51
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Wei P, Lei A, Zhou H, Hu Z, Wong Y, Tam NFY, Lu Q. Comparison of microbial community structure and function in sediment between natural regenerated and original mangrove forests in a National Nature Mangrove Reserve, South China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 163:111955. [PMID: 33453511 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove has been destroyed and reforestation is often undertaken, but whether a regenerated forest could restore its ecological function is not clear. This study compares microbial community structure and function in sediment of the 17-years old natural regenerated mangrove forest (Y17) with the original forest (Y74). No significant differences in phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles and microbial metabolism of most carbon substrates were found between these two forests. However, activities of dehydrogenase, protease, cellulase and phosphatase were lower in Y17 than Y74, and some specific microbial functions were also different. Both forests exhibited significant seasonal differences in enzyme activities and microbial characteristics, but such difference was larger in Y17 than Y74, indicating the regenerated forest was more sensitive to season. Correspondence analysis based on PLFA profiles and enzyme activities revealed the microbial community in Y17 was comparable to Y74, suggesting sediment microbial characteristics in natural regenerated mangroves could be restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Wei
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Anping Lei
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Haichao Zhou
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Futian-CityU Mangrove Research and Development Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Nora F Y Tam
- Open University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Qun Lu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, CAS, Shenzhen, China
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52
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Song B, Zeng Z, Zeng G, Gong J, Xiao R, Chen M, Tang X, Ye S, Shen M. Effects of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino functionalized carbon nanotubes on the functional diversity of microbial community in riverine sediment. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128053. [PMID: 33182130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, more and more attention is focused on the environmental harm brought by the wide production and use of carbon nanotubes. In this study, the metabolic function of sediment microbial community was investigated after unfunctionalized or functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were incorporated. The surface functional groups on the studied functionalized MWCNTs in this work were hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino, respectively. The metabolic functional diversity was determined by Biolog EcoPlates after one-month exposure to MWCNTs. Incorporating 0.5 wt% amino functionalized MWCNTs significantly decreased the microbial activity and diversity, and all types of MWCNTs caused great inhibition on the microbial metabolism at the dosage of 2.0 wt%. The sediment microbes preferred polymers and amino acids. Principal component and similarity analysis indicated that the microbial carbon metabolism was more affected by the MWCNT dosage compared with the functionalization, and 2.0 wt% amino functionalized MWCNTs made the greatest difference in metabolic function of sediment microbial community. These consequences may help to assess the environmental risks of MWCNTs from the aspect of ecological relevance of sediment microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Song
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Jilai Gong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, PR China.
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiang Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shujing Ye
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Maocai Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
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53
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Braissant O, Astasov-Frauenhoffer M, Waltimo T, Bonkat G. A Review of Methods to Determine Viability, Vitality, and Metabolic Rates in Microbiology. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:547458. [PMID: 33281753 PMCID: PMC7705206 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.547458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viability and metabolic assays are commonly used as proxies to assess the overall metabolism of microorganisms. The variety of these assays combined with little information provided by some assay kits or online protocols often leads to mistakes or poor interpretation of the results. In addition, the use of some of these assays is restricted to simple systems (mostly pure cultures), and care must be taken in their application to environmental samples. In this review, the necessary data are compiled to understand the reactions or measurements performed in many of the assays commonly used in various aspects of microbiology. Also, their relationships to each other, as metabolism links many of these assays, resulting in correlations between measured values and parameters, are discussed. Finally, the limitations of these assays are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Braissant
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Tuomas Waltimo
- Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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54
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Li S, Zhang H, Huang T, Ma B, Miao Y, Shi Y, Xu L, Liu K, Huang X. Aerobic denitrifying bacterial communities drive nitrate removal: Performance, metabolic activity, dynamics and interactions of core species. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 316:123922. [PMID: 32758920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Three novel mix-cultured aerobic denitrifying bacteria (Mix-CADB) consortia named D14, X21, and CL exhibited excellent total organic carbon (TOC) removal and aerobic denitrification capacities. The TOC and nitrate removal efficiencies were higher than 93.00% and 98.00%. The results of Biolog demonstrated that three communities displayed high carbon metabolic activity. nirS gene sequencing and ecological network model revealed that Pseudomonas stutzeri, Paracoccus sp., and Paracoccus denitrificans dominated in the D14, X21, and CL communities. The dynamics and co-existence of core species in communities drove the nutrient removal. Response surface methodology showed the predicted total nitrogen removal efficiency reached 99.43% for D14 community. The three Mix-CADB consortia have great potential for nitrogen-polluted aquatic water treatment because of their strong adaptability and removal performance. These results will provide new understanding of co-existence, interaction and dynamics of Mix-CADB consortia for nitrogen removal in nitrogen-polluted aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulin Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Tinglin Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Ben Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yutian Miao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yinjie Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Kaiwen Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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55
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Farkas É, Feigl V, Gruiz K, Vaszita E, Fekete-Kertész I, Tolner M, Kerekes I, Pusztai É, Kari A, Uzinger N, Rékási M, Kirchkeszner C, Molnár M. Long-term effects of grain husk and paper fibre sludge biochar on acidic and calcareous sandy soils - A scale-up field experiment applying a complex monitoring toolkit. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 731:138988. [PMID: 32438089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is produced from a wide range of organic materials by pyrolysis, specifically for improvement of poor quality soils. One of the main issues nowadays in studying biochar as soil amendment is to upscale experiments and move from short-term, laboratory conditions to long-term field trials. This paper presents a long-term field study, being the final step of a scale-up technology development, on grain husk and paper fibre sludge biochar application for soil improvement with focus on two degraded soil types of a temperate region. The effects of biochar on an acidic and a calcareous sandy agricultural soil were studied applying a complex approach including physico-chemical, biological and ecotoxicological methods. Our study demonstrated that the applied biochar had positive direct and indirect influences on the acidic sandy soil, but these effects were different in terms of extent and time. 30 t/ha biochar addition improved the pH of the acidic sandy soil by 24% and also increased significantly the nutrient concentrations (P2O5 by 68%, K2O by 11% and organic matter by 33%), and the water-holding capacity after 30 months. Furthermore, biochar addition improved also the microbiological activity and diversity in the acidic sandy soil. Biochar application did not induce any negative effects. Biochar had no toxic effect on the plants and the biochar-treated soil provided a more liveable habitat for soil living animals than the untreated acidic sandy soil. The favourable biochar-mediated influences on soil properties were manifested mainly in the acidic sandy soil, proving that the biochar-related advantages have to be verified for different soil types. The benefits of grain husk and paper fibre sludge biochar application in an acidic sandy soil were confirmed on the long term by the applied tiered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éva Farkas
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary.
| | - Viktória Feigl
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Katalin Gruiz
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Emese Vaszita
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Fekete-Kertész
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Mária Tolner
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Ivett Kerekes
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - Éva Pusztai
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Chemical and Environmental Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
| | - András Kari
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Microbiology, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Uzinger
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Herman Ottó street 15, Hungary
| | - Márk Rékási
- Institute for Soil Sciences and Agricultural Chemistry, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Budapest, Herman Ottó street 15, Hungary
| | - Csaba Kirchkeszner
- Eötvös Loránd University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Mónika Molnár
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 1111 Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 3, Hungary
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56
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Acin-Albiac M, Filannino P, Gobbetti M, Di Cagno R. Microbial high throughput phenomics: The potential of an irreplaceable omics. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2290-2299. [PMID: 32994888 PMCID: PMC7490730 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotype-genotype landscape is a projection coming from detailed phenotypic and genotypic data under environmental pressure. Although phenome of microbes or microbial consortia mirrors the functional expression of a genome or set of genomes, metabolic traits rely on the phenotype. Phenomics has the potential to revolution functional genomics. In this review, we discuss why and how phenomics was developed. We described how phenomics may extend our understanding of the assembly of microbial consortia and their functionality, and then we outlined the novel applications within the study of phenomes using Omnilog platform together with a revision of its current application to study lactic acid bacteria (LAB) metabolic traits during food processing. LAB were proposed as a suitable model system to analyze and discuss the implementation and exploitation of this emerging omics approach. We introduced the 'phenotype switching', as a new phenotype microarray approach to get insights in bacterial physiology. An overview of methodologies and tools to manage and analyze the generated data was provided. Finally, pro and cons of pipelines developed so far, including the most innovative ones were critically analyzed. We propose an R pipeline, recently deposited, which allows to automatically analyze Omnilog data integrating the latest approaches and implementing the new concepts described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Acin-Albiac
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Filannino
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Science, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Cagno
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
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57
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Lin JY, Kim M, Li D, Kim H, Huang CP. The removal of phosphate by thermally treated red mud from water: The effect of surface chemistry on phosphate immobilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125867. [PMID: 31972486 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated thermal treatment of red mud (RM) and its effect on phase composition, surface property, and sorption capacity exemplified by phosphate. Dehydration (∼600 °C), decomposition of carbonate minerals (700 °C-800 °C), and silicate/aluminate formation (900 °C-1000 °C) occurred upon thermal treatment of RM. Grain growth and vitrification that rendered initial morphology changes and decreased the specific surface area of RM from 26.5 to 4.1 m2/g when treated from 600 to 1000 °C, respectively. Surface acidity, i.e., intrinsic acidity constant and surface acidity density, decreased as well after thermal treatment at 600 °C due to burnouts of organics then increased upon further elevated-temperature treatment because of phase transformation. Thermal activation enhanced phosphate adsorption density (μmol/m2). Multilayer sorption aided by leached metal ions was responsible for phosphate immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yen Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul, 130-743, South Korea
| | - Chin-Pao Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, United States.
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58
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Liu X, Li C, Meng M, Zhai L, Zhang B, Jia Z, Gu Z, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Zhang J. Comparative effects of the recovery from sulfuric and nitric acid rain on the soil enzyme activities and metabolic functions of soil microbial communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 714:136788. [PMID: 31982766 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Acid rain (AR) is a serious issue in China, particularly in the Yangtze River Delta region where the economy has undergone rapid development. Over the last few years, the composition of acid rain in the Yangtze River Delta region has gradually changed from sulfuric acid rain (SAR) to nitric acid rain (NAR) due to controls on SO2 emissions, but increased NOx emissions. These changes have made ecosystems more complex. For this study, we halted AR treatments in Quercus acutissima forest plots that had received simulated AR for one year and monitored them from the following February to November. We investigated their soil resident enzyme and microbial metabolic activities, as well as community functional diversity. The results revealed that AR treatments negatively affected both the soil microbial activity and soil microbial community functional diversity; however, both managed to recover over time, once the AR treatments were stopped. During the AR treatment and recovery periods, four main categories (carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and polymers) were dominantly utilized. The utilization of pyruvic acid, which was affected by the AR treatments, as well as d-mannitol and tween 80, accounted for changes in the peak values of the C substrate groups during the AR treatment recovery period. Finally, changes in the activities of soil enzymes recorded following AR recovery, were closely related to the utilization of six C substrate groups. Our results suggested that the recovery of soils following the cessation of NAR stress was more rapid than from SAR. Further, that short-term NAR could be easily treated during the transformation from SAR to NAR in the Yangtze River Delta region. These results might also enrich the basic data relating to post-AR treatments on the soil environment, while having significance toward guiding further studies on the recovery of ecosystems from AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Chong Li
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Miaojing Meng
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Lu Zhai
- Earth and Environmental Science Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Zhaohui Jia
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zheyan Gu
- Jiangsu Surveying and Design Institute of Water Resources Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Long Pan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jinchi Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Restoration, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China.
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59
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Yang J, Zhang T, Zhang R, Huang Q, Li H. Long-term cover cropping seasonally affects soil microbial carbon metabolism in an apple orchard. Bioengineered 2019; 10:207-217. [PMID: 31169443 PMCID: PMC6592365 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2019.1622991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Groundcover management can significantly affect soil microbial metabolic activities, especially carbon metabolism, in apple orchards. However, there have been few studies on the effects of groundcover on the seasonality of soil microbial carbon metabolism. We, therefore, studied soil microbial carbon metabolism in an apple orchard on China's Loess Plateau under four single species cover crops (the grass Dactylis glomerata L., and the legumes Trifolium repens, Coronilla varia L., Lotus corniculatus L.) during spring, summer and fall. Cover cropping significantly, but differentially, promoted soil microbial carbon metabolism in spring and fall. However, cover cropping leads to a significant reduction of soil moisture in spring and summer due to the competition of soil moisture between the cover crops and apple trees, which probably lead to the changes in types of carbon substances metabolizing by soil microbes in summer. Besides, cover crop significantly enhanced soil organic carbon contents between three seasons while clean cultivation had slight, non-significant effects. The promotion of soil microbial metabolic activities was probably an important mechanism for the carbon accumulation, and we postulate that leguminous cover plants may have significantly different effects, mediated through their root exudates, from grasses on soil carbon contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tairan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongqin Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huike Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agro-Environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, China
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60
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Characterization and comprehensive analysis of the ecological interaction networks of bacterial communities in Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis by 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 35:182. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2758-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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61
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Mendes LW, de Chaves MG, Fonseca MDC, Mendes R, Raaijmakers JM, Tsai SM. Resistance Breeding of Common Bean Shapes the Physiology of the Rhizosphere Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2252. [PMID: 31632370 PMCID: PMC6779718 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomically diverse rhizosphere microbiome contributes to plant nutrition, growth and health, including protection against soil-borne pathogens. We previously showed that breeding for Fusarium-resistance in common bean changed the rhizosphere microbiome composition and functioning. Here, we assessed the impact of Fusarium-resistance breeding in common bean on microbiome physiology. Combined with metatranscriptome data, community-level physiological profiling by Biolog EcoPlate analyses revealed that the rhizosphere microbiome of the Fusarium-resistant accession was distinctly different from that of the Fusarium-susceptible accession, with higher consumption of amino acids and amines, higher metabolism of xylanase and sialidase, and higher expression of genes associated with nitrogen, phosphorus and iron metabolism. The resistome analysis indicates higher expression of soxR, which is involved in protecting bacteria against oxidative stress induced by a pathogen invasion. These results further support our hypothesis that breeding for resistance has unintentionally shaped the assembly and activity of the rhizobacterial community toward a higher abundance of specific rhizosphere competent bacterial taxa that can provide complementary protection against fungal root infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas William Mendes
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.,Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Gonçalves de Chaves
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Mariley de Cassia Fonseca
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | | | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Siu Mui Tsai
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture CENA, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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A Standardized Method for Estimating the Functional Diversity of Soil Bacterial Community by Biolog® EcoPlatesTM Assay—The Case Study of a Sustainable Olive Orchard. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9194035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Biolog® EcoPlates™ (Biolog Inc., Hayward, CA, USA) were developed to analyse the functional diversity of bacterial communities by means of measuring their ability to oxidize carbon substrates. This technique has been successfully adopted for studying bacterial soil communities from different soil environments, polluted soils and soils subjected to various agronomic treatments. Unfortunately, Biolog® EcoPlates™ assay, especially working on soil, can be difficult to reproduce and hard to standardize due to the lack of detailed procedures and protocols. The main problems of this technique mainly regard soil preparation, bacterial inoculum densities and a correct definition of blank during the calculation of the diversity indices. On the basis of our previous research on agricultural soils, we here propose a standardized and accurate step-by-step method for estimating the functional diversity of a soil bacterial community by Biolog® EcoPlatesTM assay. A case study of soils sampled in a Mediterranean olive orchard managed accordingly to sustainable/conservation practices was reported for justifying the standardized method here used. The results of this methodological paper could be important for correctly evaluating and comparing the microbiological fertility of soils managed by sustainable/conservation or conventional/non-conservation systems.
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Kiersztyn B, Chróst R, Kaliński T, Siuda W, Bukowska A, Kowalczyk G, Grabowska K. Structural and functional microbial diversity along a eutrophication gradient of interconnected lakes undergoing anthropopressure. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11144. [PMID: 31366993 PMCID: PMC6668414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47577-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the results of an analysis of the 16S rRNA-based taxonomical structure of bacteria together with an analysis of carbon source utilization ability using EcoPlate (Biolog, USA) metabolic fingerprinting assessment against the backdrop of physicochemical parameters in fifteen interconnected lakes. The lakes exhibit a wide spectrum of trophic gradients and undergo different intensities of anthropopressure. Sequences of V3–V4 16S rRNA genes binned by taxonomic assignment to family indicated that bacterial communities in the highly eutrophicated lakes were distinctly different from the bacterial communities in the meso-eutrophic lakes (ANOSIM r = 0.99, p = 0.0002) and were characterized by higher richness and more diverse taxonomical structure. Representatives of the Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, Bacteroides phyla predominated. In most cases their relative abundance was significantly correlated with lake trophic state. We found no similar clear relationship of community-level physiological profiling with lake trophic state. However, we found some significant links between the taxonomic and metabolic structure of the microbes in the studied lakes (Mantel’s correlation r = 0.22, p = 0.006). The carbon source utilization ability of the studied microorganisms was affected not only by the taxonomic groups present in the lakes but also by various characteristics like a high PO43− concentration inhibiting the utilization of phosphorylated carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Kiersztyn
- Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology Department, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Chróst
- Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology Department, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kaliński
- Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology Department, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Waldemar Siuda
- Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology Department, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Bukowska
- Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology Department, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kowalczyk
- Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology Department, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Karolina Grabowska
- Microbial Ecology and Environmental Biotechnology Department, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw; Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Warszawa, Poland
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Peralta-Maraver I, Perkins DM, Thompson MSA, Fussmann K, Reiss J, Robertson AL. Comparing biotic drivers of litter breakdown across stream compartments. J Anim Ecol 2019; 88:1146-1157. [PMID: 31032898 PMCID: PMC6851634 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Litter breakdown in the streambed is an important pathway in organic carbon cycling and energy transfer in the biosphere that is mediated by a wide range of streambed organisms. However, most research on litter breakdown to date has focused on a small fraction of the taxa that drive it (e.g. microbial vs. macroinvertebrate-mediated breakdown) and has been limited to the benthic zone (BZ). Despite the importance of the hyporheic zone (HZ) as a bioreactor, little is known about what, or who, mediates litter breakdown in this compartment and whether breakdown rates differ between the BZ and HZ. Here, we explore the relationship between litter breakdown and the variation in community structure of benthic and hyporheic communities by deploying two standardized bioassays (cotton strips and two types of commercially available tea bags) in 30 UK streams that encompass a range of environmental conditions. Then, we modelled these assays as a response of the streambed compartment and the biological features of the streambed assemblage (Prokaryota, Protozoa and Eumetazoa invertebrates) to understand the generality and efficiency of litter processing across communities. Litter breakdown was much faster in the BZ compared with the HZ (around 5 times higher for cotton strips and 1.5 times faster for the tea leaves). However, differences in litter breakdown between the BZ and the HZ were mediated by the biological features of the benthos and the hyporheos. Biomass of all the studied biotic groups, α-diversity of Eumetazoa invertebrates and metabolic diversity of Prokaryota were important predictors that were positively related to breakdown coefficients demonstrating their importance in the functioning of the streambed ecosystem. Our study uses a novel multimetric bioassay that is able to disentangle the contribution by Prokaryota, Protozoa and Eumetazoa invertebrates to litter breakdown. In doing so, our study reveals new insights into how organic matter decomposition is partitioned across biota and streambed compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Murray S A Thompson
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Suffolk, UK
| | | | - Julia Reiss
- Department of Life Sciences, Roehampton University, London, UK
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65
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Meng K, Ren W, Teng Y, Wang B, Han Y, Christie P, Luo Y. Application of biodegradable seedling trays in paddy fields: Impacts on the microbial community. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 656:750-759. [PMID: 30530145 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable plastics have been widely introduced into agricultural production, but their impacts on the soil ecosystem remain unclear. The present study investigated the impacts of a biodegradable seedling tray (BST) on the microbial communities in paddy soils. A 110-day rice culture experiment was conducted with three different paddy soils developed from black soil (BS, black chernozem soil), chao soil (CS, Fluvo-aquic) and red soil (RS, Alfisols) and three application rates of BST (0, 0.02 and 0.2 g kg-1). Soil phthalic acid ester (PAE) concentrations, physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were determined to evaluate the influence of BSTs on soil quality. 16S high-throughput sequencing was used to study bacterial community composition and the Biolog EcoPlate™ test was used to profile microbial activity and community function. Results show that the application of BSTs did not markedly affect soil quality, and the potential release of PAEs from BSTs was negligible. Interestingly, the microbial community was affected by BSTs in a soil-dependent and time-dependent pattern. The microbial community in RS was not significantly influenced by BSTs. Relative abundances of some predominant genera in BS (e.g. norank_f__BSV40) and CS (e.g. Norank_f__Nitrosomonadaceae) were significantly influenced by BSTs, and db-RDA results show that community composition in BS and CS was shaped mainly by BSTs. Community level profiling shows that BSTs significantly increased microbial activity and decreased functional diversity in BS after 55 days, but the impacts disappeared after 110 days. The results contribute to the knowledge of how biodegradable plastics influence microbial communities in paddy fields and provide information relevant to the practical use of BSTs under field condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Meng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Ying Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujuan Han
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Peter Christie
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
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Hanaka A, Ozimek E, Majewska M, Rysiak A, Jaroszuk-Ściseł J. Physiological Diversity of Spitsbergen Soil Microbial Communities Suggests Their Potential as Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1207. [PMID: 30857335 PMCID: PMC6429280 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the physiological diversity and metabolic activity of the soil bacterial communities inhabiting Spitsbergen soils in search of bacterial abilities facilitating plant growth promotion. In the soil, the total number of culturable microorganisms, the number of their individual physiological groups (including Siderophore Synthesizing; SSB and Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria; PSB), the dehydrogenase (DH) activity, and the ability to utilize sources of C, N, P (EcoPlate) were analysed. In bacterial isolates, siderophores production, ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase (ACCD) activity, IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) synthesis were examined. The isolates were applied to the seeds of Phaseolus coccineus regarding their germination and root length. The results showed differences between copio- and oligotrophic bacteria. A usually high number of SSB was accompanied by the raised number of PSB. A bigger number of SSB was connected with low values of Fe in the soil. High DH activity was assisted by greater number of copio- and oligotrophic bacteria, raised average well color development value, and N and C contents in the soil. Germination index was more alike relative seed germination than relative root growth. IAA concentration and ACCD activity were conversely related. Synthesis of siderophores was matched with ACCD activity and its high level was combined with elevated germination index. In spite of different localization of soil samples, some isolates proved similar traits of activity. Distinct affiliation of isolates and their various localizations were displayed. Among all isolates tested, some possessed one main trait of activity, but most of them had two or more significant features for potential plant growth stimulation. These isolates could be an important source of useful bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Hanaka
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewa Ozimek
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Majewska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Rysiak
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka St. 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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67
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Liu C, Lin H, Dong Y, Li B, Liu Y. Investigation on microbial community in remediation of lead-contaminated soil by Trifolium repensL. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 165:52-60. [PMID: 30193164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Trifolium repensL. is a plant with strong adaptability and large biomass, which possess great potential for phytoremediation. However, little is known concerning its remediation effects and changes in rhizosphere microbial activity and community structure under heavy metal pressure. The aims of this study were to evaluate lead accumulation of Trifolium repensL., study microbial lead resistance, metabolism and community structure characteristics in rhizosphere soils. The accumulated Pb concentration of Trifolium repensL. was observed in 100 and 500 mg/kg Pb contained soil at 55.81 and 90.3 mg/kg, respectively, which cause the decrease of acid-soluble fractions in rhizosphere soil. In the progress of lead-contaminated soil phytoremediation by Trifolium repensL., Pb resistance and metabolic activities of microorganisms have been prompted gradually. In addition, the microbial community composition and abundance were investigated using Illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR. The result showed that after phytoremediation, beneficial microorganisms, such as Flavisolibacter, Kaistobacter, and Pseudomonas, increased, becoming the dominant genera. This study has provided insight into the distribution and activity of the microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjing Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yingbo Dong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bing Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
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68
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Winkler D, Bidló A, Bolodár-Varga B, Erdő Á, Horváth A. Long-term ecological effects of the red mud disaster in Hungary: Regeneration of red mud flooded areas in a contaminated industrial region. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 644:1292-1303. [PMID: 30743842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most severe ecological disasters ever to take place in Europe, the 2010 red mud accident has left behind long-term environmental impact, prompting the need for monitoring of soil biodiversity. Red mud (wet storage solution) can be regarded as a complex mixture of contaminants due to its extreme alkalinity and the presence of potentially toxic trace elements. After-effect investigations on soil properties and soil microarthropods were carried out in three distinct habitat types (agricultural land, grassland, woodland) in the red mud affected area. Soils in the red mud affected area were moderately to strongly alkaline (pH 7.5 to 8.5). Total content of trace metals Cd, Ni, Cr exceeded threshold concentrations for soil. Acari and Collembola were by far the most abundant taxa, while important groups like Pauropoda, Protura and Symphyla were completely absent from the samples of red mud affected plots. These observations were also reflected by the low values of the soil biological quality (QBS-ar) index. Independently of habitat types, total collembolan abundance tended to be lower in the contaminated area when compared with nearby control samples. Typical species distribution of Collembola communities in the contaminated area generally included one or two very common and abundant species and more, relatively rare species of low abundance. In the red mud affected open habitats, a distinct eudominance of Brachystomella parvula and Parisotoma notabilis was observed; whereas in contaminated woodland Parisotoma notabilis formed the bulk of the community with Sphaeridia pumilis, Folsomia manolachei and F. quadrioculata being subdominant. Species sensitive to alkalinity and red mud components (e.g. Hypogastrura vernalis, Lepidocyrtus tomosvaryi) were completely absent or were present only in limited numbers in the contaminated samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Winkler
- Institute of Wildlife Management and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Sopron, Hungary.
| | - Andras Bidló
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, Hungary
| | | | - Ádám Erdő
- Institute of Wildlife Management and Vertebrate Zoology, University of Sopron, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Horváth
- Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences, University of Sopron, Hungary
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69
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Carbon Consumption Patterns of Microbial Communities Associated with Peltigera Lichens from a Chilean Temperate Forest. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112746. [PMID: 30355963 PMCID: PMC6278465 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lichens are a symbiotic association between a fungus and a green alga or a cyanobacterium, or both. They can grow in practically any terrestrial environment and play crucial roles in ecosystems, such as assisting in soil formation and degrading soil organic matter. In their thalli, they can host a wide diversity of non-photoautotrophic microorganisms, including bacteria, which play important functions and are considered key components of the lichens. In this work, using the BioLog® EcoPlate system, we studied the consumption kinetics of different carbon-sources by microbial communities associated with the thallus and the substrate of Peltigera lichens growing in a Chilean temperate rain forest dominated by Nothofagus pumilio. Based on the similarity of the consumption of 31 carbon-sources, three groups were formed. Among them, one group clustered the microbial metabolic profiles of almost all the substrates from one of the sampling sites, which exhibited the highest levels of consumption of the carbon-sources, and another group gathered the microbial metabolic profiles from the lichen thalli with the most abundant mycobiont haplotypes. These results suggest that the lichen thallus has a higher impact on the metabolism of its microbiome than on the microbial community of its substrate, with the latter being more diverse in terms of the metabolized sources and whose activity level is probably related to the availability of soil nutrients. However, although significant differences were detected in the microbial consumption of several carbon-sources when comparing the lichen thallus and the underlying substrate, d-mannitol, l-asparagine, and l-serine were intensively metabolized by both communities, suggesting that they share some microbial groups. Likewise, some communities showed high consumption of 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, d-galacturonic acid, and itaconic acid; these could serve as suitable sources of microorganisms as bioresources of novel bioactive compounds with biotechnological applications.
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70
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Ge Z, Du H, Gao Y, Qiu W. Analysis on Metabolic Functions of Stored Rice Microbial Communities by BIOLOG ECO Microplates. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1375. [PMID: 30018600 PMCID: PMC6037723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial contamination has been a pervasive issue during the rice storage and triggers extensive researches. The metabolism of microorganisms was proved as an indicator to mirror the degree of microbial contamination. It is necessary to develop a scientific method to analyze the metabolism of rice microbial communities, thereby monitoring the microbial contamination. In this study, the metabolism of rice microbial communities in different storing-year were investigated by BIOLOG ECO microplates. The three rice samples were respectively stored for 1-3 years. The related indicators of BIOLOG ECO microplates were determined, including average well-color development (AWCD) of carbon sources and three metabolic functional diversity indices. The results showed that there were significant differences in the AWCD of all carbon sources among the three rice microbial communities (p < 0.05), and the functional diversity indices except Simpson index showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Additionally, the three rice microbial communities differed significantly in the metabolic utilization of carboxylic acids and miscellaneous (p < 0.05), and there were, however, no significant differences in the other four types of carbon sources. Furthermore, principal component analysis revealed that the microbial communities of stored rice had obviously different metabolic functions in different storage period. Therefore, the study indicated that the BIOLOG ECO microplate was applicable to evaluate the metabolic functions of rice microbial communities, and carboxylic acids and miscellaneous were two crucial parameters of carbon sources to identify the metabolic differences of microbial communities, a case in which it reflected the conditions of rice microbial contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Weifen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
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71
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Li H, Liu L, Luo L, Liu Y, Wei J, Zhang J, Yang Y, Chen A, Mao Q, Zhou Y. Response of soil microbial communities to red mud-based stabilizer remediation of cadmium-contaminated farmland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:11661-11669. [PMID: 29435798 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1409-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a field test was conducted to investigate the effects of heavy metal stabilizer addition on brown rice and microbial variables in a cadmium (Cd)-contaminated farmland from April to October in 2016. Compared with the control, red mud-based stabilizer (RMDL) effectively reduced the concentration of Cd in brown rice (with the removal rate of 48.14% in early rice, 20.24 and 47.62% in late rice). The results showed that adding 0.3 kg m-2 RDML in early rice soil or soil for both early and late rice increased the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), the number of culturable heterotrophic bacteria and fungi, and the catalase activity in soil at different stages of paddy rice growth. Furthermore, there was no notable difference in the diversity of the bacterial species, community composition, and relative abundance at phylum (or class) or operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels between the control and treatment (RMDL addition) groups. In a word, RMDL could be highly recommended as an effective remediation stabilizer for Cd-contaminated farmland, since its continuous application in paddy soil cultivating two seasons rice soil could effectively decrease the Cd content in brown rice and had no negative impact on soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lemian Liu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Hunan Modern Environment Technology Co., LTD, Changsha, 410000, China
| | - Jianhong Wei
- College of Biological Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Qiming Mao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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72
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García-Galán MJ, Uggetti E, Garfi M, Olguín EJ, García J, Puigagut J. Biotechnology: a highly efficient tool for the current environmental challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1664-1667. [PMID: 29128123 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrica Uggetti
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | - Marianna Garfi
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | | | - Joan García
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
| | - Jaume Puigagut
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-BarcelonaTech, Spain
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