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Mannochio-Russo H, de Almeida RF, Nunes WDG, Bueno PCP, Caraballo-Rodríguez AM, Bauermeister A, Dorrestein PC, Bolzani VS. Untargeted Metabolomics Sheds Light on the Diversity of Major Classes of Secondary Metabolites in the Malpighiaceae Botanical Family. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:854842. [PMID: 35498703 PMCID: PMC9047359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.854842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural products produced by plants are one of the most investigated natural sources, which substantially contributed to the development of the natural products field. Even though these compounds are widely explored, the literature still lacks comprehensive investigations aiming to explore the evolution of secondary metabolites produced by plants, especially if classical methodologies are employed. The development of sensitive hyphenated techniques and computational tools for data processing has enabled the study of large datasets, being valuable assets for chemosystematic studies. Here, we describe a strategy for chemotaxonomic investigations using the Malpighiaceae botanical family as a model. Our workflow was based on MS/MS untargeted metabolomics, spectral searches, and recently described in silico classification tools, which were mapped into the latest molecular phylogeny accepted for this family. The metabolomic analysis revealed that different ionization modes and extraction protocols significantly impacted the chemical profiles, influencing the chemotaxonomic results. Spectral searches within public databases revealed several clades or genera-specific molecular families, being potential chemical markers for these taxa, while the in silico classification tools were able to expand the Malpighiaceae chemical space. The classes putatively annotated were used for ancestral character reconstructions, which recovered several classes of metabolites as homoplasies (i.e., non-exclusive) or synapomorphies (i.e., exclusive) for all sampled clades and genera. Our workflow combines several approaches to perform a comprehensive evolutionary chemical study. We expect it to be used on further chemotaxonomic investigations to expand chemical knowledge and reveal biological insights for compounds classes in different biological groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Mannochio-Russo
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Rafael F. de Almeida
- Royal Botanical Gardens Kew, Science, Ecosystem Stewardship, Diversity and Livelihoods, Richmond, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lamol Lab, Feira de Santana State University (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Brazil
| | - Wilhan D. G. Nunes
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia (IFRO), Ji-Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paula C. P. Bueno
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Alfenas (UNIFAL), Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Andrés M. Caraballo-Rodríguez
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Anelize Bauermeister
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Vanderlan S. Bolzani
- NuBBE, Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, Brazil
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Phosphatidic Acid in Plant Hormonal Signaling: From Target Proteins to Membrane Conformations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063227. [PMID: 35328648 PMCID: PMC8954910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells sense a variety of extracellular signals balancing their metabolism and physiology according to changing growth conditions. Plasma membranes are the outermost informational barriers that render cells sensitive to regulatory inputs. Membranes are composed of different types of lipids that play not only structural but also informational roles. Hormones and other regulators are sensed by specific receptors leading to the activation of lipid metabolizing enzymes. These enzymes generate lipid second messengers. Among them, phosphatidic acid (PA) is a well-known intracellular messenger that regulates various cellular processes. This lipid affects the functional properties of cell membranes and binds to specific target proteins leading to either genomic (affecting transcriptome) or non-genomic responses. The subsequent biochemical, cellular and physiological reactions regulate plant growth, development and stress tolerance. In the present review, we focus on primary (genome-independent) signaling events triggered by rapid PA accumulation in plant cells and describe the functional role of PA in mediating response to hormones and hormone-like regulators. The contributions of individual lipid signaling enzymes to the formation of PA by specific stimuli are also discussed. We provide an overview of the current state of knowledge and future perspectives needed to decipher the mode of action of PA in the regulation of cell functions.
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Pirc K, Clifton LA, Yilmaz N, Saltalamacchia A, Mally M, Snoj T, Žnidaršič N, Srnko M, Borišek J, Parkkila P, Albert I, Podobnik M, Numata K, Nürnberger T, Viitala T, Derganc J, Magistrato A, Lakey JH, Anderluh G. An oomycete NLP cytolysin forms transient small pores in lipid membranes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj9406. [PMID: 35275729 PMCID: PMC8916740 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj9406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial plant pathogens secrete a range of effector proteins that damage host plants and consequently constrain global food production. Necrosis and ethylene-inducing peptide 1-like proteins (NLPs) are produced by numerous phytopathogenic microbes that cause important crop diseases. Many NLPs are cytolytic, causing cell death and tissue necrosis by disrupting the plant plasma membrane. Here, we reveal the unique molecular mechanism underlying the membrane damage induced by the cytotoxic model NLP. This membrane disruption is a multistep process that includes electrostatic-driven, plant-specific lipid recognition, shallow membrane binding, protein aggregation, and transient pore formation. The NLP-induced damage is not caused by membrane reorganization or large-scale defects but by small membrane ruptures. This distinct mechanism of lipid membrane disruption is highly adapted to effectively damage plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Pirc
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luke A. Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, Oxford OX11 OQX, UK
| | - Neval Yilmaz
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Mojca Mally
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Snoj
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nada Žnidaršič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Srnko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jure Borišek
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Petteri Parkkila
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Isabell Albert
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Molecular Plant Physiology, FAU Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Thorsten Nürnberger
- Center of Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tapani Viitala
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jure Derganc
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair of Microprocess Engineering and Technology—COMPETE, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alessandra Magistrato
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), 34136 Trieste, Italy
- National Research Council Institute of Material (CNR-IOM), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jeremy H. Lakey
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Ozolina NV, Kapustina IS, Gurina VV, Nurminsky VN. Role of tonoplast microdomains in plant cell protection against osmotic stress. PLANTA 2022; 255:65. [PMID: 35150330 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Variations in the content of tonoplast microdomains, isolated with the aid of a non-detergent technique, are induced by osmotic stress and may take part in plant cell adaptive mechanisms. Investigation of tonoplast microdomain lipids isolated with the aid of the non-detergent technique from beetroots (Beta vulgaris L.) subjected to either hyperosmotic or hypoosmotic stress was conducted. Earlier, an important role of tonoplast lipids in the protection of plant cells from stress was demonstrated (Ozolina et al. 2020a). In the present paper, we have put forward a hypothesis that lipids of microdomains of raft nature present in the tonoplast are responsible for this protective function. The variations in the content of lipids of the studied nondetergent-isolated microdomains (NIMs) under hyperosmotic and hypoosmotic stresses were different. Under hyperosmotic stress, in the scrutinized microdomains, some variations in the content of lipids were registered, which were characteristic of the already known protective anti-stress mechanisms. These variations were represented by an increase in sterols and polar lipids capable of stabilizing the bilayer structure of the membranes. The found variations in the content of sterols may be bound up with some intensification of the autophagy process under stress because sterols foster the formation of new membrane contacts necessary for this process. Under hypoosmotic stress, the pattern of redistribution of the lipids in the scrutinized membrane structures was different: the largest part of the lipids appeared to be represented by hydrocarbons, which fulfilled mainly a protective function in plants and could prevent the excess water influx into the vacuole. The results obtained not only demonstrate the possible functions of the vacuolar membrane microdomains but also put forward an assumption on the role of any membrane microdomain in the protection mechanisms of the plant cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Ozolina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Irina S Kapustina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Veronika V Gurina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - Vadim N Nurminsky
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 132, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
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55
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Kotlova ER, Senik SV, Manzhieva BS, Kiyashko AA, Shakhova NV, Puzansky RK, Volobuev SV, Misharev AD, Serebryakov EB, Psurtseva NV. Diversity of ESI-MS Based Phosphatidylcholine Profiles in Basidiomycetes. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:177. [PMID: 35205932 PMCID: PMC8879007 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylcholines (PC) are the main membrane lipid constituents comprising more than 50% of total glycerophospholipids. They coordinate a number of cell functions, particularly cell growth, homeostasis, secretion, recognition and communication. In basidial fungi PC are synthesized via the Kennedy pathway as well as through methylation of phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and then undergo remodeling in Lands cycle that replaces fatty acids in PC molecules. The molecular profile of PC is determined by the genetic features that are characteristic for every species and depend on the environment. Here we present the results of ESI-MS based analyses of PC profiles of 38 species of basidiomycetes belonging to Agaricales (12), Polyporales (17), Russulales (5), Gleophyllales (2), Cantharellales (1), Auriculariales (1), Phallales (1). Although the variety of PC molecular species of basidiomycetes is rather diverse (20-38 molecular species in every profile), only 1-3 main molecular species represent 70-90% of total PC content. The most abundant of them are C36:4 and C36:3, followed by C34:1, C34:2, C36:5, C36:2. In the majority of basidiomycetes, C36:4 reaches up to 50-70% of total PC molecular species. Based on the results of hierarchical cluster analysis four main types of PC profiles which characterized the studied fungi independently from their taxonomic position, ecology, trophic status, and hyphal differentiation have been revealed. Comparative analyses of studied fungi using PCA method have shown that species of Polyporales differ from those of Agaricales by higher variability of PC profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina R. Kotlova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.S.); (B.S.M.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.S.); (R.K.P.); (S.V.V.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Svetlana V. Senik
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.S.); (B.S.M.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.S.); (R.K.P.); (S.V.V.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Bairta S. Manzhieva
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.S.); (B.S.M.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.S.); (R.K.P.); (S.V.V.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Anna A. Kiyashko
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.S.); (B.S.M.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.S.); (R.K.P.); (S.V.V.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Natalia V. Shakhova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.S.); (B.S.M.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.S.); (R.K.P.); (S.V.V.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Roman K. Puzansky
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.S.); (B.S.M.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.S.); (R.K.P.); (S.V.V.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Sergei V. Volobuev
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.S.); (B.S.M.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.S.); (R.K.P.); (S.V.V.); (N.V.P.)
| | - Alexander D. Misharev
- Chemical Analysis and Materials Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.D.M.); (E.B.S.)
| | - Eugeny B. Serebryakov
- Chemical Analysis and Materials Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (A.D.M.); (E.B.S.)
| | - Nadezhda V. Psurtseva
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences RAS, 197376 Saint-Petersburg, Russia; (S.V.S.); (B.S.M.); (A.A.K.); (N.V.S.); (R.K.P.); (S.V.V.); (N.V.P.)
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56
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Shamrai SM. Recognition of Pathogen Attacks by Plant Immune Sensors and Induction of Plant Immune Response. CYTOL GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452722010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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57
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Fanani ML, Nocelli NE, Zulueta Díaz YDLM. What can we learn about amphiphile-membrane interaction from model lipid membranes? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183781. [PMID: 34555419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface-active amphiphiles find applications in a wide range of areas of industry such as agrochemicals, personal care, and pharmaceuticals. In many of these applications, interaction with cell membranes is a key factor for achieving their purpose. How do amphiphiles interact with lipid membranes? What are their bases for membrane specificity? Which biophysical properties of membranes are susceptible to modulation by amphiphilic membrane-effectors? What aspects of this interaction are important for performing their function? In our work on membrane biophysics over the years, questions like these have arisen and we now share some of our findings and discuss them in this review. This topic was approached focusing on the membrane properties and their alterations rather than on the amphiphile structure requirements for their interaction. Here, we do not aim to provide a comprehensive list of the modes of action of amphiphiles of biological interest but to help in understanding them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Fanani
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Natalia E Nocelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yenisleidy de Las Mercedes Zulueta Díaz
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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58
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Altabella T, Ramirez-Estrada K, Ferrer A. Phytosterol metabolism in plant positive-strand RNA virus replication. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:281-291. [PMID: 34665312 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The genome of most plant viruses consists of a single positive-strand of RNA (+ ssRNA). Successful replication of these viruses is fully dependent on the endomembrane system of the infected cells, which experiences a massive proliferation and a profound reshaping that enables assembly of the macromolecular complexes where virus genome replication occurs. Assembly of these viral replicase complexes (VRCs) requires a highly orchestrated interplay of multiple virus and co-opted host cell factors to create an optimal microenvironment for efficient assembly and functioning of the virus genome replication machinery. It is now widely accepted that VRC formation involves the recruitment of high levels of sterols, but the specific role of these essential components of cell membranes and the precise molecular mechanisms underlying sterol enrichment at VRCs are still poorly known. In this review, we intend to summarize the most relevant knowledge on the role of sterols in ( +)ssRNA virus replication and discuss the potential of manipulating the plant sterol pathway to help plants fight these infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Altabella
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Karla Ramirez-Estrada
- Laboratory of Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, 66451, México
| | - Albert Ferrer
- Plant Metabolism and Metabolic Engineering Program, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Cerdanyola, 08193, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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59
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Macabuhay A, Arsova B, Walker R, Johnson A, Watt M, Roessner U. Modulators or facilitators? Roles of lipids in plant root-microbe interactions. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 27:180-190. [PMID: 34620547 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipids have diverse functions in regulating the plasma membrane's cellular processes and signaling mediation. Plasma membrane lipids are also involved in the plant's complex interactions with the surrounding microorganisms, with which plants are in various forms of symbiosis. The roles of lipids influence the whole microbial colonization process, thus shaping the rhizomicrobiome. As chemical signals, lipids facilitate the stages of rhizospheric interactions - from plant root to microbe, microbe to microbe, and microbe to plant root - and modulate the plant's defense responses upon perception or contact with either beneficial or phytopathogenic microorganisms. Although studies have come a long way, further investigation is needed to discover more lipid species and elucidate novel lipid functions and profiles under various stages of plant root-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allene Macabuhay
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Borjana Arsova
- Institute for Bio- & Geosciences, Plant Sciences (IBG-2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, 52428, Germany
| | - Robert Walker
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alexander Johnson
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Michelle Watt
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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60
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Mendes LFS, Costa-Filho AJ. A gold revision of the Golgi Dynamics (GOLD) domain structure and associated cell functionalities. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:973-990. [PMID: 35099811 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The classical secretory pathway is the key membrane-based delivery system in eukaryotic cells. Several families of proteins involved in the secretory pathway, with functionalities going from cargo sorting receptors to the maintenance and dynamics of secretory organelles, share soluble globular domains predicted to mediate protein-protein interactions. One of them is "Golgi Dynamics" (GOLD) domain, named after its strong association with the Golgi apparatus. There are many GOLD-containing protein families, such as the Transmembrane emp24 domain-containing proteins (TMED/p24 family), animal SEC14-like proteins, Human Golgi resident protein ACBD3, a splice variant of TICAM2 called TRAM with GOLD domain and FYCO1. Here, we critically review the state-of-the-art knowledge of the structures and functions of the main representatives of GOLD-containing proteins in vertebrates. We provide the first unified description of the GOLD domain structure across different families since the first high-resolution structure was determined. With a brand-new update on the definition of the GOLD domain, we also discuss how its tertiary structure fits the β-sandwich-like fold map and give exciting new directions for forthcoming studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Felipe S Mendes
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Antonio J Costa-Filho
- Laboratório de Biofísica Molecular, Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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61
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Insuasti‐Cruz E, Suárez‐Jaramillo V, Mena Urresta KA, Pila‐Varela KO, Fiallos‐Ayala X, Dahoumane SA, Alexis F. Natural Biomaterials from Biodiversity for Healthcare Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101389. [PMID: 34643331 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Natural biomaterials originating during the growth cycles of all living organisms have been used for many applications. They span from bioinert to bioactive materials including bioinspired ones. As they exhibit an increasing degree of sophistication, natural biomaterials have proven suitable to address the needs of the healthcare sector. Here the different natural healthcare biomaterials, their biodiversity sources, properties, and promising healthcare applications are reviewed. The variability of their properties as a result of considered species and their habitat is also discussed. Finally, some limitations of natural biomaterials are discussed and possible future developments are provided as more natural biomaterials are yet to be discovered and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Insuasti‐Cruz
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering Yachay Tech University Urcuquí 100119 Ecuador
| | | | | | - Kevin O. Pila‐Varela
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering Yachay Tech University Urcuquí 100119 Ecuador
| | - Xiomira Fiallos‐Ayala
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering Yachay Tech University Urcuquí 100119 Ecuador
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- Department of Chemical Engineering Polytech Montreal Montreal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada
- Center for Advances in Water and Air Quality (CAWAQ) Lamar University Beaumont TX 77710 USA
| | - Frank Alexis
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering Yachay Tech University Urcuquí 100119 Ecuador
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Visioli F, Poli A. Prevention and Treatment of Atherosclerosis: The Use of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2022; 270:271-285. [PMID: 31792678 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional interventions are effective and - in theory - easy to implement primary and secondary prevention strategies that reduce several risk factors of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Yet, because of (a) the severe impact of CVD in terms of mortality, morbidity, quality of life, and economy, (b) the proved role of LDL plasma concentrations as the most critical risk factor, and (c) the obstacles found both in terms of biological effects and compliance of the patient by an exclusively dietary intervention, food supplements or nutraceuticals are now valuable resources for physicians. As regards cholesterol control, several preparations are available in the market, and we will critically review them in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Visioli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Poli
- Nutrition Foundation of Italy, Milan, Italy.
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63
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Wu D, Saleem M, He T, He G. The Mechanism of Metal Homeostasis in Plants: A New View on the Synergistic Regulation Pathway of Membrane Proteins, Lipids and Metal Ions. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120984. [PMID: 34940485 PMCID: PMC8706360 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal stress (HMS) is one of the most destructive abiotic stresses which seriously affects the growth and development of plants. Recent studies have shown significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to HMS. In general, three core signals are involved in plants' responses to HMS; these are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), calcium, and hormonal (abscisic acid) signals. In addition to these signal components, other regulatory factors, such as microRNAs and membrane proteins, also play an important role in regulating HMS responses in plants. Membrane proteins interact with the highly complex and heterogeneous lipids in the plant cell environment. The function of membrane proteins is affected by the interactions between lipids and lipid-membrane proteins. Our review findings also indicate the possibility of membrane protein-lipid-metal ion interactions in regulating metal homeostasis in plant cells. In this review, we investigated the role of membrane proteins with specific substrate recognition in regulating cell metal homeostasis. The understanding of the possible interaction networks and upstream and downstream pathways is developed. In addition, possible interactions between membrane proteins, metal ions, and lipids are discussed to provide new ideas for studying metal homeostasis in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Wu
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
| | - Tengbing He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Institute of New Rural Development, West Campus, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Guandi He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (G.H.)
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64
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Pretorius CJ, Zeiss DR, Dubery IA. The presence of oxygenated lipids in plant defense in response to biotic stress: a metabolomics appraisal. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1989215. [PMID: 34968410 PMCID: PMC9208797 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1989215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Recent lipid-based findings suggest more direct roles for fatty acids and their degradation products in inducing/modulating various aspects of plant defense, e.g. as signaling molecules following stress responses that may regulate plant innate immunity. The synthesis of oxylipins is a highly dynamic process and occurs in both a developmentally regulated mode and in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. This mini-review summarizes the occurrence of free - and oxygenated fatty acid derivatives in plants as part of an orchestrated metabolic defense against pathogen attack. Oxygenated C18 derived polyunsaturated fatty acids were identified by untargeted metabolomics studies of a number of different plant-microbe pathosystems and may serve as potential biomarkers of oxidative stress. Untargeted metabolomics in combination with targeted lipidomics, can uncover previously unrecognized aspects of lipid mobilization during plant defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanel J. Pretorius
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Dylan R. Zeiss
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
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65
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Bowry SK, Chazot C. The scientific principles and technological determinants of haemodialysis membranes. Clin Kidney J 2021; 14:i5-i16. [PMID: 34987782 PMCID: PMC8711766 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfab184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In most biological or industrial (including medical) separation processes, a membrane is a semipermeable barrier that allows or achieves selective transport between given compartments. In haemodialysis (HD), the semipermeable membrane is in a tubular geometry in the form of miniscule pipes (hollow fibres) and separation processes between compartments involve a complex array of scientific principles and factors that influence the quality of therapy a patient receives. Several conditions need to be met to accomplish the selective and desired removal of substances from blood in the inner cavity (lumen) of the hollow fibres and across the membrane wall into the larger open space surrounding each fibre. Current HD membranes have evolved and improved beyond measure from the experimental membranes available in the early developmental periods of dialysis. Today, the key functional determinants of dialysis membranes have been identified both in terms of their potential to remove uraemic retention solutes (termed ‘uraemic toxins’) as well subsidiary criteria they must additionally fulfill to avoid undesirable patient reactions or to ensure safety. The production of hundreds of millions of kilometres of hollow fibre membranes is truly a technological achievement to marvel, particularly in ensuring that the fibre dimensions of wall thickness and inner lumen diameter and controlled porosity—all so vital to core solute removal and detoxification functions of dialysis—are maintained for every centimetre length of the fragile fibres. Production of membranes will increase in parallel with the increase in the number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients expected to require HD therapies in the future. The provision of high-quality care entails detailed consideration of all aspects of dialysis membranes, as quality cannot in any way be compromised for the life-sustaining—like the natural membranes within all living organisms—function artificial dialysis membranes serve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir K Bowry
- Dialysis-at-Crossroads (D@X) Advisory, Bad Nauheim, Germany
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66
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Guan P, Shi W, Riemann M, Nick P. Dissecting the membrane-microtubule sensor in grapevine defence. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:260. [PMID: 34848701 PMCID: PMC8632924 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Specific populations of plant microtubules cooperate with the plasma membrane to sense and process abiotic stress signals, such as cold stress. The current study derived from the question, to what extent this perception system is active in biotic stress signalling. The experimental system consisted of grapevine cell lines, where microtubules or actin filaments are visualised by GFP, such that their response became visible in vivo. We used the bacterial elicitors harpin (inducing cell-death related defence), or flg22 (inducing basal immunity) in combination with modulators of membrane fluidity, or microtubules. We show that DMSO, a membrane rigidifier, can cause microtubule bundling and trigger defence responses, including activation of phytoalexin transcripts. However, DMSO inhibited the gene expression in response to harpin, while promoting the gene expression in response to flg22. Treatment with DMSO also rendered microtubules more persistent to harpin. Paradoxically, Benzylalcohol (BA), a membrane fluidiser, acted in the same way as DMSO. Neither GdCl3, nor diphenylene iodonium were able to block the inhibitory effect of membrane rigidification on harpin-induced gene expression. Treatment with taxol stabilised microtubule against harpin but amplified the response of PAL transcripts. Therefore, the data support implications of a model that deploys specific responses to pathogen-derived signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyin Guan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Wenjing Shi
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Riemann
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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67
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Yan L, Sunoj VSJ, Short AW, Lambers H, Elsheery NI, Kajita T, Wee AKS, Cao KF. Correlations between allocation to foliar phosphorus fractions and maintenance of photosynthetic integrity in six mangrove populations as affected by chilling. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:2267-2282. [PMID: 34610157 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chilling restrains the distribution of mangroves. We tested whether foliar phosphorus (P) fractions and gene expression are associated with cold tolerance in mangrove species. We exposed seedlings of six mangrove populations from different latitudes to favorable, chilling and recovery treatments, and measured their foliar P concentrations and fractions, photochemistry, nighttime respiration, and gene expression. A Kandelia obovata (KO; 26.45°N) population completely and a Bruguiera gymnorhiza (Guangxi) (BGG; 21.50°N) population partially (30%) survived chilling. Avicennia marina (24.29°N), and other B. gymnorhiza (26.66°N, 24.40°N, and 19.62°N) populations died after chilling. Photosystems of KO and photosystem I of BGG were least injured. During chilling, leaf P fractions, except nucleic acid P in three populations, declined and photoinhibition and nighttime respiration increased in all populations, with the greatest impact in B. gymnorhiza. Leaf nucleic acid P was positively correlated with photochemical efficiency during recovery and nighttime respiration across populations for each treatment. Relatively high concentrations of nucleic acid P and metabolite P were associated with stronger chilling tolerance in KO. Bruguiera gymnorhiza exhibited relatively low concentrations of organic P in favorable and chilling conditions, but its partially survived population showed stronger compensation in nucleic acid P and Pi concentrations and gene expression during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - V S John Sunoj
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - Aidan W Short
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Hans Lambers
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nabil I Elsheery
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- Agriculture Botany Department, Tanta University, Tanta, 72513, Egypt
| | - Tadashi Kajita
- Iriomote Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Uehara, Yaeyama, Taketomi, Okinawa, 907-1541, Japan
| | - Alison K S Wee
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
- School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, 43500, Malaysia
| | - Kun-Fang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bio-resources and Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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Plant monounsaturated fatty acids: Diversity, biosynthesis, functions and uses. Prog Lipid Res 2021; 85:101138. [PMID: 34774919 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2021.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids are straight-chain aliphatic monocarboxylic acids comprising a unique carbon‑carbon double bond, also termed unsaturation. More than 50 distinct molecular structures have been described in the plant kingdom, and more remain to be discovered. The evolution of land plants has apparently resulted in the convergent evolution of non-homologous enzymes catalyzing the dehydrogenation of saturated acyl chain substrates in a chemo-, regio- and stereoselective manner. Contrasted enzymatic characteristics and different subcellular localizations of these desaturases account for the diversity of existing fatty acid structures. Interestingly, the location and geometrical configuration of the unsaturation confer specific characteristics to these molecules found in a variety of membrane, storage, and surface lipids. An ongoing research effort aimed at exploring the links existing between fatty acid structures and their biological functions has already unraveled the importance of several monounsaturated fatty acids in various physiological and developmental contexts. What is more, the monounsaturated acyl chains found in the oils of seeds and fruits are widely and increasingly used in the food and chemical industries due to the physicochemical properties inherent in their structures. Breeders and plant biotechnologists therefore develop new crops with high monounsaturated contents for various agro-industrial purposes.
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69
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Rondelli V, Koutsioubas A, Pršić J, Deboever E, Crowet JM, Lins L, Deleu M. Sitosterol and glucosylceramide cooperative transversal and lateral uneven distribution in plant membranes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21618. [PMID: 34732753 PMCID: PMC8566578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The properties of biomembranes depend on the presence, local structure and relative distribution assumed by the thousands of components it is made of. As for animal cells, plant membranes have been demonstrated to be organized in subdomains with different persistence lengths and times. In plant cells, sitosterol has been demonstrated to confer to phospholipid membranes a more ordered structure while among lipids, glycosphingolipids are claimed to form rafts where they tightly pack with sterols. Glucosylceramides are glycosphingolipids involved in plant signalling and are essential for viability of cells and whole plant. The glucosylceramide-sitosterol structural coupling within PLPC membranes is here investigated by Langmuir films, in silico simulations and neutron reflectometry, unveiling that a strong direct interaction between the two molecules exists and governs their lateral and transversal distribution within membrane leaflets. The understanding of the driving forces governing specific molecules clustering and segregation in subdomains, such as glucosylceramide and sitosterol, have an impact on the mechanical properties of biomembranes and could reflect in the other membrane molecules partitioning and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rondelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - A Koutsioubas
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Garching, Germany.
| | - J Pršić
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory (MiPI), TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - E Deboever
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.,Laboratory of Natural Molecules Chemistry, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, 2, Passage des Déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium.,FytoFend S.A., rue Georges Legrand, 6, 5032, Isnes, Belgium
| | - J M Crowet
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Reims, France
| | - L Lins
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - M Deleu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Condorcet, TERRA Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium.
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70
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Gilliard G, Huby E, Cordelier S, Ongena M, Dhondt-Cordelier S, Deleu M. Protoplast: A Valuable Toolbox to Investigate Plant Stress Perception and Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:749581. [PMID: 34675954 PMCID: PMC8523952 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.749581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Plants are constantly facing abiotic and biotic stresses. To continue to thrive in their environment, they have developed many sophisticated mechanisms to perceive these stresses and provide an appropriate response. There are many ways to study these stress signals in plant, and among them, protoplasts appear to provide a unique experimental system. As plant cells devoid of cell wall, protoplasts allow observations at the individual cell level. They also offer a prime access to the plasma membrane and an original view on the inside of the cell. In this regard, protoplasts are particularly useful to address essential biological questions regarding stress response, such as protein signaling, ion fluxes, ROS production, and plasma membrane dynamics. Here, the tools associated with protoplasts to comprehend plant stress signaling are overviewed and their potential to decipher plant defense mechanisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gilliard
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Eloïse Huby
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Sylvain Cordelier
- RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marc Ongena
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Terra Teaching and Research Center, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Dhondt-Cordelier
- RIBP EA 4707, USC INRAE 1488, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Magali Deleu
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Moléculaire aux Interfaces, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
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71
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Stelate A, Tihlaříková E, Schwarzerová K, Neděla V, Petrášek J. Correlative Light-Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy of Plasma Membrane Efflux Carriers of Plant Hormone Auxin. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1407. [PMID: 34680040 PMCID: PMC8533460 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence light microscopy provided convincing evidence for the domain organization of plant plasma membrane (PM) proteins. Both peripheral and integral PM proteins show an inhomogeneous distribution within the PM. However, the size of PM nanodomains and protein clusters is too small to accurately determine their dimensions and nano-organization using routine confocal fluorescence microscopy and super-resolution methods. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a novel correlative light electron microscopy method (CLEM) using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and advanced environmental scanning electron microscopy (A-ESEM). Using this technique, we determined the number of auxin efflux carriers from the PINFORMED (PIN) family (NtPIN3b-GFP) within PM nanodomains of tobacco cell PM ghosts. Protoplasts were attached to coverslips and immunostained with anti-GFP primary antibody and secondary antibody conjugated to fluorochrome and gold nanoparticles. After imaging the nanodomains within the PM with TIRFM, the samples were imaged with A-ESEM without further processing, and quantification of the average number of molecules within the nanodomain was performed. Without requiring any post-fixation and coating procedures, this method allows to study details of the organization of auxin carriers and other plant PM proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Stelate
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Eva Tihlaříková
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (V.N.)
| | - Kateřina Schwarzerová
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Vilém Neděla
- Institute of Scientific Instruments, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic; (E.T.); (V.N.)
| | - Jan Petrášek
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague 2, Czech Republic; (A.S.); (K.S.)
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Backman APE, Mattjus P. Who moves the sphinx? An overview of intracellular sphingolipid transport. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:159021. [PMID: 34339859 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid bilayers function as boundaries that enclose their content from the surrounding media, and the composition of different membrane types is accurately and dynamically tailored so that they can perform their function. To achieve this balance, lipid biosynthetic machinery and lipid trafficking events are intertwined into an elegant network. In this review, we focus on the intracellular movement of sphingolipids mediated by sphingolipid transfer proteins. Additionally, we will focus on the best characterized and understood mammalian sphingolipid transfer proteins and provide an overview of how they are hypothesized to function. Some are already well understood, while others remain enigmatic. A few are actual lipid transfer proteins, moving lipids from membrane to membrane, while others may have more of a sensor role, possibly reacting to changes in the concentrations of their ligands. Considering the substrates available for cytosolic sphingolipid transfer proteins, one open question that is discussed is whether galactosylceramide is a target. Another question is the exact mechanics by which sphingolipid transfer proteins are targeted to different organelles, such as how four phosphate adapter protein-2, FAPP2 is targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum. The aim of this review is to discuss what is known within the field today and to provide a basic understanding of how these proteins may work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders P E Backman
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter Mattjus
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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73
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Ozolina NV, Kapustina IS, Gurina VV, Bobkova VA, Nurminsky VN. Role of Plasmalemma Microdomains (Rafts) in Protection of the Plant Cell Under Osmotic Stress. J Membr Biol 2021; 254:429-439. [PMID: 34302495 DOI: 10.1007/s00232-021-00194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lipid-protein microdomains (presumably rafts) of the plasmalemma isolated from the beetroots subjected to hyperosmotic stress and hypoosmotic stress were studied. In these microdomains, the variations in the composition of total lipids, sterols, and fatty acids were observed. These variations differed under hypo- and hyperosmotic types of stress. We presumed that such variations were bound up with different strategies, which are probably related to protecting the cell from osmotic stress. One of the protection tendencies might be related, in our opinion, to credible growth of the content of such lipids as sterols and sterol esters, which are considered as raft-forming. Under osmotic stress, these lipids can contribute to the formation of both new raft structures and new membrane contacts of plasmalemma with intracellular organelles. Another protection tendency may be bound up with the redistribution of membrane phospholipids and phosphoglycerolipids possibly to stabilize the membrane's lamellar structure, which is ensured by credible growth of the content of such lipids as phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol. The participation of lipid-protein microdomains in the adaptive mechanisms of plant cells may, in our opinion, also be bound up with the redistribution of membrane sterols, which (redistribution) in a number of variants may provoke credible growth in the content of cholesterol or "anti-stress" sterols (campesterol and stigmasterol). So, according to our results, the variations in the content of the plasmalemma lipid-protein microdomains take place under osmotic stress. These variations may influence the functioning of plasmalemma and take part in the adaptive mechanisms of plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Ozolina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - I S Kapustina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - V V Gurina
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - V A Bobkova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia
- Irkutsk State University, 5, Sukhe-Bator St, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - V N Nurminsky
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,, 132, Lermontov St, Irkutsk, Russia
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Kehelpannala C, Rupasinghe T, Pasha A, Esteban E, Hennessy T, Bradley D, Ebert B, Provart NJ, Roessner U. An Arabidopsis lipid map reveals differences between tissues and dynamic changes throughout development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:287-302. [PMID: 33866624 PMCID: PMC8361726 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is the predominant analytical tool used in the field of plant lipidomics. However, there are many challenges associated with the mass spectrometric detection and identification of lipids because of the highly complex nature of plant lipids. Studies into lipid biosynthetic pathways, gene functions in lipid metabolism, lipid changes during plant growth and development, and the holistic examination of the role of plant lipids in environmental stress responses are often hindered. Here, we leveraged a robust pipeline that we previously established to extract and analyze lipid profiles of different tissues and developmental stages from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We analyzed seven tissues at several different developmental stages and identified more than 200 lipids from each tissue analyzed. The data were used to create a web-accessible in silico lipid map that has been integrated into an electronic Fluorescent Pictograph (eFP) browser. This in silico library of Arabidopsis lipids allows the visualization and exploration of the distribution and changes of lipid levels across selected developmental stages. Furthermore, it provides information on the characteristic fragments of lipids and adducts observed in the mass spectrometer and their retention times, which can be used for lipid identification. The Arabidopsis tissue lipid map can be accessed at http://bar.utoronto.ca/efp_arabidopsis_lipid/cgi-bin/efpWeb.cgi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheka Kehelpannala
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | | | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Eddi Esteban
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Thomas Hennessy
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd679 Springvale RoadMulgraveVIC3170Australia
| | - David Bradley
- Agilent Technologies Australia Pty Ltd679 Springvale RoadMulgraveVIC3170Australia
| | - Berit Ebert
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
| | - Nicholas J. Provart
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and FunctionUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3B2Canada
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC3010Australia
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75
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Gömann J, Herrfurth C, Zienkiewicz A, Ischebeck T, Haslam TM, Hornung E, Feussner I. Sphingolipid long-chain base hydroxylation influences plant growth and callose deposition in Physcomitrium patens. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:297-314. [PMID: 33720428 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are enriched in microdomains in the plant plasma membrane (PM). Hydroxyl groups in the characteristic long-chain base (LCB) moiety might be essential for the interaction between sphingolipids and sterols during microdomain formation. Investigating LCB hydroxylase mutants in Physcomitrium patens might therefore reveal the role of certain plant sphingolipids in the formation of PM subdomains. Physcomitrium patens mutants for the LCB C-4 hydroxylase S4H were generated by homologous recombination. Plants were characterised by analysing their sphingolipid and steryl glycoside (SG) profiles and by investigating different gametophyte stages. s4h mutants lost the hydroxyl group at the C-4 position of their LCB moiety. Loss of this hydroxyl group caused global changes in the moss sphingolipidome and in SG composition. Changes in membrane lipid composition may trigger growth defects by interfering with the localisation of membrane-associated proteins that are crucial for growth processes such as signalling receptors or callose-modifying enzymes. Loss of LCB-C4 hydroxylation substantially changes the P. patens sphingolipidome and reveals a key role for S4H during development of nonvascular plants. Physcomitrium patens is a valuable model for studying the diversification of plant sphingolipids. The simple anatomy of P. patens facilitates visualisation of physiological processes in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Gömann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Zienkiewicz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Tegan M Haslam
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Ellen Hornung
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany
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Smirnova AN, Shvydkiy VO, Shishkina LN. Physico-Chemical Properties and Composition of Lipids of Calendula Flower and Sea Buckthorn Fruit. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121040102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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77
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Zhang H, Li X, Liu Q, Sun J, Secundo F, Mao X. Construction of a Super-Folder Fluorescent Protein-Guided Secretory Expression System for the Production of Phospholipase D in Bacillus subtilis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:6842-6849. [PMID: 34124889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids (PLs) are one of the main ingredients in food and nutraceutical, cosmetics, agriculture, and pharmaceutical products. Phospholipase D (PLD) is a crucial enzyme for the biocatalytic synthesis or modification of PLs. Here, to prepare PLD more efficiently, we constructed a PLD expression and secretion system in Bacillus subtilis and developed an environmentally friendly reaction system. A nonclassical secretory pathway where a super-folder green fluorescent protein plays as an N-terminal guide protein was introduced. This expression system can not only achieve rapid screening of high-level expression strains but can also achieve the secretion of the target proteins. Under optimal fermentation conditions, the enzyme activity of the culture medium was 0.35 U/mL, which was 2.05-fold that of the Sec secretion pathway strains. Meanwhile, the effects of several organic solvents in the biphasic reaction media were compared. The results showed that when using cyclopentyl methyl ether as the organic phase, the final conversion rate reached 96.9%. It has shown good application potential in the synthesis of phosphatidylserine, laid the foundation for the synthesis and application of other rare and high-value PLs, and provided a reference for the production of other biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xuehan Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Francesco Secundo
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, CNR, v. Mario Bianco 9, Milan 20131, Italy
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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78
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Mehta S, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Fight Hard or Die Trying: Current Status of Lipid Signaling during Plant-Pathogen Interaction. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:1098. [PMID: 34070722 PMCID: PMC8228701 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant diseases pose a substantial threat to food availability, accessibility, and security as they account for economic losses of nearly $300 billion on a global scale. Although various strategies exist to reduce the impact of diseases, they can introduce harmful chemicals to the food chain and have an impact on the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to understand and exploit the plants' immune systems to control the spread of pathogens and enable sustainable agriculture. Recently, growing pieces of evidence suggest a functional myriad of lipids to be involved in providing structural integrity, intracellular and extracellular signal transduction mediators to substantial cross-kingdom cell signaling at the host-pathogen interface. Furthermore, some pathogens recognize or exchange plant lipid-derived signals to identify an appropriate host or development, whereas others activate defense-related gene expression. Typically, the membrane serves as a reservoir of lipids. The set of lipids involved in plant-pathogen interaction includes fatty acids, oxylipins, phospholipids, glycolipids, glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and sterols. Overall, lipid signals influence plant-pathogen interactions at various levels ranging from the communication of virulence factors to the activation and implementation of host plant immune defenses. The current review aims to summarize the progress made in recent years regarding the involvement of lipids in plant-pathogen interaction and their crucial role in signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Mehta
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India;
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Amit Roy
- EVA4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (A.C.); (A.R.)
- Excelentní Tým pro Mitigaci (ETM), Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 21 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
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Carmona-Salazar L, Cahoon RE, Gasca-Pineda J, González-Solís A, Vera-Estrella R, Treviño V, Cahoon EB, Gavilanes-Ruiz M. Plasma and vacuolar membrane sphingolipidomes: composition and insights on the role of main molecular species. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:624-639. [PMID: 33570616 PMCID: PMC8154057 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid structures affect membrane biophysical properties such as thickness, stability, permeability, curvature, fluidity, asymmetry, and interdigitation, contributing to membrane function. Sphingolipids are abundant in plant endomembranes and plasma membranes (PMs) and comprise four classes: ceramides, hydroxyceramides, glucosylceramides, and glycosylinositolphosphoceramides (GIPCs). They constitute an array of chemical structures whose distribution in plant membranes is unknown. With the aim of describing the hydrophobic portion of sphingolipids, 18 preparations from microsomal (MIC), vacuolar (VM), PM, and detergent-resistant membranes (DRM) were isolated from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves. Sphingolipid species, encompassing pairing of long-chain bases and fatty acids, were identified and quantified in these membranes. Sphingolipid concentrations were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis to assess sphingolipid diversity, abundance, and predominance across membranes. The four sphingolipid classes were present at different levels in each membrane: VM was enriched in glucosylceramides, hydroxyceramides, and GIPCs; PM in GIPCs, in agreement with their key role in signal recognition and sensing; and DRM in GIPCs, as reported by their function in nanodomain formation. While a total of 84 sphingolipid species was identified in MIC, VM, PM, and DRM, only 34 were selectively distributed in the four membrane types. Conversely, every membrane contained a different number of predominant species (11 in VM, 6 in PM, and 17 in DRM). This study reveals that MIC, VM, PM, and DRM contain the same set of sphingolipid species but every membrane source contains its own specific assortment based on the proportion of sphingolipid classes and on the predominance of individual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carmona-Salazar
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conj. E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán. 04510, Cd. de México, México
| | - Rebecca E Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, NE 68588–0665, USA
| | - Jaime Gasca-Pineda
- UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, 54090, Estado de México, México
| | - Ariadna González-Solís
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, NE 68588–0665, USA
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Victor Treviño
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina, 64710 Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Edgar B Cahoon
- Center for Plant Science Innovation & Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, NE 68588–0665, USA
| | - Marina Gavilanes-Ruiz
- Dpto. de Bioquímica, Facultad de Química, Conj. E. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM. Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán. 04510, Cd. de México, México
- Author for communication:
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80
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Batsale M, Bahammou D, Fouillen L, Mongrand S, Joubès J, Domergue F. Biosynthesis and Functions of Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acids in the Responses of Plants to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses. Cells 2021; 10:1284. [PMID: 34064239 PMCID: PMC8224384 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Very-long-chain fatty acids (i.e., fatty acids with more than 18 carbon atoms; VLCFA) are important molecules that play crucial physiological and structural roles in plants. VLCFA are specifically present in several membrane lipids and essential for membrane homeostasis. Their specific accumulation in the sphingolipids of the plasma membrane outer leaflet is of primordial importance for its correct functioning in intercellular communication. VLCFA are found in phospholipids, notably in phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine, where they could play a role in membrane domain organization and interleaflet coupling. In epidermal cells, VLCFA are precursors of the cuticular waxes of the plant cuticle, which are of primary importance for many interactions of the plant with its surrounding environment. VLCFA are also major components of the root suberin barrier, which has been shown to be fundamental for nutrient homeostasis and plant adaptation to adverse conditions. Finally, some plants store VLCFA in the triacylglycerols of their seeds so that they later play a pivotal role in seed germination. In this review, taking advantage of the many studies conducted using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model, we present our current knowledge on the biosynthesis and regulation of VLCFA in plants, and on the various functions that VLCFA and their derivatives play in the interactions of plants with their abiotic and biotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Frédéric Domergue
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR 5200, F-33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France; (M.B.); (D.B.); (L.F.); (S.M.); (J.J.)
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81
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De Coninck T, Gistelinck K, Janse van Rensburg HC, Van den Ende W, Van Damme EJM. Sweet Modifications Modulate Plant Development. Biomolecules 2021; 11:756. [PMID: 34070047 PMCID: PMC8158104 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant development represents a continuous process in which the plant undergoes morphological, (epi)genetic and metabolic changes. Starting from pollination, seed maturation and germination, the plant continues to grow and develops specialized organs to survive, thrive and generate offspring. The development of plants and the interplay with its environment are highly linked to glycosylation of proteins and lipids as well as metabolism and signaling of sugars. Although the involvement of these protein modifications and sugars is well-studied, there is still a long road ahead to profoundly comprehend their nature, significance, importance for plant development and the interplay with stress responses. This review, approached from the plants' perspective, aims to focus on some key findings highlighting the importance of glycosylation and sugar signaling for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibo De Coninck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Koen Gistelinck
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
| | - Henry C. Janse van Rensburg
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.J.v.R.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; (H.C.J.v.R.); (W.V.d.E.)
| | - Els J. M. Van Damme
- Laboratory of Glycobiology & Biochemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (T.D.C.); (K.G.)
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82
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Fratini M, Krishnamoorthy P, Stenzel I, Riechmann M, Matzner M, Bacia K, Heilmann M, Heilmann I. Plasma membrane nano-organization specifies phosphoinositide effects on Rho-GTPases and actin dynamics in tobacco pollen tubes. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:642-670. [PMID: 33955493 PMCID: PMC8136918 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth requires coordination of cytoskeletal dynamics and apical secretion. The regulatory phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) is enriched in the subapical plasma membrane of pollen tubes of Arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and can influence both actin dynamics and secretion. How alternative PtdIns(4,5)P2 effects are specified is unclear. In tobacco pollen tubes, spinning disc microscopy (SD) reveals dual distribution of a fluorescent PtdIns(4,5)P2-reporter in dynamic plasma membrane nanodomains vs. apparent diffuse membrane labeling, consistent with spatially distinct coexisting pools of PtdIns(4,5)P2. Several PI4P 5-kinases (PIP5Ks) can generate PtdIns(4,5)P2 in pollen tubes. Despite localizing to one membrane region, the PIP5Ks AtPIP5K2-EYFP and NtPIP5K6-EYFP display distinctive overexpression effects on cell morphologies, respectively related to altered actin dynamics or membrane trafficking. When analyzed by SD, AtPIP5K2-EYFP associated with nanodomains, whereas NtPIP5K6-EYFP localized diffusely. Chimeric AtPIP5K2-EYFP and NtPIP5K6-EYFP variants with reciprocally swapped membrane-associating domains evoked reciprocally shifted effects on cell morphology upon overexpression. Overall, active PI4P 5-kinase variants stabilized actin when targeted to nanodomains, suggesting a role of nanodomain-associated PtdIns(4,5)P2 in actin regulation. This notion is further supported by interaction and proximity of nanodomain-associated AtPIP5K2 with the Rho-GTPase NtRac5, and by its functional interplay with elements of Rho of plants signaling. Plasma membrane nano-organization may thus aid the specification of PtdIns(4,5)P2 functions to coordinate cytoskeletal dynamics and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fratini
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Praveen Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Irene Stenzel
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mara Riechmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Monique Matzner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kirsten Bacia
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mareike Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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83
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Shishkina LN, Mazaletskaya LI, Smirnova AN, Shvydkiy VO. Inhibitory Efficiency of the Lipid Component of Plant Objects Depending on the Polarity of the Eluent. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350921030179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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84
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Dubois GA, Jaillais Y. Anionic phospholipid gradients: an uncharacterized frontier of the plant endomembrane network. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:577-592. [PMID: 33793905 PMCID: PMC8133617 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Anionic phospholipids include phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and its phosphorylated derivatives the phosphoinositides (e.g. phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI4P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]). Although anionic phospholipids are low-abundant lipids, they are particularly important for membrane functions. In particular, anionic lipids act as biochemical and biophysical landmarks that contribute to the establishment of membrane identity, signaling activities, and compartment morphodynamics. Each anionic lipid accumulates in different endomembranes according to a unique subcellular pattern, where they locally provide docking platforms for proteins. As such, they are mostly believed to act in the compartments in which they accumulate. However, mounting evidence throughout eukaryotes suggests that anionic lipids are not as compartment-specific as initially thought and that they are instead organized as concentration gradients across different organelles. In this update, we review the evidence for the existence of anionic lipid gradients in plants. We then discuss the possible implication of these gradients in lipid dynamics and homeostasis, and also in coordinating subcellular activities. Finally, we introduce the notion that anionic lipid gradients at the cellular scale may translate into gradients at the tissue level, which could have implications for plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwennogan A Dubois
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
| | - Yvon Jaillais
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes, Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, F-69342, Lyon, France
- Author for communication:
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85
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Rawat N, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Membrane dynamics during individual and combined abiotic stresses in plants and tools to study the same. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 171:653-676. [PMID: 32949408 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The plasma membrane (PM) is possibly the most diverse biological membrane of plant cells; it separates and guards the cell against its external environment. It has an extremely complex structure comprising a mosaic of lipids and proteins. The PM lipids are responsible for maintaining fluidity, permeability and integrity of the membrane and also influence the functioning of membrane proteins. However, the PM is the primary target of environmental stress, which affects its composition, conformation and properties, thereby disturbing the cellular homeostasis. Maintenance of integrity and fluidity of the PM is a prerequisite for ensuring the survival of plants during adverse environmental conditions. The ability of plants to remodel membrane lipid and protein composition plays a crucial role in adaptation towards varying abiotic environmental cues, including high or low temperature, drought, salinity and heavy metals stress. The dynamic changes in lipid composition affect the functioning of membrane transporters and ultimately regulate the physical properties of the membrane. Plant membrane-transport systems play a significant role in stress adaptation by cooperating with the membrane lipidome to maintain the membrane integrity under stressful conditions. The present review provides a holistic view of stress responses and adaptations in plants, especially the changes in the lipidome and proteome of PM under individual or combined abiotic stresses, which cause alterations in the activity of membrane transporters and modifies the fluidity of the PM. The tools to study the varying lipidome and proteome of the PM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Rawat
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Biophysical analysis of the plant-specific GIPC sphingolipids reveals multiple modes of membrane regulation. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100602. [PMID: 33785359 PMCID: PMC8099651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant plasma membrane (PM) is an essential barrier between the cell and the external environment, controlling signal perception and transmission. It consists of an asymmetrical lipid bilayer made up of three different lipid classes: sphingolipids, sterols, and phospholipids. The glycosyl inositol phosphoryl ceramides (GIPCs), representing up to 40% of total sphingolipids, are assumed to be almost exclusively in the outer leaflet of the PM. However, their biological role and properties are poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the role of GIPCs in membrane organization. Because GIPCs are not commercially available, we developed a protocol to extract and isolate GIPC-enriched fractions from eudicots (cauliflower and tobacco) and monocots (leek and rice). Lipidomic analysis confirmed the presence of trihydroxylated long chain bases and 2-hydroxylated very long-chain fatty acids up to 26 carbon atoms. The glycan head groups of the GIPCs from monocots and dicots were analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry, revealing different sugar moieties. Multiple biophysics tools, namely Langmuir monolayer, ζ-Potential, light scattering, neutron reflectivity, solid state 2H-NMR, and molecular modeling, were used to investigate the physical properties of the GIPCs, as well as their interaction with free and conjugated phytosterols. We showed that GIPCs increase the thickness and electronegativity of model membranes, interact differentially with the different phytosterols species, and regulate the gel-to-fluid phase transition during temperature variations. These results unveil the multiple roles played by GIPCs in the plant PM.
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87
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Acyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Desaturases and Plant Biotic Interactions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030674. [PMID: 33803674 PMCID: PMC8002970 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between land plants and other organisms such as pathogens, pollinators, or symbionts usually involve a variety of specialized effectors participating in complex cross-talks between organisms. Fatty acids and their lipid derivatives play important roles in these biological interactions. While the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding acyl–acyl carrier protein (ACP) desaturases appears to be largely responsive to biotic stress, the different monounsaturated fatty acids produced by these enzymes were shown to take active part in plant biotic interactions and were assigned with specific functions intrinsically linked to the position of the carbon–carbon double bond within their acyl chain. For example, oleic acid, an omega-9 monounsaturated fatty acid produced by Δ9-stearoyl–ACP desaturases, participates in signal transduction pathways affecting plant immunity against pathogen infection. Myristoleic acid, an omega-5 monounsaturated fatty acid produced by Δ9-myristoyl–ACP desaturases, serves as a precursor for the biosynthesis of omega-5 anacardic acids that are active biocides against pests. Finally, different types of monounsaturated fatty acids synthesized in the labellum of orchids are used for the production of a variety of alkenes participating in the chemistry of sexual deception, hence favoring plant pollination by hymenopterans.
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88
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Rodas-Junco BA, Racagni-Di-Palma GE, Canul-Chan M, Usorach J, Hernández-Sotomayor SMT. Link between Lipid Second Messengers and Osmotic Stress in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2658. [PMID: 33800808 PMCID: PMC7961891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants are subject to different types of stress, which consequently affect their growth and development. They have developed mechanisms for recognizing and processing an extracellular signal. Second messengers are transient molecules that modulate the physiological responses in plant cells under stress conditions. In this sense, it has been shown in various plant models that membrane lipids are substrates for the generation of second lipid messengers such as phosphoinositide, phosphatidic acid, sphingolipids, and lysophospholipids. In recent years, research on lipid second messengers has been moving toward using genetic and molecular approaches to reveal the molecular setting in which these molecules act in response to osmotic stress. In this sense, these studies have established that second messengers can transiently recruit target proteins to the membrane and, therefore, affect protein conformation, activity, and gene expression. This review summarizes recent advances in responses related to the link between lipid second messengers and osmotic stress in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz A. Rodas-Junco
- CONACYT—Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Campus de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615 Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, C.P. 97203 Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Michel Canul-Chan
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Prolongación de Avenida Oriente 6 Num. 1009, Rafael Alvarado, C.P. 94340 Orizaba, Mexico;
| | - Javier Usorach
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205 Mérida, Mexico;
| | - S. M. Teresa Hernández-Sotomayor
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, C.P. 97205 Mérida, Mexico;
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89
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Kim SH, Lahlali R, Karunakaran C, Vujanovic V. Specific Mycoparasite- Fusarium Graminearum Molecular Signatures in Germinating Seeds Disabled Fusarium Head Blight Pathogen's Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052461. [PMID: 33671098 PMCID: PMC7957488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in Infrared (IR) spectroscopies have entered a new era of research with applications in phytobiome, plant microbiome and health. Fusarium graminearum 3-ADON is the most aggressive mycotoxigenic chemotype causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in cereals; while Sphaerodes mycoparasitica is the specific Fusarium mycoparasite with biotrophic lifestyle discovered in cereal seeds and roots. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses depicted shifts in the spectral peaks related to mycoparasitism mainly within the region of proteins, lipids, also indicating a link between carbohydrates and protein regions, involving potential phenolic compounds. Especially, S. mycoparasitica contributes to significant changes in lipid region 3050–2800 cm−1, while in the protein region, an increasing trend was observed for the peaks 1655–1638 cm−1 (amide I) and 1549–1548 cm−1 (amide II) with changes in indicative protein secondary structures. Besides, the peak extending on the region 1520–1500 cm−1 insinuates a presence of aromatic compounds in presence of mycoparasite on the F. graminearum root sample. Monitoring shift in improved seed germination, fungus-fungus interface through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and FTIR molecular signatures combined with principal component analysis (PCA) proved useful tools to detect an early mycoparasitism as a vital asset of the preventive biocontrol strategy against plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Hwa Kim
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (R.L.); (C.K.)
- Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, BP/S 40, Meknès 50001, Morocco
| | - Chithra Karunakaran
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Blvd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada; (R.L.); (C.K.)
| | - Vladimir Vujanovic
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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90
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Aden S, Snoj T, Anderluh G. The use of giant unilamellar vesicles to study functional properties of pore-forming toxins. Methods Enzymol 2021; 649:219-251. [PMID: 33712188 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) act upon lipid membranes and appropriate model systems are of great importance in researching these proteins. Giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are an excellent model membrane system to study interactions between lipids and proteins. Their main advantage is the size comparable to cells, which means that GUVs can be observed directly under the light microscope. Many PFTs properties can be studied by using GUVs, such as binding specificity, membrane reorganization upon protein binding and oligomerization, pore properties and mechanism of pore formation. GUVs also represent a good model for biotechnological approaches, e.g., in applications in synthetic biology and medicine. Each research area has its own demands for GUVs properties, so several different approaches for GUVs preparations have been developed and will be discussed in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Aden
- Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Snoj
- Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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91
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Völz R, Park JY, Harris W, Hwang S, Lee YH. Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine primes the plant immune system and promotes basal resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens. BMC Biotechnol 2021; 21:12. [PMID: 33536000 PMCID: PMC7856808 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00661-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) is a natural phospholipid that functions in the early stages of plant senescence. Plant innate immunity and early leaf senescence share molecular components. To reveal conserved mechanisms that link-up both processes, we tried to unravel to what extent LPE coordinates defense response and by what mode of action. Result We found that LPE-treatment induces signaling and biosynthesis gene expression of the defensive hormone salicylic acid (SA). However, jasmonic acid and ethylene triggered gene induction levels are indistinguishable from the control. In accordance with gene induction for SA, oxidative stress, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, we detected raised in-situ hydrogen peroxide levels following LPE-application. Yet, ROS-burst assays of LPE-pretreated plants revealed a reduced release of ROS after PAMP-administration suggesting that LPE interferes with an oxidative burst. Our data refer to a priming effect of LPE on SA/ROS-associated genomic loci that encode pivotal factors in early senescence and considerably improve plant basal immunity. Thus, we challenged Arabidopsis thaliana with the hemibiotrophic pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Consistently, we found an increased resistance in the LPE-pretreated Arabidopsis plants compared to the mock-pretreated control. Conclusions Our results underscore a beneficial effect of LPE on plant innate immunity against hemibiotrophs. Given the resistance-promoting effect of exogenously applied LPE, this bio-agent bears the potential of being applied as a valuable tool for the genetic activation of defense-associated traits. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12896-020-00661-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Völz
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Ju-Young Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - William Harris
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | | | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Plant Immunity Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea. .,Center for Fungal Genetic Resources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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92
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De Vriese K, Pollier J, Goossens A, Beeckman T, Vanneste S. Dissecting cholesterol and phytosterol biosynthesis via mutants and inhibitors. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:241-253. [PMID: 32929492 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plants stand out among eukaryotes due to the large variety of sterols and sterol derivatives that they can produce. These metabolites not only serve as critical determinants of membrane structures, but also act as signaling molecules, as growth-regulating hormones, or as modulators of enzyme activities. Therefore, it is critical to understand the wiring of the biosynthetic pathways by which plants generate these distinct sterols, to allow their manipulation and to dissect their precise physiological roles. Here, we review the complexity and variation of the biosynthetic routes of the most abundant phytosterols and cholesterol in the green lineage and how different enzymes in these pathways are conserved and diverged from humans, yeast, and even bacteria. Many enzymatic steps show a deep evolutionary conservation, while others are executed by completely different enzymes. This has important implications for the use and specificity of available human and yeast sterol biosynthesis inhibitors in plants, and argues for the development of plant-tailored inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjell De Vriese
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jacob Pollier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Metabolomics Core, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Vanneste
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Plant Growth Analysis, Ghent University Global Campus, Songdomunhwa-Ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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93
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Resemann HC, Herrfurth C, Feussner K, Hornung E, Ostendorf AK, Gömann J, Mittag J, van Gessel N, Vries JD, Ludwig-Müller J, Markham J, Reski R, Feussner I. Convergence of sphingolipid desaturation across over 500 million years of plant evolution. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:219-232. [PMID: 33495556 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
For plants, acclimation to low temperatures is fundamental to survival. This process involves the modification of lipids to maintain membrane fluidity. We previously identified a new cold-induced putative desaturase in Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens. Lipid profiles of null mutants of this gene lack sphingolipids containing monounsaturated C24 fatty acids, classifying the new protein as sphingolipid fatty acid denaturase (PpSFD). PpSFD mutants showed a cold-sensitive phenotype as well as higher susceptibility to the oomycete Pythium, assigning functions in stress tolerance for PpSFD. Ectopic expression of PpSFD in the Atads2.1 (acyl coenzyme A desaturase-like 2) Arabidopsis thaliana mutant functionally complemented its cold-sensitive phenotype. While these two enzymes catalyse a similar reaction, their evolutionary origin is clearly different since AtADS2 is a methyl-end desaturase whereas PpSFD is a cytochrome b5 fusion desaturase. Altogether, we suggest that adjustment of membrane fluidity evolved independently in mosses and seed plants, which diverged more than 500 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanno Christoph Resemann
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Kirstin Feussner
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Goettingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Hornung
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anna K Ostendorf
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin Gömann
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Mittag
- Institute of Botany, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nico van Gessel
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Applied Bioinformatics, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Markham
- Center for Plant Science Innovation and Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
- Goettingen Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
- Plant Biochemistry, Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.
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94
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Wang M, Li P, Ma Y, Nie X, Grebe M, Men S. Membrane Sterol Composition in Arabidopsis thaliana Affects Root Elongation via Auxin Biosynthesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22010437. [PMID: 33406774 PMCID: PMC7794993 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant membrane sterol composition has been reported to affect growth and gravitropism via polar auxin transport and auxin signaling. However, as to whether sterols influence auxin biosynthesis has received little attention. Here, by using the sterol biosynthesis mutant cyclopropylsterol isomerase1-1 (cpi1-1) and sterol application, we reveal that cycloeucalenol, a CPI1 substrate, and sitosterol, an end-product of sterol biosynthesis, antagonistically affect auxin biosynthesis. The short root phenotype of cpi1-1 was associated with a markedly enhanced auxin response in the root tip. Both were neither suppressed by mutations in polar auxin transport (PAT) proteins nor by treatment with a PAT inhibitor and responded to an auxin signaling inhibitor. However, expression of several auxin biosynthesis genes TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS1 (TAA1) was upregulated in cpi1-1. Functionally, TAA1 mutation reduced the auxin response in cpi1-1 and partially rescued its short root phenotype. In support of this genetic evidence, application of cycloeucalenol upregulated expression of the auxin responsive reporter DR5:GUS (β-glucuronidase) and of several auxin biosynthesis genes, while sitosterol repressed their expression. Hence, our combined genetic, pharmacological, and sterol application studies reveal a hitherto unexplored sterol-dependent modulation of auxin biosynthesis during Arabidopsis root elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
| | - Panpan Li
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
| | - Yao Ma
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
| | - Xiang Nie
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
| | - Markus Grebe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Plant Physiology, University of Potsdam, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany;
| | - Shuzhen Men
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Tianjin 300071, China; (M.W.); (P.L.); (Y.M.); (X.N.)
- Correspondence:
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95
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Ke M, Ma Z, Wang D, Sun Y, Wen C, Huang D, Chen Z, Yang L, Tan S, Li R, Friml J, Miao Y, Chen X. Salicylic acid regulates PIN2 auxin transporter hyperclustering and root gravitropic growth via Remorin-dependent lipid nanodomain organisation in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:963-978. [PMID: 32901934 PMCID: PMC7821329 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
To adapt to the diverse array of biotic and abiotic cues, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense changes in environmental conditions and modulate their growth. Growth-promoting hormones and defence signalling fine tune plant development antagonistically. During host-pathogen interactions, this defence-growth trade-off is mediated by the counteractive effects of the defence hormone salicylic acid (SA) and the growth hormone auxin. Here we revealed an underlying mechanism of SA regulating auxin signalling by constraining the plasma membrane dynamics of PIN2 auxin efflux transporter in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. The lateral diffusion of PIN2 proteins is constrained by SA signalling, during which PIN2 proteins are condensed into hyperclusters depending on REM1.2-mediated nanodomain compartmentalisation. Furthermore, membrane nanodomain compartmentalisation by SA or Remorin (REM) assembly significantly suppressed clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Consequently, SA-induced heterogeneous surface condensation disrupted asymmetric auxin distribution and the resultant gravitropic response. Our results demonstrated a defence-growth trade-off mechanism by which SA signalling crosstalked with auxin transport by concentrating membrane-resident PIN2 into heterogeneous compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Ke
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Zhiming Ma
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Deyan Wang
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Yanbiao Sun
- College of Life Science and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems BiologyFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Chenjin Wen
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Dingquan Huang
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Zichen Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Shutang Tan
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Am Campus 1Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | - Ruixi Li
- Department of BiologySouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria (IST Austria)Am Campus 1Klosterneuburg3400Austria
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637551Singapore
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and TechnologyHorticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CentreFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou350002China
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96
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Montag K, Hornbergs J, Ivanov R, Bauer P. Phylogenetic analysis of plant multi-domain SEC14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins and structure-function properties of PATELLIN2. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:665-678. [PMID: 32915352 PMCID: PMC7674337 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
SEC14L-PITPs guide membrane recognition and signaling. An increasingly complex modular structure of SEC14L-PITPs evolved in land plants compared to green algae. SEC14/CRAL-TRIO and GOLD domains govern membrane binding specificity. SEC14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins (SEC14L-PITPs) provide cues for membrane identity by exchanging lipophilic substrates, ultimately governing membrane signaling. Flowering plant SEC14L-PITPs often have modular structure and are associated with cell division, development, and stress responses. Yet, structure-function relationships for biochemical-cellular interactions of SEC14L-PITPs are rather enigmatic. Here, we evaluate the phylogenetic relationships of the SEC14L-PITP superfamily in the green lineage. Compared to green algae, land plants have an extended set of SEC14L-PITPs with increasingly complex modular structure. SEC14-GOLD PITPs, present in land plants but not Chara, diverged to three functional subgroups, represented by the six PATELLIN (PATL) proteins in Arabidopsis. Based on the example of Arabidopsis PATL2, we dissect the functional domains for in vitro binding to phosphoinositides and liposomes and for plant cell membrane association. While the SEC14 domain and its CRAL-TRIO-N-terminal extension serve general membrane attachment of the protein, the C-terminal GOLD domain directs it to the plasma membrane by recognizing specific phosphoinositides. We discuss that the different domains of SEC14L-PITPs integrate developmental and environmental signals to control SEC14L-PITP-mediated membrane identity, important to initiate dynamic membrane events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolin Montag
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jannik Hornbergs
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rumen Ivanov
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Petra Bauer
- Institute of Botany, Heinrich Heine University, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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97
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Abstract
The paper focuses on the selected plant lipid issues. Classification, nomenclature, and abundance of fatty acids was discussed. Then, classification, composition, role, and organization of lipids were displayed. The involvement of lipids in xantophyll cycle and glycerolipids synthesis (as the most abundant of all lipid classes) were also discussed. Moreover, in order to better understand the biomembranes remodeling, the model (artificial) membranes, mimicking the naturally occurring membranes are employed and the survey on their composition and application in different kind of research was performed. High level of lipids remodeling in the plant membranes under different environmental conditions, e.g., nutrient deficiency, temperature stress, salinity or drought was proved. The key advantage of lipid research was the conclusion that lipids could serve as the markers of plant physiological condition and the detailed knowledge on lipids chemistry will allow to modify their composition for industrial needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Reszczyńska
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
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98
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Tsai YT, Moore W, Kim H, Budin I. Bringing rafts to life: Lessons learned from lipid organization across diverse biological membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 2020; 233:104984. [PMID: 33203526 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2020.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability of lipids to drive lateral organization is a remarkable feature of membranes and has been hypothesized to underlie the architecture of cells. Models for lipid rafts and related domains were originally based on the mammalian plasma membrane, but the nature of heterogeneity in this system is still not fully resolved. However, the concept of lipid-driven organization has been highly influential across biology, and has led to discoveries in organisms that feature a diversity of lipid chemistries and physiological needs. Here we review several emerging and instructive cases of membrane organization in non-mammalian systems. In bacteria, several types of membrane domains that act in metabolism and signaling have been elucidated. These widen our view of what constitutes a raft, but also introduce new questions about the relationship between organization and function. In yeast, observable membrane organization is found in both the plasma membrane and the vacuole. The latter serves as the best example of classic membrane phase partitioning in a living system to date, suggesting that internal organelles are important membranes to investigate across eukaryotes. Finally, we highlight plants as powerful model systems for complex membrane interactions in multicellular organisms. Plant membranes are organized by unique glycosphingolipids, supporting the importance of carbohydrate interactions in organizing lateral domains. These examples demonstrate that membrane organization is a potentially universal phenonenon in biology and argue for the continued broadening of lipid physical chemistry research into a wide range of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - William Moore
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Hyesoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Itay Budin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
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99
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Offler CE, Patrick JW. Transfer cells: what regulates the development of their intricate wall labyrinths? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:427-444. [PMID: 32463520 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transfer cells (TCs) support high nutrient rates into, or at symplasmic discontinuities within, the plant body. Their transport capacity is conferred by an amplified plasma membrane surface area, enriched in nutrient transporters, supported on an intricately invaginated wall labyrinth (WL). Thus, development of the WL is at the heart of TC function. Enquiry has shifted from describing WL architecture and formation to discovering mechanisms regulating WL assembly. Experimental systems used to examine these phenomena are critiqued. Considerable progress has been made in identifying master regulators that commit stem cells to a TC fate (e.g. the maize Myeloblastosis (MYB)-related R1-type transcription factor) and signals that induce differentiated cells to undergo trans-differentiation to a TC phenotype (e.g. sugar, auxin and ethylene). In addition, signals that provide positional information for assembly of the WL include apoplasmic hydrogen peroxide and cytosolic Ca2+ plumes. The former switches on, and specifies the intracellular site for WL construction, while the latter creates subdomains to direct assembly of WL invaginations. Less is known about macromolecule species and their spatial organization essential for WL assembly. Emerging evidence points to a dependency on methyl-esterified homogalacturonan accumulation, unique patterns of cellulose and callose deposition and spatial positioning of arabinogalactan proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Offler
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - John W Patrick
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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100
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Champeyroux C, Stoof C, Rodriguez-Villalon A. Signaling phospholipids in plant development: small couriers determining cell fate. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 57:61-71. [PMID: 32771964 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The survival of plants hinges on their ability to perceive various environmental stimuli and translate them into appropriate biochemical responses. Phospholipids, a class of membrane lipid compounds that are asymmetrically distributed within plant cells, stand out among signal transmitters for their diversity of mechanisms by which they modulate stress and developmental processes. By modifying the chemo-physical properties of the plasma membrane (PM) as well as vesicle trafficking, phospholipids contribute to changes in the protein membrane landscape, and hence, signaling responses. In this article, we review the distinct signaling mechanisms phospholipids are involved in, with a special focus on the nuclear role of these compounds. Additionally, we summarize exemplary developmental processes greatly influenced by phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Champeyroux
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Stoof
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antia Rodriguez-Villalon
- Group of Plant Vascular Development, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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