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Capillo G, Savoca S, Costa R, Sanfilippo M, Rizzo C, Lo Giudice A, Albergamo A, Rando R, Bartolomeo G, Spanò N, Faggio C. New Insights into the Culture Method and Antibacterial Potential of Gracilaria gracilis. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16120492. [PMID: 30544601 PMCID: PMC6315995 DOI: 10.3390/md16120492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enormous marine biodiversity offers an endless reservoir of chemicals for many applications. In this scenario, the extraction of seaweeds represents an interesting source of compounds displaying antimicrobial activity. In particular, among the different red algae, Gracilaria gracilis plays an important role due to the presence of important bioactives in its composition. In spite of these features, an efficient culture system is still absent. In the present study, a novel algal culture method was developed and compared to another more common cultural practice, widely reported in literature. A higher efficiency of the new method, both for daily growth rate and biomass, was assessed. Furthermore, the growth inhibitory activity of five extracts, obtained using ethanol, methanol, acetone, chloroform or diethyl ether as a solvent, from the cultured G. gracilis was tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Algal extracts exhibited a considerable inhibitory activity against B. subtilis strains, while a slight inhibition was observed against V. fischeri. The different extracts showed significant differences in bacterial growth inhibition, with the highest activity that was recorded for the ethanol extract, followed by that of methanol. Based on the chemical characterization, these findings could be related to the antimicrobial activity played by the combination of total carbohydrates and polyphenols, which were determined at high levels in ethanol and methanol extracts, as well as by the highest number and levels of single polyphenols. Conversely, the lower growth inhibitory activities found in chloroform and diethyl ether extracts could be related to the isolation of minor lipid classes (e.g., neutral and medium polar lipids) composed by fatty acids, such as stearic, oleic and arachidonic acids, typically characterized by antimicrobial activity. In consideration of the results obtained, the present study has a double implication, involving both the field of cultural practices and the exploitation of natural sources for the isolation of antimicrobial agents useful both in pharmaceutical and food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Capillo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Serena Savoca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marilena Sanfilippo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Carmen Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
- Istituto per le Risorse Biologiche e le Biotecnologie Marine (IRBIM-CNR), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122 Messina, Italy.
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Rossana Rando
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
- Science4Life s.r.l., A Spin-off of the University of Messina, V.le Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche, e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (Biomorf), University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (ChiBioFarAm), University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98168 Messina, Italy.
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Antifungal Efficacy of Marine Macroalgae against Fungal Isolates from Bronchial Asthmatic Cases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23113032. [PMID: 30463364 PMCID: PMC6278659 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23113032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal sensitization is very common in bronchial asthmatic cases, and the connection with airway colonization by fungi remains uncertain. Antifungal therapy failure is a significant fraction of the cost and morbidity and mortality in the majority of the asthmatic cases. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of five marine macroalgae—Acanthaophora specifera, Cladophoropsis sp., Laurencia paniculata, Tydemania sp., and Ulva prolifera—which were tested on selected fungal pathogens isolated from 15 sputum of 45 bronchial asthmatic patients. The highest antifungal activity was observed in ethanol fractions of L. paniculata followed by U. prolifera, Cladophoropsis sp., A. specifera, and Tydemania sp. The minimum fungicidal concentration and minimum inhibitory concentration values of the ethanolic fractions of algal species were found to be 125–1000 µg/mL and 125–500 µg/mL, respectively. The algal extracts contained terpene alcohol, diterpene, steroids, sesquiterpene, and sesquiterpene alcohol, as determined by GC–MS/MS analyses. The present study shows that the marine macroalgae containing bioactive compounds had excellent inhibitory activity against a variety of fungal pathogens, which may be useful for combating fungal infections and recovering from chronic asthmatic states.
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Abstract
Algae are common all over the Earth. Due to their rich chemical composition and content of bioactive substances they have been used in many fields of industry. Their gelling, thickening and stabilizing properties have led to the development of such products as agar, alginate and carrageenan. Moreover, algae are used in the food industry as food supplements and an addition to functional food. Algae are also added to meat products, such as pasty, steaks, frankfurters and sausages, as well as to fish, fish products, and oils, to improve their quality. Cereal-based products, such as pasta, flour and bread, are another group of products enriched with algae. Due to their properties algae may also be used for construction of fermented functional food. Fermented products containing algae are, most of all, dairy products, such as cheese, cream, milk deserts, yoghurt, cottage cheese, and processed cheese. Combination of fermented products offering a high content of lactic acid bacteria with algae possessing biologically active metabolites of natural origin allows not only to compose products with a high content of nutrients, but also to create a brand new segment of fermented food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Ścieszka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Klewicka
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Łódź, Poland
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Benouda H, Bouchal B, Challioui A, Oulmidi A, Harit T, Malek F, Riahi A, Bellaoui M, Bouammali B. Synthesis of a Series of Chalcones and Related Flavones and Evaluation of their Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180815666180404130430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Background:
A series of chalcones and flavones were synthesized from
2’-hydroxyacetophenone and substituted aromatic aldehydes via Simmons-Schmidt condensation
followed by oxidative cyclization.
Methods:
Characterization of the obtained structures was established on the basis of their spectroscopic
data. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities against five
bacterial strains (Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella
braenderup, Escherichia coli.) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans, Candida krusei).
Results:
The in vitro bioassay results indicated that some target compounds displayed moderate
(4d, 4e) to high (4a) antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungi C. albicans and C. krusei.
Conclusion:
For the antibacterial activity, only products 3d and 4d showed a weak antibacterial
activity. These compounds can lead to the design of new drugs with specific antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Benouda
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Macromolecular and Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Btissam Bouchal
- Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Allal Challioui
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Macromolecular and Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdelkader Oulmidi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Macromolecular and Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Tarik Harit
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Macromolecular and Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Fouad Malek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Macromolecular and Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abdelkhalek Riahi
- Universite de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moleculaire de Reims (ICMR)-Groupe Methodologie en Synthese Organique, CNRS UMR 6229, Bât. Europol'Agro-Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Mohammed Bellaoui
- Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Boufelja Bouammali
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Macromolecular and Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
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Morán-Santibañez K, Peña-Hernández MA, Cruz-Suárez LE, Ricque-Marie D, Skouta R, Vasquez AH, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Trejo-Avila LM. Virucidal and Synergistic Activity of Polyphenol-Rich Extracts of Seaweeds against Measles Virus. Viruses 2018; 10:v10090465. [PMID: 30200234 PMCID: PMC6164608 DOI: 10.3390/v10090465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although preventable by vaccination, Measles still causes thousands of deaths among young children worldwide. The discovery of new antivirals is a good approach to control new outbreaks that cause such death. In this study, we tested the antiviral activity against Measles virus (MeV) of Polyphenol-rich extracts (PPs) coming from five seaweeds collected and cultivated in Mexico. An MTT assay was performed to determine cytotoxicity effect, and antiviral activity was measured by syncytia reduction assay and confirmed by qPCR. PPs from Ecklonia arborea (formerly Eisenia arborea, Phaeophyceae) and Solieria filiformis (Rhodophyta) showed the highest Selectivity Index (SI), >3750 and >576.9 respectively. Both PPs extracts were selected to the subsequent experiments owing to their high efficacy and low cytotoxicity compared with ribavirin (SI of 11.57). The combinational effect of PPs with sulphated polysaccharides (SPs) and ribavirin were calculated by using Compusyn software. Synergistic activity was observed by combining both PPs with low concentrations of Solieria filiformis SPs (0.01 µg/mL). The antiviral activity of the best combinations was confirmed by qPCR. Virucidal assay, time of addition, and viral penetration evaluations suggested that PPs act mainly by inactivating the viral particle. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the virucidal effect of Polyphenol-rich extracts of seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Morán-Santibañez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Mario A Peña-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | - Lucia Elizabeth Cruz-Suárez
- Programa Maricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | - Denis Ricque-Marie
- Programa Maricultura, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | - Rachid Skouta
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Abimael H Vasquez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Border Biomedical Research Center, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
| | - Laura M Trejo-Avila
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66455 San Nicolás de los Garza, NL, Mexico.
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56
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Máximo P, Ferreira LM, Branco P, Lima P, Lourenço A. Secondary Metabolites and Biological Activity of Invasive Macroalgae of Southern Europe. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16080265. [PMID: 30072602 PMCID: PMC6117733 DOI: 10.3390/md16080265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review a brief description of the invasive phenomena associated with algae and its consequences on the ecosystem are presented. Three examples of invasive algae of Southern Europe, belonging to Rodophyta, Chlorophyta, and Phaeophyta, were selected, and a brief description of each genus is presented. A full description of their secondary metabolites and biological activity is given and a summary of the biological activity of extracts is also included. In Asparagopsis we encounter mainly halogenated compounds. From Caulerpa, several terpenoids and alkaloids were isolated, while in Sargassum, meroterpenoids prevail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Máximo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Luísa M Ferreira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Paula Branco
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Lima
- Sea4Us-Biotecnologia de Recursos Marinhos, Ltd., 8650-378 Sagres, Portugal.
- Nova Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Ana Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Rapid biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the marine red alga Laurencia catarinensis and their characterization. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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58
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Antibacterial and anti-hyperlipidemic activities of the green alga Cladophora koeiei. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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59
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Role of marine macroalgae in plant protection & improvement for sustainable agriculture technology. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Zerrifi SEA, El Khalloufi F, Oudra B, Vasconcelos V. Seaweed Bioactive Compounds against Pathogens and Microalgae: Potential Uses on Pharmacology and Harmful Algae Bloom Control. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E55. [PMID: 29425153 PMCID: PMC5852483 DOI: 10.3390/md16020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are found globally due to their adaptation to various environments. The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms is not a new phenomenon. The bloom-forming and toxin-producing species have been a persistent nuisance all over the world over the last decades. Evidence suggests that this trend might be attributed to a complex interplay of direct and indirect anthropogenic influences. To control cyanobacterial blooms, various strategies, including physical, chemical, and biological methods have been proposed. Nevertheless, the use of those strategies is usually not effective. The isolation of natural compounds from many aquatic and terrestrial plants and seaweeds has become an alternative approach for controlling harmful algae in aquatic systems. Seaweeds have received attention from scientists because of their bioactive compounds with antibacterial, antifungal, anti-microalgae, and antioxidant properties. The undesirable effects of cyanobacteria proliferations and potential control methods are here reviewed, focusing on the use of potent bioactive compounds, isolated from seaweeds, against microalgae and cyanobacteria growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina El Amrani Zerrifi
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
| | - Fatima El Khalloufi
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga (FPK), University Hassan 1, BP. 145, Khouribga 25000, Morocco.
| | - Brahim Oudra
- Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco.
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- Departament of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Enazi NM, Ibraheem IBM, Alharbi RM, Alkhulaifi MM. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by using of the marine brown alga Padina pavonia and their characterization. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 26:1207-1215. [PMID: 31516350 PMCID: PMC6733310 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining considerable importance due to their attractive physicochemical properties for many applications. In the present study, (Ag NPs) were synthesized by the reduction of aqueous solutions of silver nitrate (AgNO3) with powder and solvent extracts of Padina pavonia (brown algae). The obtained nanoparticles exhibited high stability, rapid formation of the biogenic process (2 min -3 h), small size (49.58–86.37 nm) (the diameter of formed nanoparticles was measured by TEM and DLS) and variable shapes (spherical, triangular, rectangle, polyhedral and hexagonal). Preliminary characterization of nanoparticles was monitored by using UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and finally by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The ratios of converted Ag NPs were recorded as 88.5; 86.2 and 90.5% in case of P. pavonia powder. extract and chloroform extract, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Abdel-Raouf
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Nouf Mohammad Al-Enazi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Reem Mohammed Alharbi
- Biology Department, College of Education, Dammam University, Hafer Al-Baten, Saudi Arabia
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62
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Pina-Pérez MC, Rivas A, Martínez A, Rodrigo D. Antimicrobial potential of macro and microalgae against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms in food. Food Chem 2017; 235:34-44. [PMID: 28554644 PMCID: PMC7131516 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Algae are a valuable and never-failing source of bioactive compounds. The increasing efforts to use ingredients that are as natural as possible in the formulation of innovative products has given rise to the introduction of macro and microalgae in food industry. To date, scarce information has been published about algae ingredients as antimicrobials in food. The antimicrobial potential of algae is highly dependent on: (i) type, brown algae being the most effective against foodborne bacteria; (ii) the solvent used in the extraction of bioactive compounds, ethanolic and methanolic extracts being highly effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; and (iii) the concentration of the extract. The present paper reviews the main antimicrobial potential of algal species and their bioactive compounds in reference and real food matrices. The validation of the algae antimicrobial potential in real food matrices is still a research niche, being meat and bakery products the most studied substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Pina-Pérez
- Centro Avanzado de Microbiología de Alimentos (CAMA) - Universitat Politècnica de Valencia (UPV), Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Rivas
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Departamento Conservación y Calidad de los Alimentos, Avda. Agustin Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - A Martínez
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Departamento Conservación y Calidad de los Alimentos, Avda. Agustin Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - D Rodrigo
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA-CSIC), Departamento Conservación y Calidad de los Alimentos, Avda. Agustin Escardino, 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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In Vitro Effectiveness of Microspheres Based on Silk Sericin and Chlorella vulgaris or Arthrospira platensis for Wound Healing Applications. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10090983. [PMID: 28832540 PMCID: PMC5615638 DOI: 10.3390/ma10090983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Some natural compounds have recently been widely employed in wound healing applications due to their biological properties. One such compound is sericin, which is produced by Bombix mori, while active polyphenols, polysaccharides and proteins are synthetized by Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis microalgae. Our hypothesis was that sericin, as an optimal bioactive polymeric carrier for microencapsulation process, could also improve the regenerative effect of the microalgae. A solvent-free extraction method and spray drying technique were combined to obtain five formulations, based on algal extracts (C. vulgaris and A. platensis, Chl and Art, respectively) or silk sericin (Ser) or their mixtures (Chl-Ser and Art-Ser). The spray drying was a suitable method to produce microspheres with similar dimensions, characterized by collapsed morphology with a rough surface. Art and Art-Ser showed higher antioxidant properties than other formulations. All microspheres resulted in cytocompatibility on fibroblasts until 1.25 mg/mL and promoted cell migration and the complete wound closure; this positive effect was further highlighted after treatment with Art and Art-Ser. To our surprize the combination of sericin to Art did not improve the microalgae extract efficacy, at least in our experimental conditions.
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Mellouk Z, Benammar I, Krouf D, Goudjil M, Okbi M, Malaisse W. Antioxidant properties of the red alga Asparagopsis taxiformis collected on the North West Algerian coast. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:3281-3290. [PMID: 28587401 PMCID: PMC5450726 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the total phenolic and lipid content, fatty acids profiles and in vitro antioxidant activities of aqueous and solvent extracts of the red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis, through six different investigations. The present study demonstrated that phenol contents (mg gallic acid/g dry weight) were highest in the aqueous and methanolic extracts, followed by the ethanolic, hydroethanolic and hydromethanolic extracts. The lowest phenol contents were identified in the three remaining extracts: Butanolic, petroleum ether and acetone extracts. Furthermore, the total lipid content of the algae powder amounted to 2.85% of dry weight. The fatty acid methyl ester profiles analysed by gas-liquid chromatography represented indicated that fatty acids comprised 91.0±0.3% of total algae lipids. The saturated to unsaturated fatty acid contents amounted to 23.2±0.1 and 67.9±0.4% respectively. C13:0 (tridecanoate), C15:0 (pentadecanoate) and C17:0 (heptadecanoate) represented 47.4% of the total saturated fatty acids. Notably, the two most abundant unsaturated fatty acids, C15:1 (pentadecenoate) and C18:2 (octadecadienoate) represented 13.4 and 11.4% respectively, of the total unsaturated fatty acid content. Furthermore, the results of the antioxidant screening performed at 1.0 mg/ml, revealed that aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited higher inhibition against superoxide and nitric oxide radicals and excellent radical scavenging activity [with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values 5.1 and 15.0 µg/ml, respectively], demonstrating improved antioxidant behavior when compared with standard ascorbic acid (which has an IC50 value of 3.7 µg/ml). Scavenging activity of the aqueous and methanolic extracts exhibited a strong peroxidation inhibition against linoleic acid emulsion system at a concentration of 300 µg/ml in comparison to the butylated hydroxyltoluene. Although all the studied extracts exhibited ferric reducing power, the aqueous and methanolic extracts had greater hydrogen donating ability. By contrast, hydromethanolic, ethanolic, hydroethanolic, butanolic, acetone and petroleum ether extracts exhibited weak antioxidant behavior. The antioxidant activity of potent seaweed species identified in the current study means that as well as being used as a functional food, they may be developed as novel pharmaceutical compounds and may be used as anti-ageing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoheir Mellouk
- Laboratory of Physiology of Nutrition and Food Safety, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - Ilhem Benammar
- Laboratory of Development and Differentiation Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - Djamil Krouf
- Laboratory of Clinical and Metabolic Nutrition, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - Makhlouf Goudjil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - Meriem Okbi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Oran 1 Ahmed Ben Bella, 31000 Oran, Algeria
| | - Willy Malaisse
- Department of Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1070 Brussels, Belgium
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Singh R, Parihar P, Singh M, Bajguz A, Kumar J, Singh S, Singh VP, Prasad SM. Uncovering Potential Applications of Cyanobacteria and Algal Metabolites in Biology, Agriculture and Medicine: Current Status and Future Prospects. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:515. [PMID: 28487674 PMCID: PMC5403934 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria and algae having complex photosynthetic systems can channelize absorbed solar energy into other forms of energy for production of food and metabolites. In addition, they are promising biocatalysts and can be used in the field of "white biotechnology" for enhancing the sustainable production of food, metabolites, and green energy sources such as biodiesel. In this review, an endeavor has been made to uncover the significance of various metabolites like phenolics, phytoene/terpenoids, phytols, sterols, free fatty acids, photoprotective compounds (MAAs, scytonemin, carotenoids, polysaccharides, halogenated compounds, etc.), phytohormones, cyanotoxins, biocides (algaecides, herbicides, and insecticides) etc. Apart from this, the importance of these metabolites as antibiotics, immunosuppressant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory agent has also been discussed. Metabolites obtained from cyanobacteria and algae have several biotechnological, industrial, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic uses which have also been discussed in this review along with the emerging technology of their harvesting for enhancing the production of compounds like bioethanol, biofuel etc. at commercial level. In later sections, we have discussed genetically modified organisms and metabolite production from them. We have also briefly discussed the concept of bioprocessing highlighting the functioning of companies engaged in metabolites production as well as their cost effectiveness and challenges that are being addressed by these companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Madhulika Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Institute of Biology, University of BialystokBialystok, Poland
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Samiksha Singh
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
| | - Vijay P. Singh
- Department of Botany, Govt. Ramanuj Pratap Singhdev Post-Graduate CollegeBaikunthpur, Koriya, India
| | - Sheo M. Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of AllahabadAllahabad, India
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66
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Li A, Zhang L, Zhao ZY, Ma SS, Wang M, Liu PH. Prescreening, identification and harvesting of microalgae with antibacterial activity. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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67
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Barbieri R, Coppo E, Marchese A, Daglia M, Sobarzo-Sánchez E, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM. Phytochemicals for human disease: An update on plant-derived compounds antibacterial activity. Microbiol Res 2016; 196:44-68. [PMID: 28164790 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 302] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have shown that phytochemicals exert their antibacterial activity through different mechanisms of action, such as damage to the bacterial membrane and suppression of virulence factors, including inhibition of the activity of enzymes and toxins, and bacterial biofilm formation. In this review, we summarise data from the available literature regarding the antibacterial effects of the main phytochemicals belonging to different chemical classes, alkaloids, sulfur-containing phytochemicals, terpenoids, and polyphenols. Some phytochemicals, besides having direct antimicrobial activity, showed an in vitro synergistic effect when tested in combination with conventional antibiotics, modifying antibiotic resistance. Review of the literature showed that phytochemicals represent a possible source of effective, cheap and safe antimicrobial agents, though much work must still be carried out, especially in in vivo conditions to ensure the selection of effective antimicrobial substances with low side and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Coppo
- Sezione di Microbiologia DISC University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Marchese
- Sezione di Microbiologia DISC-IRCCS San Martino-IST University of Genoa, Italy.
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain; Dirección de Investigación, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Siriwong S, Teethaisong Y, Thumanu K, Dunkhunthod B, Eumkeb G. The synergy and mode of action of quercetin plus amoxicillin against amoxicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17:39. [PMID: 27491399 PMCID: PMC4973372 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-016-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most multiple resistances to antibiotics in the recent years. Therefore, practically-prescribed antibiotics in the treatment of these strains are not effective. Plant-derived antibacterial is one of the most interesting sources of new therapeutics. The present study was to investigate antibacterial, synergy and modes of action of quercetin and amoxicillin against amoxicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ARSE). Methods The MICs, checkerboard assay, viability curves, cytoplasmic membrane (CM) permeability, enzyme assay, transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and FT-IR microspectroscopy measurement was performed. Results The MICs of amoxicillin, penicillin, quercetin and kaempferol against all ARSE strains were 16, 200, 256-384 and >1024 μg/mL respectively. Synergistic effects were exhibited on amoxicillin plus quercetin and penicillin plus kaempferol against these strains at FIC index 0.50 and <0.38 respectively. The synergistic activity of quercetin plus amoxicillin was confirmed by the viable count. This combination increased CM permeability, caused marked morphological, peptidoglycan and cytoplasmic membrane damage, increased protein amide I and II, but decreased fatty acid in bacterial cells. The quercetin had an inhibitory activity against β-lactamase. Conclusions So, these findings are the first report that quercetin has the synergistic effect with amoxicillin against ARSE via four modes of actions, inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis and β-lactamases activity, increase CM permeability and protein amide I and II but decrease fatty acid in bacterial cells. Of course, this flavonol has the dominant potential to develop a brand-new collateral phytochemical agent plus amoxicillin to treat ARSE. Future work should focus on the bioavailability, efficacy and toxicity in animal and human studies, as well as, the synergistic effect on blood and tissue should be evaluated and achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supatcharee Siriwong
- School of Pharmacology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhonratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Yothin Teethaisong
- School of Pharmacology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhonratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhonratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Benjawan Dunkhunthod
- School of Pharmacology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhonratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Griangsak Eumkeb
- School of Pharmacology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree Subdistrict, Muang District, Nakhonratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
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Al Khazan MM, Omar HH, Gumgumjee NM, Shiekh HM, El-Gendy AM. Marine macroalgae as a potential source of bioactive natural products with antibacterial activity. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-150193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mulook M. Al Khazan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan H. Omar
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Nehad M. Gumgumjee
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda M. Shiekh
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. El-Gendy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt
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70
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Production of polyunsaturated single cell oils possessing antimicrobial and anticancer properties. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1176-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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71
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Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of marine macro algae (Dictyotaceae and Ulvaceae) from the Persian Gulf. Cytotechnology 2015; 68:1717-26. [PMID: 26507649 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-015-9921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical industry now accept the worlds ocean which contains a vast array of organisms with unique biological properties, as a major frontier for medical investigation. Bioactive compounds with different modes of action, such as, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antimicrotubule, have been isolated from marine sources, specifically macro and micro algae, and cyanobacteria. The aim of this work was to investigate antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the extracts of marine macro algae Ulva flexuosa, Padina antillarum and Padina boergeseni from the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf, Qeshm Island, Iran, against three cell lines including MCF7, HeLa and Vero, as well as their inhibitory effects against a wide array (i.e. n = 11) of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Antimicrobial activity of the marine macro algal extracts was assessed using a disc diffusion method; an MTT cytotoxicity assay was employed to test the effects of the extracts on each cancer cell line. The algal extracts showed considerable antimicrobial activity against the majority of the tested bacteria and fungi. Both ethyl acetate and methanol extracts at the highest concentration (100 µg/ml) caused cell death, with the IC50 values calculated for each cell type and each algal extracts. Results are exhibited a higher decrease in the viability of the cells treated at the highest concentration of marine macro algal ethyl acetate extracts compared to the methanol extracts (78.9 % death in Vero cells by ethyl acetate extracts from U. flexuosa). Despite, the ethyl acetate extracts with lower dose- response of cells, exhibited better cytotoxic activity than methanol extracts (IC50: 55.26 μg/ml in Vero cells by ethyl acetate extracts from U. flexuosa). Based on the findings, it is concluded that the marine macro algal extracts from the Persian Gulf possess antibacterial and cytotoxic potential, which could be considered for future applications in medicine and identifying novel drugs from the marine resources.
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Synergy and Mode of Action of Ceftazidime plus Quercetin or Luteolin on Streptococcus pyogenes. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:759459. [PMID: 26576195 PMCID: PMC4631891 DOI: 10.1155/2015/759459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes causes streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The recommended therapy has been often failure through the interfering of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB). The present study was to investigate antibacterial activity, synergy, and modes of action of luteolin and quercetin using alone and plus ceftazidime against S. pyogenes. The MICs of ceftazidime, luteolin, and quercetin against all S. pyogenes were 0.50, 128, and 128 µg mL−1, respectively. A synergistic effect was exhibited on luteolin and quercetin plus ceftazidime against these strains at fractional inhibitory concentration indices 0.37 and 0.27, respectively, and was confirmed by the viable count. These combinations increased cytoplasmic membrane (CM) permeability, caused irregular cell shape, peptidoglycan, and CM damage, and decreased nucleic acid but increased proteins in bacterial cells. Enzyme assay demonstrated that these flavonoids had an inhibitory activity against β-lactamase. In summary, this study provides evidence that the inhibitory mode of action of luteolin and quercetin may be mediated via three mechanisms: (1) inhibiting of peptidoglycan synthesis, (2) increasing CM permeability, and (3) decreasing nucleic acid but increasing the protein contents of bacterial cells. So, luteolin and quercetin propose the high potential to develop adjunct to ceftazidime for the treatment of coexistence of the BLPB and S. pyogenes infections.
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Hovde BT, Deodato CR, Hunsperger HM, Ryken SA, Yost W, Jha RK, Patterson J, Monnat RJ, Barlow SB, Starkenburg SR, Cattolico RA. Genome Sequence and Transcriptome Analyses of Chrysochromulina tobin: Metabolic Tools for Enhanced Algal Fitness in the Prominent Order Prymnesiales (Haptophyceae). PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005469. [PMID: 26397803 PMCID: PMC4580454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptophytes are recognized as seminal players in aquatic ecosystem function. These algae are important in global carbon sequestration, form destructive harmful blooms, and given their rich fatty acid content, serve as a highly nutritive food source to a broad range of eco-cohorts. Haptophyte dominance in both fresh and marine waters is supported by the mixotrophic nature of many taxa. Despite their importance the nuclear genome sequence of only one haptophyte, Emiliania huxleyi (Isochrysidales), is available. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Chrysochromulina tobin (Prymnesiales), and transcriptome data collected at seven time points over a 24-hour light/dark cycle. The nuclear genome of C. tobin is small (59 Mb), compact (∼40% of the genome is protein coding) and encodes approximately 16,777 genes. Genes important to fatty acid synthesis, modification, and catabolism show distinct patterns of expression when monitored over the circadian photoperiod. The C. tobin genome harbors the first hybrid polyketide synthase/non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene complex reported for an algal species, and encodes potential anti-microbial peptides and proteins involved in multidrug and toxic compound extrusion. A new haptophyte xanthorhodopsin was also identified, together with two “red” RuBisCO activases that are shared across many algal lineages. The Chrysochromulina tobin genome sequence provides new information on the evolutionary history, ecology and economic importance of haptophytes. Microalgae are important contributors to global ecological balance, and process nearly half of the world’s carbon each year. Additionally, these organisms are deeply rooted in the earths’ evolutionary history. To better understand why algae are such strong survivors in aquatic environments and to better understand their contribution to global ecology, we sequenced the genome of a microalga that is abundant in both fresh and salt water environments, but poorly represented by current genomic information. We identify protein-coding genes responsible for the synthesis of potential toxins as well as those that produce antibiotics, and describe gene products that enhanced the ability of the alga to use light energy. We observed that a day-night cycle, similar to that found in natural environments, significantly impacts the expression of algal genes whose products are responsible for synthesizing fats—a rich source of nutrition for many other organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake T. Hovde
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BTH); (RAC)
| | - Chloe R. Deodato
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Hunsperger
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Scott A. Ryken
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Will Yost
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ramesh K. Jha
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Johnathan Patterson
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Raymond J. Monnat
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- University of Washington, Department of Pathology, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Steven B. Barlow
- Electron Microscope Facility, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Shawn R. Starkenburg
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Rose Ann Cattolico
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (BTH); (RAC)
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Ibrahim D, Lim SH. In vitro antimicrobial activities of methanolic extract from marine alga Enteromorpha intestinalis. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Chinnababu B, Purushotham Reddy S, Sankara Rao P, Loka Reddy V, Sudheer Kumar B, Rao JV, Prakasham RS, Suresh Babu K. Isolation, semi-synthesis and bio-evaluation of spatane derivatives from the brown algae Stoechospermum marginatum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2479-83. [PMID: 25978960 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive investigation of chemical constituents from brown algae Stoechospermum marginatum yielded ten known spatane compounds (1-10). To develop the compound libraries on these scaffolds, a series of semi synthetic derivatives was prepared (1a-1d, 2a, 4a, 11 and 12) and investigated for their anti-microbial and anticancer activities. The results indicated that compounds 2a, 4, 1b and 4a exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against B16F10 cancer cell line with IC50 values of 3.28, 3.45, 3.62 and 4.11 μg/ml respectively, which are comparable to the standard drug (etoposide IC50=4.12 μg/ml). In addition, 4 and 1b were also manifested potent antimicrobial activities against tested bacterial and fungal strains. This is the first Letter on the synthesis and biological activities of these novel derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Chinnababu
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - S Purushotham Reddy
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - P Sankara Rao
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - V Loka Reddy
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - B Sudheer Kumar
- BEEC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - J Venkateswara Rao
- Biology and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - R S Prakasham
- BEEC Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India
| | - K Suresh Babu
- Division of Natural Product Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500 607, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Michalak
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Technology; Wrocław Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chojnacka
- Department of Advanced Material Technologies, Faculty of Chemistry; Wrocław University of Technology; Wrocław Poland
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Choi SM, Jang EJ, Cha JD. Synergistic Effect between Fucoidan and Antibiotics against Clinic Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2015.64027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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78
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Ibraheem IBM, Alharbi RM, Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Enazi NM. Contributions to the study of the marine algae inhabiting Umluj Seashore, Red Sea. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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79
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Kosanić M, Ranković B, Stanojković T. Biological activities of two macroalgae from Adriatic coast of Montenegro. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 22:390-7. [PMID: 26150743 PMCID: PMC4487264 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present investigation the acetone extracts of macroalgae Ulva lactuca and Enteromorpha intestinalis were tested for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by measuring the scavenging capacity of tested samples on DPPH and superoxide anion radicals, reducing the power of samples and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds in extracts. As a result of the study, U. lactuca extract was found to have a better free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 623.58 μg/ml) than E. intestinalis extract (IC50 = 732.12 μg/ml). Moreover, the tested extracts had effective ferric reducing power and superoxide anion radical scavenging. The total content of phenol in extracts of U. lactuca and E. intestinalis was 58.15 and 40.68 μg PE/mg, while concentrations of flavonoids were 39.58 and 21.74 μg RE/mg, respectively. Furthermore, among the tested species, extracts of U. lactuca showed a better antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 0.156 to 5 mg/ml, but it was relatively weak in comparison with standard antibiotics. Bacillus mycoides and Bacillus subtilis were the most susceptible to the tested extracts. Contrary to this Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicillium purpurescens were the most resistant. Finally, cytotoxic activity of tested extracts was evaluated on four human cancer cell lines. Extract of E. intestinalis expressed the stronger cytotoxic activity towards all tested cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 74.73 to 155.39 μg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Kosanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Branislav Ranković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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