51
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Stiufiuc R, Iacovita C, Stiufiuc G, Bodoki E, Chis V, Lucaciu CM. Surface mediated chiral interactions between cyclodextrins and propranolol enantiomers: a SERS and DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:1281-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03413a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The enantioselective interactions between β-cyclodextrin and propranolol enantiomers proved by SERS and DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rares Stiufiuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- 400349 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Cristian Iacovita
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- 400349 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Gabriela Stiufiuc
- Faculty of Physics
- “Babes Bolyai” University
- 400084 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Ede Bodoki
- Department of Analytical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- 400349 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Vasile Chis
- Faculty of Physics
- “Babes Bolyai” University
- 400084 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
| | - Constantin M. Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy
- 400349 Cluj-Napoca
- Romania
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52
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Quality by design in the chiral separation strategy for the determination of enantiomeric impurities: development of a capillary electrophoresis method based on dual cyclodextrin systems for the analysis of levosulpiride. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1380:177-85. [PMID: 25582483 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quality by design (QbD) concepts, in accordance with International Conference on Harmonisation Pharmaceutical Development guideline Q8(R2), represent an innovative strategy for the development of analytical methods. In this paper QbD principles have been comprehensively applied in the set-up of a capillary electrophoresis method aimed to quantify enantiomeric impurities. The test compound was the chiral drug substance levosulpiride (S-SUL) and the developed method was intended to be used for routine analysis of the pharmaceutical product. The target of analytical QbD approach is to establish a design space (DS) of critical process parameters (CPPs) where the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the method have been assured to fulfil the desired requirements with a selected probability. QbD can improve the understanding of the enantioseparation process, including both the electrophoretic behavior of enantiomers and their separation, therefore enabling its control. The CQAs were represented by enantioresolution and analysis time. The scouting phase made it possible to select a separation system made by sulfated-β-cyclodextrin and a neutral cyclodextrin, operating in reverse polarity mode. The type of neutral cyclodextrin was included among other CPPs, both instrumental and related to background electrolyte composition, which were evaluated in a screening phase by an asymmetric screening matrix. Response surface methodology was carried out by a Doehlert design and allowed the contour plots to be drawn, highlighting significant interactions between some of the CPPs. DS was defined by applying Monte-Carlo simulations, and corresponded to the following intervals: sulfated-β-cyclodextrin concentration, 9-12 mM; methyl-β-cyclodextrin concentration, 29-38 mM; Britton-Robinson buffer pH, 3.24-3.50; voltage, 12-14 kV. Robustness of the method was examined by a Plackett-Burman matrix and the obtained results, together with system repeatability data, led to define a method control strategy. The method was validated and was finally applied to determine the enantiomeric purity of S-SUL in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
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53
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Posch TN, Pütz M, Martin N, Huhn C. Electromigrative separation techniques in forensic science: combining selectivity, sensitivity, and robustness. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:23-58. [PMID: 25381613 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In this review we introduce the advantages and limitations of electromigrative separation techniques in forensic toxicology. We thus present a summary of illustrative studies and our own experience in the field together with established methods from the German Federal Criminal Police Office rather than a complete survey. We focus on the analytical aspects of analytes' physicochemical characteristics (e.g. polarity, stereoisomers) and analytical challenges including matrix tolerance, separation from compounds present in large excess, sample volumes, and orthogonality. For these aspects we want to reveal the specific advantages over more traditional methods. Both detailed studies and profiling and screening studies are taken into account. Care was taken to nearly exclusively document well-validated methods outstanding for the analytical challenge discussed. Special attention was paid to aspects exclusive to electromigrative separation techniques, including the use of the mobility axis, the potential for on-site instrumentation, and the capillary format for immunoassays. The review concludes with an introductory guide to method development for different separation modes, presenting typical buffer systems as starting points for different analyte classes. The objective of this review is to provide an orientation for users in separation science considering using capillary electrophoresis in their laboratory in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjorben Nils Posch
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Central Institute for Engineering, Electronics and Analytics, Analytics ZEA-3, 52425, Jülich, Germany
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54
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Nageswara Rao R, Guru Prasad K. Stereo-specific LC and LC-MS bioassays of antidepressants and psychotics. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:21-40. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Nageswara Rao
- D215, Discovery Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 607 India
| | - K. Guru Prasad
- D215, Discovery Laboratory, Analytical Chemistry Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka Hyderabad 500 607 India
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55
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Liu YC, Chang SW, Chen CY, Chien IC, Lin CH. Separation and Determination of Cold Medicine Ingredients by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Using Sulfated β-Cyclodextrin as an Electrolyte Modifier and Chiral Selector. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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56
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Ma M, Su J, Sheng X, Su F, Li S, Xing P, Hao A. Rapid regio- and enantioselectivities and kinetic resolution of dl-lysine by an effective supramolecular system in water. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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57
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Cationic permethylated 6-monoamino-6-monodeoxy-β-cyclodextrin as chiral selector of dansylated amino acids in capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 99:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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58
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New approach for chiral separation: from polysaccharide-based materials to chirality-responsive polymers. Sci China Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-014-5206-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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59
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Tidemand KD, Schönbeck C, Holm R, Westh P, Peters GH. Computational Investigation of Enthalpy–Entropy Compensation in Complexation of Glycoconjugated Bile Salts with β-Cyclodextrin and Analogs. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10889-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506716d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kasper D. Tidemand
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Schönbeck
- NSM,
Research Unit for Functional Biomaterials, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Biologics
and Pharmaceutical Science, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - René Holm
- Biologics
and Pharmaceutical Science, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, DK-2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Peter Westh
- NSM,
Research Unit for Functional Biomaterials, Roskilde University, Universitetsvej 1, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Günther H. Peters
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Building 207, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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60
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Chen CY, Liu YC, Chien IC, Hsueh CC, Lin CH. Separation and Migration Behavior of Dichlorophenols in β-Cyclodextrin-Modified Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201400085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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61
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Ali I, Al-Othman ZA, Al-Warthan A, Asnin L, Chudinov A. Advances in chiral separations of small peptides by capillary electrophoresis and chromatography. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2447-66. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University); New Delhi India
| | - Zeid A. Al-Othman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Warthan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science; King Saud University; Riyadh Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Leonid Asnin
- Perm National Research Polytechnic University; Perm Russia
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62
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Aranyi A, Péter A, Ilisz I, Fülöp F, Scriba GKE. Cyclodextrin-mediated enantioseparation of phenylalanine amide derivatives and amino alcohols by capillary electrophoresis-Role of complexation constants and complex mobilities. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2848-54. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Aranyi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Jena Germany
| | - Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - István Ilisz
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; University of Szeged; Szeged Hungary
| | - Gerhard K. E. Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Friedrich Schiller University of Jena; Jena Germany
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63
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Řezanka P, Navrátilová K, Řezanka M, Král V, Sýkora D. Application of cyclodextrins in chiral capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2701-21. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Řezanka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Klára Navrátilová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Michal Řezanka
- Institute for Nanomaterials; Advanced Technologies and Innovation; Technical University of Liberec; Liberec Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - David Sýkora
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Institute of Chemical Technology; Prague Czech Republic
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64
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Salama NNED. Rapid chiral separation and impurity determination of ropivacaine and bupivacaine by Densitometry-HPTLC, using mucopolysaccharide as chiral mobile phase additive. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.5.2.214-218.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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65
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Merola G, Fu H, Tagliaro F, Macchia T, McCord BR. Chiral separation of 12 cathinone analogs by cyclodextrin-assisted capillary electrophoresis with UV and mass spectrometry detection. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:3231-41. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Merola
- Department of Chemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine; Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona; Verona Italy
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation; Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
| | - Hanzhuo Fu
- Department of Chemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
| | - Franco Tagliaro
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine; Unit of Forensic Medicine, University of Verona; Verona Italy
| | - Teodora Macchia
- Department of Therapeutic Research and Medicines Evaluation; Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy
| | - Bruce R. McCord
- Department of Chemistry; Florida International University; Miami FL USA
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66
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Tanaka M, Nagamatsu K, Nishi H. High-performance enantiomer separation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by 3 μm reversed-phase chiral columns and application to the optical purity testing of naproxen drug substances and its formulations. ANAL SCI 2014; 30:397-406. [PMID: 24614736 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.30.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The enantiomer separation of five nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen (KP) and naproxen (NX), which are included in The Japanese Pharmacopoeia 16th edition (JP16), was investigated by employing four kinds of 3 μm reversed-phase chiral columns (AD-3R, AS-3R, OD-3R and OJ-3R). Except for KP, the enantiomers of four NSAIDs were successfully separated by one of the four columns. Among five NSAIDs, only NX has been used as a single enantiomer (S-form, active form) in the clinical field (JP16); therefore, optical purity testing method of NX is required for its quality evaluation. Among four CSPs, the method was developed by using an AS-3R column, which showed good enantioselectivity for NX enantiomers. By optimizing the conditions, the resolution (Rs) of 2.55 was obtained for NX enantiomers within approximately 6 min. The minor enantiomer R-form eluted before the main active enantiomer S-form. Finally, the developed method was applied to the optical purity testing of NX active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and its formulations (tablet and capsule). Other than the minor enantiomer (R-form, inactive form, 0.21 - 0.78%), normal (not chiral) impurities at levels of 0.01-0.3% were simultaneously separated and determined by the method, showing an excellent separation capability of the method for those impurities including the minor enantiomer. The content uniformity test of the NX tablet according to JP16 was also successfully performed by the method with the AS-3R column. Normal phase separation with two chiral columns (AD-H and OD-H) and capillary electrophoretic (CE) separation were also investigated for five NSAIDs enantiomers to discuss the enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Tanaka
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University
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67
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Tang H, Sutherland ASM, Osusky LM, Li Y, Holzwarth JF, Bohne C. Chiral recognition for the complexation dynamics of β-cyclodextrin with the enantiomers of 2-naphthyl-1-ethanol. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2014; 13:358-69. [DOI: 10.1039/c3pp50298h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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68
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Simultaneous determination of phenylethanoid glycosides and aglycones by capillary zone electrophoresis with running buffer modifier. Anal Biochem 2013; 449:158-63. [PMID: 24269892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the separation efficiency of capillary electrophoresis (CE) is much higher than that of other chromatographic methods, it is sometimes difficult to adequately separate the complex ingredients in biological samples. This article describes how one effective and simple way to develop the separation efficiency in CE is to add some modifiers to the running buffer. The suitable running buffer modifier β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was explored to fast and completely separate four phenylethanoid glycosides and aglycones (homovanillyl alcohol, hydroxytyrosol, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, and caffeic acid) in Lamiophlomis rotata (Lr) and Cistanche by capillary zone electrophoresis with ultraviolet (UV) detection. It was found that when β-CD was used as running buffer modifier, a baseline separation of the four analytes could be accomplished in less than 20 min and the detection limits were as low as 10(-3) mg L(-1). Other factors affecting the CE separation, such as working potential, pH value and ionic strength of running buffer, separation voltage, and sample injection time, were investigated extensively. Under the optimal conditions, a successful practical application on the determination of Lr and Cistanche samples confirmed the validity and practicability of this method.
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69
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Jaramillo M, Kirschner DL, Dai Z, Green TK. Separation of sulfoalkylated cyclodextrins with hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1316:92-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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70
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Awad H, El-Aneed A. Enantioselectivity of mass spectrometry: challenges and promises. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2013; 32:466-483. [PMID: 23775620 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
With the fast growing market of pure enantiomer drugs and bioactive molecules, new chiral-selective analytical tools have been instigated including the use of mass spectrometry (MS). Even though MS is one of the best analytical tools that has efficiently been used in several pharmaceutical and biological applications, traditionally MS is considered as a "chiral-blind" technique. This limitation is due to the MS inability to differentiate between two enantiomers of a chiral molecule based merely on their masses. Several approaches have been explored to assess the potential role of MS in chiral analysis. The first approach depends on the use of MS-hyphenated techniques utilizing fast and sensitive chiral separation tools such as liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled to MS detector. More recently, several alternative separation techniques have been evaluated such as supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC); the latter being a hybrid technique that combines the efficiency of CE with the selectivity of LC. The second approach is based on using the MS instrument solely for the chiral recognition. This method depends on the behavioral differences between enantiomers towards a foreign molecule and the ability of MS to monitor such differences. These behavioral differences can be divided into three types: (i) differences in the enantiomeric affinity for association with the chiral selector, (ii) differences of the enantiomeric exchange rate with a foreign reagent, and (iii) differences in the complex MS dissociation behaviors of the enantiomers. Most recently, ion mobility spectrometry was introduced to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate chiral compounds. This article provides an overview of MS role in chiral analysis by discussing MS based methodologies and presenting the challenges and promises associated with each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Awad
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Thorvaldson Building, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 5C9
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71
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Lu Y, Shamsi SA. Comparison of positively and negatively charged achiral co-monomers added to cyclodextrin monolith: improved chiral separations in capillary electrochromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2013; 52:1109-20. [PMID: 24108813 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmt148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives have been one of the most popular and successful chiral additives used in electrokinetic chromatography because of the presence of multiple chiral centers, which leads to multiple chiral interactions. However, there has been relatively less published work on the use of CDs as monolithic media for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The goal of this study was to show how the addition of achiral co-monomer to a polymerizable CD such as glycidyl methacrylate β-cyclodextrin (GMA/β-CD) can affect the enantioselective separations in monolithic CEC. To achieve this goal, polymeric monoliths columns were prepared by co-polymerizing GMA/β-CD with cationic or anionic achiral co-monomers [(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and vinyl benzyltrimethyl-ammonium (VBTA)] in the presence of conventional crosslinker (ethylene dimethacrylate) and ternary porogen system including butanediol, propanol and water. A total of 34 negatively charged compounds, 30 positively charged compounds and 33 neutral compounds were screened to compare the enantioresolution capability on the GMA/β-CD, GMA/β-CD-VBTA and GMA/β-CD-AMPS monolithic columns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Shahab A Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
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72
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Zhou J, Ai F, Zhou B, Tang J, Ng SC, Tang W. Hydroxyethylammonium monosubstituted cyclodextrin as chiral selector for capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 800:95-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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73
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Separation and determination of chlorophenylpiperazine isomers in confiscated pills by capillary electrophoresis. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 84:140-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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74
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DFT studies on inclusion complexes of 1-phenyl-1-propanol enantiomers with modified cyclic decapeptides. Struct Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-013-0333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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75
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Burrai L, Nieddu M, Pirisi MA, Carta A, Briguglio I, Boatto G. Enantiomeric Separation of 13 New Amphetamine-Like Designer Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis, Using Modified--Cyclodextrins. Chirality 2013; 25:617-21. [DOI: 10.1002/chir.22185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Burrai
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Maria Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | | | - Antonio Carta
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Irene Briguglio
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Sassari Italy
| | - Gianpiero Boatto
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Sassari Italy
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76
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Rabanes HR, Quirino JP. Sweeping of alprenolol enantiomers with an organic solvent and sulfated β-cyclodextrin in capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1319-26. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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77
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Elbashir AA, Dsugi NFA, Mohmed TOM, Aboul-Enein HY. Spectrofluorometric analytical applications of cyclodextrins. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:1-7. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla A. Elbashir
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; University of Khartoum; Khartoum 11115 Sudan
| | - Nuha Fathi Ali Dsugi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science; University of Khartoum; Khartoum 11115 Sudan
| | | | - Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division; National Research Centre; Dokki Cairo 12311 Egypt
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78
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Hancu G, Simon B, Rusu A, Mircia E, Gyéresi Á. Principles of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography applied in pharmaceutical analysis. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:1-8. [PMID: 24312804 PMCID: PMC3846027 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since its introduction capillary electrophoresis has shown great potential in areas where electrophoretic techniques have rarely been used before, including here the analysis of pharmaceutical substances. The large majority of pharmaceutical substances are neutral from electrophoretic point of view, consequently separations by the classic capillary zone electrophoresis; where separation is based on the differences between the own electrophoretic mobilities of the analytes; are hard to achieve. Micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, a hybrid method that combines chromatographic and electrophoretic separation principles, extends the applicability of capillary electrophoretic methods to neutral analytes. In micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, surfactants are added to the buffer solution in concentration above their critical micellar concentrations, consequently micelles are formed; micelles that undergo electrophoretic migration like any other charged particle. The separation is based on the differential partitioning of an analyte between the two-phase system: the mobile aqueous phase and micellar pseudostationary phase. The present paper aims to summarize the basic aspects regarding separation principles and practical applications of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography, with particular attention to those relevant in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Hancu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Brigitta Simon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Aura Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Eleonora Mircia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Árpád Gyéresi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Târgu Mureş, Romania
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79
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Simultaneous determination of flavonoid analogs in Scutellariae Barbatae Herba by β-cyclodextrin and acetonitrile modified capillary zone electrophoresis. Talanta 2013; 105:393-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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80
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Zuo L, Meng H, Wu J, Jiang Z, Xu S, Guo X. Combined use of ionic liquid and β-CD for enantioseparation of 12 pharmaceuticals using CE. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:517-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zuo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Heng Meng
- Research Institute of China Resources Double-Crane Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; Chaoyang District Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Shuying Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
| | - Xingjie Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Shenyang Pharmaceutical University; Shenyang Liaoning Province P. R. China
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81
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Rocco A, Maruška A, Fanali S. Enantiomeric separations by means of nano-LC. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:421-44. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rocco
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies; Vytautas Magnus University; Kaunas Lithuania
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
| | - Audrius Maruška
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnologies; Vytautas Magnus University; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Salvatore Fanali
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Rome Italy
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82
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Abstract
Chiral recognition phenomena play an important role in nature as well as analytical separation sciences. In separation sciences such as chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, enantiospecific interactions between the enantiomers of an analyte and the chiral selector are required in order to observe enantioseparations. Due to the large structural variety of chiral selectors applied, different mechanisms and structural features contribute to the chiral recognition process. This chapter briefly illustrates the current models of the enantiospecific recognition on the structural basics of various chiral selectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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83
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has matured to one of the major liquid phase enantiodifferentiation techniques since the first report in 1985. This can be primarily attributed to the flexibility as well as the various modes available including electrokinetic chromatography (EKC), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). In contrast to chromatographic techniques, the chiral selector is mobile in the background electrolyte. Furthermore, a large variety of chiral selectors are available that can be easily combined in the same separation system. In addition, the migration order of the enantiomers can be adjusted by a number of approaches. In CE enantiodifferentiations the separation principle is comparable to chromatography while the principle of the movement of the analytes in the capillary is based on electrophoretic phenomena. The present chapter will focus on mechanistic aspects of CE enantioseparations including enantiomer migration order and the current understanding of selector-selectand structures. Selected examples of the basic enantioseparation modes EKC, MEKC, and MEEKC will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany,
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84
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Scriba GKE, Jáč P. Enantioseparations by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 970:271-287. [PMID: 23283784 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-263-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to their commercial availability, cyclodextrins are the most frequently used chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis as documented by the numerous publications in the field. A variety of migration modes can be realized depending on the characteristics of the cyclodextrins and the analytes. The basic considerations regarding the development of a chiral CE method employing cyclodextrins as chiral selectors are briefly discussed. The presented examples illustrate the separation modes of an acidic and a basic analyte with native and charged cyclodextrin derivatives as a function of the pH of the background electrolyte and the cyclodextrin concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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85
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Sueyoshi K, Koino H, Kitagawa F, Otsuka K. Sensitive enantioseparation by transient trapping-cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1269:366-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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86
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Ngim KK, Zhong Q, Mistry K, Chetwyn N. EFFECT OF SULFOBUTYL ETHER BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN MODIFIER ON SELECTIVITY OF REVERSED PHASE HPLC SEPARATIONS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2011.639116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenley K. Ngim
- a Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry & Quality Control, Genentech, Inc. , S. San Francisco , California , USA
| | - Qiqing Zhong
- a Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry & Quality Control, Genentech, Inc. , S. San Francisco , California , USA
| | - Kavita Mistry
- a Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry & Quality Control, Genentech, Inc. , S. San Francisco , California , USA
| | - Nik Chetwyn
- a Small Molecule Analytical Chemistry & Quality Control, Genentech, Inc. , S. San Francisco , California , USA
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87
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Highly sensitive chiral analysis in capillary electrophoresis with large-volume sample stacking with an electroosmotic flow pump. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1246:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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88
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89
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Acuña-Rougier C, Olea-Azar C. Thermodynamic and geometric study of diasteroisomeric complexes formed by racemic flavanones and three cyclodextrins through NMR. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-012-0153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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90
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Feng Q, Wanigasekara E, Breitbach ZS, Armstrong DW. Separation of multiply charged anions by capillary electrophoresis using alkyl phosphonium pairing agents. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:1153-61. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington; TX; USA
| | - Eranda Wanigasekara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington; TX; USA
| | - Zachary S. Breitbach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington; TX; USA
| | - Daniel W. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; The University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington; TX; USA
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91
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Cyclodextrins as a chiral mobile phase additive in nano-liquid chromatography: comparison of reversed-phase silica monolithic and particulate capillary columns. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:2935-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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92
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Recent progress in capillary electrophoretic analysis of amino acid enantiomers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3078-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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93
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Aguiar FA, de Gaitani CM, Borges KB. Capillary electrophoresis method for the determination of isradipine enantiomers: Stability studies and pharmaceutical formulation analysis. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2673-82. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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94
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Gu C, Shamsi SA. Evaluation of a methacrylate-bonded cyclodextrins as a monolithic chiral stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography (CEC)-UV and CEC coupled to mass spectrometry. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2727-37. [PMID: 21983821 PMCID: PMC3517074 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Glycidyl methacrylate-bonded β-cyclodextrin (GMA-β-CD) is synthesized as a new chiral monomer by direct chemical bonding with GMA using a fast and simple alternative procedure. Next, rigid and homogenous monolithic columns were prepared by polymerization of GMA-β-CD monomer with ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA), in the presence of commonly used porogens and a charged achiral monomer to form a versatile chiral monolith. This is the first report in which a preparation procedure for a methacrylate-bonded CD is introduced for chiral separations in CEC. The degree of substitution of GMA-β-CD monomer and mobile-phase parameters were optimized to achieve the highest enantioselectivity and plate number. To evaluate the GMA-β-CD monolithic column, different classes of chiral compounds were screened. Under the optimized β-CD monolith phase and the optimum mobile-phase conditions, 30 neutral and basic chiral compounds and two acidic compounds could be separated. The high chemical and mechanical stability, homogenous microflow and no loss of material at the interface allows for the first time the feasibility of applying this polymer-based monolithic column for CEC coupled to ESI-MS. Compared with CEC-UV, CEC-ESI-MS showed higher sensitivity and lower resolution. However, resolution greater than 1.0 can still be obtained for majority of the select tested compound in CEC-ESI-MS with at least three out of seven compound providing Rs≥1.5. The results reinforce the potential of GMA-β-CD monolithic columns for chiral separations with high sensitivity in CEC-ESI-MS. Finally, using hexobarbital as the model chiral analyte, the monolithic column demonstrated excellent stability and reproducibility of retention time and enantioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congying Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Shahab A. Shamsi
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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95
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Wu J, Liu P, Wang Q, Chen H, Gao P, Wang L, Zhang S. Investigation of Enantiomeric Separation of Chiral Drugs by CE Using Cu(II)–Clindamycin Complex as a Novel Chiral Selector. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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96
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Aturki Z, D'Orazio G, Rocco A, Fanali S. Advances in the enantioseparation of β-blocker drugs by capillary electromigration techniques. Electrophoresis 2011; 32:2602-28. [PMID: 21905049 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
β-Blocker drugs or β-adrenergic blocking agents are an important class of drugs, prescribed with great frequency. They are used for various diseases, particularly for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias, cardioprotection after myocardial infarction (heart attack), and hypertension. Almost all β-blocker drugs possess one or more stereogenic centers; however; only some of them are administered as single enantiomers. Since both enantiomers can differ in their pharmacological and toxicological properties, enantioselective analytical methods are required not only for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic studies but also for quality control of pharmaceutical preparations with the determination of enantiomeric purity. In addition to the chromatographic tools, in recent years, capillary electromigration techniques (CE, CEC, and MEKC) have been widely used for enantioselective purposes employing a variety of chiral selectors, e.g. CDs, polysaccharides, macrocyclic antibiotics, proteins, chiral ion-paring agents, etc. The high separation efficiency, rapid analysi,s and low consumption of reagents of electromigration methods make them a very attractive alternative to the conventional chromatographic methods. In this review, the development and applications of electrodriven methods for the enantioseparation of β-blocker drugs are reported. The papers concerning this topic, published from January 2000 until December 2010, are summarised here. Particular attention is given to the coupling of chiral CE and CEC methods to MS, as this detector provides high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Aturki
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Area della Ricerca di Roma, Monterotondo Scalo, Rome, Italy
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97
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Deng X, Hai X, Vervoort R, Pamperin D, Adams E, Van Schepdael A. Development and validation of a chiral capillary electrophoresis method for assay and enantiomeric purity control of pramipexole. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3070-6. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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98
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Diao P, Yuan H, Huo F, Chen L, Xiao D, Paau MC, Choi MMF. A simple and sensitive CE method for the simultaneous determination of catecholamines in urine with in-column optical fiber light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection. Talanta 2011; 85:1279-84. [PMID: 21807183 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive method has been developed for simultaneous analysis of three catecholamines: dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP) and norepinephrine (NE) in urine by capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with in-column fiber-optic light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence detection (ICFO-LED-IFD). Fluorescein isothiocyanate was used as the fluorescence tagged reagent for derivatization of DA, EP and NE. The CE conditions for separation of these catecholamines were systematically investigated. It was found that catecholamines could be more effectively separated by adding β-cyclodextin (β-CD) and acetonitrile (ACN) to a background electrolyte (BGE) of sodium borate. The migration times are 10.61, 10.83 and 11.14 min for DA, EP and NE, respectively and the catecholamines are completely separated within 11.5 min under the optimal condition of a BGE containing 10% v/v ACN, 20 mM β-CD and 20 mM sodium borate (pH 9.5), and an applied voltage of 13 kV. The relative standard deviations of migration time and peak area for these catecholamines are less than 0.16 and 2.0%, respectively. The limit of quantifications (LOQs) for DA, EP and NE are 3.5, 1.0 and 3.1 nM whereas the limit of detections (LODs) for DA, EP and NE are 1.0, 0.3 and 0.9 nM, respectively. Our proposed CE method provides low LOQ and LOD values. This CE-ICFO-LED-IFD methodology has been successfully applied to analyze catecholamines in human urine samples with good accuracy and satisfactory recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Diao
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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99
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Zhao H, Zhu Y, Tong M, He J, Liu C, Tang M. Density functional theory studies on the inclusion complexes of cyclic decapeptide with 1-phenyl-1-propanol enantiomers. J Mol Model 2011; 18:851-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-011-1119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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100
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Quenched phosphorescence as alternative detection mode in the chiral separation of methotrexate by electrokinetic chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2913-9. [PMID: 21499966 PMCID: PMC3102850 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Quenched phosphorescence was used, for the first time, as detection mode in the chiral separation of methotrexate (MTX) enantiomers by electrokinetic chromatography. The detection is based on dynamic quenching of the strong emission of the phosphorophore 1-bromo-4-naphthalene sulfonic acid (BrNS) by MTX under deoxygenated conditions. The use of a background electrolyte with 3 mg/mL 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 20% MeOH in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) and an applied voltage of 30 kV allowed the separation of L-MTX and its enantiomeric impurity D-MTX with sufficient resolution. In the presence of 1 mM BrNS, a detection limit of 3.2 × 10(-7) M was achieved, about an order of magnitude better than published techniques based on UV absorption. The potential of the method was demonstrated with a degradation study and an enantiomeric purity assessment of L-MTX. Furthermore, L-MTX was determined in a cell culture extract as a proof-of-principle experiment to show the applicability of the method to biological samples.
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