51
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Gomes FDC, Chuffa LGDA, Fávaro WJ, Scarano WR, Melo‐Neto JS, Pinheiro PFF, Domeniconi RF. Nandrolone decanoate and resistance exercise affect prostate morphology and hormone receptor interface in adult rats with implications for the aging process. Andrology 2019; 8:211-220. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. de C. Gomes
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Botucatu SP Brazil
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Research Unit (UPGEM) São José do Rio Preto Medical School (FAMERP) São José do Rio Preto SP Brasil
| | - L. G. de A. Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - W. J. Fávaro
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas SP Brazil
| | - W. R. Scarano
- Department of Morphology Institute of Biosciences University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - J. S. Melo‐Neto
- Faculty of Medicine of Marília (FAMEMA) Marília SP Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences Federal University of Pará (UFPA) Belém PA Brazil
| | - P. F. F. Pinheiro
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - R. F. Domeniconi
- Department of Anatomy Institute of Biosciences University of Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Botucatu SP Brazil
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Xiao L, Luo Y, Tai R, Zhang N. Estrogen receptor β suppresses inflammation and the progression of prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:3555-3563. [PMID: 30864712 PMCID: PMC6472045 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) signaling alleviates systemic inflammation in animal models, and suggested that ERβ-selective agonists may deactivate microglia and suppress T cell activity via downregulation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). In the present study, the role of ERβ in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and association with NF-κB activity were investigated in PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines. Cells were treated with LPS to induce inflammation, and ELISA was performed to determine the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. MTT and Transwell assays, and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining were conducted to measure cell viability, apoptosis and migration, respectively. Protein expression was determined via western blot analysis. LPS-induced inflammation resulted in elevated expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-6 compared with controls. ERβ overexpression significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-6. In addition, the results indicated that ERβ suppressed viability and migration, and induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells, which was further demonstrated by altered expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein, caspase-3, E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinase-2. These effects were reversed by treatment with the ERβ antagonist PHTPP or ERβ-specific short interfering RNA. ERβ overexpression reduced the expression levels of p65 and phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα), but not total IκBα expression in LPS-treated cells. In conclusion, ERβ suppressed the viability and migration of the PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, it reduced inflammation and suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway, suggesting that ERβ may serve roles as an anti-inflammatory and anticancer agent in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650041, P.R. China
| | - Yaohui Luo
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650041, P.R. China
| | - Rongfen Tai
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650041, P.R. China
| | - Ningnan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650041, P.R. China
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Souza DS, Lombardi APG, Vicente CM, Lucas TFG, Erustes AG, Pereira GJS, Porto CS. Estrogen receptors localization and signaling pathways in DU-145 human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 483:11-23. [PMID: 30660702 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the subcellular localization of estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line DU-145, and the possible role of exportin CRM1 on ERs distribution. In addition, we evaluated the ERs contribution to activation of ERK1/2 and AKT. Immunostaining of ERα and ERβ was predominantly found in the extranuclear regions of DU-145 cells. CRM1 inhibitor Leptomycin B reduced drastically the presence of ERα and ERβ in the extranuclear regions and increased in the nuclei, indicating the possible involvement of CRM1 on ERs nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling. 17β-estradiol (E2), ERα-selective agonist PPT and ERβ-selective agonist DPN induced a rapid increase on ERK1/2 phosphorylation. E2-induced ERK1/2 activation was partially inhibited when cells were pretreated with ERα- or ERβ-selective antagonists, and blocked by simultaneous pretreatment with both antagonists, suggesting ERα/β heterodimers formation. Furthermore, E2 treatment did not activate AKT pathway. Therefore, we highlighted a possible crosstalk between extranuclear and nuclear ERs and their upstream and downstream signaling molecules as an important mechanism to control ER function as a potential therapeutic target in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah S Souza
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Ana Paola G Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Carolina M Vicente
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Thaís Fabiana G Lucas
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Adolfo G Erustes
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Gustavo J S Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil
| | - Catarina S Porto
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Pedro de Toledo 669, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04039-032, Brazil.
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Baker ME, Lathe R. The promiscuous estrogen receptor: Evolution of physiological estrogens and response to phytochemicals and endocrine disruptors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 184:29-37. [PMID: 30009950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Many actions of estradiol (E2), the principal physiological estrogen in vertebrates, are mediated by estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and ERβ. An important physiological feature of vertebrate ERs is their promiscuous response to several physiological steroids, including estradiol (E2), Δ5-androstenediol, 5α-androstanediol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol. A novel structural characteristic of Δ5-androstenediol, 5α-androstanediol, and 27-hydroxycholesterol is the presence of a C19 methyl group, which precludes the presence of an aromatic A ring with a C3 phenolic group that is a defining property of E2. The structural diversity of these estrogens can explain the response of the ER to synthetic chemicals such as bisphenol A and DDT, which disrupt estrogen physiology in vertebrates, and the estrogenic activity of a variety of plant-derived chemicals such as genistein, coumestrol, and resveratrol. Diversity in the A ring of physiological estrogens also expands potential structures of industrial chemicals that can act as endocrine disruptors. Compared to E2, synthesis of 27-hydroxycholesterol and Δ5-androstenediol is simpler, leading us, based on parsimony, to propose that one or both of these steroids or a related metabolite was a physiological estrogen early in the evolution of the ER, with E2 assuming this role later as the canonical estrogen. In addition to the well-studied role of the ER in reproductive physiology, the ER also is an important transcription factor in non-reproductive tissues such as the cardiovascular system, kidney, bone, and brain. Some of these ER actions in non-reproductive tissues appeared early in vertebrate evolution, long before the emergence of mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Baker
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, 0693, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0693, USA.
| | - Richard Lathe
- Division of Infection and Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh, UK.
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55
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Domińska K, Okła P, Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Urbanek KA, Ochędalski T, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. Angiotensin 1-7 modulates molecular and cellular processes central to the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15772. [PMID: 30361641 PMCID: PMC6202343 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin 1–7 (Ang1–7) is an endogenous bioactive component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). In addition to its cardiovascular properties, its anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic traits are believed to play important roles in carcinogenesis. The present study examines the influence of Ang1–7 on processes associated with development and progression of prostate cancer cells. Our findings indicate that while Ang1–7 (1 nM; 48 h) can effectively reduce cell proliferation in DU-145, it can induce a significant decrease in the expression of MKI67 in LNCaP. In both cell lines we also observed a reduction in colony size in soft agar assay. A various changes in gene expression were noted after exposure to Ang1–7: those of anti- and pro-apoptotic agents and the NF-kB family of transcription factors, as well as mesenchymal cell markers and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). In addition, Ang1–7 was found to modulate cell adhesion and matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) activity. Changes were also observed in the levels of angiotensin receptors and sex steroid hormone receptors. Ang1–7 reduced the levels of estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1) and increased the expression of estrogen receptor beta gene (ESR2) in all prostate cancer cells; it also up-regulated androgen receptor (AR) expression in androgen-sensitive cells but contradictory effect was observed in androgen- irresponsive cell lines. In summary, the results confirm the existence of complex network between the various elements of the local RAS and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of prostate cancerogenesis. The response of cancer cells to Ang1–7 appears to vary dependently on the dose and time of incubation as well as the aggressiveness and the hormonal status of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.
| | - Piotr Okła
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
| | | | - Kinga Anna Urbanek
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.,Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ochędalski
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.,Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, 90-752, Poland
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Bousset L, Rambur A, Fouache A, Bunay J, Morel L, Lobaccaro JMA, Baron S, Trousson A, de Joussineau C. New Insights in Prostate Cancer Development and Tumor Therapy: Modulation of Nuclear Receptors and the Specific Role of Liver X Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2545. [PMID: 30154328 PMCID: PMC6164771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence has been dramatically increasing these last years in westernized countries. Though localized PCa is usually treated by radical prostatectomy, androgen deprivation therapy is preferred in locally advanced disease in combination with chemotherapy. Unfortunately, PCa goes into a castration-resistant state in the vast majority of the cases, leading to questions about the molecular mechanisms involving the steroids and their respective nuclear receptors in this relapse. Interestingly, liver X receptors (LXRα/NR1H3 and LXRβ/NR1H2) have emerged as new actors in prostate physiology, beyond their historical roles of cholesterol sensors. More importantly LXRs have been proposed to be good pharmacological targets in PCa. This rational has been based on numerous experiments performed in PCa cell lines and genetic animal models pointing out that using selective liver X receptor modulators (SLiMs) could actually be a good complementary therapy in patients with a castration resistant PCa. Hence, this review is focused on the interaction among the androgen receptors (AR/NR3C4), estrogen receptors (ERα/NR3A1 and ERβ/NR3A2), and LXRs in prostate homeostasis and their putative pharmacological modulations in parallel to the patients' support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bousset
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Amandine Rambur
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Allan Fouache
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julio Bunay
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laurent Morel
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Jean-Marc A Lobaccaro
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Silvère Baron
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Amalia Trousson
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Cyrille de Joussineau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, GReD, CNRS UMR 6293, INSERM U1103, 28, place Henri Dunant, BP38, F63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne, 58 Boulevard Montalembert, F-63009 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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57
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Estrogens and prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 22:185-194. [PMID: 30131606 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal influences such as androgens and estrogens are known contributors in the development and progression of prostate cancer (CaP). While much of the research to the hormonal nature of CaP has focused on androgens, estrogens also have critical roles in CaP development, physiology as well as a potential therapeutic intervention. METHODS In this review, we provide a critical literature review of the current basic science and clinical evidence for the interaction between estrogens and CaP. RESULTS Estrogenic influences in CaP include synthetic, endogenous, fungi and plant-derived compounds, and represent a family of sex hormones, which cross hydrophobic cell membranes and bind to membrane-associated receptors and estrogen receptors that localize to the nucleus triggering changes in gene expression in various organ systems. CONCLUSIONS Estrogens represent a under-recognized contributor in CaP development and progression. Further research in this topic may provide opportunities for identification of environmental influencers as well as providing novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of CaP.
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Mendes LO, Castilho ACS, Pinho CF, Gonçalvez BF, Razza EM, Chuffa LGA, Anselmo-Franci JA, Scarano WR, Martinez FE. Modulation of inflammatory and hormonal parameters in response to testosterone therapy: Effects on the ventral prostate of adult rats. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1200-1211. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo O. Mendes
- Graduate Program in Animal Science; University of Western São Paulo; Campus II, RodoviaRaposo Tavares, Km 572, BairroLimoeiro CEP 19067-175 Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
| | - Anthony C. S. Castilho
- Graduate Program in Animal Science; University of Western São Paulo; Campus II, RodoviaRaposo Tavares, Km 572, BairroLimoeiro CEP 19067-175 Presidente Prudente São Paulo Brazil
| | - Cristiane F. Pinho
- Department of Morphology; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Botucatu campus); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Bianca F. Gonçalvez
- Department of Morphology; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Botucatu campus); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Razza
- Department of Pharmacology; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Botucatu campus); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo A. Chuffa
- Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Botucatu campus); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Janete A. Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology; São Paulo University (RibeirãoPreto campus); Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Wellerson R. Scarano
- Department of Morphology; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Botucatu campus); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
| | - Francisco E. Martinez
- Department of Anatomy; Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (Botucatu campus); Botucatu São Paulo Brazil
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59
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Ajayi A, Abraham K. Understanding the role of estrogen in the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.afju.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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Abstract
Well-controlled intrauterine development is an essential condition for many aspects of normal adult physiology and health. This process is disrupted by poor maternal nutrition status during pregnancy. Indeed, physiological adaptations occur in the fetus to ensure nutrient supply to the most vital organs at the expense of the others, leading to irreversible consequences in tissue formation and differentiation. Evidence indicates that maternal undernutrition in early life promotes changes in key hormones, such as glucocorticoids, growth hormones, insulin-like growth factors, estrogens and androgens, during fetal development. These alterations can directly or indirectly affect hormone release, hormone receptor expression/distribution, cellular function or tissue organization, and impair tissue growth, differentiation and maturation to exert profound long-term effects on the offspring. Within the male reproductive system, maternal protein malnutrition alters development, structure, and function of the gonads, testes and prostate gland. Consequently, these changes impair the reproductive capacity of the male offspring. Further, permanent alterations in the prostate gland occur at the molecular and cellular level and thereby affect the onset of late life diseases such as prostatitis, hyperplasia and even prostate cancer. This review assembles current thoughts on the concepts and mechanisms behind the developmental origins of health and disease as they relate to protein malnutrition, and highlights the effects of maternal protein malnutrition on rat prostate development and homeostasis. Such insights on developmental trajectories of adult-onset prostate disease may help provide a foundation for future studies in this field.
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61
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Igongsan reduces testosterone-induced benign prostate hyperplasia by regulating 5α-reductase in rats. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Fujimura T, Takayama K, Takahashi S, Inoue S. Estrogen and Androgen Blockade for Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020029. [PMID: 29360794 PMCID: PMC5836061 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been widely prescribed for patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) to control key signaling pathways via androgen receptor (AR) and AR-collaborative transcriptional factors; however, PC gradually acquires a lethal phenotype and results in castration-resistant PC (CRPC) during ADT. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are required in clinical practice. In addition, ARs; estrogen receptors (ERs; ERα and ERβ); and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs; ERRα, ERRβ, and ERRγ) have been reported to be involved in the development or regulation of PC. Recent investigations have revealed the role of associated molecules, such as KLF5, FOXO1, PDGFA, VEGF-A, WNT5A, TGFβ1, and micro-RNA 135a of PC, via ERs and ERRs. Selective ER modulators (SERMs) have been developed. Recently, estrogen and androgen blockade (EAB) using a combination of toremifene and ADT has been demonstrated to improve biochemical recurrence rate in treatment-naïve bone metastatic PC. In the future, the suitability of ADT alone or EAB for individuals may be evaluated by making clinical decisions on the basis of information obtained from RT-PCR, gene-panel, or liquid biopsy to create a “personalized medicine” or “precision medicine”. In this review, we summarize ER and ERR signaling pathways, molecular diagnosis, and SERMs as candidates for advanced PC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Fujimura
- Department of Urology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Takayama
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Urology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Functional Biogerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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Di Lorenzo M, Forte M, Valiante S, Laforgia V, De Falco M. Interference of dibutylphthalate on human prostate cell viability. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:565-573. [PMID: 28918339 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dibutylphthalate (DBP) is an environmental pollutant widely used as plasticizer in a variety of industrial applications worldwide. This agent can be found in personal-care products, children's toy, pharmaceuticals, food products. Exposure to DBP can occur via ingestion and inhalation as well as intravenous or skin contact. DBP belongs to the family of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and its effects on reproductive system were demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. In the present study we evaluated the effects of DBP on human prostate adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (LNCaP) in order to highlight xenoestrogens influence on human prostate. Moreover, we have compared DBP effects with 17β-estradiol action in order to investigate possible mimetical behaviour. We have assessed the effects of both compounds on the cell viability. After then, we have evaluated the expression of genes and proteins involved in cell cycle regulation. Furthermore, we have observed the expression and the cell localization of estrogen (ERs) and androgen (AR) receptors. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that DBP interacts with estrogen hormonal receptor pathway but differently from E2. DBP alters the normal gland physiology and it is involved in the deregulation of prostate cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Salvatore Valiante
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), INBB, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenza Laforgia
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), INBB, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy; National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), INBB, Rome, Italy.
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Shi X, Peng Y, Du X, Liu H, Klocker H, Lin Q, Shi J, Zhang J. Estradiol promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human benign prostatic epithelial cells. Prostate 2017; 77:1424-1437. [PMID: 28850686 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is involved in pathogenesis of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Estrogenic signaling pathways may stimulate the induction of EMT. However, the details of estradiol (E2) and estrogen receptors (ERs) effects on EMT, as well as E2-induced modulation of benign prostatic epithelial cell phenotype in vitro have not been completely clarified. METHODS The effects of E2 on EMT markers and cytokeratins (CKs) expression were evaluated in benign epithelial cell lines BPH-1 and RWPE-1, which were cultured both in two-dimensional (2D) culture and three-dimensional (3D) culture model using hanging drop technique or 3D Matrigel model. ER antagonist, ICI182,780, was used to confirm the regulatory effects of E2 on EMT and phenotypic modulation. In 3D culture, immunohistochemical stainings were performed to detect the specific phenotype of cells that underwent EMT in acinar-like spheroids formed by RWPE-1. To illustrate the exact function of ERs in E2-induced EMT and phenotypic modulation, specific short interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and agonists were used to knockdown or activate individual ERs, respectively. RESULTS E2-induced EMT was observed both in 2D and 3D culture, with related regulation of EMT markers expression at both mRNA and protein level. In addition, E2 down-regulated luminal cell type markers CK18 and CK8 and up-regulated basal cell type markers CK5 and CK14. E2 also increased intermediate type markers CK15 and CK17, while it attenuated CK19 in 3D culture. ICI182,780 blocked E2-induced EMT and cell phenotypic switching. In 3D Matrigel culture, Vimentin was co-expressed with ERα and CK17, as well as with SMemb, which is related to cell status switching and proliferation. Knockdown of ERα but not GPR30 inhibited EMT, while ERβ knockdown facilitated EMT process. Knockdown of ERα blocked E2-induced EMT both in RWPE-1 and BPH-1. MRNA expression of EMT markers was stimulated by ERα-specific agonist PPT and inhibited by ERβ-specific agonist DPN. CONCLUSIONS Estrogenic effect mediated by ERα can promote EMT. E2 is also an inductive factor of cell phenotypic switching. Cell type modulation is associated with E2-induced EMT in benign prostatic epithelial cells. Taken together the results support a contribution of estrogens to the pathogenesis of BPH in elderly men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yanfei Peng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Shanghai First People's Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Department of Urology, Division of Experimental Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Qimei Lin
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jiandang Shi
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Bioactive Materials Key Lab of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Cooke PS, Nanjappa MK, Ko C, Prins GS, Hess RA. Estrogens in Male Physiology. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:995-1043. [PMID: 28539434 PMCID: PMC6151497 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens have historically been associated with female reproduction, but work over the last two decades established that estrogens and their main nuclear receptors (ESR1 and ESR2) and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) also regulate male reproductive and nonreproductive organs. 17β-Estradiol (E2) is measureable in blood of men and males of other species, but in rete testis fluids, E2 reaches concentrations normally found only in females and in some species nanomolar concentrations of estrone sulfate are found in semen. Aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens, is expressed in Leydig cells, seminiferous epithelium, and other male organs. Early studies showed E2 binding in numerous male tissues, and ESR1 and ESR2 each show unique distributions and actions in males. Exogenous estrogen treatment produced male reproductive pathologies in laboratory animals and men, especially during development, and studies with transgenic mice with compromised estrogen signaling demonstrated an E2 role in normal male physiology. Efferent ductules and epididymal functions are dependent on estrogen signaling through ESR1, whose loss impaired ion transport and water reabsorption, resulting in abnormal sperm. Loss of ESR1 or aromatase also produces effects on nonreproductive targets such as brain, adipose, skeletal muscle, bone, cardiovascular, and immune tissues. Expression of GPER is extensive in male tracts, suggesting a possible role for E2 signaling through this receptor in male reproduction. Recent evidence also indicates that membrane ESR1 has critical roles in male reproduction. Thus estrogens are important physiological regulators in males, and future studies may reveal additional roles for estrogen signaling in various target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Manjunatha K Nanjappa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gail S Prins
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rex A Hess
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Urology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Gonçalves BF, de Campos SGP, Góes RM, Scarano WR, Taboga SR, Vilamaior PSL. Dual action of high estradiol doses on MNU-induced prostate neoplasms in a rodent model with high serum testosterone: Protective effect and emergence of unstable epithelial microenvironment. Prostate 2017; 77:970-983. [PMID: 28401578 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens are critical players in prostate growth and disease. Estrogen therapy has been the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer for several decades; however, it has currently been replaced by alternative anti-androgenic therapies. Additionally, studies of its action on prostate biology, resulting from an association between carcinogens and estrogen, at different stages of life are scarce or inconclusive about its protective and beneficial role on induced-carcinogenesis. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine whether estradiol exerts a protective and/or stimulatory role on N-methyl-N-nitrosurea-induced prostate neoplasms. METHODS We adopted a rodent model that has been used to study induced-prostate carcinogenesis: the Mongolian gerbil. We investigated the occurrence of neoplasms, karyometric patterns, androgen and estrogen receptors, basal cells, and global methylation status in ventral and dorsolateral prostate tissues. RESULTS Histopathological analysis showed that estrogen was able to slow tumor growth in both lobes after prolonged treatment. However, a true neoplastic regression was observed only in the dorsolateral prostate. In addition to the protective effects against neoplastic progression, estrogen treatment resulted in an epithelium that exhibited features distinctive from a normal prostate, including increased androgen-insensitive basal cells, high androgens and estrogen receptor positivity, and changes in DNA methylation patterns. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen was able to slow tumor growth, but the epithelium exhibited features distinct from a normal prostatic epithelium, and this unstable microenvironment could trigger lesion recurrence over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca F Gonçalves
- Department of Cell Biology-Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana G P de Campos
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences-IBILCE, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences-IBILCE, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wellerson R Scarano
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences-IBILCE, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences-IBILCE, UNESP-Sao Paulo State University, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Mizoguchi S, Mori K, Wang Z, Liu T, Funahashi Y, Sato F, DeFranco DB, Yoshimura N, Mimata H. Effects of Estrogen Receptor β Stimulation in a Rat Model of Non-Bacterial Prostatic Inflammation. Prostate 2017; 77:803-811. [PMID: 28181685 PMCID: PMC5968815 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence showing that chronic non-bacterial prostatic inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). It has also been reported that estrogen receptor β (ERβ) could have an immunoprotective role in prostatic tissue. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ERβ-activation on not only prostatic inflammation, but also bladder overactive conditions in a rat model with nonbacterial prostatic inflammation. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 weeks, n = 15) were divided into three groups: sham-saline group (n = 5), formalin-vehicle group (n = 5), and formalin-treatment group (n = 5). The sham-saline group had sham operation and 50 μl normal saline injected into each ventral lobe of the prostate. The formalin-vehicle group had 50 μl 5% formalin injection into bilateral ventral lobes of the prostate. The formalin-treatment group was treated with 3α-Adiol (a selective ERβ agonist precursor) at a dose of 3 mg/kg daily from 2 days before induction of prostatic inflammation, whereas formalin-vehicle rats received vehicle (olive oil). In each group, conscious cystometry was performed on day 28 after intraprostatic formalin injection or sham treatment. After cystometry, the bladder and prostate were harvested for evaluation of mRNA expression and histological analysis. RESULTS In cystometric investigation, the mean number of non-voiding contractions was significantly greater and voiding intervals were significantly shorter in formalin-vehicle rats than those in sham-saline rats (P < 0.05). In RT-qPCR analysis, mRNA expression of NGF, P2X2, and TRPA1 receptors was significantly increased in the bladder mucosa, and mRNA expression of TNF-α, iNOS and COX2 in the ventral lobes of prostate was significantly increased in formalin-vehicle rats compared with sham-saline rats (P < 0.05). In addition, relative mRNA expression ratio of ERβ to ERα (ERβ/ERα) in the ventral lobes of prostate was significantly decreased in formalin-vehicle rats compared with sham-saline rats (P < 0.05). These changes were ameliorated by 3α-Adiol administration in formalin-treatment rats. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ERβ activation by 3α-Adiol administration, which normalized the ERβ/ERα expression ratio in the prostate, can improve not only prostatic inflammation, but also bladder overactivity. Therefore, ERβ agonists might be useful for treating irritative bladder symptoms in patients with symptomatic BPH associated with prostatic inflammation. Prostate 77:803-811, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Mizoguchi
- Department of Urology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Kenichi Mori
- Department of Urology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Teresa Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yasuhito Funahashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Fuminori Sato
- Department of Urology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Donald B. DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence to: Naoki Yoshimura, MD, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Suite 700 Kaufmann Medical Building, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology, Oita University Graduate School of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
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Yang DL, Xu JW, Zhu JG, Zhang YL, Xu JB, Sun Q, Cao XN, Zuo WL, Xu RS, Huang JH, Jiang FN, Zhuo YJ, Xiao BQ, Liu YZ, Yuan DB, Sun ZL, He HC, Lun ZR, Zhong WD, Zhou WL. Role of GPR30 in estrogen-induced prostate epithelial apoptosis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:517-524. [PMID: 28412354 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have implicated estrogen and the estrogen receptor (ER) in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); however, the mechanism underlying this effect remains elusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that estrogen (17β-estradiol, or E2)-induced activation of the G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) triggered Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum, increased the mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, and thus induced prostate epithelial cell (PEC) apoptosis. Both E2 and the GPR30-specific agonist G1 induced a transient intracellular Ca2+ release in PECs via the phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) pathway, and this was abolished by treatment with the GPR30 antagonist G15. The release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3 in response to GPR30 activation were observed. Data generated from the analysis of animal models and human clinical samples indicate that treatment with the GPR30 agonist relieves testosterone propionate (TP)-induced prostatic epithelial hyperplasia, and that the abundance of GPR30 is negatively associated with prostate volume. On the basis of these results, we propose a novel regulatory mechanism whereby estrogen induces the apoptosis of PECs via GPR30 activation. Inhibition of this activation is predicted to lead to abnormal PEC accumulation, and to thereby contribute to BPH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Liang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhu
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China; Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qing Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Nian Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wu-Lin Zuo
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ruo-Shui Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jie-Hong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Fu-Neng Jiang
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Yang-Jia Zhuo
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Bai-Quan Xiao
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Yun-Zhong Liu
- Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510240, China
| | - Dong-Bo Yuan
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Zhao-Lin Sun
- Department of Urology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Hui-Chan He
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
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Kheddache A, Moudilou EN, Zatra Y, Aknoun-Sail N, Amirat Z, Exbrayat JM, Khammar F. Seasonal morphophysiological variations in the prostatic complex of the Tarabul’s gerbil ( Gerbillus tarabuli ). Tissue Cell 2017; 49:345-357. [PMID: 28162243 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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de Mello Santos T, da Silveira LTR, Rinaldi JC, Scarano WR, Domeniconi RF. Alterations in prostate morphogenesis in male rat offspring after maternal exposure to Di- n -butyl-phthalate (DBP). Reprod Toxicol 2017; 69:254-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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71
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Han Z, Zhang L, Zhu R, Luo L, Zhu M, Fan L, Wang G. Relationship of oestrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms with risk for benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer in Chinese men. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e6473. [PMID: 28353585 PMCID: PMC5380269 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000006473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship of oestrogen receptor with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC) is not clear at present. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the occurrence and development of BPH and prostate.Two hundred forty-four PC cases, 260 BPH patients, and 222 healthy men were recruited from Han people in China, and the oestrogen receptor alpha (ESRα) gene polymorphism (rs2234693 [PvuII] and rs9340799 [XbaI]) on intron 1 was determined. The relationship of gene polymorphism with PC and BPH was evaluated with Logistic regression, and the linkage disequilibrium and haplotyping were assessed with SHEsis software.The risk for PC in BPH patients with PvuII C allele was higher (OR = 1.437, 95% CI: 1.110-1.859), but the differentiation degree of cancer cells was relatively better in PC patients with PvuII C allele (OR = 0.419, 95% CI: 0.285-0.616), and most of them are circumscribed (OR = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.485-1.02). There was significant linkage disequilibrium between PvuII and XbaI. The genotype TTAG not only induced BPH (OR = 6.260, 95% CI: 1.407-27.852), but increased the risk for PC (OR = 6.696, 95% CI: 1.504-29.801). However, the genotype TTAG in BPH patients had no relationship with the risk for PC (P > 0.05). Furthermore, men with haplotype TG were more likely to suffer PC (OR = 9.168, 95% CI: 2.393-35.119), but men with haplotype TA and enlarged prostate had a low risk for PC (OR = 0.708, 95% CI: 0.551-0.912).These results show the relationship between ESRα gene polymorphism and susceptibility to PC and BPH in Chinese men, and the ethnic and regional difference as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Han
- Luqiao Division of Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Luqiao Division of Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College
| | - Rujian Zhu
- Luqiao Division of Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College
| | - Lifei Luo
- Luqiao Division of Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College
| | - Min Zhu
- Central Lab of Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lilong Fan
- Central Lab of Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Guanfu Wang
- Luqiao Division of Affiliated Taizhou Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College
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Marcoccia D, Pellegrini M, Fiocchetti M, Lorenzetti S, Marino M. Food components and contaminants as (anti)androgenic molecules. GENES AND NUTRITION 2017; 12:6. [PMID: 28239427 PMCID: PMC5312591 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-017-0555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Androgens, the main male sex steroids, are the critical factors responsible for the development of the male phenotype during embryogenesis and for the achievement of sexual maturation and puberty. In adulthood, androgens remain essential for the maintenance of male reproductive function and behavior. Androgens, acting through the androgen receptor (AR), regulate male sexual differentiation during development, sperm production beginning from puberty, and maintenance of prostate homeostasis. Several substances present in the environment, now classified as endocrine disruptors (EDCs), strongly interfere with androgen actions in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. EDCs are a heterogeneous group of xenobiotics which include synthetic chemicals used as industrial solvents/lubricants, plasticizers, additives, agrochemicals, pharmaceutical agents, and polyphenols of plant origin. These compounds are even present in the food as components (polyphenols) or food/water contaminants (pesticides, plasticizers used as food packaging) rendering the diet as the main route of exposure to EDCs for humans. Although huge amount of literature reports the (anti)estrogenic effects of different EDCs, relatively scarce information is available on the (anti)androgenic effects of EDCs. Here, the effects and mechanism of action of phytochemicals and pesticides and plasticizers as possible modulators of AR activities will be reviewed taking into account that insight derived from principles of endocrinology are required to estimate EDC consequences on endocrine deregulation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Marcoccia
- Dpt. of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - ISS, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy.,Present address: Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, via A. Bianchi 9, 25124 Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Pellegrini
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy.,Present address: Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi, 58/b, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Fiocchetti
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Dpt. of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Food and Veterinary Toxicology Unit, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - ISS, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Marino
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale G. Marconi 446, I-00146 Rome, Italy
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Gangkak G, Bhattar R, Mittal A, Yadav SS, Tomar V, Yadav A, Mehta J. Immunohistochemical analysis of estrogen receptors in prostate and clinical correlation in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Investig Clin Urol 2017; 58:117-126. [PMID: 28261681 PMCID: PMC5330371 DOI: 10.4111/icu.2017.58.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Estrogens act through interaction with 2 receptor subtypes, ER alpha (ERα) and ER beta (ERβ), in human prostate. The aim of the present study was to semiquantitatively assess the differential expression of ER subtypes in human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by use of immunocytochemistry (IHC) methods and to explore their relationship with various measures of BPH. Materials and Methods A total of 45 patients with BPH undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate and 22 patients with bladder cancer with normal prostate undergoing surveillance cystoscopy were studied as cases and controls, respectively. Quantitative immunolabeling of ER subtypes was scored by use of a semiquantitative scale. Also, correlations were assessed between ER levels in prostate and various measures of BPH. Results Overall, we found strong immunostaining for ERα in stroma and for ERβ in epithelium, respectively. The IHC score for ERα differed significantly between BPH patients and controls in both stroma (p≤0.001) and epithelium (p=0.008), respectively. The ERβ IHC score was also significantly higher in the epithelium of BPH patients (p=0.01). Also, we found a significant correlation between prostatic ER levels and various clinical measures of BPH. Conclusions ERs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goto Gangkak
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Rohit Bhattar
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Alka Mittal
- Department of Pathology, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Sher Singh Yadav
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Vinay Tomar
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Ajay Yadav
- Department of Pathology, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
| | - Jayanti Mehta
- Department of Pathology, SMS Medical College & Attached Hospitals, Jaipur, India
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Deshmukh SK, Azim S, Ahmad A, Zubair H, Tyagi N, Srivastava SK, Bhardwaj A, Singh S, Rocconi RP, Singh AP. Biological basis of cancer health disparities: resources and challenges for research. Am J Cancer Res 2017; 7:1-12. [PMID: 28123843 PMCID: PMC5250676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Last few decades have witnessed remarkable progress in our understanding of cancer initiation and progression leading to refinement of prevention and treatment approaches. Although these advances have improved the survival of cancer patients in general, certain racial/ethnic groups have benefited only partially. Footprints of cancer-associated racial disparities are very much evident in cancers of the prostate, breast, cervical, colorectal, endometrium, liver and lung. These health inequalities are mostly attributed to socioeconomic differences among races, but there is a growing realization that these may actually be due to inherent biological differences as well. Indeed, significant data now exist to support the biological basis of racial disparities in cancer, warranting basic research investigations, using appropriate tools and model systems. In this article, we have aimed to succinctly review the literature supporting the biological bases of racial disparities in cancer, along with available resources, databases and model systems that will be of interest to researchers. Moreover, we have highlighted the specific areas that need attention in terms of development of resources and/or tools, and discuss the opportunities and challenges in basic biological research in cancer health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin K Deshmukh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Shafquat Azim
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Haseeb Zubair
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Nikhil Tyagi
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Sanjeev K Srivastava
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
- Division of Cell Biology and Genetics, Tatva Biosciences, Coastal Innovation Hub600 Clinic Drive, 3 Floor, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
| | - Arun Bhardwaj
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36688, USA
| | - Rodney P Rocconi
- Department of Interdisciplinary Clinical Oncology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36604, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of South AlabamaMobile, Alabama 36688, USA
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75
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Rao Q, Chen Y, Yeh CR, Ding J, Li L, Chang C, Yeh S. Recruited mast cells in the tumor microenvironment enhance bladder cancer metastasis via modulation of ERβ/CCL2/CCR2 EMT/MMP9 signals. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7842-55. [PMID: 26556868 PMCID: PMC4884958 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early clinical studies suggested that infiltrating mast cells could be associated with a poor outcome in bladder cancer (BCa) patients. The mechanisms of how mast cells influence the BCa progression, however, are unclear. Using the human clinical BCa sample survey and in vitro co-culture systems, we found BCa cells could recruit more mast cells than the surrounding non-malignant urothelial cells. The consequences of this better recruitment of mast cells toward BCa cells could then enhance BCa cell invasion. Mechanism dissection revealed that the enhanced BCa cell invasion could function via up-regulation of the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) in both mast cells and BCa cells, which resulted in the increased CCL2/CCR2/EMT/MMP9 signals. Using the pre-clinical mouse BCa model, we further validated the mast cell-promoted BCa invasion. Interruption of the newly identified ERβ/CCL2/CCR2/EMT/MMP9 pathway via either ERβ-siRNA, ERβ antagonist PHTPP, or CCR2 antagonist can effectively reverse the mast cell-enhanced BCa cells invasion. Together, our finding could lead to the development of an alternative new therapeutic approach to better treat BCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Sex Hormone Research Center, Department of Urology, Tongji Medical College/Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chiuan-Ren Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lei Li
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chawnshang Chang
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- George Whipple Lab for Cancer Research, Departments of Urology and Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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76
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Estrogen and estrogen receptor alpha promotes malignancy and osteoblastic tumorigenesis in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:44388-402. [PMID: 26575018 PMCID: PMC4792564 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of estrogen signaling in regulating prostate tumorigenesis is relatively underexplored. Although, an increasing body of evidence has linked estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) to prostate cancer, the function of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in prostate cancer is not very well studied. We have discovered a novel role of ERα in the pathogenesis of prostate tumors. Here, we show that prostate cancer cells express ERα and estrogen induces oncogenic properties in prostate cancer cells through ERα. Importantly, ERα knockdown in the human prostate cancer PacMetUT1 cells as well as pharmacological inhibition of ERα with ICI 182,780 inhibited osteoblastic lesion formation and lung metastasis in vivo. Co-culture of pre-osteoblasts with cancer cells showed a significant induction of osteogenic markers in the pre-osteoblasts, which was attenuated by knockdown of ERα in cancer cells suggesting that estrogen/ERα signaling promotes crosstalk between cancer and osteoblastic progenitors to stimulate osteoblastic tumorigenesis. These results suggest that ERα expression in prostate cancer cells is essential for osteoblastic lesion formation and lung metastasis. Thus, inhibition of ERα signaling in prostate cancer cells may be a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit the osteoblastic lesion development as well as lung metastasis in patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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77
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Peixoto AR, Santos TM, Brandt JZ, Delella FK, Gonçalves BF, Campos SGP, Taboga SR, Favaro WJ, Domeniconi RF, Scarano WR. Gestational and lactational exposition to Di-N-butyl-phthalate (DBP) increases inflammation and preneoplastic lesions in prostate of wistar rats after carcinogenic N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) plus testosterone protocol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:1185-1195. [PMID: 25728413 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, it was evaluated the susceptibility of prostatic lesions in male adult rats exposed to Di-N-butyl-phthalate during fetal and lactational periods and submitted to MNU plus testosterone carcinogenesis protocol. Pregnant females were distributed into four experimental groups: CN (negative control); CMNU (MNU control); TDBP100 (100 mg/kg of DBP); TDBP500 (500 mg/kg of DBP). Females from the TDBP groups received DBP, by gavage, from gestation day 15 (GD15) to postnatal day 21 (DPN21), while C animals received the vehicle (corn oil). CMNU, TDBP100, and TDBP500 groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of MNU (50 mg/kg) on the sixth postnatal week. After that, testosterone cypionate was administered subcutaneously two times a week (2 mg/kg) for 24 weeks. The animals were euthanized on PND220. Distal segment fragments of the ventral (VP) and dorsolateral prostate (DLP) were fixed and processed for histopathological analysis. Protein extracts from ventral prostate were obtained, and western blotting was performed to AR, ERα, MAPK (ERK1/2), and pan-AKT. Stereological analysis showed an increase in the epithelial compartment in TDBP100 and TDBP500 compared to CN. In general, there was increase in the incidence of inflammation and metaplasia/dysplasia in the DBP-treated groups, mainly in DLP, compared to CN and CMNU. Proliferation index was significant higher in TDBP500 and PIN (prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia) was more frequent in this group compared to CMNU. Western blot assays showed an increase in the expressions of AR and MAPK (ERK1/2) in the TDBP100 compared to CN, and ERα and AKT expressions were higher in the TDBP500 group compared do CN. These results showed that different doses of DBP during prostate organogenesis in Wistar rats could increase the incidence of premalignant lesions in initiated rats inducing distinct biological responses in the adulthood. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 1185-1195, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- André R Peixoto
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Talita M Santos
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Z Brandt
- Graduate Program in General and Applied Biology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia K Delella
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca F Gonçalves
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana G P Campos
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences; UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Letters and Exact Sciences; UNESP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner J Favaro
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas/UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Raquel F Domeniconi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Wellerson R Scarano
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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78
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Katsu Y, Cziko PA, Chandsawangbhuwana C, Thornton JW, Sato R, Oka K, Takei Y, Baker ME, Iguchi T. A second estrogen receptor from Japanese lamprey (Lethenteron japonicum) does not have activities for estrogen binding and transcription. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 236:105-114. [PMID: 27432813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens regulate many physiological responses in vertebrates by binding to the estrogen receptor (ER), a ligand-activated transcription factor. To understand the evolution of vertebrate ERs and to investigate how estrogen acts in a jawless vertebrate, we used degenerate primer sets and PCR to isolate DNA fragments encoding two distinct ER subtypes, Esr1a and Esr1b from the Japanese lamprey, Lethenteron japonicum. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that these two ERs are the result of lineage-specific gene duplication within the jawless fishes, different from the previous duplication event of Esr1 (ERα) and Esr2 (ERβ) within the jawed vertebrates. Reporter gene assays show that lamprey Esr1a displays both constitutive and estrogen-dependent activation of gene transcription. Domain swapping experiments indicate that constitutive activity resides in the A/B domain of lamprey Esr1a. Unexpectedly, lamprey Esr1b does not bind estradiol and is not stimulated by other estrogens, androgens or corticosteroids. A 3D model of lamprey Esr1b suggests that although estradiol fits into the steroid binding site, some stabilizing contacts between the ligand and side chains that are found in human Esr1 and Esr2 are missing in lamprey Esr1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Katsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan; Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Paul A Cziko
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | | | - Joseph W Thornton
- Departments of Ecology and Evolution and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rui Sato
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koari Oka
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takei
- Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Michael E Baker
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Taisen Iguchi
- Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan.
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79
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Lau KM, To KF. Importance of Estrogenic Signaling and Its Mediated Receptors in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1434. [PMID: 27589731 PMCID: PMC5037713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) treatment was first established by Huggins and Hodges in 1941, primarily described as androgen deprivation via interference of testicular androgen production. The disease remains incurable with relapse of hormone-refractory cancer after treatments. Epidemiological and clinical studies disclosed the importance of estrogens in PCa. Discovery of estrogen receptor ERβ prompted direct estrogenic actions, in conjunction with ERα, on PCa cells. Mechanistically, ERs upon ligand binding transactivate target genes at consensus genomic sites via interactions with various transcriptional co-regulators to mold estrogenic signaling. With animal models, Noble revealed estrogen dependencies of PCa, providing insight into potential uses of antiestrogens in the treatment. Subsequently, various clinical trials were conducted and molecular and functional consequences of antiestrogen treatment in PCa were delineated. Besides, estrogens can also trigger rapid non-genomic signaling responses initiated at the plasma membrane, at least partially via an orphan G-protein-coupled receptor GPR30. Activation of GPR30 significantly inhibited in vitro and in vivo PCa cell growth and the underlying mechanism was elucidated. Currently, molecular networks of estrogenic and antiestrogenic signaling via ERα, ERβ and GPR30 in PCa have not been fully deciphered. This crucial information could be beneficial to further developments of effective estrogen- and antiestrogen-based therapy for PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Mang Lau
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ka-Fai To
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, and Sir YK Pao Centre for Cancer, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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80
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McLachlan JA. Environmental signaling: from environmental estrogens to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and beyond. Andrology 2016; 4:684-94. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. A. McLachlan
- Department of Pharmacology Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans LA USA
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81
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Forte M, Di Lorenzo M, Carrizzo A, Valiante S, Vecchione C, Laforgia V, De Falco M. Nonylphenol effects on human prostate non tumorigenic cells. Toxicology 2016; 357-358:21-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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82
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Hass U, Christiansen S, Boberg J, Rasmussen MG, Mandrup K, Axelstad M. Low-dose effect of developmental bisphenol A exposure on sperm count and behaviour in rats. Andrology 2016; 4:594-607. [PMID: 27089241 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A is widely used in food contact materials and other products and is detected in human urine and blood. Bisphenol A may affect reproductive and neurological development; however, opinion of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) on bisphenol A (EFSA J, 13, 2015 and 3978) concluded that none of the available studies were robust enough to provide a point of departure for setting a tolerable daily intake for bisphenol A. In the present study, pregnant Wistar rats (n = 17-21) were gavaged from gestation day 7 to pup day 22 with bisphenol A doses of 0, 25 μg, 250 μg, 5 mg or 50 mg/kg bw/day. In the offspring, growth, sexual maturation, weights and histopathology of reproductive organs, oestrus cyclicity and sperm counts were assessed. Neurobehavioural development was investigated using a behavioural testing battery including tests for motor activity, sweet preference, anxiety and spatial learning. Decreased sperm count was found at the lowest bisphenol A dose, that is 25 μg/kg/day, but not at the higher doses. Reproductive organ weight and histology were not affected and no behavioural effects were seen in male offspring. In the female offspring, exposure to 25 μg/kg bw/day bisphenol A dose resulted in increased body weight late in life and altered spatial learning in a Morris water maze, indicating masculinization of the brain. Decreased intake of sweetened water was seen in females from the highest bisphenol A dose group, also a possible sign of masculinization. The other investigated endpoints were not significantly affected. In conclusion, the present study using a robust experimental study design, has shown that developmental exposure to 25 μg/kg bw/day bisphenol A can cause adverse effects on fertility (decreased sperm count), neurodevelopment (masculinization of spatial learning in females) and lead to increased female body weight late in life. These results suggest that the new EFSA temporary tolerable daily intake of 4 μg/kg bw/day is not sufficiently protective with regard to endocrine disrupting effects of bisphenol A in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hass
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - S Christiansen
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - J Boberg
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - M G Rasmussen
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - K Mandrup
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
| | - M Axelstad
- National Food Institute, Division of Diet, Disease Prevention and Toxicology, Technical University of Denmark, Søborg, Denmark
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83
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Hu DP, Hu WY, Xie L, Li Y, Birch L, Prins GS. Actions of Estrogenic Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals on Human Prostate Stem/Progenitor Cells and Prostate Carcinogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874070701610010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidences from epidemiological and animal-based studies indicate that early exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during the developmental stage results in a variety of disorders including cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that early estrogen exposure results in life-long reprogramming of the prostate gland that leads to an increased incidence of prostatic lesions with aging. We have recently documented that bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most studied EDCs with estrogenic activity has similar effects in increasing prostate carcinogenic potential, supporting the connection between EDCs exposure and prostate cancer risk. It is well accepted that stem cells play a crucial role in development and cancer. Accumulating evidence suggest that stem cells are regulated by extrinsic factors and may be the potential target of hormonal carcinogenesis. Estrogenic EDCs which interfere with normal hormonal signaling may perturb prostate stem cell fate by directly reprogramming stem cells or breaking down the stem cell niche. Transformation of stem cells into cancer stem cells may underlie cancer initiation accounting for cancer recurrence, which becomes a critical therapeutic target of cancer management. We therefore propose that estrogenic EDCs may influence the development and progression of prostate cancer through reprogramming and transforming the prostate stem and early stage progenitor cells. In this review, we summarize our current studies and have updated recent advances highlighting estrogenic EDCs on prostate carcinogenesis by possible targeting prostate stem/progenitor cells. Using novel stem cell assays we have demonstrated that human prostate stem/progenitor cells express estrogen receptors (ER) and are directly modulated by estrogenic EDCs. Moreover, employing anin vivohumanized chimeric prostate model, we further demonstrated that estrogenic EDCs initiate and promote prostatic carcinogenesis in an androgen-supported environment. These findings support our hypothesis that prostate stem/progenitor cells may be the direct targets of estrogenic EDCs as a consequence of developmental exposure which carry permanent reprogrammed epigenetic and oncogenic events and subsequently deposit into cancer initiation and progression in adulthood.
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84
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Pisolato R, Lombardi APG, Vicente CM, Lucas TFG, Lazari MFM, Porto CS. Expression and regulation of the estrogen receptors in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Steroids 2016; 107:74-86. [PMID: 26742628 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the expression, cellular localization and regulation of classic estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ, ER-α36 isoform and GPER in the androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3. In addition, we evaluated the relative contribution of these receptors to the activation of the ERK1/2 (extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases) signaling pathway. These four estrogen receptors were detected by Western blot assays and were shown by immunofluorescence assays to localize preferentially in extranuclear regions of PC-3 cells. In addition, treatment with 17β-estradiol (E2) (1 μM) for 24 h led to down-regulation of the classic estrogen receptors, whereas E2 at physiological concentration (0.1 nM) for 24h tended to increase the levels of ERα and ERβ. Furthermore, the ERα-selective agonist PPT selectively increased the expression of ERβ and the ERβ-selective agonist DPN increased ERα levels. None of these treatments affected expression of the ER-α36 isoform. The unusual cytoplasmic localization of the classic estrogen receptors in these cells differs from the nuclear localization in the majority of estrogen target cells and suggests that rapid signaling pathways may be preferentially activated. In fact, treatment with selective agonists of ERα, ERβ and GPER induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation that was blocked by the respective antagonists. On the other hand, activation of ERK1/2 induced by E2 may involve additional mechanisms because it was not blocked by the three antagonists. Taken together, the results indicate that there is a crosstalk between ERα and ERβ to regulate the expression of each other, and suggest the involvement of other receptors, such as ER-α36, in the rapid ERK1/2 activation by E2. The identification of new isoforms of ERs, regulation of the receptors and signaling pathways is important to develop new therapeutic strategies for the castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pisolato
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A P G Lombardi
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Vicente
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - T F G Lucas
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M F M Lazari
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Porto
- Section of Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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85
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Kathrins M, Doersch K, Nimeh T, Canto A, Niederberger C, Seftel A. The Relationship Between Testosterone-Replacement Therapy and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms: A Systematic Review. Urology 2016; 88:22-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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86
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Haider M, Lange PH. Breast and Prostate Cancers: A Comparison of Two Endocrinologic Malignancies. Prostate Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800077-9.00019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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87
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Rago V, Romeo F, Giordano F, Ferraro A, Carpino A. Identification of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in human prostate: expression site of the estrogen receptor in the benign and neoplastic gland. Andrology 2015; 4:121-7. [PMID: 26714890 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are involved in growth, differentiation and pathogenesis of human prostate through the mediation of the classical estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is a 'novel' mediator of estrogen signaling which has been recently recognized in some human reproductive tissues, but its expression in the prostate gland is still unknown. Here, we investigated GPER in benign (from 5 patients) and neoplastic prostatic tissues (from 50 patients) by immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting. Normal areas of benign prostates revealed a strong GPER immunoreactivity in the basal epithelial cells while luminal epithelial cells were unreactive and stromal cells were weakly immunostained. GPER was also immunolocalized in adenocarcinoma samples but the immunoreactivity of tumoral areas decreased from Gleason pattern 2 to Gleason pattern 4. Furthermore, a strong GPER immunostaining was also revealed in cells of pre-neoplastic lesions (high-grade prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia). Western blot analysis of benign and tumor protein extracts showed the presence of a ~42 kDa band, consistent with the GPER molecular weight. An increase in both pAkt and p cAMP-response-binding protein (pCREB) levels was also observed in poorly differentiated PCa samples. Finally, this work identified GPER in the epithelial basal cells of benign human prostate, with a different localization with respect to the classical estrogen receptors. Furthermore, the expression of GPER in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells was also observed but with a modulation of the immunoreactivity according to tumor cell arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Rago
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - F Romeo
- Pathologic Anatomy Unit, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - F Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - A Ferraro
- Pathologic Anatomy Unit, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - A Carpino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science and Nutrition, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
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88
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Wang Z, Kim J, Teng Y, Ding HF, Zhang J, Hai T, Cowell JK, Yan C. Loss of ATF3 promotes hormone-induced prostate carcinogenesis and the emergence of CK5(+)CK8(+) epithelial cells. Oncogene 2015; 35:3555-64. [PMID: 26522727 PMCID: PMC4853303 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sex hormones can induce prostate carcinogenesis, and are thought to contribute to the development of prostate cancer during aging. However, the mechanism for hormone-induced prostate carcinogenesis remains elusive. Here we report that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) – a broad stress sensor – suppressed hormone-induced prostate carcinogenesis in mice. While implantation of testosterone and estradiol (T+E2) pellets for 2 months in wild-type mice rarely induced prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in dorsal prostates (1 out of 8 mice), loss of ATF3 led to the appearance of not only PIN but also invasive lesions in almost all examined animals. The enhanced carcinogenic effects of hormones on ATF3-deficient prostates did not appear to be caused by a change in estrogen signaling, but were more likely a consequence of elevated androgen signaling that stimulated differentiation of prostatic basal cells into transformation-preferable luminal cells. Indeed, we found that hormone-induced lesions in ATF3-knockout mice often contained cells with both basal and luminal characteristics, such as p63+ cells (a basal cell marker) showing luminal-like morphology, or cells double-stained with basal (CK5+) and luminal (CK8+) markers. Consistent with these findings, low ATF3 expression was found to be a poor prognostic marker for prostate cancer in a cohort of 245 patients. Our results thus support that ATF3 is a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J Kim
- Department of Statistics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y Teng
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - H-F Ding
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - T Hai
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - J K Cowell
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - C Yan
- GRU Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA.,Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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89
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Zhao L, Woody SK, Chhibber A. Estrogen receptor β in Alzheimer's disease: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Ageing Res Rev 2015; 24:178-90. [PMID: 26307455 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionally affects women and men. The female susceptibility for AD has been largely associated with the loss of ovarian sex hormones during menopause. This review examines the current understanding of the role of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) in the regulation of neurological health and its implication in the development and intervention of AD. Since its discovery in 1996, research conducted over the last 15-20 years has documented a great deal of evidence indicating that ERβ plays a pivotal role in a broad spectrum of brain activities from development to aging. ERβ genetic polymorphisms have been associated with cognitive impairment and increased risk for AD predominantly in women. The role of ERβ in the intervention of AD has been demonstrated by the alteration of AD pathology in response to treatment with ERβ-selective modulators in transgenic models that display pronounced plaque and tangle histopathological presentations as well as learning and memory deficits. Future studies that explore the potential interactions between ERβ signaling and the genetic isoforms of human apolipoprotein E (APOE) in brain aging and development of AD-risk phenotype are critically needed. The current trend of lost-in-translation in AD drug development that has primarily been based on early-onset familial AD (FAD) models underscores the urgent need for novel models that recapitulate the etiology of late-onset sporadic AD (SAD), the most common form of AD representing more than 95% of the current human AD population. Combining the use of FAD-related models that generally have excellent face validity with SAD-related models that hold more reliable construct validity would together increase the predictive validity of preclinical findings for successful translation into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
| | - Sarah K Woody
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Anindit Chhibber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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90
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Maqbool F, Mostafalou S, Bahadar H, Abdollahi M. Review of endocrine disorders associated with environmental toxicants and possible involved mechanisms. Life Sci 2015; 145:265-73. [PMID: 26497928 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) are released into environment from different sources. They are mainly used in packaging industries, pesticides and food constituents. Clinical evidence, experimental models, and epidemiological studies suggest that EDC have major risks for human by targeting different organs and systems in the body. Multiple mechanisms are involved in targeting the normal system, through estrogen receptors, nuclear receptors and steroidal receptors activation. In this review, different methods by which xenobiotics stimulate signaling pathways and genetic mutation or DNA methylation have been discussed. These methods help to understand the results of xenobiotic action on the endocrine system. Endocrine disturbances in the human body result in breast cancer, ovarian problems, thyroid eruptions, testicular carcinoma, Alzheimer disease, schizophrenia, nerve damage and obesity. EDC characterize a wide class of compounds such as organochlorinated pesticides, industrial wastes, plastics and plasticizers, fuels and numerous other elements that exist in the environment or are in high use during daily life. The interactions and mechanism of toxicity in relation to human general health problems, especially endocrine disturbances with particular reference to reproductive problems, diabetes, and breast, testicular and ovarian cancers should be deeply investigated. There should also be a focus on public awareness of these EDC risks and their use in routine life. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize all evidence regarding different physiological disruptions in the body and possible involved mechanisms, to prove the association between endocrine disruptions and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Maqbool
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Mostafalou
- School of Pharmacy, Ardebil University of Medical Sciences, Ardebil, Iran
| | - Haji Bahadar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, International Campus (TUMS-IC), Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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91
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Porcaro AB, Novella G, Balzarro M, Martignoni G, Brunelli M, Cacciamani G, Cerruto MA, Artibani W. Prostate chronic inflammation type IV and prostate cancer risk in patients undergoing first biopsy set: Results of a large cohort study. Asian J Urol 2015; 2:224-232. [PMID: 29264150 PMCID: PMC5730755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In prostate specimens, chronic inflammatory infiltrate (CII) type IV has been detected, but its association with prostate cancer (PCa) is controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate on associations of CII with PCa detection in patients undergoing prostate first biopsy set. METHODS Ultrasound transrectal-guided biopsies by the transperineal approach were retrospectively evaluated in 441 consecutive patients. The study excluded patients who were in active surveillance, prostate specific antigen (PSA) ≥30 ng/mL, re-biopsies, incidental PCa after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), less than 14 cores or metastatic. Analysis of population and subpopulations (with or without PCa) was performed by statistical methods which included Mann-Whitney (U test), Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-squared statistic, logistic regression. Multivariate logistic regression models predicting mean probability of PCa detection were established. RESULTS PCa detection rate was 46.03%. Age, PSA, prostate volume (PV), prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and CII were the significant independent predictors of PCa detection. PV (OR = 0.934) and CII (OR = 0.192) were both negative independent predictors. CII was a significant negative independent predictor in multivariate logistic regression models predicting the mean probability of PCa detection by age, PSA and PV. The inverse association of CII with PCa does not necessary mean protection because of PSA confounding. CONCLUSION In a population of patients undergoing prostate first biopsy set, CII was a strong negative independent predictor of PCa detection. CII type IV should be considered as an adjunctive parameter in re-biopsy or active surveillance protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Benito Porcaro
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Novella
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Balzarro
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Guido Martignoni
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Brunelli
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cacciamani
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria A. Cerruto
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Walter Artibani
- Urologic Clinic, University Hospital, Ospedale Policlinico, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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92
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Kim SK, Chung JH, Park HC, Kim JH, Ann JH, Park HK, Lee SH, Yoo KH, Lee BC, Kim YO. Association between polymorphisms of estrogen receptor 2 and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1990-1994. [PMID: 26640585 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and estrogen receptors (ESRs) have been implicated in the stimulation of aberrant prostate growth and the development of prostate diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ESR2 gene in order to examine whether ESR2 is a susceptibility gene for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). In order to evaluate whether an association exists between ESR2 and BPH risk, four polymorphisms [rs4986938 (intron), rs17766755 (intron), rs12435857 (intron) and rs1256049 (Val328Val)] of the ESR2 gene were genotyped by direct sequencing. A total of 94 patients with BPH and 79 control subjects were examined. SNPStats and Haploview version 4.2 we used for the genetic analysis. Multiple logistic regression models (codominant1, codominant2, dominant, recessive and log-additive) were produced in order to obtain the odds ratio, 95% confidence interval and P-value. Three SNPs (rs4986938, rs17766755 and rs12435857) showed significant associations with BPH (rs4986938, P=0.015 in log-additive model; rs17766755, P=0.033 in codominant1 model, P=0.019 in dominant model and P=0.020 in log-additive model; rs12435857, P=0.023 in dominant model and P=0.011 in log-additive model). The minor alleles of these SNPs increased the risk of BPH, and the AAC haplotype showed significant association with BPH (χ2=6.34, P=0.0118). These data suggest that the ESR2 gene may be associated with susceptibility to BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kang Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Ho Chung
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Chul Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hong Ann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Industry Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Kuk Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Healthcare Industry Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyup Lee
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Koo Han Yoo
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Herbal Crop Utilization Research Team, Department of Medicinal Crop Research, Rural Administration, Soi-myeon, Eumseong-gun 369-873, Republic of Korea
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93
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Yang M, Wang J, Wang L, Shen C, Su B, Qi M, Hu J, Gao W, Tan W, Han B. Estrogen induces androgen-repressed SOX4 expression to promote progression of prostate cancer cells. Prostate 2015; 75:1363-75. [PMID: 26015225 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sex determing region Y-box 4 (SOX4) gene is a critical developmental transcriptional factor that is overexpressed in prostate cancer (PCa). While we and others have investigated the role of SOX4 overexpression in PCa, the molecular mechanism underlying its aberrant expression remains unclear. METHODS Immunohistochemistry were utilized to detect SOX4 expression and the correlation between estrogen receptor β (ERβ), androgen receptor (AR) and SOX4 in a cohort of 94 clinical specimens. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting were used to study the transcript and protein expression levels. Immunofluorescence staining and co-immunoprecipitation were performed to assess the interaction and subcellular location of ERβ and AR. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays and Luciferase reporter assays were performed to explore the binding and transcriptional activities of ERβ and AR to the SOX4 promoter. Cellular function was evaluated by MTS, invasion and wound healing assays. RESULTS SOX4 expression is up-regulated in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) tumors compared to hormone-dependent PCa (HDPC) cases. Increased expression was also observed in PCa cells after long-term androgen-deprivation treatment (ADT). In vitro data indicated that SOX4 is an AR transcriptional target and down-regulated by dihydrotestosterone (DHT) via AR. 17β-estradiol (E2) up-regulates SOX4 expression in the absence of androgen through the formation of a protein complex between ERβ and AR. Knockdown of AR or ERβ blocks the E2-induced SOX4 expression. ChIP assays confirmed that both ERβ and AR bind to the SOX4 promoter in response to E2. Functionally, silencing SOX4 significantly attenuates the proliferative effect, as well as the capacity of migration and invasion of E2 on PCa cells. Clinically, overexpression of SOX4 is significantly associated with ERβ expression in PCa. In addition, this association is still retained in CRPC patients with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that SOX4 is a novel DHT-repressed AR-target gene. E2 could promote proliferation of PCa cells through the up-regulation of SOX4 under androgen-depleted environment. Our data provides a possible molecular basis for the overexpression of SOX4 in CRPC and may facilitate the detection and prevention of the emergence of CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyi Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
- Research Center for Medicinal Biotechnology, Shandong Academy of Medicinal Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Chengwu Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Su
- Department of Neurobiology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Jinan Central Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Weiwei Tan
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Jinan, China
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Oxidative Stress Alters miRNA and Gene Expression Profiles in Villous First Trimester Trophoblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:257090. [PMID: 26339600 PMCID: PMC4538339 DOI: 10.1155/2015/257090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between oxidative stress and miRNA changes in placenta as a potential mechanism involved in preeclampsia (PE) is not fully elucidated. We investigated the impact of oxidative stress on miRNAs and mRNA expression profiles of genes associated with PE in villous 3A first trimester trophoblast cells exposed to H2O2 at 12 different concentrations (0-1 mM) for 0.5, 4, 24, and 48 h. Cytotoxicity, determined using the SRB assay, was used to calculate the IC50 of H2O2. RNA was extracted after 4 h exposure to H2O2 for miRNA and gene expression profiling. H2O2 exerted a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity on 3A trophoblast cells. Short-term exposure of 3A cells to low concentration of H2O2 (5% of IC50) significantly altered miRNA profile as evidenced by significant changes in 195 out of 595 evaluable miRNAs. Tool for annotations of microRNAs (TAM) analysis indicated that these altered miRNAs fall into 43 clusters and 34 families, with 41 functions identified. Exposure to H2O2 altered mRNA expression of 22 out of 84 key genes involved in dysregulation of placental development. In conclusion, short-term exposure of villous first trimester trophoblasts to low concentrations of H2O2 significantly alters miRNA profile and expression of genes implicated in placental development.
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95
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Bishak YK, Payahoo L, Osatdrahimi A, Nourazarian A. Mechanisms of Cadmium Carcinogenicity in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:9-21. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Adjakly M, Ngollo M, Dagdemir A, Judes G, Pajon A, Karsli-Ceppioglu S, Penault-Llorca F, Boiteux JP, Bignon YJ, Guy L, Bernard-Gallon D. Prostate cancer: The main risk and protective factors-Epigenetic modifications. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2015; 76:25-41. [PMID: 25592466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
With 13 million new cases worldwide every year, prostate cancer is as a very real public health concern. Prostate cancer is common in over-50s men and the sixth-leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Like all cancers, prostate cancer is multifactorial - there are non-modifiable risk factors like heredity, ethnicity and geographic location, but also modifiable risk factors such as diet. Diet-cancer linkages have risen to prominence in the last few years, with accruing epidemiological data pointing to between-population incidence differentials in numerous cancers. Indeed, there are correlations between fat-rich diet and risk of hormone-dependent cancers like prostate cancer and breast cancer. Diet is a risk factor for prostate cancer, but certain micronutrients in specific diets are considered protective factors against prostate cancer. Examples include tomato lycopene, green tea epigallocatechin gallate, and soy phytoestrogens. These micronutrients are thought to exert cancer-protective effects via anti-oxidant pathways and inhibition of cell proliferation. Here, we focus in on the effects of phytoestrogens, and chiefly genistein and daidzein, which are the best-researched to date. Soy phytoestrogens are nonsteroid molecules whose structural similarity lends them the ability to mimic the effects of 17ß-estradiol. On top of anti-oxidant effects, there is evidence that soy phytoestrogens can modulate the epigenetic modifications found in prostate cancer. We also studied the impact of phytoestrogens on epigenetic modifications in prostate cancer, with special focus on DNA methylation, miRNA-mediated regulation and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawussi Adjakly
- Département d'oncogénétique, CBRV, centre Jean-Perrin, 28, place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marjolaine Ngollo
- Département d'oncogénétique, CBRV, centre Jean-Perrin, 28, place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Aslihan Dagdemir
- Département d'oncogénétique, CBRV, centre Jean-Perrin, 28, place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gaëlle Judes
- Département d'oncogénétique, CBRV, centre Jean-Perrin, 28, place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amaury Pajon
- Département d'oncogénétique, CBRV, centre Jean-Perrin, 28, place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Seher Karsli-Ceppioglu
- Département d'oncogénétique, CBRV, centre Jean-Perrin, 28, place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Département de toxicologie, faculté de pharmacie, université de Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Frédérique Penault-Llorca
- ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire de pathologie médicale, centre Jean-Perrin, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jean-Paul Boiteux
- Département d'urologie, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Département d'oncogénétique, CBRV, centre Jean-Perrin, 28, place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Laurent Guy
- ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Département d'urologie, CHU Gabriel-Montpied, 58, rue Montalembert, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Dominique Bernard-Gallon
- Département d'oncogénétique, CBRV, centre Jean-Perrin, 28, place Henri-Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France; ERTICA, EA4677, université d'Auvergne, 28, place Henri-Dunant, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Gao H, Yang BJ, Li N, Feng LM, Shi XY, Zhao WH, Liu SJ. Bisphenol A and hormone-associated cancers: current progress and perspectives. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e211. [PMID: 25569640 PMCID: PMC4602822 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a carbon-based synthetic compound, exhibits hormone-like properties and is present ubiquitously in the environment and in human tissues due to its widespread use and biological accumulation. BPA can mimic estrogen to interact with estrogen receptors α and β, leading to changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, or migration and thereby, contributing to cancer development and progression. At the genetic level, BPA has been shown to be involved in multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, such as the STAT3, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT pathways. Moreover, BPA may also interact with other steroid receptors (such as androgen receptor) and plays a role in prostate cancer development. This review summarizes the current literature regarding human exposure to BPA, the endocrine-disrupting effects of BPA, and the role of BPA in hormone-associated cancers of the breast, ovary, and prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- From the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology (HG, B-JY, LMF, X-YS, W-HZ), Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Gynecology (NL), Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing 100021, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology (S-JL), Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Ngollo M, Lebert A, Dagdemir A, Judes G, Karsli-Ceppioglu S, Daures M, Kemeny JL, Penault-Llorca F, Boiteux JP, Bignon YJ, Guy L, Bernard-Gallon D. The association between histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and prostate cancer: relationship with clinicopathological parameters. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:994. [PMID: 25535400 PMCID: PMC4364597 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that genetic and epigenetic alterations are common events in prostate cancer, which may lead to aberrant expression of critical genes. The importance of epigenetic mechanisms in prostate cancer carcinogenesis is increasingly evident. In this study, the focus will be on histone modifications and the primary objectives are to map H3K27me3 marks and quantify RAR beta 2, ER alpha, SRC3, RGMA, PGR, and EZH2 gene expressions in prostate cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. In addition, a data analysis was made in connection with the clinicopathological parameters. METHODS 71 normal specimens and 66 cancer prostate tissues were randomly selected in order to assess the proportion of the repressive H3K27me3 mark and gene expression. H3K27me3 level was evaluated by ChIP-qPCR and mRNA expression using RT-qPCR between prostate cancer and normal tissues. Subsequently, western-blotting was performed for protein detection. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, and Tukey's test was used to correct for multiple comparisons (p-value threshold of 0.05). The principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant factorial analysis (DFA) were used to explore the association between H3K27me3 level and clinicopathological parameters. RESULTS The study demonstrated that H3K27me3 level was significantly enriched at the RAR beta 2, ER alpha, PGR, and RGMA promoter regions in prostate cancer tissues compared to normal tissues. After stratification by clinicopathological parameters, the H3K27me3 level was positively correlated with Gleason score, PSA levels and clinical stages for RAR beta 2, ER alpha, PGR, and RGMA. High H3K27me3 mark was significantly associated with decreased RAR beta 2, ER alpha, PGR and RGMA gene expressions in prostate cancer sample compared to the normal one. Moreover, the results showed that mRNA level of EZH2, AR and SRC3 are upregulated in prostate cancer compared to normal prostate tissues and this correlates positively with Gleason score, PSA levels and clinical stages. Obviously, these observations were confirmed by protein level using western-blot. CONCLUSIONS This data clearly demonstrated that H3K27me3 level correlated with aggressive tumor features. Also this study revealed that reverse correlation of RAR beta 2, ER alpha, PGR, and RGMA expressions with EZH2, SRC3, and AR expressions in prostate cancer tissues suggests that these genes are the target of EZH2. Therefore, all therapeutic strategies leading to histone demethylation with epigenetic drugs such as histone methyltransferase inhibitor may be relevant treatments against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yves-Jean Bignon
- Department of Oncogenetics, Centre Jean Perrin, CBRV, 28 place Henri Dunant, BP 38, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Zanatelli M, Silva DAL, Shinohara FZ, Góes RM, Santos FCA, Vilamaior PSL, Taboga SR. Actions of oestradiol and progesterone on the prostate in female gerbils: reversal of the histological effects of castration. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 26:540-50. [PMID: 23677028 DOI: 10.1071/rd12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The female prostate is a functionally active gland in several mammalian species, including humans and rodents. Investigations of prostate morphophysiology during the phases of the oestrous cycle have shown that the female prostate is influenced by fluctuations in serum concentrations of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of combined prolonged administration of E2 and P4 on the prostate in ovariectomised female gerbils. Ovariectomy caused atrophy and decreased glandular secretory activity. Administration of E2 and P4 (0.1mgkg(-1) diluted in 0.1mL of mineral oil, every 48h over 30 days) resulted in a recovery of overall prostate structure, as evidenced by increased epithelial height, mass and prostatic secretory activity, without leading the appearance of significant lesions. Evaluation of androgen receptor (AR) expression revealed increased immunoreactivity in the E2+P4-treated group. Immunostaining for oestrogen receptor (ER) α was decreased in the castrated groups, but increased in the group subjected to hormone treatment. There were no significant differences in ERβ immunoreactivity among the groups. Assessment of cell proliferation revealed greater immunoreactivity in the treated group. Together, the results indicate that the interaction between E2 and P4 may be responsible for maintaining female prostate gland histophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Zanatelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego A L Silva
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe Z Shinohara
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 255, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rejane M Góes
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda C A Santos
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, CP 131, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Patricia S L Vilamaior
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião R Taboga
- Laboratory of Microscopy and Microanalysis, Department of Biology, São Paulo State University, R Cristovão Colombo, 2265, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Androgens were at one time a therapeutic mainstay in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Despite comparable efficacy, SERMs and aromatase inhibitors eventually became the therapies of choice due to in part to preferred side-effect profiles. Molecular characterization of breast tumors has revealed an abundance of androgen receptor expression but the choice of an appropriate androgen receptor ligand (agonist or antagonist) has been confounded by multiple conflicting reports concerning the role of the receptor in the disease. Modern clinical efforts have almost exclusively utilized antagonists. However, the recent clinical development of selective androgen receptor modulators with greatly improved side-effect profiles has renewed interest in androgen agonist therapy for advanced breast cancer.
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