51
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Liu W, He S, Yang Y. Effect of stereocomplex crystal on foaming behavior and sintering of poly(lactic acid) bead foams. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering; Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang City PR China
- Key Laboratory of Light Metal Materials Processing Technology of Guizhou Province; Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang City PR China
| | - Shicheng He
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering; Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang City PR China
| | - Yujie Yang
- School of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering; Guizhou Institute of Technology; Guiyang City PR China
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52
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Poly (lactic acid) blends: Processing, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:307-360. [PMID: 30528997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is a commercial biobased, biodegradable, biocompatible, compostable and non-toxic polymer that has competitive material and processing costs and desirable mechanical properties. Thereby, it can be considered favorably for biomedical applications and as the most promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of commodity and engineering applications. However, PLA has some significant shortcomings such as low melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, high brittleness, low toughness, and low service temperature, which limit its applications. To overcome these limitations, blending PLA with other polymers is an inexpensive approach that could also tailor the final properties of PLA-based products. During the last two decades, researchers investigated the synthesis, processing, properties, and development of various PLA-based blend systems including miscible blends of poly l-lactide (PLLA) and poly d-lactide (PDLA), which generate stereocomplex crystals, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics, multifunctional ternary blends using a third polymer or fillers such as nanoparticles, as well as PLA-based blend foam systems. This article reviews all these investigations and compares the syntheses/processing-morphology-properties interrelationships in PLA-based blends developed so far for various applications.
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53
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Standau T, Hädelt B, Schreier P, Altstädt V. Development of a Bead Foam from an Engineering Polymer with Addition of Chain Extender: Expanded Polybutylene Terephthalate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b04799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Standau
- Lehrstuhl für Polymere Werkstoffe, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bianca Hädelt
- Lehrstuhl für Polymere Werkstoffe, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Peter Schreier
- Neue Materialien Bayreuth GmbH, Gottlieb-Keim-Straße 60, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Lehrstuhl für Polymere Werkstoffe, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Neue Materialien Bayreuth GmbH, Gottlieb-Keim-Straße 60, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
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54
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Yang C, Xing Z, Wang M, Zhao Q, Wang M, Zhang M, Wu G. Better scCO 2 Foaming of Polypropylene via Earlier Crystallization with the Addition of Composite Nucleating Agent. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Minglei Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Maojiang Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
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55
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Li B, Zhao G, Wang G, Zhang L, Gong J. Fabrication of high-expansion microcellular PLA foams based on pre-isothermal cold crystallization and supercritical CO2 foaming. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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56
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Barmouz M, Hossein Behravesh A. Foaming and thermal characteristics of bio-based polylactic acid–thermoplastic polyurethane blends. J CELL PLAST 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x18793841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a research work on characterization of foamed biocompatible polylactic acid–thermoplastic polyurethane blends in terms of microstructural, thermal, and physical properties. The brittleness of the polylactic acid is compensated via blending with an elastoplastic phase of thermoplastic polyurethane. A range of low bulk density foam with a high cell density was produced in a solid state foaming process. Addition of thermoplastic polyurethane phase acted against the cell growth and thus foam expansion, apparently due to its inherent lower storage modulus, which weakens the polymer matrix and leads to gas escape phenomenon. Evaluation of thermal properties showed a tangible effect of blending and foaming process on crystallization of the specimens, which confirmed that the sensitivity of polylactic acid’s crystallinity to CO2 gas saturation was reduced as a result of thermoplastic polyurethane addition. Measurement of cell diameters and cell densities of the foamed samples demonstrated formation of the fine closed cells structure as a result of suitable foaming parameters that were able to deal with stiffness and strength of the polymeric matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Barmouz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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57
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Xu LQ, Zhao YQ. Preparation, Foaming and Characterization of Poly(l-lactic acid))/Poly(d-lactic acid)-Grafted Graphite Oxide Blends. INT POLYM PROC 2018. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Commercial poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) was blended with different contents of graphene oxide-graft-poly(d-lactic acid) (GO-g-PDLA), which was synthesized via ring-opening polymerization using modified GO as initiator. PLLA and PLLA/GO-g-PDLA blend foams were prepared in a batch process via varying-temperature mode using supercritical carbon dioxide as physical foaming agent. The results showed that the addition of GO-g-PDLA in PLLA leads to the formation of stereocomplex (sc)-crystallites. Increase in the GO-g-PDLA content enhances the IR absorption, diffraction peak and melting peak corresponding to the sc-crystallites. The addition of GO-g-PDLA to PLLA leads to the decrease of the cell diameter, increase of the cell density and to a little change in expansion ratio, which is attributed to the fact that the enhancement of PLLA crystallization restricts cell growth and GO-g-PDLA acts as nucleation point.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Q. Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education , South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong , PRC
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering , Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang , PRC
| | - Y. Q. Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education , South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong , PRC
- Ningbo Key Lab of Polymer Materials , Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang , PRC
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58
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Gong P, Zhai S, Lee R, Zhao C, Buahom P, Li G, Park CB. Environmentally Friendly Polylactic Acid-Based Thermal Insulation Foams Blown with Supercritical CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengjian Gong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Shuo Zhai
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Richard Lee
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chongxiang Zhao
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Piyapong Buahom
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 24 Yihuan Road, Nanyiduan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chul B. Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King’s College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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59
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Zhao D, Wang G, Wang M. Investigation of the effect of foaming process parameters on expanded thermoplastic polyurethane bead foams properties using response surface methodology. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Guojian Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tongji University; Shanghai 201804 China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials; Ministry of Education; Shanghai 201804 China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai 201800 China
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60
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Xu Y, Zhang S, Peng X, Wang J. Fabrication and mechanism of poly(butylene succinate) urethane ionomer microcellular foams with high thermal insulation and compressive feature. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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61
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Yang C, Xing Z, Wang M, Zhao Q, Wu G. Merits of the Addition of PTFE Micropowder in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Foaming of Polypropylene: Ultrahigh Cell Density, High Tensile Strength, and Good Sound Insulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road
2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China
- School
of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 200031, China
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62
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Wang X, Mi J, Wang J, Zhou H, Wang X. Multiple actions of poly(ethylene octene) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate on the performance of poly(lactic acid). RSC Adv 2018; 8:34418-34427. [PMID: 35548650 PMCID: PMC9087122 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ethylene octene) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (POE-g-GMA) was employed to improve the rheological and thermal properties, toughness, and foaming behaviors of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) through a chain extension effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
| | - Jianguo Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic–Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Applied Chemistry Department
- Yuncheng University
- Yuncheng 044000
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
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63
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Yang C, Xing Z, Zhang M, Zhao Q, Wang M, Wu G. Supercritical CO2 foaming of radiation crosslinked polypropylene/high-density polyethylene blend: Cell structure and tensile property. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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64
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Role of high-density polyethylene in the crystallization behaviors, rheological property, and supercritical CO2 foaming of poly (lactic acid). Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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65
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Steam-chest molding of expanded thermoplastic polyurethane bead foams and their mechanical properties. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2017.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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66
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Tabatabaei A, Park CB. In-situ visualization of PLA crystallization and crystal effects on foaming in extrusion. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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67
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Yang C, Xing Z, Zhao Q, Wang M, Wu G. A strategy for the preparation of closed-cell and crosslinked polypropylene foam by supercritical CO2foaming. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
- University of China Academy of Sciences; Shijingshan Beijing 100049 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 200031 China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Quan Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Mouhua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Guozhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Jiading Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology; ShanghaiTech University; Shanghai 200031 China
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68
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Conductive network formation and destruction in polypropylene/carbon nanotube composites via crystal control using supercritical carbon dioxide. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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69
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Chen P, Wang W, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhou H, Wang X, Mi J. Crystallization-induced microcellular foaming of poly (lactic acid) with high volume expansion ratio. Polym Degrad Stab 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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70
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Li J, Liao X, Yang Q, Li G. Crystals in Situ Induced by Supercritical CO2 as Bubble Nucleation Sites on Spherulitic PLLA Foam Structure Controlling. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Li
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan, China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science
and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065 Sichuan, China
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71
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Wang Y, Song Y, Du J, Xi Z, Wang Q. Preparation of Desirable Porous Cell Structure Polylactide/Wood Flour Composite Foams Assisted by Chain Extender. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10090999. [PMID: 28846604 PMCID: PMC5615654 DOI: 10.3390/ma10090999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polylactide (PLA)/wood flour composite foam were prepared through a batch foaming process. The effect of the chain extender on the crystallization behavior and dynamic rheological properties of the PLA/wood flour composites were investigated as well as the crystal structure and cell morphology of the composite foams. The incorporation of the chain extender enhanced the complex viscosity and storage modulus of PLA/wood flour composites, indicating the improved melt elasticity. The chain extender also led to a decreased crystallization rate and final crystallinity of PLA/wood flour composites. With an increasing chain extender content, a finer and more uniform cell structure was formed, and the expansion ratio of PLA/wood flour composite foams was much higher than without the chain extender. Compared to the unfoamed composites, the crystallinity of the foamed PLA/wood flour composites was improved and the crystal was loosely packed. However, the new crystalline form was not evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yongming Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Jun Du
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Zhenhao Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Qingwen Wang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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72
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Tabatabaei A, Barzegari MR, Mark LH, Park CB. Visualization of polypropylene's strain-induced crystallization under the influence of supercritical CO2 in extrusion. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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73
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Tiwary P, Park CB, Kontopoulou M. Transition from microcellular to nanocellular PLA foams by controlling viscosity, branching and crystallization. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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74
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Nofar M, Tabatabaei A, Sojoudiasli H, Park C, Carreau P, Heuzey MC, Kamal M. Mechanical and bead foaming behavior of PLA-PBAT and PLA-PBSA blends with different morphologies. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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75
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Barzegari MR, Hossieny N, Jahani D, Park CB. Characterization of hard-segment crystalline phase of poly(ether- block -amide) (PEBAX ® ) thermoplastic elastomers in the presence of supercritical CO 2 and its impact on foams. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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76
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Xie XL, Sang ZH, Xu JZ, Zhong GJ, Li ZM, Ji X, Wang R, Xu L. Layer structure by shear-induced crystallization and thermal mechanical properties of injection-molded poly(l-lactide) with nucleating agents. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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77
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Li S, He G, Liao X, Park CB, Yang Q, Li G. Introduction of a long-chain branching structure by ultraviolet-induced reactive extrusion to improve cell morphology and processing properties of polylactide foam. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26457c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain branching structure introduced by UV-induced reactive extrusion could widen its foaming processing window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaojie Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Guangjian He
- The Key Laboratory of Polymer Processing Engineering of Ministry of Education
- National Engineering Research Center of Novel Equipment for Polymer Processing
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- China
| | - Xia Liao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Chul B. Park
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
| | - Guangxian Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
- China
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78
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Yang CG, Wang MH, Zhang MX, Li XH, Wang HL, Xing Z, Ye LF, Wu GZ. Supercritical CO₂ Foaming of Radiation Cross-Linked Isotactic Polypropylene in the Presence of TAIC. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121660. [PMID: 27941614 PMCID: PMC6273630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the maximum foaming temperature window is only about 4 °C for supercritical CO2 (scCO2) foaming of pristine polypropylene, it is important to raise the melt strength of polypropylene in order to more easily achieve scCO2 foaming. In this work, radiation cross-linked isotactic polypropylene, assisted by the addition of a polyfunctional monomer (triallylisocyanurate, TAIC), was employed in the scCO2 foaming process in order to understand the benefits of radiation cross-linking. Due to significantly enhanced melt strength and the decreased degree of crystallinity caused by cross-linking, the scCO2 foaming behavior of polypropylene was dramatically changed. The cell size distribution, cell diameter, cell density, volume expansion ratio, and foaming rate of radiation-cross-linked polypropylene under different foaming conditions were analyzed and compared. It was found that radiation cross-linking favors the foamability and formation of well-defined cell structures. The optimal absorbed dose with the addition of 2 wt % TAIC was 30 kGy. Additionally, the foaming temperature window was expanded to about 8 °C, making the handling of scCO2 foaming of isotactic polypropylene much easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Guang Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Mou-Hua Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Ming-Xing Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Xiao-Hu Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Hong-Long Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Zhe Xing
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Lin-Feng Ye
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Guo-Zhong Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jialuo Road 2019, Jiading, Shanghai 201800, China.
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Haike Road 100, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
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79
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Ren Q, Wang J, Zhai W, Lee RE. Fundamental Influences of Induced Crystallization and Phase Separation on the Foaming Behavior of Poly(lactic acid)/Polyethylene Glycol Blends Blown with Compressed CO2. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ren
- Ningbo
Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Ningbo
Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
| | - Wentao Zhai
- Ningbo
Key Lab of Polymer Materials, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315201, China
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80
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Alshrah M, Tran MP, Gong P, Naguib HE, Park CB. Development of high-porosity resorcinol formaldehyde aerogels with enhanced mechanical properties through improved particle necking under CO 2 supercritical conditions. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 485:65-74. [PMID: 27649092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new high porosity resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) aerogel with improved particle necking is presented in this work. This RF aerogel was developed under CO2 supercritical drying conditions without any structural shrinkage. The water content and the catalyst percentage were varied to modify the particles' nucleation and growth mechanisms and to control particle-particle connections. The nucleation mechanism solely dependent on the initial catalyst percentage; the number of nuclei increased with the catalyst percentage. However, the growth and connection of the particles dependent on both the water content and the catalyst percentage through their effect on the pH value. As the water content increased to have a larger void fraction, the pH value decreased. Consequently, the spherical growth of the particles became dominant and, thereby, the connection of the particles became more difficult. But as the catalyst percentage increased, the pH value increased, and the connection of the particles became facilitated with the formation of necks around the particles. As a result, the semi-fibril-like structure was developed with a high void fraction. A 30% increase in the structural elasticity and a very low thermal conductivity of 0.0249W/mK were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alshrah
- Microcellular Plastic Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Minh-Phuong Tran
- Microcellular Plastic Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Pengjian Gong
- Microcellular Plastic Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Smart and Adaptive Polymers & Composites Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastic Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada.
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81
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82
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Kong WL, Bao JB, Wang J, Hu GH, Xu Y, Zhao L. Preparation of open-cell polymer foams by CO2 assisted foaming of polymer blends. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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83
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Study of the bubble nucleation and growth mechanisms in high-pressure foam injection molding through in-situ visualization. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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84
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Lee RE, Guo Y, Tamber H, Planeta M, Leung SNS. Thermoforming of Polylactic Acid Foam Sheets: Crystallization Behaviors and Thermal Stability. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanting Guo
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Harinder Tamber
- Macro
Engineering
and Technology Inc., Mississauga, Ontario L4Z 2E5, Canada
| | - Mirek Planeta
- Macro
Engineering
and Technology Inc., Mississauga, Ontario L4Z 2E5, Canada
| | - Siu Ning Sunny Leung
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
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