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Trindade AB, Schestatsky P, Torres VF, Gomes C, Gianotti GC, Paz AHDR, Terraciano PB, Marques JMV, Guimarães KM, Graça DL, Cirne-Lima EO, Contesini EA. Functional and regenerative effects of local administration of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells combined with silicone conduit on transected femoral nerve of rabbits. Res Vet Sci 2015; 102:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Song Y, Wang Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Li X, Chen B. Use of FK506 and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for rat hind limb allografts. Neural Regen Res 2014; 7:2681-8. [PMID: 25337114 PMCID: PMC4200736 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.34.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dark Agouti rat donor hind limbs were orthotopically transplanted into Lewis rat recipients to verify the effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on neural regeneration and functional recovery of allotransplanted limbs in the microenvironment of immunotolerance. bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were intramuscularly (gluteus maximus) injected with FK506 (tacrolimus) daily, and were transplanted to the injured nerves. Results indicated that the allograft group not receiving therapy showed severe rejection, with transplanted limbs detaching at 10 days after transplantation with complete necrosis. The number of myelinated axons and Schwann cells in the FK506 and FK506 + bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells groups were significantly increased. We observed a lesser degree of gastrocnemius muscle degeneration, and increased polymorphic fibers along with other pathological changes in the FK506 + bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group. The FK506 + bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells group showed significantly better recovery than the autograft and FK506 groups. The results demonstrated that FK506 improved the immune microenvironment. FK506 combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells significantly promoted sciatic nerve regeneration, and improved sensory recovery and motor function in hind limb allotransplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youxin Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhujun Wang
- Department of Research, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhixue Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Research, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde 067000, Hebei Province, China
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Chen P, Cescon M, Bonaldo P. The Role of Collagens in Peripheral Nerve Myelination and Function. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:216-25. [PMID: 25143238 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the peripheral nervous system, myelin is formed by Schwann cells, which are surrounded by a basal lamina. Extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the basal lamina play an important role in regulating Schwann cell functions, including adhesion, survival, spreading, and myelination, as well as in supporting neurite outgrowth. Collagens are a major component of ECM molecules, which include 28 types that differ in structure and function. A growing body of evidence suggests that collagens are key components of peripheral nerves, where they not only provide a structural support but also affect cell behavior by triggering intracellular signals. In this review, we will summarize the main properties of collagen family, discuss the role of extensively studied collagen types (collagens IV, V, VI, and XV) in Schwann cell function and myelination, and provide a detailed overview of the recent advances with respect to these collagens in peripheral nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy,
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Haro H, Nishiga M, Ishii D, Shimomoto T, Kato T, Takenouchi O, Koyanagi S, Ohba T, Komori H. Experimental chemonucleolysis with recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 7 in human herniated discs and dogs. Spine J 2014; 14:1280-90. [PMID: 24295797 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2013.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Chemonucleolysis has been proposed as a less invasive technique than surgery for patients with lumbar disc herniation. Once chymopapain had been approved as a chemonucleolysis drug, it was withdrawn because of serious complications. A novel agent with fewer complications would be desirable. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 7 (rhMMP-7) in experimental chemonucleolysis in vitro and in vivo and examine its effects on tissue damage. STUDY DESIGN The study design is the experimental study using human herniated discs and enzyme substrates in vitro and dogs in vivo. METHODS The effects of rhMMP-7 on the degradation of human herniated discs were examined by measuring the wet weight in vitro. The correlations between the decrease in wet weight by rhMMP-7 and the conditions associated with herniated discs were also analyzed. The effects of rhMMP-7 on the proteoglycan and water contents were respectively examined with alcian blue staining and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 7 days after intradiscal injection in dogs. The distribution of [125I]-labeled rhMMP-7 was investigated by autoradioluminography at 7 days after intradiscal injection in dogs. An epidural injection study with rhMMP-7 was performed to evaluate the effects on the tissue damage around the discs at 1 and 13 weeks after the treatment in dogs. The Type 1 and 2 collagen cleavage rates were measured and compared with those of aggrecan in vitro. RESULTS Recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 7 concentration dependently decreased the wet weight of herniated discs in vitro. The decrease in wet weight of the discs by rhMMP-7 did not significantly correlate with the conditions associated with herniated discs. Intradiscal injection of rhMMP-7 reduced the proteoglycan and water contents, with an increase in the serum keratan sulfate levels. Radioactivity of [125I]-labeled rhMMP-7 was detected in the nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus but not in the muscle. Epidural injection of rhMMP-7 had no effect on the injection site or the nerve tissues. The Type 1 and 2 collagen cleavage rates of rhMMP-7 were 1,000-fold weaker than those of aggrecan. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated experimental chemonucleolysis with rhMMP-7 in vitro and in vivo. The effects of rhMMP-7 were not affected by the conditions associated with herniated discs. The epidural injection study together with the autoradioluminography and in vitro enzyme assay suggests that intradiscal injection of rhMMP-7 may not induce tissue damage around the discs because of its distribution and substrate selectivity. Recombinant human matrix metalloproteinase 7 may be a novel and promising chemonucleolysis agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Haro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Nishiga
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ishii
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takasumi Shimomoto
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osami Takenouchi
- Teijin Institute for Bio-Medical Research, Teijin Pharma Limited, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koyanagi
- The Chemo-Sero-Therapeutic Research Institute (Kaketsuken), Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ohba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Komori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
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Lee JY, Parisi TJ, Friedrich PF, Bishop AT, Shin AY. Does the addition of a nerve wrap to a motor nerve repair affect motor outcomes? Microsurgery 2014; 34:562-7. [DOI: 10.1002/micr.22274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joo-yup Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery; St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Korea
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Li C, Zhang X, Cao R, Yu B, Liang H, Zhou M, Li D, Wang Y, Liu E. Allografts of the acellular sciatic nerve and brain-derived neurotrophic factor repair spinal cord injury in adult rats. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42813. [PMID: 22952613 PMCID: PMC3429476 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate whether an innovative growth factor-laden scaffold composed of acellular sciatic nerve (ASN) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) could promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS Following complete transection at the thoracic level (T9), we immediately transplanted the grafts between the stumps of the severed spinal cords. We evaluated the functional recovery of the hindlimbs of the operated rats using the BBB locomotor rating scale system every week. Eight weeks after surgery, axonal regeneration was examined using the fluorogold (FG) retrograde tracing method. Electrophysiological analysis was carried out to evaluate the improvement in the neuronal circuits. Immunohistochemistry was employed to identify local injuries and recovery. RESULTS The results of the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale indicated that there was no significant difference between the individual groups. The FG retrograde tracing and electrophysiological analyses indicated that the transplantation of ASN-BDNF provided a permissive environment to support neuron regeneration. CONCLUSION The ASN-BDNF transplantation provided a promising therapeutic approach to promote axonal regeneration and recovery after SCI, and can be used as part of a combinatory treatment strategy for SCI management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyu Li
- Key Laboratory in Cell Transplantation in Ministry of Health of China, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangtong Zhang
- Key Laboratory in Cell Transplantation in Ministry of Health of China, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ronglong Cao
- Key Laboratory in Cell Transplantation in Ministry of Health of China, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bohai Yu
- Immunity and Infection, Pathogenic Biology Key Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Hongsheng Liang
- Key Laboratory in Cell Transplantation in Ministry of Health of China, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dayong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Key Laboratory in Cell Transplantation in Ministry of Health of China, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Enzhong Liu
- Key Laboratory in Cell Transplantation in Ministry of Health of China, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- * E-mail:
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Ngeow WC, Atkins S, Morgan CR, Metcalfe AD, Boissonade FM, Loescher AR, Robinson PP. Histomorphometric changes in repaired mouse sciatic nerves are unaffected by the application of a scar-reducing agent. J Anat 2011; 219:638-45. [PMID: 21812777 PMCID: PMC3222843 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2011.01419.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Microsurgical repair of transected peripheral nerves is compromised by the formation of scar tissue and the development of a neuroma, thereby limiting the success of regeneration. The aim of this study was to quantify histomorphometrically the structural changes in neural tissue that result from repair, and determine the effect of mannose-6-phosphate (M6P), a scar-reducing agent previously shown to enhance regeneration. In anaesthetised C57-black-6 mice, the left sciatic nerve was sectioned and repaired using four epineurial sutures. Either 100 μL of 600 mm M6P (five animals) or 100 μL of phosphate-buffered saline (placebo controls, five animals) was injected into and around the nerve repair site. A further group acted as sham-operated controls. After recovery for 6 weeks, the nerve was harvested for analysis using light and electron microscopy. Analysis revealed that when compared with sham controls, myelinated axons had smaller diameters both proximal and distal to the repair. Myelinated axon counts, axonal density and size all decreased across the repair site. There were normal numbers and densities of non-myelinated axons both proximal and distal to the repair. However, there were more Remak bundles distal to the repair site, and fewer non-myelinated axons per Remak bundle. Application of M6P did not affect any of these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheong Ngeow
- Unit of Oral & Maxillofacial Medicine and Surgery, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Claremont Crescent, Sheffield, UK
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Ngeow W, Atkins S, Morgan C, Metcalfe A, Boissonade F, Loescher A, Robinson P. A comparison between the effects of three potential scar-reducing agents applied at a site of sciatic nerve repair. Neuroscience 2011; 181:271-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 02/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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The effect of Mannose-6-Phosphate on recovery after sciatic nerve repair. Brain Res 2011; 1394:40-8. [PMID: 21550591 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have determined the effect of applying Mannose-6-Phosphate (M6P), a scar reducing agent, to a site of sciatic nerve repair. In anaesthetised C57-Black-6 mice, the left sciatic nerve was sectioned and repaired using 4 epineurial sutures. Either 100 μl of 600 mM Mannose-6-Phosphate (29 animals), or 100 μl of phosphate buffered saline as a placebo control (29 animals), was injected into and around the nerve repair site. A further group acted as sham-operated controls. After 6 or 12 weeks of recovery the extent of regeneration was assessed electrophysiologically and the percentage area of collagen staining at the repair site was analysed using picrosirius red and image analysis. Gait analysis was undertaken pre-operatively and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 weeks postoperatively, to assess functional recovery. At 6 weeks the compound action potentials recorded from the regenerated nerves in the M6P group were significantly larger than in the placebo controls (P=0.015), and the conduction velocities were significantly faster (P=0.005), but there were no significant differences between these groups at 12 weeks. Gait analysis suggested better early functional recovery in the M6P group. In both repair groups there was a significant reduction in collagen staining between 6 and 12 weeks, suggestive of scar remodelling. We conclude that the normal scar remodelling process aids long term recovery in repaired nerves. Administration of 600 mM M6P to the nerve repair site enhances nerve regeneration and functional recovery in the early stages, and may lead to improved outcomes.
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Sinis N, Kraus A, Drakotos D, Doser M, Schlosshauer B, Müller HW, Skouras E, Bruck JC, Werdin F. Bioartificial reconstruction of peripheral nerves using the rat median nerve model. Ann Anat 2011; 193:341-6. [PMID: 21489766 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Different bioartificial tubes were recommended for peripheral nerve reconstruction in the past. In order to replace autologous nerve grafts this materials are still under review in different animal studies. Most of them are dealing with the rodent peripheral nerves. One very popular animal model to study different materials is the rat median nerve model. With its easy excess, simple behavioral tests and reliable long term results it is attractive to many scientists in this field. This review gives an overview about the past, current and future options in this model for bioartificial nerve tubes. It summarizes the evolution of successful implantation of different materials across short nerve gaps and demonstrates the obstacles arising from long nerve gaps and the problems associated to them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nektarios Sinis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Marthin-Luther-Hospital Berlin, Academic Department of the Charite, Caspar-Theyss-Strasse 27–31, Grunewald, Berlin, Germany.
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He JW, Kashyap D, Trevino LA, Liu H, Peng YB. Simultaneous absolute measures of glabrous skin hemodynamic and light-scattering change in response to formalin injection in rats. Neurosci Lett 2011; 492:59-63. [PMID: 21281696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous injection of formalin is a well-known model to study the nature of inflammatory pain. One of the cardinal signs of inflammation is redness, as a result of increased blood perfusion. We used an optical technology, light reflectance spectroscopy, to noninvasively obtain absolute measures of cutaneous hemodynamic components, including the concentrations of oxy- ([HbO]), deoxy- ([Hb]), total-hemoglobin ([HbT]), oxygen saturation (SO(2)), and the reduced light-scattering coefficient (μs'). The objective is to assess the effect of formalin-induced skin inflammation on the aforementioned parameters. Six rats were injected with formalin (50 μl, 3%) into left hind paw under pentobarbital anesthesia. Our results indicate prolonged increases in [HbO], [HbT], and SO(2) post injection only in the ipsilateral side. No statistically significant changes in [Hb] and μ(s)' occurred in either side. The arterial blood influx tends to be the major attribute of local hyperemia during inflammation. Thereby, [HbO] appears to be superior to [Hb] in measuring inflammation. In conclusion, the needle-probe-based light reflectance can be a feasible means to obtaining absolute measures of skin hemodynamic and light-scattering parameters when studying inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Wei He
- Department of Psychology, College of Science, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0528, USA
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Mey J, Brook G, Hodde D, Kriebel A. Electrospun Fibers as Substrates for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF POLYMERIC NANOFIBERS 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Evaluation of tissue components in the peripheral nervous system using Sirius red staining and immunohistochemistry: A comparative study (human, pig, rat). J Neurosci Methods 2010; 190:112-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Battiston B, Papalia I, Tos P, Geuna S. Chapter 1: Peripheral nerve repair and regeneration research: a historical note. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2009; 87:1-7. [PMID: 19682630 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7742(09)87001-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Although the most significant advances in nerve repair and regeneration have been acquired over the last few decades, the study of nerve repair and regeneration potential dates back to ancient times namely to Galen in the second century A.D. This brief historical note outlines the milestones which have guided us to our present knowledge. In particular, we focus on the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth century, an age in which the fathers of neurosurgery and neurobiology established the basis for most of the nerve repair and regeneration concepts used today. Finally, we shine a light on the most current history to show how recent pressure to use modern interdisciplinary and translational approach represents a sort of rediscovery of the scientific habits of the fathers of modern biomedicine, who used to carry out research from an integrated and broad point of view rather than from a super-specialized and specific one as it is often used today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Battiston
- Reconstructive Microsurgery Unit, Department of Orthopedics, C.T.O. Hospital, Turin 10126, Italy
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