51
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Wang T, Zhang YH, Kong XW, Lai YS, Ji H, Chen YP, Peng SX. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nitric Oxide-Donating Thalidomide Analogues as Anticancer Agents. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:466-74. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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52
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In vitro anticancer property of a novel thalidomide analogue through inhibition of NF-kappaB activation in HL-60 cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:134-40. [PMID: 19098937 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2008.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anticancer property and possible mechanism of action of a novel sugar-substituted thalidomide derivative (STA-35) on HL-60 cells in vitro. METHODS TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation was determined using a reporter gene assay. The MTT assay was used to measure cytotoxicity of the compound. The appearance of apoptotic Sub-G1 cells was detected by flow cytometry analysis. PARP cleavage and protein expression of NF-kappaB p65 and its inhibitor IkappaB were viewed by Western blotting. RESULTS TA-35 (1-20 micromol/L) suppressed TNF-alpha-induced NF-kappaB activation in transfected cells (HEK293/pNiFty-SEAP) in a dose- (1-20 micromol/L) and time-dependent (0-48 h) manner. It was also shown that STA-35 exerted a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on HL-60 cell proliferation with an IC(50) value of 9.05 micromol/L. In addition, STA-35 induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, as indicated by the appearance of a Sub-G1 peak in the cell cycle distribution, as well as poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage. Subsequently, both NF-kappaB p65 and its inhibitor IkappaB gradually accumulated in cytoplasmic extracts in a dose- and time-dependent manner, indicating the blockage of NF-kappaB translocation induced by TNF-alpha from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. CONCLUSION A novel sugar-substituted thalidomide derivative, STA-35, is potent toward HL-60 cells in vitro and induces apoptosis by the suppression of NF-kappaB activation.
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53
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Motoshima K, Ishikawa M, Sugita K, Hashimoto Y. Glycogen Phosphorylase a Inhibitors with a Phenethylphenylphthalimide Skeleton Derived from Thalidomide-Related .ALPHA.-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Liver X Receptor Antagonists. Biol Pharm Bull 2009; 32:1618-20. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.32.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Minoru Ishikawa
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kazuyuki Sugita
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
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54
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Zahran MAH, Salem TAR, Samaka RM, Agwa HS, Awad AR. Design, synthesis and antitumor evaluation of novel thalidomide dithiocarbamate and dithioate analogs against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-induced solid tumor in Swiss albino mice. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:9708-18. [PMID: 18951804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2008] [Revised: 09/27/2008] [Accepted: 09/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A series of 16 novel thalidomide sulfur analogs containing one and two sulfur atoms 2 and 4-18, respectively, were designed and synthesized. These compounds were screened for in vitro antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell line and exhibited potent cytotoxic activity. On the bases of the obtained results for in vitro cytotoxic activity, thalidomide sulfur analogs containing two sulfur atoms 8, 9, 13 and 14 were selected and tested in vivo against EAC-induced solid tumor in female mice compared to thalidomide 1 as well as its analog 2 and exhibited a highly significant reduction in tumor volume (TV). Results illustrated the antioxidative activity of these compounds as the level of hepatic lipid peroxidation decreased and levels of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were elevated. The histopathological investigations revealed that thalidomide sulfur analogs 2, 8, 9, 13 and 14 have antimitotic, apoptotic and necrotic activities against solid tumor. These compounds lead to increase of Fas-L expression. The immunohistochemical studies showed a decrease in Ki67 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) staining in tumor cells from treated-animals when compared with non-treated groups, which suggests an inhibition of tumor proliferation rate and angiogenic process associated with tumor growth. Compounds 9 and 13 were the most potent compounds in tumor necrosis without liver necrosis. At the same time, treatment with compound 9 resulted in liver degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy A-H Zahran
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufiya University, Egypt.
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55
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Hashimoto Y. Thalidomide as a Multi-Template for Development of Biologically Active Compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2008; 341:536-47. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200700217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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56
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Wang T, Zhang YH, Yu S, Ji H, Lai YS, Peng SX. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thalidomide analogues as potential anticancer drugs. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2008.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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57
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Ueyama J, Nadai M, Zhao YL, Kanazawa H, Takagi K, Kondo T, Takagi K, Wakusawa S, Abe F, Saito H, Miyamoto KI, Hasegawa T. Effect of thalidomide on endotoxin-induced decreases in activity and expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 3A2. Biol Pharm Bull 2008; 31:1596-600. [PMID: 18670095 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.31.1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide has been reported to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nitric oxide (NO) that are involved in the down-regulation of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) induced by endotoxin. In the present study, we investigated the effects of thalidomide on endotoxin-induced decreases in the activity and expression of hepatic CYP3A2 in rats. Thalidomide (50 mg/kg) was administered orally 22 h and 2 h before intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin (1 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after the injection of endotoxin, antipyrine clearance experiments were conducted, in which the rats were sacrificed and protein levels of hepatic CYP3A2 were measured. There were no significant differences in the histopathological changes in the liver between the endotoxin-treated and endotoxin plus thalidomide-treated rats. Thalidomide had no effect on the systemic clearance of antipyrine, which is a proper indicator for hepatic CYP3A2 activity, whereas it enhanced endotoxin-induced decrease in the systemic clearance of antipyrine. Western blot analysis revealed that thalidomide had no effect on the protein levels of hepatic CYP3A2, whereas it enhanced the down-regulation of hepatic CYP3A2 by endotoxin. However, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of TNF-alpha and NO in plasma between the endotoxin-treated and endotoxin plus thalidomide-treated rats. The present findings suggest that thalidomide enhances endotoxin-induced decreases in the activity and expression of hepatic CYP3A2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ueyama
- Department of Medical Technology, Nagoya University School of Health Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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58
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Progesterone receptor antagonists with a 3-phenylquinazoline-2,4-dione/2-phenylisoquinoline-1,3-dione skeleton. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:7046-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 05/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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59
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Brycki B, Kowalczyk I, Zieliński A, Borowiak T, Wolska I. Spectroscopic properties of N-n-hexyltetrachlorophthalimide and supramolecular interactions in its crystals. J Mol Struct 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2007.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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60
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Wang T, Zhang YH, Ji H, Chen YP, Peng SX. Synthesis and bioactivity of novel phthalimide derivatives. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2007.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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61
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Yamamoto T, Shibata N, Takashima M, Nakamura S, Toru T, Matsunaga N, Hara H. Enzymatic resolution and evaluation of enantiomers of cis-5′-hydroxythalidomide. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:1540-3. [DOI: 10.1039/b802459f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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62
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de-Blanco EJC, Pandit B, Hu Z, Shi J, Lewis A, Li PK. Inhibitors of NF-κB derived from thalidomide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:6031-5. [PMID: 17845850 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of compounds originally derived from thalidomide were synthesized and evaluated. The most potent compounds in this series, 5HPP-33 and compound 20, inhibited NF-kappaB activation in HeLa cells. Preliminary study indicated that the mechanism of inhibition of NF-kappaB activation is through inhibition of its translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esperanza J Carcache de-Blanco
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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63
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Noguchi-Yachide T, Aoyama A, Makishima M, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y. Liver X receptor antagonists with a phthalimide skeleton derived from thalidomide-related glucosidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3957-61. [PMID: 17498949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors with a chlorinated phthalimide or a thiophthalimide skeleton, derived from thalidomide, were found to possess liver X receptor (LXR) antagonistic activity. Novel LXR antagonists with a 2'-substituted phenylphthalimide skeleton were obtained by structural development of glucosidase inhibitors derived from thalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Noguchi-Yachide
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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64
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Meng XB, Han D, Zhang SN, Guo W, Cui JR, Li ZJ. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of N-phthalimidomethyl 2,3-dideoxy- and 2,3-unsaturated glycosides. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:1169-74. [PMID: 17407773 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2007] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
3,4,6-Tri-O-acetyl-D-galactal, 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal and 3,6,2',3',4'6'-hexa-O-acetyl-D-lactal were reacted with N-hydroxymethylphthalimide and boron trifluoride etherate to produce the corresponding phthalimidomethyl unsaturated glycosides via Ferrier rearrangement. When the galactal derivative was used, a non-Ferrier rearrangement product was also isolated as a minor product under classical Ferrier conditions. Phthalimidomethyl deoxy glycosides were readily prepared by hydrogenation of the unsaturated glycosides. Following deacetylation, the anti-inflammatory activities of these compounds were tested on mice and three were found to possess potent activity compared to hydrocortisone sodium succinate (HSS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Bao Meng
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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65
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Lee S, Shinji C, Ogura K, Shimizu M, Maeda S, Sato M, Yoshida M, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of isoindolinone-hydroxamic acid derivatives as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:4895-900. [PMID: 17588744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 06/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized hydroxamic acid derivatives bearing a 4-(3-pyridyl)phenyl group as a cap structure, and found that they exhibit potent histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory activity. A representative compound, 17a, showed more potent growth-inhibitory activity against pancreatic cancer cells and greater upregulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) expression than the clinically used HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (Zolinza).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoukou Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
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66
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Nakamura T, Noguchi T, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y. Hydrolyzed metabolites of thalidomide: synthesis and TNF-alpha production-inhibitory activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:651-4. [PMID: 17409565 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Putative hydrolyzed metabolites of thalidomide were prepared and characterized, and their inhibitory activity on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was evaluated. Alpha-(2-Carboxybenzamido)glutarimide was a more potent TNF-alpha production inhibitor than thalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nakamura
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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67
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Nakamura T, Noguchi T, Kobayashi H, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y. Mono- and dihydroxylated metabolites of thalidomide: synthesis and TNF-alpha production-inhibitory activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 54:1709-14. [PMID: 17139107 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mono- and dihydroxylated metabolites of thalidomide were efficiently prepared and characterized, and their inhibitory activity on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production in the human monocytic leukemia cell line THP-1 was evaluated. 5,N-Dihydroxythalidomide was a much more potent TNF-alpha production inhibitor than thalidomide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nakamura
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
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68
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de Almeida MV, Teixeira FM, de Souza MVN, Amarante GW, Alves CCDS, Cardoso SH, Mattos AM, Ferreira AP, Teixeira HC. Thalidomide Analogs from Diamines: Synthesis and Evaluation as Inhibitors of TNF-.ALPHA. Production. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:223-6. [PMID: 17268092 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen thalidomide analogs bearing two phthalimido units were prepared in high yields (83-94%) by condensation of different diamines with phthalic or 3-nitrophthalic anhydride. An in vitro investigation of the compounds as inhibitors of the TNF-alpha production was performed. The inhibition was higher for compounds bearing amino and nitro groups and was modulated by increasing the size of the spacers between the phthalimide groups.
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69
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Aoyama H, Noguchi T, Misawa T, Nakamura T, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y, Kobayashi H. Development of Tubulin-Polymerization Inhibitors Based on the Thalidomide Skeleton. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:944-9. [PMID: 17541201 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized a series of compounds based on the potent tubulin-polymerization inhibitor 5-hydroxy-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione [5HPP-33 (3)], which is structurally derived from thalidomide (1), and investigated their inhibitory effects on tubulin polymerization. Direct interaction between 5HPP-33 (3) and alpha,beta-tubulin heterodimer protein was demonstrated by means of a surface plasmon resonance study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Aoyama
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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70
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Abstract
Studies in our laboratory are focused on structural development studies of biological response modifiers (BRMs), including nuclear receptor (NR) ligands, which act directly on cells at the gene expression level, and thalidomide (and related molecules), which modulates a variety of physiological processes. Our studies on the molecular design of ligands for retinoic acid receptor (RAR), androgen receptor (AR), vitamin D receptor (VDR), farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinnosuke Hosoda
- 1Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- 1Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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71
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Noguchi-Yachide T, Miyachi H, Aoyama H, Aoyama A, Makishima M, Hashimoto Y. Structural Development of Liver X Receptor (LXR) Antagonists Derived from Thalidomide-Related Glucosidase Inhibitors. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:1750-4. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroyuki Miyachi
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | - Atsushi Aoyama
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
| | | | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo
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72
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Shinji C, Maeda S, Imai K, Yoshida M, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of cyclic amide/imide-bearing hydroxamic acid derivatives as class-selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:7625-51. [PMID: 16877001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of hydroxamic acid derivatives bearing a cyclic amide/imide group as a linker and/or cap structure, prepared during our structural development studies based on thalidomide, showed class-selective potent histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitory activity. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the steric character of the substituent introduced at the cyclic amide/imide nitrogen atom, the presence of the amide/imide carbonyl group, the hydroxamic acid structure, the shape of the linking group, and the distance between the zinc-binding hydroxamic acid group and the cap structure are all important for HDAC-inhibitory activity and class selectivity. A representative compound (30w) showed potent p21 promoter activity, comparable with that of trichostatin A (TSA), and its cytostatic activity against cells of the human prostate cell line LNCaP was more potent than that of the well-known HDAC inhibitor, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Shinji
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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73
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Ichikawa A, Ono H. Preparation of single-enantiomer 2-methyl-4-heptanol, a pheromone of Metamasius hemipterus, using (S)-2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1117:38-46. [PMID: 16631765 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.03.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the resolution of secondary alcohols using 2-methoxy-2-(1-naphthyl)propionic acid (MalphaNP acid), 2-methyl-4-heptanol, one of the aggregation pheromones of Metamasius hemipterus, was resolved using (S)-MalphaNP acid. As a chiral-resolving agent, MalphaNP acid is superior to 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-methoxy-2-phenylpropionic acid (MTPA) in terms of HPLC separation and NMR shielding. A better separation of diastereomeric MalphaNP esters was observed when n-hexane-THF was used as the eluent for silica gel HPLC. The solvolysis of the diastereomeric MalphaNP esters gave (R)-2-methyl-4-heptanol and its enantiomer; enantiopure (S)-MalphaNP acid was also recovered. In addition, the preferred conformation of the MalphaNP ester was confirmed using methyl (R)-3-hydroxyvalerate as an authentic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Ichikawa
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8634, Japan.
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74
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Golenser J, McQuillan J, Hee L, Mitchell AJ, Hunt NH. Conventional and experimental treatment of cerebral malaria. Int J Parasitol 2006; 36:583-93. [PMID: 16603167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2006.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 02/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The most severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection is cerebral malaria (CM). Cerebral malaria implies the presence of neurological features, especially impaired consciousness. The treatment of CM is limited to: (i) a few conventional anti-malarial drugs (quinine or artemisinins), (ii) adjunctive treatments (initial stabilisation, blood exchange transfusion, osmotic diuretics and correction of hypoglycaemia, acidosis and hypovolaemia) and (iii) immunomodulation. There are clear procedures concerning treatment of CM, which include the use of the anti-plasmodial drugs. Adjunctive treatments are permissible but there is no single official guideline and immune intervention is a possibility currently being examined in rodent models only. The suggested immunomodulation approach is based on the strong likelihood that CM is the result of an immunopathological process. P. falciparum initiates the multifactorial chain of events leading to lethal CM and, after a certain stage, it is impossible to stop the progression even by using anti-malarial drugs. We present evidence that CM is a result of a dysregulated immune response. Therefore, it might be prevented by early modulation of discrete factors that participate in this process. In experimental systems, some immunomodulators delay or prevent CM without affecting the parasitaemia. Therefore, in the future the ultimate treatment of CM may be a combination of an anti-malarial and an immunomodulator. However, the overall effect of an immunomodulator would need to be carefully examined in view of concomitant infections, especially in malaria endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Golenser
- Department of Parasitology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel.
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75
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Abstract
Nutritional and metabolic derangements are highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and patients on renal replacement therapy. These derangements, which can be termed uremic malnutrition, significantly affect the high morbidity and mortality rates observed in this patient population. Uremic malnutrition clearly is related to multiple factors encountered during the predialysis stage and during chronic dialysis therapy. Several preliminary studies suggested that interventions to improve the nutritional status and metabolic status of uremic patients actually may improve the expected outcome in these patients, although their long-term efficacy is not well established. It therefore is important to emphasize that uremic malnutrition is a major comorbid condition in CKD and renal replacement therapy patients, and that all efforts should be made to try to understand better and treat these conditions effectively to improve not only mortality but also the quality of life of chronically uremic patients. In this article we review the current state of knowledge in the field of nutrition and metabolism in all stages of CKD and renal replacement therapy, including kidney transplant. We also address questions that face investigators in this field and suggest where future research might be headed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara B Pupim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2372, USA.
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76
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Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Nuclear receptor antagonists designed based on the helix-folding inhibition hypothesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:5080-93. [PMID: 16051104 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Revised: 03/14/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Here we review our studies on the molecular design of nuclear receptor antagonists, including retinoic acid receptor (RAR) antagonists, retinoid X receptor (RXR) antagonists, androgen receptor (AR) antagonists, and vitamin D receptor (VDR) antagonists, based on inhibition of folding of helix 12, which contains a co-activator binding site. Recent progress in structural development studies of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) ligands is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan.
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77
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Shinji C, Nakamura T, Maeda S, Yoshida M, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design and synthesis of phthalimide-type histone deacetylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4427-31. [PMID: 16137884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Revised: 07/11/2005] [Accepted: 07/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Several hydroxamic acid derivatives with a substituted phthalimide group as a linker and/or cap structure, prepared during structural development studies based on thalidomide, were found to have histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibitory activity. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that nature of the substituent introduced at the phthalimide nitrogen atom, introduction of a hydroxamic acid structure, and distance between the N-hydroxyl group and the cap structure are important for HDAC-inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Shinji
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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78
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Gao
- Division of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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79
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Sano H, Noguchi T, Tanatani A, Hashimoto Y, Miyachi H. Design and synthesis of subtype-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors derived from thalidomide. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:3079-91. [PMID: 15809144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted indoline and indole derivatives with cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitory activity was prepared during our structural development studies based on thalidomide as a multi-template lead compound. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the nature of the substituent introduced at the benzene ring of the indoline (indole) backbone, and the length and type of the linking group between the nitrogen atom of indoline (indole) and the N-substituent are important for the activity. This study has led to the identification of COX-1-selective inhibitors, and these should be useful not only as pharmacological tools to investigate the physiology and pathophysiology of COX, but also as sophisticated leads for the development of novel drugs to treat COX-associated diseases, such as inflammatory diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Sano
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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80
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Noguchi T, Miyachi H, Katayama R, Naito M, Hashimoto Y. Cell differentiation inducers derived from thalidomide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:3212-5. [PMID: 15936192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2005] [Revised: 04/27/2005] [Accepted: 05/02/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxy- and 4-amino-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione (5HPP-33 and 4APP-33, respectively) have been shown to possess cell differentiation-inducing activity toward human leukemia cell line HL-60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Noguchi
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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81
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Machado AL, Lima LM, Araújo JX, Fraga CAM, Koatz VLG, Barreiro EJ. Design, synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of novel phthalimide derivatives, structurally related to thalidomide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:1169-72. [PMID: 15686935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As part of an ongoing effort to develop new thalidomide analogues as antiinflammatory lead-candidates, this paper describes the synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of novel N-phenyl-phthalimide functionalized derivatives (4a-d, 5a,b, 6a,b). The target compounds were assayed in an acute lung inflammatory model and all compounds were able to inhibit TNF-alpha production and subsequent neutrophil recruitment in the LPS-acute lung inflammatory model.
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82
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Wakabayashi KI, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y, Tanatani A. Novel non-steroidal/non-anilide type androgen antagonists: discovery of 4-substituted pyrrole-2-carboxamides as a new scaffold for androgen receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2837-46. [PMID: 15781394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2005] [Revised: 02/08/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized novel pyrrole-2-carboxamide derivatives as androgen antagonists. Compounds 10 and 13 bearing benzylamine or aniline at the 4-position of the pyrrole ring showed moderate androgen antagonistic activity, and inhibited the androgen-dependent growth of Shionogi carcinoma cells (SC-3). Study of the structure-activity relationships of compound 13 led to a potent androgen antagonist 36, which has higher affinity than flutamide (4) for androgen nuclear receptor (AR). Thus, pyrrole-2-carboxamide is a new scaffold for developing AR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Wakabayashi
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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83
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Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry reviews and perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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84
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Wong CH. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry reviews and perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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85
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Wong CH. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry reviews and perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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86
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Noguchi T, Shinji C, Kobayashi H, Makishima M, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y. Enhancement of All-trans Retinoic Acid-Induced HL-60 Cell Differentiation by Thalidomide and Its Metabolites. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:563-4. [PMID: 15744093 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide (Thal: 1) and its two metabolites, 5-hydroxythalidomide (5-HT: 2) and N-hydroxythalidomide (N-HT: 3), showed an enhancing effect on all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced HL-60 cell differentiation. 5-HT and N-HT showed tubulin polymerization-inhibiting activity, but thalidomide did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Noguchi
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Tokyo, Japan
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87
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Inatsuki S, Noguchi T, Miyachi H, Oda S, Iguchi T, Kizaki M, Hashimoto Y, Kobayashi H. Tubulin-polymerization inhibitors derived from thalidomide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:321-5. [PMID: 15603947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Revised: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
2-(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)-5-hydroxy-1H-isoindole-1,3-dione (5HPP-33), which was obtained during our previous structural development studies on thalidomide, was revealed to possess potent tubulin-polymerization-inhibiting activity, comparable to that of the known tubulin-polymerization inhibitors, rhizoxin and colchicine. A major metabolite of thalidomide, 5-hydroxythalidomide, which possesses a hydroxyl group at the position corresponding to that of 5HPP-33, also showed moderate inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Inatsuki
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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88
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Kinoyama I, Taniguchi N, Kawaminami E, Nozawa E, Koutoku H, Furutani T, Kudoh M, Okada M. N-Arylpiperazine-1-carboxamide Derivatives: a Novel Series of Orally Active Nonsteroidal Androgen Receptor Antagonists. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2005; 53:402-9. [PMID: 15802840 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.53.402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of N-arylpiperazine-1-carboxamide derivatives was synthesized and their androgen receptor (AR) antagonist activities and in vivo antiandrogenic properties were evaluated. Reporter assays indicated that trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine derivatives are potent AR antagonists, and in this series trans-N-4-[4-cyano-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpiperazine-1-carboxamide (18 g, YM-175735) exhibited the most potent antiandrogenic activity. Compared to bicalutamide, YM-175735 is an approximately 4-fold stronger AR antagonist and has slightly increased antiandrogenic activity, suggesting that YM-175735 may be useful in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kinoyama
- Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ibaraki.
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89
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Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry reviews and perspectives. Bioorg Med Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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90
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Brennen WN, Cooper CR, Capitosti S, Brown ML, Sikes RA. Thalidomide and analogues: current proposed mechanisms and therapeutic usage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 3:54-61. [PMID: 15279692 DOI: 10.3816/cgc.2004.n.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Microvessel density is a prognostic factor for many cancers, including prostate. For this reason, several studies and therapeutic approaches that target the tumor microvasculature have been attempted. Thalidomide has long been recognized as an antiangiogenic molecule. Recently, this drug has regained favor as an anticancer agent and is in clinical trial for multiple myeloma and prostate cancer, among others. This article will briefly review the proposed mechanisms of action for thalidomide, discuss why these activities are of therapeutic value in diseases currently undergoing clinical trials, and summarize the current status of clinical trials for prostate cancer. The focus will be predominantly on the relationship of thalidomide to angiogenesis, as well as on the future and potential value of thalidomide-inspired structural derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Nathaniel Brennen
- Laboratory for Cancer Ontogeny and Therapeutics, University of Delaware, Newark 19716, USA
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91
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Noguchi T, Sano H, Shimazawa R, Tanatani A, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y. Phenylhomophthalimide-type NOS inhibitors derived from thalidomide. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2004; 14:4141-5. [PMID: 15261258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2004.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Revised: 06/09/2004] [Accepted: 06/10/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide shows moderate inhibitory activity toward neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS), but not toward endothelial NOS (eNOS). Structural development studies of thalidomide yielded novel phenylhomophthalimide-type NOS inhibitors with enhanced activity and different subtype selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Noguchi
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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92
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Zhang SN, Li ZJ, Cai MS. Synthesis of N-sugar-substituted phthalimides and their derivatives from sugar azides and phthalic anhydride. Carbohydr Res 2004; 339:1419-20. [PMID: 15178382 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2004.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-Sugar-substituted phthalimides and tetrachlorophthalimide derivatives can be prepared in good yields under essentially neutral conditions. Mixing a sugar azide, NaI, Me3SiCl, phthalic or substituted phthalic anhydride and tetrabutylammonium iodide as catalyst in acetonitrile at rt or 60 degrees C, afforded 12 imides in 83-95% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Na Zhang
- Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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93
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Abdel-Hafez AAM. Synthesis and anticonvulsant evaluation ofN-substituted-isoindolinedione derivatives. Arch Pharm Res 2004; 27:495-501. [PMID: 15202553 DOI: 10.1007/bf02980121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of N-substituted-1,3-isoindolinedione derivatives (2-16) were synthesized for the purpose of defining the effect of N-substitution on the anticonvulsant activity of these derivatives. The target compounds (2-16) were obtained by condensation of phthalic anhydride with the corresponding amine derivative. The structures of the synthesized derivatives (2-16) were confirmed by means of IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The anticonvulsant activity of all compounds (2-16) were evaluated by subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole seizure threshold test at doses of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mmol/kg compared with sodium valproate as a positive control. Their neurotoxicity were determined by the rotorod test. Many of the present series of compounds showed good anticonvulsant activity at the tested doses, as compared to sodium valproate. Three of them (4, 6 and 11) exhibited 100% protection against convulsions, neurotoxicity and death at all tested doses. Out of the series, two compounds (12 and 13) were completely inactive with 100% mortality. 3-(p-chlorophenyl)-4-(1,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-2-isoindolyl)butanoic acid derivative (11) has emerged as the most active compound which is 20 times more active than valproate with ED50 8.7, 169 mg/kg; TD50 413, 406 mg/kg and PI 47.5, 2.4. The results revealed the importance of the combination of baclofenic and phthalimide moieties (compound 11) as a promising anticonvulsant candidate.
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94
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Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Reviews. Bioorg Med Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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95
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Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Reviews. Bioorg Med Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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96
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Kinoyama I, Taniguchi N, Yoden T, Koutoku H, Furutani T, Kudoh M, Okada M. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Arylpiperazine Derivatives as Nonsteroidal Androgen Receptor Antagonists. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:1330-3. [PMID: 15516756 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.1330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The search for novel antiandrogens by high-throughput screening (HTS) of the Yamanouchi chemical library led to the discovery of the lead compound (5), which possesses an arylmorpholine moiety. Through the optimization of the lead compound (5), we have found a series of novel arylpiperazine derivatives. Among them, 4-[4-cyano-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-N-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazine-1-carboxamide (22; YM-92088) exhibited a potent AR antagonistic activity with an IC(50) value of 0.47 microM in the reporter assay, which is more potent than bicalutamide (4) which has an IC(50) value of 0.89 microM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Kinoyama
- Institute for Drug Discovery Research, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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97
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Shimazawa R, Sano H, Tanatani A, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y. Thalidomide as a Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor and Its Structural Development. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:498-9. [PMID: 15056977 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Thalidomide has been found to exhibit weak nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-inhibitory activity. Structural development studies of thalidomide showed that some N-2,6-dimethylphenylhomophthalimide analogs possess NOS-inhibiting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiko Shimazawa
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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98
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Sano H, Noguchi T, Tanatani A, Miyachi H, Hashimoto Y. N-Phenylphthalimide-Type Cyclooxygenase (COX) Inhibitors Derived from Thalidomide: Substituent Effects on Subtype Selectivity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2004; 52:1021-2. [PMID: 15305008 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.52.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several N-substituted phenylphthalimide and phenylhomophthalimide derivatives with cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibitory activity were prepared during structural development studies based on thalidomide as a lead compound. Substituent effects on the subtype selectivity were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Sano
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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99
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Suizu M, Muroya Y, Kakuta H, Kagechika H, Tanatani A, Nagasawa K, Hashimoto Y. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors derived from thalidomide. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:1098-102. [PMID: 12951457 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.1098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several N-3,5-dimethylphenylphthalimide analogs possessing more potent cyclooxygenase-inhibiting activity than that of aspirin were prepared during structural development studies based on thalidomide. Substituent effects on the activity were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamiko Suizu
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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100
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Ishioka T, Tanatani A, Nagasawa K, Hashimoto Y. Anti-androgens with full antagonistic activity toward human prostate tumor LNCaP cells with mutated androgen receptor. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:2655-8. [PMID: 12873487 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Anti-androgens were designed based on the principle of inhibiting the folding of helix 12 of the nuclear androgen receptor. The prepared anti-androgens exhibited full antagonistic activity toward human prostate tumor LNCaP cells with T877A point-mutated nuclear androgen receptor, as far as examined, towards which other known anti-androgens, including hydroxyflutamide, are inactive or act as androgen agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyasu Ishioka
- Institute of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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