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI), Via di Corticella, 133-40128, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rinat Ovadia
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Zachariah Tanami
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Idit Ginzberg
- Agricultural Research Organization, the Volcani Center, Institute of Plant Sciences, 68 HaMaccabim Road, P.O. Box 15159, 7505101, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The cultivated potato Solanum tuberosum L. is the fourth most important crop worldwide. Anthocyanins synthesis and accumulation in potato tissues are considered as one of important traits related to stress resistance and nutritional value. It is considered that the major regulatory gene for anthocyanin biosynthesis is R2R3 MYB-encoding gene StAN1. However, the genetic control of pigmentation of different potato tissues is substantially under investigated. The development of genetic markers for breeding of potato with specific pigmentation pattern remains an actual task. RESULTS We investigated 36 potato varieties and hybrids with different pigmentation of tubers and leaves. Sequence organization of regulatory R2R3 MYB (StAN1, StMYBA1, StMYB113), bHLH (StbHLH1, StJAF13) and WD40 (StWD40) genes potentially controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis has been evaluated. The results demonstrated a high variability in the StAN1 third exon and promoter region with the exception for 35 bp, containing elements for the transcription start and activation of gene expression in roots. The analysis of transcriptional activity of genes coding R2R3 MYBs, bHLHs and WD40 transcriptional factors in leaves of eight potato genotypes with different anthocyanin pigmentation was performed. The results showed a relation between the gene expression level and plant pigmentation only for the StAN1 and StWD40 genes, while other studied genes had either strong expression in all varieties and hybrids (StMYBA1, StbHLH1 and StJAF13) or they were not expressed at all (StMYB113). CONCLUSIONS It was found that StAN1 is the major regulatory gene controlling potato anthocyanin synthesis. However, diagnostic markers developed for the functional StAN1 alleles (StAN1777 and StAN1816) can not be used efficiently for prediction of potato pigmentation patterns. It is likely that the sequence organization of StAN1 promoter is important for anthocyanin synthesis control and the development of additional diagnostic markers is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia V. Strygina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42-44, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia
| | - Alex V. Kochetov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
| | - Elena K. Khlestkina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentjeva Ave. 10, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str., 1, Novosibirsk, 630090 Russia
- N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Bolshaya Morskaya Str., 42-44, St. Petersburg, 190000 Russia
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71
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GABA mediates phenolic compounds accumulation and the antioxidant system enhancement in germinated hulless barley under NaCl stress. Food Chem 2019; 270:593-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.07.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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72
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Li Y, Kong D, Bai M, He H, Wang H, Wu H. Correlation of the temporal and spatial expression patterns of HQT with the biosynthesis and accumulation of chlorogenic acid in Lonicera japonica flowers. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:73. [PMID: 31231531 PMCID: PMC6544646 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate transferase (HQT) is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in the flowers of Lonicera japonica. However, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of HQT and its relationship to the dynamics of CGA biosynthesis, transport, and storage remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected L. japonica flower samples at different growth stages (S1-S6) and examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of HQT and the dynamic accumulation patterns of CGA using a combination of molecular and cytological techniques. Our results suggest that the spatiotemporal expression pattern of HQT is directly correlated with dynamic changes in CGA accumulation and distribution in L. japonica flowers. We further show that CGA is synthesized primarily in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts. CGA synthesized in the cytoplasm first accumulates in specialized vesicles and is then transferred to large central vacuoles for storage by fusion of CGA-containing vesicles with vacuoles. Furthermore, CGA synthesized in the chloroplasts appears to be transferred into the vacuoles for storage by direct membrane fusion between the tonoplast and the disrupted chloroplast membranes. Collectively, our results suggest that CGA is synthesized in chloroplasts and cytoplasm and finally transferred to the vacuole for long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Dexin Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Mei Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hanjun He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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73
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Zhao L, Wang D, Liu J, Yu X, Wang R, Wei Y, Wen C, Ouyang Z. Transcriptomic analysis of key genes involved in chlorogenic acid biosynthetic pathway and characterization of MaHCT from Morus alba L. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 156:25-35. [PMID: 30597215 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mulberry leaves (Morus alba L.) are of high medicinal value in traditional Chinese medicine with chlorogenic acid (CGA) as its major biologically active constituent. Mulberry leaves require that they be harvested after frost; previous studies have shown CGA accumulation significantly increased after frost. However, the molecular mechanism of how frost changes the CGA content in mulberry leaves is unclear. Additionally, the mechanism of CGA biosynthesis and key genes in mulberry leaves are not well-understood. In this study, transcriptome sequencing was performed on two mulberry leaf samples with different CGA contents (before and after frost). Fifty-eight genes were annotated in the CGA biosynthetic pathway. Compared to those in pre-frost mulberry leaves, 12 and 5 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, in post-frost leaves. Correlation analysis showed that the expression levels of four genes were significantly positively correlated with CGA content, including those encoding phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), and coumaroyl quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase, and may be key genes in the CGA biosynthetic pathway. We cloned MaHCT4 (GenBank accession no. MH476577) from mulberry leaves. Multiple sequence alignment suggested that MaHCT4 contains the conserved domains HXXXD and DFGWG. Enzymatic assays indicated that MaHCT4 catalyzes the formation of p-coumaroyl shikimic acid, p-coumaroyl quinic acid, and CGA. The Km values of quinic acid and shikimic acid were 10 ± 1.0 and 31 ± 1.7 μM, respectively, suggesting that MaHCT4 favored quinic acid over shikimic acid as its acyl acceptor. Using quinic acid as an acyl acceptor, MaHCT4 showed a preference for p-coumaroyl-CoA over caffeoyl-CoA. Our results provide insight into the molecular mechanism of how frost alters the CGA content and roles of key genes involved in the CGA biosynthetic pathway in mulberry leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Dujun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Rongye Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Chongwei Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
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D'Amelia V, Aversano R, Ruggiero A, Batelli G, Appelhagen I, Dinacci C, Hill L, Martin C, Carputo D. Subfunctionalization of duplicate MYB genes in Solanum commersonii generated the cold-induced ScAN2 and the anthocyanin regulator ScAN1. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1038-1051. [PMID: 28386931 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wild potato species are useful sources of allelic diversity and loci lacking in the cultivated potato. In these species, the presence of anthocyanins in leaves has been associated with a greater tolerance to cold stress. However, the molecular mechanisms that allow potatoes to withstand cold exposure remain unclear. Here, we show that the expression of AN2, a MYB transcription factor, is induced by low temperatures in wild, cold-tolerant Solanum commersonii, and not in susceptible Solanum tuberosum varieties. We found that AN2 is a paralog of the potato anthocyanin regulator AN1, showing similar interaction ability with basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) co-partners. Their sequence diversity resulted in a different capacity to promote accumulation of phenolics when tested in tobacco. Indeed, functional studies demonstrated that AN2 is less able to induce anthocyanins than AN1, but nevertheless it has a strong ability to induce accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. We propose that the duplication of R2R3 MYB genes resulted in subsequent subfunctionalization, where AN1 specialized in anthocyanin production and AN2 conserved the ability to respond to cold stress, inducing mainly the synthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives. These results contribute to understanding the evolutionary significance of gene duplication on phenolic compound regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo D'Amelia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Giorgia Batelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Research Division Portici (CNR-IBBR), Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Ingo Appelhagen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Claudio Dinacci
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
| | - Lionel Hill
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Cathie Martin
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Domenico Carputo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, 80055, Italy
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75
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Liu Y, Tikunov Y, Schouten RE, Marcelis LFM, Visser RGF, Bovy A. Anthocyanin Biosynthesis and Degradation Mechanisms in Solanaceous Vegetables: A Review. Front Chem 2018; 6:52. [PMID: 29594099 PMCID: PMC5855062 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a group of polyphenolic pigments that are ubiquitously found in the plant kingdom. In plants, anthocyanins play a role not only in reproduction, by attracting pollinators and seed dispersers, but also in protection against various abiotic and biotic stresses. There is accumulating evidence that anthocyanins have health-promoting properties, which makes anthocyanin metabolism an interesting target for breeders and researchers. In this review, the state of the art knowledge concerning anthocyanins in the Solanaceous vegetables, i.e., pepper, tomato, eggplant, and potato, is discussed, including biochemistry and biological function of anthocyanins, as well as their genetic and environmental regulation. Anthocyanin accumulation is determined by the balance between biosynthesis and degradation. Although the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway has been well-studied in Solanaceous vegetables, more research is needed on the inhibition of biosynthesis and, in particular, the anthocyanin degradation mechanisms if we want to control anthocyanin content of Solanaceous vegetables. In addition, anthocyanin metabolism is distinctly affected by environmental conditions, but the molecular regulation of these effects is poorly understood. Existing knowledge is summarized and current gaps in our understanding are highlighted and discussed, to create opportunities for the development of anthocyanin-rich crops through breeding and environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands.,Graduate School Production Ecology & Resource Conservation, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yury Tikunov
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Rob E Schouten
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo F M Marcelis
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Richard G F Visser
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Bovy
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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76
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González-Villagra J, Rodrigues-Salvador A, Nunes-Nesi A, Cohen JD, Reyes-Díaz MM. Age-related mechanism and its relationship with secondary metabolism and abscisic acid in Aristotelia chilensis plants subjected to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 124:136-145. [PMID: 29360623 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is the most important stress factor for plants, being the main cause of agricultural crop loss in the world. Plants have developed complex mechanisms for preventing water loss and oxidative stress such as synthesis of abscisic acid (ABA) and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds such as anthocyanins, which might help plants to cope with abiotic stress as antioxidants and for scavenging reactive oxygen species. A. chilensis (Mol.) is a pioneer species, colonizing and growing on stressed and disturbed environments. In this research, an integrated analysis of secondary metabolism in Aristotelia chilensis was done to relate ABA effects on anthocyanins biosynthesis, by comparing between young and fully-expanded leaves under drought stress. Plants were subjected to drought stress for 20 days, and physiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses were performed. The relative growth rate and plant water status were reduced in stressed plants, with young leaves significantly more affected than fully-expanded leaves beginning from the 5th day of drought stress. A. chilensis plants increased their ABA and total anthocyanin content and showed upregulation of gene expression when they were subjected to severe drought (day 20), with these effects being higher in fully-expanded leaves. Multivariate analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between transcript levels for NCED1 (9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) and UFGT (UDP glucose: flavonoid-3-O-glucosyltransferase) with ABA and total anthocyanin, respectively. Thus, this research provides a more comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms that allow plants to cope with drought stress. This is highlighted by the differences between young and fully-expanded leaves, showing different sensibility to stress due to their ability to synthesize anthocyanins. In addition, this ability to synthesize different and high amounts of anthocyanins could be related to higher NCED1 and MYB expression and ABA levels, enhancing drought stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Villagra
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Acácio Rodrigues-Salvador
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jerry D Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Marjorie M Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile; Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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77
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Šulc M, Kotíková Z, Paznocht L, Pivec V, Hamouz K, Lachman J. Changes in anthocyanidin levels during the maturation of color-fleshed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers. Food Chem 2017; 237:981-988. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ngwene B, Neugart S, Baldermann S, Ravi B, Schreiner M. Intercropping Induces Changes in Specific Secondary Metabolite Concentration in Ethiopian Kale ( Brassica carinata) and African Nightshade ( Solanum scabrum) under Controlled Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1700. [PMID: 29033969 PMCID: PMC5626848 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping is widespread in small-holder farming systems in tropical regions and is also practiced in the cultivation of indigenous vegetables, to alleviate the multiple burdens of malnutrition. Due to interspecific competition and/or complementation between intercrops, intercropping may lead to changes in plants accumulation of minerals and secondary metabolites and hence, alter nutritional quality for consumers. Intercropping aims to intensify land productivity, while ensuring that nutritional quality is not compromised. This study aimed to investigate changes in minerals and secondary plant metabolites in intercropped Brassica carinata and Solanum scabrum, two important African indigenous vegetables, and evaluated the suitability of this combination for dryer areas. B. carinata and S. scabrum were grown for 6 weeks under controlled conditions in a greenhouse trial. Large rootboxes (8000 cm3 volume) were specifically designed for this experiment. Each rootbox was planted with two plants, either of the same plant species (mono) or one of each plant species (mixed). A quartz sand/soil substrate was used and fertilized adequately for optimal plant growth. During the last 4 weeks of the experiment, the plants were either supplied with optimal (65% WHC) or low (30% WHC) irrigation, to test the effect of a late-season drought. Intercropping increased total glucosinolate content in B. carinata, while maintaining biomass production and the contents of other health related minerals in both B. carinata and S. scabrum. Moreover, low irrigation led to an increase in carotene accumulation in both mono and intercropped S. scabrum, but not in B. carinata, while the majority of kaempferol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives of both species were decreased by intercropping and drought treatment. This study indicates that some health-related phytochemicals can be modified by intercropping or late-season drought, but field validation of these results is necessary before definite recommendation can be made to stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benard Ngwene
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Neugart
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Beena Ravi
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
- Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren, Germany
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79
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Sandeep IS, Das S, Nasim N, Mishra A, Acharya L, Joshi RK, Nayak S, Mohanty S. Differential expression of CURS gene during various growth stages, climatic condition and soil nutrients in turmeric (Curcuma longa): Towards site specific cultivation for high curcumin yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 118:348-355. [PMID: 28697469 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma longa L., accumulates substantial amount of curcumin and essential oil. Little is known about the differential expression of curcumin synthase (CURS) gene and consequent curcumin content variations at different agroclimatic zones. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of climate, soil and harvesting phase on expression of CURS gene for curcumin yield in two high yielding turmeric cultivars. Expression of CURS gene at different experimental zones as well as at different harvesting phase was studied through transcriptional analysis by qRT-PCR. Curcumin varied from 1.5 to 5% and 1.4-5% in Surama and Roma respectively. The expression of CURS also varied from 0.402 to 5.584 fold in Surama and 0.856-5.217 fold in Roma. Difference in curcumin content at a particular zone varied among different harvesting period from 3.95 to 4.31% in Surama and 3.57-3.83% in Roma. Expression of CURS gene was also effected by harvesting time of the rhizome which varied from 7.389 to 16.882 fold in Surama and 4.41-8.342 fold in Roma. The CURS gene expression was found regardless of variations in curcumin content at different experimental zones. This may be due to the effects of soil and environmental variables. Expression was positively correlated with curcumin content with different harvesting time at a particular zone. This find indicates effect of soil and environment on molecular and biochemical dynamics of curcumin biosynthesis and could be useful in genetic improvement of turmeric.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sriram Sandeep
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Suryasnata Das
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Noohi Nasim
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Antaryami Mishra
- Department of Soil Sciences, Odisha University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Laxmikanta Acharya
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Raj Kumar Joshi
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sanghamitra Nayak
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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80
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González-Villagra J, Kurepin LV, Reyes-Díaz MM. Evaluating the involvement and interaction of abscisic acid and miRNA156 in the induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in drought-stressed plants. PLANTA 2017; 246:299-312. [PMID: 28534253 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
ABA is involved in anthocyanin synthesis through the regulation of microRNA156, augmenting the level of expression of anthocyanin synthesis-related genes and, therefore, increasing anthocyanin level. Drought stress is the main cause of agricultural crop loss in the world. However, plants have developed mechanisms that allow them to tolerate drought stress conditions. At cellular level, drought stress induces changes in metabolite accumulation, including increases in anthocyanin levels due to upregulation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. Recent studies suggest that the higher anthocyanin content observed under drought stress conditions could be a consequence of a rise in the abscisic acid (ABA) concentration. This plant hormone crosses the plasma membrane by specific transporters, and it is recognized at the cytosolic level by receptors known as pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/regulatory component of ABA receptors (PYR/RCARs) that regulate downstream components. In this review, we discuss the hypothesis regarding the involvement of ABA in the regulation of microRNA156 (miRNA156), which is upregulated as part of dehydration stress responsiveness in different species. The miRNA156 upregulation produces a greater level of anthocyanin gene expression, forming the multienzyme complex that will synthesize an increased level of anthocyanins at the cytosolic face of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). After synthesis, anthocyanins are transported from the RER to the vacuole by two possible models of transport: (1) membrane vesicle-mediated transport, or (2) membrane transporter-mediated transport. Thus, the aim was to analyze the recent findings on synthesis, transport and the possible mechanism by which ABA could increase anthocyanin synthesis under drought stress conditions potentially throughout microRNA156 (miRNA156).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge González-Villagra
- Doctoral Program in Science of Natural Resources, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leonid V Kurepin
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Marjorie M Reyes-Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
- Center of Plant, Soil Interaction and Natural Resources Biotechnology, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, P.O. Box 54-D, Temuco, Chile.
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81
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Piñeros‐Niño C, Narváez‐Cuenca C, Kushalappa AC, Mosquera T. Hydroxycinnamic acids in cooked potato tubers from Solanum tuberosum group Phureja. Food Sci Nutr 2017; 5:380-389. [PMID: 28572921 PMCID: PMC5448355 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acids are phenolic compounds and are considered to have health promotion properties due to their antioxidant activity. Potato tubers of 113 genotypes of Solanum tuberosum group Phureja belonging to the Colombian Central Collection, landraces of potatoes, and commercial cultivars were evaluated for their hydroxycinnamic acids content. The composition of these compounds was analyzed using cooked tubers in two different agro-climatic conditions. The genotypes were analyzed for chlorogenic acid, neo-chlorogenic acid, crypto-chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Chlorogenic acid was the major representative and varied between 0.77 to 7.98 g kg-1 DW (dry weight) followed by crypto-chlorogenic acid (from 0.09 to 1.50 g kg-1 DW). Under moorland agro-climatic conditions even though the chlorogenic acid levels increased with respect to flatland agro-climatic conditions, the related isomer neo-chlorogenic acid decreased as compared to flatland conditions. The correlation between chlorogenic acid with the isomers, and with caffeic acid was positive. This study demonstrated that there is a wide variation in hydroxycinnamic acids contents in the germplasm studied, which can be exploited in breeding programs to contribute to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Piñeros‐Niño
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaCarrera 30 No.45 ‐ 03, Edificio 500BogotáColombia
| | | | | | - Teresa Mosquera
- Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaCarrera 30 No.45 ‐ 03, Edificio 500BogotáColombia
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82
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Chlorogenic acid, anthocyanin and flavan-3-ol biosynthesis in flesh and skin of Andean potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum subsp. andigena). Food Chem 2017; 229:837-846. [PMID: 28372251 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Natural variation of Andean potato was used to study the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. Levels of phenolic compounds and corresponding structural gene transcripts were examined in flesh and skin of tubers. Phenolic acids, mainly chlorogenic acid (CGA), represent the major compounds, followed by anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols. High-anthocyanin varieties have high levels of CGA. Both metabolite and transcript levels were higher in skin than in flesh and showed a good correspondence. Two hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA transferases (HCT/HQT) have been involved in CGA production, of which HCT reflects CGA levels. Catechin was found in pigmented tissues whereas epicatechin was restricted to tuber skin. Transcripts of leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LCR), which generates catechin, could not be detected. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) transcripts, the enzyme responsible for epicatechin production, showed similar levels among samples. These data suggest that the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols in potato tuber would require ANR but not LCR and that an epimerization process is involved.
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83
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Drapal M, Farfan-Vignolo ER, Gutierrez OR, Bonierbale M, Mihovilovich E, Fraser PD. Identification of metabolites associated with water stress responses in Solanum tuberosum L. clones. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2017; 135:24-33. [PMID: 27964835 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Water deficiency has become a major issue for modern agriculture as its effects on crop yields and tuber quality have become more pronounced. Potato genotypes more tolerant to water shortages have been identified through assessment of yield and dry matter. In the present study, a combination of metabolite profiling and physiological/agronomical measurements has been used to explore complex system level responses to non-lethal water restriction. The metabolites identified were associated with physiological responses in three different plant tissues (leaf, root and tuber) of five different potato genotypes varying in susceptibility/tolerance to drought. This approach explored the potential of metabolite profiling as a tool to unravel sectors of metabolism that react to stress conditions and could mirror the changes in the plant physiology. The metabolite results showed different responses of the three plant tissues to the water deficit, resulting either in different levels of the metabolites detected or different metabolites expressed. The leaf material displayed the most changes to drought as reported in literature. The results highlighted genotype-specific signatures to water restriction over all three plant tissues suggesting that the genetics can predominate over the environmental conditions. This will have important implications for future breeding approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drapal
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - E R Farfan-Vignolo
- International Potato Center (CIP), CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas, Lima, 12, Peru
| | - O R Gutierrez
- International Potato Center (CIP), CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas, Lima, 12, Peru
| | - M Bonierbale
- International Potato Center (CIP), CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas, Lima, 12, Peru
| | - E Mihovilovich
- International Potato Center (CIP), CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas, Lima, 12, Peru
| | - P D Fraser
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
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84
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Akyol H, Riciputi Y, Capanoglu E, Caboni MF, Verardo V. Phenolic Compounds in the Potato and Its Byproducts: An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E835. [PMID: 27240356 PMCID: PMC4926369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a tuber that is largely used for food and is a source of different bioactive compounds such as starch, dietary fiber, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, and phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are synthetized by the potato plant as a protection response from bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects. Several works showed that these potato compounds exhibited health-promoting effects in humans. However, the use of the potato in the food industry submits this vegetable to different processes that can alter the phenolic content. Moreover, many of these compounds with high bioactivity are located in the potato's skin, and so are eliminated as waste. In this review the most recent articles dealing with phenolic compounds in the potato and potato byproducts, along with the effects of harvesting, post-harvest, and technological processes, have been reviewed. Briefly, the phenolic composition, main extraction, and determination methods have been described. In addition, the "alternative" food uses and healthy properties of potato phenolic compounds have been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazal Akyol
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazağa Campus, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Ylenia Riciputi
- Department of Agro-Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, Cesena (FC) I-47521, Italy.
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Ayazağa Campus, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Maria Fiorenza Caboni
- Department of Agro-Food Sciences and Technologies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, Cesena (FC) I-47521, Italy.
- Inter-Departmental Centre for Agri-Food Industrial Research (CIRI Agroalimentare), University of Bologna, Piazza Goidanich 60, Cesena (FC) I-47521, Italy.
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area) University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n Almería E-04120, Spain.
- Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n Almería E-04120, Spain.
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85
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Park YJ, Li X, Noh SJ, Kim JK, Lim SS, Park NI, Kim S, Kim YB, Kim YO, Lee SW, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Park SU. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis in shoot and root of Valeriana fauriei. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:303. [PMID: 27107812 PMCID: PMC4842265 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valeriana fauriei is commonly used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in many countries. Several constituents with various pharmacological properties are present in the roots of Valeriana species. Although many researches on V. fauriei have been done since a long time, further studies in the discipline make a limit due to inadequate genomic information. Hence, Illumina HiSeq 2500 system was conducted to obtain the transcriptome data from shoot and root of V. fauriei. RESULTS A total of 97,595 unigenes were noticed from 346,771,454 raw reads after preprocessing and assembly. Of these, 47,760 unigens were annotated with Uniprot BLAST hits and mapped to COG, GO and KEGG pathway. Also, 70,013 and 88,827 transcripts were expressed in root and shoot of V. fauriei, respectively. Among the secondary metabolite biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were large groups, where transcripts was involved. To characterize the molecular basis of terpenoid, carotenoid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the levels of transcription were determined by qRT-PCR. Also, secondary metabolites content were measured using GC/MS and HPLC analysis for that gene expression correlated with its accumulation respectively between shoot and root of V. fauriei. CONCLUSIONS We have identified the transcriptome using Illumina HiSeq system in shoot and root of V. fauriei. Also, we have demonstrated gene expressions associated with secondary metabolism such as terpenoid, carotenoid, and phenylpropanoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ji Park
- />Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764 Korea
| | - Xiaohua Li
- />Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764 Korea
| | - Seung Jae Noh
- />Code Division, Insilicogen Inc., Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 441-813 Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- />Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 406-772 Korea
| | - Soon Sung Lim
- />Department of Food and Nutrition and Institute of Natural Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702 Korea
| | - Nam Il Park
- />Deptartment of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 7 Jukheon-gil, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 210-702 Korea
| | - Soonok Kim
- />Biological and Genetic Resources Assessment Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, 404-170 Korea
| | - Yeon Bok Kim
- />Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Bisanro 92, Eumseong, Chungbuk 369-873 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- />Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Bisanro 92, Eumseong, Chungbuk 369-873 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- />Department of Herbal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Bisanro 92, Eumseong, Chungbuk 369-873 Republic of Korea
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- />Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- />Department of Botany and Microbiology, Addiriyah Chair for Environmental Studies, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Sang Un Park
- />Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-764 Korea
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86
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Liu Y, Lin-Wang K, Espley RV, Wang L, Yang H, Yu B, Dare A, Varkonyi-Gasic E, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang D, Allan AC. Functional diversification of the potato R2R3 MYB anthocyanin activators AN1, MYBA1, and MYB113 and their interaction with basic helix-loop-helix cofactors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:2159-76. [PMID: 26884602 PMCID: PMC4809278 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), R2R3 MYBs are involved in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis. We examined sequences of these MYBs in cultivated potatoes, which are more complex than diploid potato due to ploidy and heterozygosity. We found amino acid variants in the C-terminus of the MYB StAN1, termed R0, R1, and R3, due to the presence of a repeated 10-amino acid motif. These variant MYBs showed some expression in both white and pigmented tubers. We found several new alleles or gene family members of R2R3 MYBs,StMYBA1 and StMYB113, which were also expressed in white potato tubers. From functional analysis in tobacco, we showed that the presence of a C-terminal 10-amino acid motif is optimal for activating anthocyanin accumulation. Engineering a motif back into a MYB lacking this sequence enhanced its activating ability. Versions of StMYBA1 and StMYB113 can also activate anthocyanin accumulation in tobacco leaves, with the exception of StMYB113-3, which has a partial R2R3 domain. We isolated five family members of potato StbHLH1, and one StJAF13, to test their ability to interact with MYB variants. The results showed that two alleles of StbHLH1 from white skin and red skin are non-functional, while three other StbHLH1s have different co-regulating abilities, and need to be activated by StJAF13. Combined with expression analysis in potato tuber, results suggest that StbHLH1 and StJAF13a re key co-regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, while the transcripts of MYB variants StAN1,StMYBA1, and StMYB113 are well expressed, even in the absence of pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Liu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Richard V Espley
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Li Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Andrew Dare
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Erika Varkonyi-Gasic
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junlian Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Di Wang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Improvement and Germplasm Enhancement, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Andrew C Allan
- Plant & Food Research Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland 1142, New Zealand School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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87
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Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Senan-Campos O, Massucci FA, Hernández-Aguilera A, Sales-Pardo M, Guimerà R, Camps J, Menendez JA, Joven J. The acute impact of polyphenols from Hibiscus sabdariffa in metabolic homeostasis: an approach combining metabolomics and gene-expression analyses. Food Funct 2016; 6:2957-66. [PMID: 26234931 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00696a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We explored the acute multifunctional effects of polyphenols from Hibiscus sabdariffa in humans to assess possible consequences on the host's health. The expected dynamic response was studied using a combination of transcriptomics and metabolomics to integrate specific functional pathways through network-based methods and to generate hypotheses established by acute metabolic effects and/or modifications in the expression of relevant genes. Data were obtained from healthy male volunteers after 3 hours of ingestion of an aqueous Hibiscus sabdariffa extract. The data were compared with data obtained prior to the ingestion, and the overall findings suggest that these particular polyphenols had a simultaneous role in mitochondrial function, energy homeostasis and protection of the cardiovascular system. These findings suggest beneficial actions in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidation, which are interrelated mechanisms. Among other effects, the activation of the heme oxygenase-biliverdin reductase axis, the systemic inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, the inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, and several actions mirroring those of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists further support this notion. We also found concordant findings in the serum of the participants, which include a decrease in cortisol levels and a significant increase in the active vasodilator metabolite of bradykinin (des-Arg(9)-bradykinin). Therefore, our data support the view that polyphenols from Hibiscus sabdariffa play a regulatory role in metabolic health and in the maintenance of blood pressure, thus implying a multi-faceted impact in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Beltrán-Debón
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus of International excellence Southern Catalonia, Carrer Sant Llorenç 21, 43201-Reus, Spain.
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88
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Andre CM, Hausman JF, Guerriero G. Cannabis sativa: The Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:19. [PMID: 26870049 PMCID: PMC4740396 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is an important herbaceous species originating from Central Asia, which has been used in folk medicine and as a source of textile fiber since the dawn of times. This fast-growing plant has recently seen a resurgence of interest because of its multi-purpose applications: it is indeed a treasure trove of phytochemicals and a rich source of both cellulosic and woody fibers. Equally highly interested in this plant are the pharmaceutical and construction sectors, since its metabolites show potent bioactivities on human health and its outer and inner stem tissues can be used to make bioplastics and concrete-like material, respectively. In this review, the rich spectrum of hemp phytochemicals is discussed by putting a special emphasis on molecules of industrial interest, including cannabinoids, terpenes and phenolic compounds, and their biosynthetic routes. Cannabinoids represent the most studied group of compounds, mainly due to their wide range of pharmaceutical effects in humans, including psychotropic activities. The therapeutic and commercial interests of some terpenes and phenolic compounds, and in particular stilbenoids and lignans, are also highlighted in view of the most recent literature data. Biotechnological avenues to enhance the production and bioactivity of hemp secondary metabolites are proposed by discussing the power of plant genetic engineering and tissue culture. In particular two systems are reviewed, i.e., cell suspension and hairy root cultures. Additionally, an entire section is devoted to hemp trichomes, in the light of their importance as phytochemical factories. Ultimately, prospects on the benefits linked to the use of the -omics technologies, such as metabolomics and transcriptomics to speed up the identification and the large-scale production of lead agents from bioengineered Cannabis cell culture, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle M. Andre
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and TechnologyEsch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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89
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Valcarcel J, Reilly K, Gaffney M, O'Brien NM. Levels of potential bioactive compounds including carotenoids, vitamin C and phenolic compounds, and expression of their cognate biosynthetic genes vary significantly in different varieties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown under uniform cultural conditions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:1018-1026. [PMID: 25821013 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In addition to their high carbohydrate content, potatoes are also an important dietary source of vitamin C and bioactive secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds and carotenoids, which have been suggested to play a role in human health. The expression of genes encoding key enzymes involved in the synthesis of these compounds was assessed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared to the accumulation of the corresponding product in seven potato varieties showing contrasting levels of metabolite accumulation. RESULTS Strong positive correlations were found between phenolic content in the flesh of tubers and transcript levels of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and chalcone synthase (CHS) genes. The expression of PAL and CHS was also related to that of AN1, a transcription factor involved in the synthesis of anthocyanins, suggesting that these genes are regulated in a coordinated manner. No clear relationship was found between transcript levels of phytoene synthase (PSY) or L-galactono-1,4-lactone dehydrogenase (GLDH) genes and total carotenoid or vitamin C accumulation, respectively. CONCLUSION Data indicate that levels of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in potato are controlled primarily by PAL and CHS gene expression. Transcript levels of PSY and GLDH did not control accumulation of carotenoids or vitamin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Valcarcel
- Teagasc, Horticulture Development Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin 15, Ireland
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kim Reilly
- Teagasc, Horticulture Development Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Michael Gaffney
- Teagasc, Horticulture Development Department, Ashtown Food Research Centre, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Nora M O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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90
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Ma D, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Qin H, Ding H, Xie Y, Guo T. Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds and Expression Profiles of Phenolic Acid Biosynthesis-Related Genes in Developing Grains of White, Purple, and Red Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:528. [PMID: 27148345 PMCID: PMC4840273 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols in whole grain wheat have potential health benefits, but little is known about the expression patterns of phenolic acid biosynthesis genes and the accumulation of phenolic acid compounds in different-colored wheat grains. We found that purple wheat varieties had the highest total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. Among phenolic acid compounds, bound ferulic acid, vanillic, and caffeic acid levels were significantly higher in purple wheat than in white and red wheat, while total soluble phenolic acid, soluble ferulic acid, and vanillic acid levels were significantly higher in purple and red wheat than in white wheat. Ferulic acid and syringic acid levels peaked at 14 days after anthesis (DAA), whereas p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid levels peaked at 7 DAA, and vanillic acid levels gradually increased during grain filling and peaked near ripeness (35 DAA). Nine phenolic acid biosynthesis pathway genes (TaPAL1, TaPAL2, TaC3H1, TaC3H2, TaC4H, Ta4CL1, Ta4CL2, TaCOMT1, and TaCOMT2) exhibited three distinct expression patterns during grain filling, which may be related to the different phenolic acids levels. White wheat had higher phenolic acid contents and relatively high gene expression at the early stage, while purple wheat had the highest phenolic acid contents and gene expression levels at later stages. These results suggest that the expression of phenolic acid biosynthesis genes may be closely related to phenolic acids accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Ma
- Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Yaoguang Li
- Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Food and Science Technology College, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- The National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Haixia Qin
- Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Huina Ding
- Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Yingxin Xie
- Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
| | - Tiancai Guo
- Agronomy/National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Food Crops, Henan Agricultural UniversityZhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tiancai Guo
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91
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Meng C, Zhang S, Deng YS, Wang GD, Kong FY. Overexpression of a tomato flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like protein gene improves chilling tolerance in tobacco. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 96:388-400. [PMID: 26372946 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are secondary metabolites found in plants with a wide range of biological functions, such as stress protection. This study investigated the functions of a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) flavanone 3-hydroxylase-like protein gene SlF3HL by using transgenic tobacco. The expression of the gene was up-regulated under chilling (4 °C), heat (42 °C), salt (NaCl) and oxidative (H2O2) stresses. The transgenic plants that displayed high SlF3HL mRNA and protein levels showed higher flavonoid content than the WT plants. Moreover, the expression of three flavonoid biosynthesis-related structural genes, namely, chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI) and flavonol synthase (FLS) was also higher in the transgenic plants than in the WT plants. Under chilling stress, the transgenic plants showed not only faster seed germination, better survival and growth, but also lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, relative electrical conductivity (REC) and H2O2 and O2(·-) levels compared with WT plants. These results suggested that SlF3HL stimulated flavonoid biosynthesis in response to chilling stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Cell Engineering and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cotton Breeding and Cultivation in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Ministry of Agricultural, Cotton Research Centre, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guo-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Fan-Ying Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, China.
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92
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Devi MJ, Sinclair TR, Taliercio E. Comparisons of the Effects of Elevated Vapor Pressure Deficit on Gene Expression in Leaves among Two Fast-Wilting and a Slow-Wilting Soybean. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139134. [PMID: 26427064 PMCID: PMC4591296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Limiting the transpiration rate (TR) of a plant under high vapor pressure deficit (VPD) has the potential to improve crop yield under drought conditions. The effects of elevated VPD on the expression of genes in the leaves of three soybean accessions, Plant Introduction (PI) 416937, PI 471938 and Hutcheson (PI 518664) were investigated because these accessions have contrasting responses to VPD changes. Hutcheson, a fast-wilting soybean, and PI 471938, a slow-wilting soybean, respond to increased VPD with a linear increase in TR. TR of the slow-wilting PI 416937 is limited when VPD increases to greater than about 2 kPa. The objective of this study was to identify the response of the transcriptome of these accessions to elevated VPD under well-watered conditions and identify responses that are unique to the slow-wilting accessions. Gene expression analysis in leaves of genotypes PI 471938 and Hutcheson showed that 22 and 1 genes, respectively, were differentially expressed under high VPD. In contrast, there were 944 genes differentially expressed in PI 416937 with the same increase in VPD. The increased alteration of the transcriptome of PI 416937 in response to elevated VPD clearly distinguished it from the other slow-wilting PI 471938 and the fast-wilting Hutcheson. The inventory and analysis of differentially expressed genes in PI 416937 in response to VPD is a foundation for further investigation to extend the current understanding of plant hydraulic conductivity in drought environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mura Jyostna Devi
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas R Sinclair
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Earl Taliercio
- Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Unit, USDA-ARS, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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93
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Li L, Lu X, Zhao J, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhao C, Xu G. Lipidome and metabolome analysis of fresh tobacco leaves in different geographical regions using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5009-20. [PMID: 25701418 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The combination of the lipidome and the metabolome can provide much more information in plant metabolomics studies. A method for the simultaneous extraction of the lipidome and the metabolome of fresh tobacco leaves was developed. Method validation was performed on the basis of the optimal ratio of methanol to methyl tert-butyl ether to water (37:45:68) from the design of experiments. Good repeatability was obtained. We found that 92.2% and 91.6% of the peaks for the lipidome and the metabolome were within a relative standard deviation of 20%, accounting for 94.6% and 94.6% of the total abundance, respectively. The intraday and interday precisions were also satisfactory. A total of 230 metabolites, including 129 lipids, were identified. Significant differences were found in lipidomic and metabolomic profiles of fresh tobacco leaves in different geographical regions. Highly unsaturated galactolipids, phosphatidylethanolamines, predominant phosphatidylcholines, most of the polyphenols, amino acids, and polyamines had a higher content in Yunnan province, and low-unsaturation-degree galactolipids, triacylglycerols, glucosylceramides with trihydroxy long-chain bases, acylated sterol glucosides, and some organic acids were more abundant in Henan province. Correlation analysis between differential metabolites and climatic factors indicated the vital importance of temperature. The fatty acid unsaturation degree of galactolipids could be influenced by temperature. Accumulation of polyphenols and decreases in the ratios of stigmasterols to sitosterols and glucosylstigmasterols to glucosylsitosterols were also correlated with lower temperature in Yunnan province. Furthermore, lipids were more sensitive to climatic variations than other metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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94
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Valiñas MA, Lanteri ML, ten Have A, Andreu AB. Chlorogenic Acid Biosynthesis Appears Linked with Suberin Production in Potato Tuber (Solanum tuberosum). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:4902-4913. [PMID: 25921651 DOI: 10.1021/jf505777p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a good source of dietary antioxidants. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeic acid (CA) are the most abundant phenolic acid antioxidants in potato and are formed by the phenylpropanoid pathway. A number of CGA biosynthetic routes that involve hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) and/or hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT) have been proposed, but little is known about their path in potato. CA production requires a caffeoyl shikimate esterase (CSE), and CA serves as a substrate of lignin precursor ferulic acid via the action of caffeic/5-hydroxyferulic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT I). CGA is precursor of caffeoyl-CoA and, via caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), of feruloyl-CoA. Feruloyl-CoA is required for lignin and suberin biosynthesis, crucial for tuber development. Here, metabolite and transcript levels of the mentioned and related enzymes, such as cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), were determined in the flesh and skin of fresh and stored tubers. Metabolite and transcript levels were higher in skin than in flesh, irrespective of storage. CGA and CA production appear to occur via p-coumaroyl-CoA, using HQT and CSE, respectively. HCT is likely involved in CGA remobilization toward suberin. The strong correlation between CGA and CA, the correspondence with C4H, HQT, CCoAOMT2, and CSE, and the negative correlation of HCT and COMT I in potato tubers suggest a major flux toward suberin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matías Ariel Valiñas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - María Luciana Lanteri
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Arjen ten Have
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Adriana Balbina Andreu
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina
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95
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Payyavula RS, Shakya R, Sengoda VG, Munyaneza JE, Swamy P, Navarre DA. Synthesis and regulation of chlorogenic acid in potato: Rerouting phenylpropanoid flux in HQT-silenced lines. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:551-64. [PMID: 25421386 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the major phenolic sink in potato tubers and can constitute over 90% of total phenylpropanoids. The regulation of CGA biosynthesis in potato and the role of the CGA biosynthetic gene hydroxycinnamoyl CoA:quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT) was characterized. A sucrose induced accumulation of CGA correlated with the increased expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) rather than HQT. Transient expression of the potato MYB transcription factor StAN1 (anthocyanin 1) in tobacco increased CGA. RNAi suppression of HQT resulted in over a 90% reduction in CGA and resulted in early flowering. The reduction in total phenolics and antioxidant capacity was less than the reduction in CGA, suggesting flux was rerouted into other phenylpropanoids. Network analysis showed distinct patterns in different organs, with anthocyanins and phenolic acids showing negative correlations in leaves and flowers and positive in tubers. Some flavonols increased in flowers, but not in leaves or tubers. Anthocyanins increased in flowers and showed a trend to increase in leaves, but not tubers. HQT suppression increased biosynthesis of caffeoyl polyamines, some of which are not previously reported in potato. Decreased PAL expression and enzyme activity was observed in HQT suppressed lines, suggesting the existence of a regulatory loop between CGA and PAL. Electrophysiology detected no effect of CGA suppression on potato psyllid feeding. Collectively, this research showed that CGA in potatoes is synthesized through HQT and HQT suppression altered phenotype and redirected phenylpropanoid flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja S Payyavula
- Irrigated Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA
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96
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Fogelman E, Tanami S, Ginzberg I. Anthocyanin synthesis in native and wound periderms of potato. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:616-26. [PMID: 25156080 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Skin color of red potatoes is due to accumulation of anthocyanins in the tuber periderm, a protective tissue that replaces the epidermis at an early stage of tuber development. The periderm consists of external layers of suberized phellem cells making up the skin, and internal layers of parenchyma-like phelloderm cells. Red pigmentation is an important marketing factor for red-skinned potatoes. However, injuries to the tuber surface, which are common in the potato industry, result in the development of a wound periderm that is devoid of the characteristic red coloration. To study the reason for these differences in anthocyanin accumulation, the expression level of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes and regulators was monitored in native and wound periderm using microarray analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found significantly higher expression of the anthocyanin pathway in the phelloderm cells compared with the skin and tuber-flesh samples. However, in wound periderm, the anthocyanin pathway was strongly downregulated relative to the native periderm. This was true for two developmental stages of the native periderm--'immature', when the skin is prone to skinning injuries, and 'mature', following skin set--suggesting that anthocyanin synthesis continues postharvest. Wound-induced expression of steroidal glycoalkaloid glycosyltransferases, suberin-related 3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase and actin indicated that downregulation of the anthocyanin-specific pathway does not reflect global repression of the wound-periderm transcriptome. Loss of pigmentation may result from reduced expression of the Myb-bHLH-WD40 anthocyanin regulatory complex--a possible candidate might be the bHLH transcription factor JAF13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna Fogelman
- Institute of Plant Sciences, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel
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97
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Hill CB, Taylor JD, Edwards J, Mather D, Langridge P, Bacic A, Roessner U. Detection of QTL for metabolic and agronomic traits in wheat with adjustments for variation at genetic loci that affect plant phenology. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 233:143-154. [PMID: 25711822 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with levels of individual metabolites (mQTL) was combined with the mapping of agronomic traits to investigate the genetic basis of variation and co-variation in metabolites, agronomic traits, and plant phenology in a field-grown bread wheat population. Metabolome analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry resulting in identification of mainly polar compounds, including secondary metabolites. A total of 558 metabolic features were obtained from the flag leaves of 179 doubled haploid lines, of which 197 features were putatively identified, mostly as alkaloids, flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Coordinated genetic control was observed for several groups of metabolites, such as organic acids influenced by two loci on chromosome 7A. Five major phenology-related loci, which were introduced as cofactors in the analyses, differed in their impact upon metabolic and agronomic traits with QZad-aww-7A having more impact on the expression of both metabolite and agronomic QTL than Ppd-B1, Vrn-A1, Eps, and QZad-aww-7D. This QTL study validates the utility of combining agronomic and metabolomic traits as an approach to identify potential trait enhancement targets for breeding selection and reinforces previous results that demonstrate the importance of including plant phenology in the assessment of useful traits in this wheat mapping population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla B Hill
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Julian D Taylor
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - James Edwards
- Australian Grain Technologies, Roseworthy Campus, Roseworthy, South Australia 5371, Australia.
| | - Diane Mather
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia; Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - Peter Langridge
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, The University of Adelaide, PMB1, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia.
| | - Antony Bacic
- Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Ute Roessner
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia; Metabolomics Australia, School of Botany, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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98
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Zhao CL, Wen GS, Mao ZC, Xu SZ, Liu ZJ, Zhao MF, Lin C. Molecular Structures of the Stem Tuber Anthocyanins of Colored Potatoes and Their Coloring Effects on the Tubers. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper summarized the important achievements about the general characteristics of the molecular structures of the stem tuber anthocyanins of Colored potatoes and the basic coloring effects of the anthocyanins on the tubers. The various coloration patterns of the skins and/or flesh of Colored potato tubers result from the accumulation of the anthocyanins in the periderms, phelloderms and/or peripheral cortices of the tubers, and the tuber colors are fundamentally determined by the matching profiles of the six naturally occurring anthocyanidins, i.e., cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and petunidin. Generally, the tuber anthocyanidins hold an O-glycosidic bond-linked rutinosyl at the C3 site, and either a glucosyl linked by an O-glycosidic bond or no substituent group may exist at the C5 site simultaneously. Furthermore, an E-monoacyl frequently exists at the C3- rutinosyls or at the C5-glucosyls of most tuber anthocyanins, and the phenolic acids acylating the tuber anthocyanins are often p-coumaric, ferulic and caffeic acids. The popular names of the p-coumaric acid derivatives of the malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin and petunidin of the tubers are Malvanin, Pelanin, Peonanin and Petanin, respectively. This review provides a reference for the exploration of the mechanism of the tuber coloration and the identification of the molecular structures of the stem tuber anthocyanins of Colored potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ling Zhao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Guo Song Wen
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zi Chao Mao
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Shao Zhong Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zheng Jie Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Ming Fu Zhao
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Chun Lin
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Institute of the Improvement and Utilization of Characteristic Resource Plants, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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99
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Gramazio P, Prohens J, Plazas M, Andújar I, Herraiz FJ, Castillo E, Knapp S, Meyer RS, Vilanova S. Location of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis pathway and polyphenol oxidase genes in a new interspecific anchored linkage map of eggplant. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 14:350. [PMID: 25491265 PMCID: PMC4279458 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-014-0350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eggplant is a powerful source of polyphenols which seems to play a key role in the prevention of several human diseases, such as cancer and diabetes. Chlorogenic acid is the polyphenol most present in eggplant, comprising between the 70% and 90% of the total polyphenol content. Introduction of the high chlorogenic acid content of wild relatives, such as S. incanum, into eggplant varieties will be of great interest. A potential side effect of the increased level polyphenols could be a decrease on apparent quality due to browning caused by the polyphenol oxidase enzymes mediated oxidation of polyphenols. We report the development of a new interspecific S. melongena × S. incanum linkage map based on a first backcross generation (BC1) towards the cultivated S. melongena as a tool for introgressing S. incanum alleles involved in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid in the genetic background of S. melongena. RESULTS The interspecific genetic linkage map of eggplant developed in this work anchor the most informative previously published genetic maps of eggplant using common markers. The 91 BC1 plants of the mapping population were genotyped with 42 COSII, 99 SSRs, 88 AFLPs, 9 CAPS, 4 SNPs and one morphological polymorphic markers. Segregation marker data resulted in a map encompassing 1085 cM distributed in 12 linkage groups. Based on the syntheny with tomato, the candidate genes involved in the core chlorogenic acid synthesis pathway in eggplant (PAL, C4H, 4CL, HCT, C3'H, HQT) as well as five polyphenol oxidase (PPO1, PPO2, PPO3, PPO4, PPO5) were mapped. Except for 4CL and HCT chlorogenic acid genes were not linked. On the contrary, all PPO genes clustered together. Candidate genes important in domestication such as fruit shape (OVATE, SISUN1) and prickliness were also located. CONCLUSIONS The achievements in location of candidate genes will allow the search of favorable alleles employing marker-assisted selection in order to develop new varieties with higher chlorogenic content alongside a lower polyphenol oxidase activity. This will result into an enhanced product showing a lower fruit flesh browning with improved human health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Gramazio
- />Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jaime Prohens
- />Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariola Plazas
- />Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Andújar
- />Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Herraiz
- />Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Castillo
- />Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sandra Knapp
- />Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD UK
| | - Rachel S Meyer
- />Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, 12 Waverly Place, New York, NY 10003 USA
- />Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi Research Institute, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Santiago Vilanova
- />Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain
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100
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Ma D, Sun D, Wang C, Li Y, Guo T. Expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and accumulation of flavonoid in wheat leaves in response to drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 80:60-6. [PMID: 24727789 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids are the low molecular weight polyphenolic secondary metabolic compounds, and have various functions in growth, development, reproduction, and stress defense. However, little is known about the roles of the key enzymes in the flavonoids biosynthesis pathway in response to drought stress in winter wheat. Here, we investigated the expression pattern of flavonoids biosynthesis genes and accumulation of flavonoids in wheat leaves under drought stress. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that there were a rapid increase in expression levels of TaCHS, TaCHI, TaF3H, TaFNS, TaFLS, TaDFR, and TaANS under drought stress in two wheat cultivars Aikang 58 (AK) and Chinese Spring (CS). The cultivar CS exhibited higher genes expression levels of TaCHS, TaCHI, TaF3H, TaFLS, TaDFR, and TaANS, and the cultivar AK showed a higher expression level of TaFNS gene during drought treatment. The increase rates of genes expression were superior in AK compared to CS. Total phenolics content, total flavonoids content, anthocyanin content, and schaftoside content in wheat leaves were enhanced during drought treatment and cultivar CS had a relative higher accumulation. These results suggest that the flavonoids pathway genes expression and accumulation of flavonoids compounds may be closely related to drought tolerant in wheat. Further, flavonoids response mechanism may be different between wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, No. 62 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou City 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Dexiang Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, No. 62 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou City 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, No. 62 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou City 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Yaoguang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, No. 62 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou City 450002, Henan Province, China
| | - Tiancai Guo
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Henan Agricultural University, No. 62 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou City 450002, Henan Province, China.
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