51
|
Zhang R, Tang L, Tian Y, Ji X, Hu Q, Zhou B, Ding Z, Xu H, Yang L. DP7-C-modified liposomes enhance immune responses and the antitumor effect of a neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine. J Control Release 2020; 328:210-221. [PMID: 32860927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To date, many clinical trials have been carried out with neoantigen-specific mRNA vaccines, and positive results have been achieved. However, further improvements in the efficiency of the intracellular delivery of mRNA and the production of a stronger immune response are still worth studying. In this study, we used the cholesterol-modified cationic peptide DP7 (VQWRIRVAVIRK), which was developed in our previous study, with a transmembrane structure and immunoadjuvant function to modify DOTAP liposomes to create a common mRNA delivery system. This system was intended to improve the efficiency of the delivery of mRNA encoding individualized neoantigens to dendritic cells (DCs) and enhance the activation of DCs. The system serves dual functions as a carrier and as an immunoadjuvant. As a carrier of mRNA, DP7-C-modified DOTAP liposomes (DOTAP/DP7-C) could transfer mRNA efficiently into different type of DCs in vitro. As an immunoadjuvant, DOTAP/DP7-C liposomes were shown to be more efficacious in stimulating DC maturation, CD103+ DC (contributing to antigen presentation) production and proinflammatory cytokine secretion than DOTAP liposomes both in vitro and in vivo. In animal studies, the subcutaneous administration of DOTAP/DP7-C/LL2 neoantigen-encoding mRNA complexes significantly inhibited the growth of LL2 in situ and the growth of subcutaneous tumors and stimulated the production of antigen-specific lymphocyte reactions, which were superior to the DOTAP/LL2 neoantigen-encoding mRNA complex group. In conclusion, DOTAP/DP7-C liposomes may serve as a potential universal mRNA delivery system, providing a simple method to increase the efficiency of intracellular mRNA delivery and the immunostimulatory activity of DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiuyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhenyu Ding
- Department of Pharmacy and Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Xu
- Precision Medicine Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, and Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China.
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Deng Y, Zhou Z, Ji W, Lin S, Wang M. METTL1-mediated m 7G methylation maintains pluripotency in human stem cells and limits mesoderm differentiation and vascular development. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:306. [PMID: 32698871 PMCID: PMC7374972 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01814-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 7-Methylguanosine (m7G) is one of the most conserved modifications in nucleosides within tRNAs and rRNAs. It plays essential roles in the regulation of mRNA export, splicing, and translation. Recent studies highlighted the importance of METTL1-mediated m7G tRNA methylome in the self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) through its ability to regulate mRNA translation. However, the exact mechanisms by which METTL1 regulates pluripotency and differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) remain unknown. In this study, we evaluated the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of METTL1 in regulating hiPSC self-renewal and differentiation in vivo and in vitro. Methods By establishing METTL1 knockdown (KD) hiPSCs, gene expression profiling was performed by RNA sequencing followed by pathway analyses. Anti-m7G northwestern assay was used to identify m7G modifications in tRNAs and mRNAs. Polysome profiling was used to assess the translation efficiency of the major pluripotent transcription factors. Moreover, the in vitro and in vivo differentiation capacities of METTL1-KD hiPSCs were assessed in embryoid body (EB) formation and teratoma formation assays. Results METTL1 silencing resulted in alterations in the global m7G profile in hiPSCs and reduced the translational efficiency of stem cell marker genes. METTL1-KD hiPSCs exhibited reduced pluripotency with slower cell cycling. Moreover, METTL1 silencing accelerates hiPSC differentiation into EBs and promotes the expression of mesoderm-related genes. Similarly, METTL1 knockdown enhances teratoma formation and mesoderm differentiation in vivo by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis in nude mice. Conclusion Our findings provided novel insight into the critical role of METTL1-mediated m7G modification in the regulation of hiPSC pluripotency and differentiation, as well as its potential roles in vascular development and the treatment of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Deng
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Zhongyang Zhou
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weidong Ji
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Shuibin Lin
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Zhu Y, Yan Z, Du Z, Zhang S, Fu C, Meng Y, Wen X, Wang Y, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Cui J, Li W. Osblr8 orchestrates intrachromosomal loop structure required for maintaining stem cell pluripotency. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:1861-1875. [PMID: 32398955 PMCID: PMC7211171 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.45112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived from reprogramming of somatic cells by a cocktail of transcription factors, have the capacity for unlimited self-renewal and the ability to differentiate into all of cell types present in the body. iPSCs may have therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine, replacing injured tissues or even whole organs. In this study, we examine epigenetic factors embedded in the specific 3-dimensional intrachromosomal architecture required for the activation of endogenous pluripotency genes. Using chromatin RNA in situ reverse transcription sequencing (CRIST-seq), we identified an Oct4-Sox2 binding long noncoding RNA, referred as to Osblr8, that is present in association with pluripotency status. Osblr8 was highly expressed in iPSCs and E14 embryonic stem cells, but it was silenced in fibroblasts. By using shRNA to knock down Osblr8, we found that this lncRNA was required for the maintenance of pluripotency. Overexpression of Osblr8 activated endogenous stem cell core factor genes. Mechanistically, Osblr8 participated in the formation of an intrachromosomal looping structure that is required to activate stem cell core factors during reprogramming. In summary, we have demonstrated that lncRNA Osblr8 is a chromatin architecture modulator of pluripotency-associated master gene promoters, highlighting its critical epigenetic role in reprogramming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Zi Yan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Zhonghua Du
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Shilin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Changhao Fu
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Xue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.,Stanford University Medical School, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Generation of Otic Lineages from Integration-Free Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Reprogrammed by mRNAs. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:3692937. [PMID: 32190057 PMCID: PMC7068143 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3692937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to the sensory hair cells and the spiral ganglion neurons of the cochlea leads to deafness. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a promising tool to regenerate the cells in the inner ear that have been affected by pathology or have been lost. To facilitate the clinical application of iPSCs, the reprogramming process should minimize the risk of introducing undesired genetic alterations while conferring the cells the capacity to differentiate into the desired cell type. Currently, reprogramming induced by synthetic mRNAs is considered to be one of the safest ways of inducing pluripotency, as the transgenes are transiently delivered into the cells without integrating into the genome. In this study, we explore the ability of integration-free human-induced pluripotent cell lines that were reprogrammed by mRNAs, to differentiate into otic progenitors and, subsequently, into hair cell and neuronal lineages. hiPSC lines were induced to differentiate by culturing them in the presence of fibroblast growth factors 3 and 10 (FGF3 and FGF10). Progenitors were identified by quantitative microscopy, based on the coexpression of otic markers PAX8, PAX2, FOXG1, and SOX2. Otic epithelial progenitors (OEPs) and otic neuroprogenitors (ONPs) were purified and allowed to differentiate further into hair cell-like cells and neurons. Lineages were characterised by immunocytochemistry and electrophysiology. Neuronal cells showed inward Na+ (INa) currents and outward (Ik) and inward K+ (IK1) currents while hair cell-like cells had inward IK1 and outward delayed rectifier K+ currents, characteristic of developing hair cells. We conclude that human-induced pluripotent cell lines that have been reprogrammed using nonintegrating mRNAs are capable to differentiate into otic cell types.
Collapse
|
55
|
RNA-Based Strategies for Cardiac Reprogramming of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020504. [PMID: 32098400 PMCID: PMC7072829 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multipotent adult mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) could represent an elegant source for the generation of patient-specific cardiomyocytes needed for regenerative medicine, cardiovascular research, and pharmacological studies. However, the differentiation of adult MSC into a cardiac lineage is challenging compared to embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells. Here we used non-integrative methods, including microRNA and mRNA, for cardiac reprogramming of adult MSC derived from bone marrow, dental follicle, and adipose tissue. We found that MSC derived from adipose tissue can partly be reprogrammed into the cardiac lineage by transient overexpression of GATA4, TBX5, MEF2C, and MESP1, while cells isolated from bone marrow, and dental follicle exhibit only weak reprogramming efficiency. qRT-PCR and transcriptomic analysis revealed activation of a cardiac-specific gene program and up-regulation of genes known to promote cardiac development. Although we did not observe the formation of fully mature cardiomyocytes, our data suggests that adult MSC have the capability to acquire a cardiac-like phenotype when treated with mRNA coding for transcription factors that regulate heart development. Yet, further optimization of the reprogramming process is mandatory to increase the reprogramming efficiency.
Collapse
|
56
|
Kathuria A, Lopez-Lengowski K, Watmuff B, McPhie D, Cohen BM, Karmacharya R. Synaptic deficits in iPSC-derived cortical interneurons in schizophrenia are mediated by NLGN2 and rescued by N-acetylcysteine. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:321. [PMID: 31780643 PMCID: PMC6882825 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0660-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human postmortem studies suggest a major role for abnormalities in GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Cortical interneurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of schizophrenia subjects showed significantly lower levels of glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67), replicating findings from multiple postmortem studies, as well as reduced levels of synaptic proteins gehpyrin and NLGN2. Co-cultures of the interneurons with excitatory cortical pyramidal neurons from schizophrenia iPSCs showed reduced synaptic puncta density and lower action potential frequency. NLGN2 overexpression in schizophrenia neurons rescued synaptic puncta deficits while NLGN2 knockdown in healthy neurons resulted in reduced synaptic puncta density. Schizophrenia interneurons also had significantly smaller nuclear area, suggesting an innate oxidative stressed state. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine increased the nuclear area in schizophrenia interneurons, increased NLGN2 expression and rescued synaptic deficits. These results implicate specific deficiencies in the synaptic machinery in cortical interneurons as critical regulators of synaptic connections in schizophrenia and point to a nexus between oxidative stress and NLGN2 expression in mediating synaptic deficits in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Kathuria
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.34Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Kara Lopez-Lengowski
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.34Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Bradley Watmuff
- 0000 0004 0386 9924grid.32224.35Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.66859.34Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA ,000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Donna McPhie
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Bruce M. Cohen
- 000000041936754Xgrid.38142.3cDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,0000 0000 8795 072Xgrid.240206.2Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA USA
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Chemical Biology and Therapeutic Science Program, Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA. .,Graduate Program in Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Chen Y, Yi Y, Xu J, Chan WK, Loh YH. Re-entering the pluripotent state from blood lineage: promises and pitfalls of blood reprogramming. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:3244-3252. [PMID: 31691960 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Blood reprogramming, in which induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are derived from haematopoietic lineages, has rapidly advanced over the past decade. Since the first report using human blood, haematopoietic cell types from various sources, such as the peripheral bone marrow and cord blood, have been successfully reprogrammed. The volume of blood required has also decreased, from around tens of millilitres to a single finger-prick drop. Besides, while early studies were limited to reprogramming methods relying on viral integration, nonintegrating reprogramming systems for blood lineages have been subsequently established. Together, these improvements have made feasible the future clinical applications of blood-derived iPSCs. Here, we review the progress in blood reprogramming from various perspectives, including the starting materials and subsequent reprogramming strategies. We also discuss the downstream applications of blood-derived iPSCs, highlighting their clinical value in terms of disease modelling and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yao Yi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Woon-Khiong Chan
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuin-Han Loh
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Epigenetics and Cell Fates Laboratory, Programme in Stem Cell, Regenerative Medicine and Aging, A*STAR Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
|