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Acute use of alcohol before suicide in Kazakhstan: A population-wide study. J Affect Disord 2023; 321:134-139. [PMID: 36272459 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute use of alcohol is a proximal risk factor for suicidal behavior and suicide attempts. Previous studies have established that alcohol consumption prior to suicide increases the risk of suicide completion. Thus, the current study aims to explore the association between alcohol use and suicide mortality in Kazakhstan. This is the first study to address this association in Kazakhstan. METHODS The main outcome measure was the presence of alcohol in blood of suicide decedents. Logistic regression models were used to test unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of the risk of suicide involving acute use of alcohol. Regression modeling was used to identify significant predictors of alcohol use among suicide decedents. RESULTS Males (22.5 %) used alcohol more commonly before conducting suicide than females (13.4 %). The odds of alcohol involvement was 2.73 times higher for males compared to females after controlling for age and other covariates. Being a male younger than 45 years old and using suicide methods such as poisoning, immolation, and drowning increased the odds of acute use of alcohol among suicide decedents. LIMITATIONS Data on alcohol use included information only on individuals with a positive alcohol test, and it is unknown how many suicide decedents were not tested for alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol use is common factor contributing to suicide, particularly among young and middle-aged male adults. Alcohol use is also associated more strongly with certain methods of suicide. Further studies and more detailed data exploring alcohol consumption and suicide risks are needed in countries such as Kazakhstan.
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O'Loughlin CM, Park Y, Ammerman BA. Suicide Ideation, Distress, and Peer Perceptions as Predictors of Substance Use. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 58:560-569. [PMID: 36762468 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2177964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use and suicide ideation are common behaviors that often overlap among college students. However, clues about their temporal relationship, as well as moderating factors (e.g., distress, peer perceptions of substance use), are understudied. Indeed, those with a history of suicide ideation may use avoidance coping (including substance use) to manage distress, underscoring the possibility of substance use as a response to suicide ideation, an oft-stressful experience in and of itself. Further, as a low sense of belongingness confers risk for suicide ideation, distress may increase compliance with perceived cultural norms, thus increasing substance use behavior. This study examined the effect of the suicide ideation-distress-peer perception interaction on substance use. METHOD Participants were 3,608 undergraduate students across eleven college campuses. Measures of past month substance use frequency, general distress, peer perceptions of substance use, and past year suicide ideation were utilized. RESULTS Suicidal ideation was associated with e-cigarette, marijuana, and illicit drug use. There were main effects of suicide ideation (on e-cigarette and marijuana use) and peer perceptions of substance use (on tobacco, alcohol, e-cigarette, and marijuana use), but not distress, on past 30-day substance use. Further, the three-way interaction of suicide ideation, distress, and peer perceptions of substance use predicted frequency of past month tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSIONS Suicide ideation may be temporally linked to use of specific substances. Peer perception and distress may strengthen the suicide ideation-substance use relationship. These factors should be carefully considered when treating individuals with substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeonsoo Park
- Department of Psychology, Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Brooke A Ammerman
- Department of Psychology, Notre Dame, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
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53
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Lange S, Roerecke M, Orpana H, Bagge C, Rehm J. Alcohol use and the gender-specific risk of suicidal behavior: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2022; 11:279. [PMID: 36564843 PMCID: PMC9783973 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use is an important risk factor for suicidal behavior, with a heightened risk found among women. The objective of this study is to determine the gender-specific risk of suicidal behaviors (suicide attempt and death by suicide) for different levels and dimensions of alcohol use-i.e., for (1) average alcohol volume consumed, (2) binge drinking, and (3) individuals with an alcohol use disorder. METHODS We will systematically search the available literature for primary studies on the risk relationships specified above. Using a predetermined set of keywords, a comprehensive systematic literature search will be conducted in the following electronic databases: Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. The basic inclusion criteria will be (1) an original, quantitative (cohort, case-control or cross-sectional) study; with (2) a measure of risk of at least one dimension of our alcohol exposures in relation to at least one of our outcomes of interest (suicide attempt or death by suicide), and its corresponding measure of variability is reported (or sufficient data to calculate these); and (3) estimates of risk stratified by gender. Studies (1) that use only qualitative labels of alcohol use, and (2) where suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-harm cannot be disaggregated will be excluded. There will be no restrictions on language, geographical region, or year of publication. Two reviewers will independently perform the search and systematic assessment of each identified study and subsequent extraction of data. Categorical random-effects meta-analyses will be conducted to obtain gender-specific pooled risk estimates. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions tool and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to rate the quality of evidence. DISCUSSION This study will synthesize all available data on the gender-specific relationship between various dimensions of alcohol use and suicidal behavior simultaneously in a coherent framework. We will provide risk estimates with the detail needed to better understand the respective risk relationships and appreciate the burden of alcohol-attributable suicide. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022320918.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St. T521, ON, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Canada. .,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Michael Roerecke
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St. T521, ON, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Heather Orpana
- Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, 600 Peter Morand Cres, Ottawa, ON, K1G 5Z3, Canada.,Royal Ottawa Institute for Mental Health Research, 1145 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, K1Z 7K4, Canada
| | - Courtney Bagge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1500 E Medical Center Dr, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Clinical Management Research, 2215 Fuller Rd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St. T521, ON, M5S 2S1, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187, Dresden, Germany.,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street 8, B. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Zentrum Für Interdisziplinäre Suchtforschung (ZIS), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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54
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Bismark M, Scurrah K, Pascoe A, Willis K, Jain R, Smallwood N. Thoughts of suicide or self-harm among Australian healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2022; 56:1555-1565. [PMID: 35128948 PMCID: PMC9679314 DOI: 10.1177/00048674221075540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the prevalence and predictors of (a) thoughts of suicide or self-harm among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and (b) help-seeking among those healthcare workers with thoughts of suicide or self-harm. METHOD Analysis of data from the Australian COVID-19 Frontline Healthcare Workers Study, an online survey of healthcare workers conducted during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Outcomes of interest were thoughts of suicide or self-harm as measured through the Patient Health Questionnaire for depression and help-seeking behaviours. RESULTS Overall, 819 (10.5%) of 7795 healthcare workers reported thoughts of suicide or self-harm over a 2-week period. Healthcare workers with these thoughts experienced higher rates of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and burnout than their peers. In multivariable models, the odds of suicide or self-harm thoughts were higher among workers who had friends or family infected with COVID-19 (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval = [1.06, 1.47]), were living alone (odds ratio = 1.32, 95% confidence interval = [1.06, 1.64]), younger (⩽30 years cf. >50 years; odds ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval = 1.36-2.13), male (odds ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval = [1.49, 2.20]), had increased alcohol use (odds ratio = 1.58, 95% confidence interval = [1.35, 1.86]), poor physical health (odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = [1.36, 1.92]), increased income worries (odds ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval = [1.54, 2.12]) or prior mental illness (odds ratio = 3.27, 95% confidence interval = [2.80, 3.82]). Having dependent children was protective (odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = [0.61, 0.92]). Fewer than half (388/819) of the healthcare workers who reported thoughts of suicide or self-harm sought professional support. Healthcare workers with thoughts of suicide or self-harm were more likely to seek support if they were younger (⩽30 years cf. >50 years; odds ratio = 1.78, 95% confidence interval = [1.13, 2.82]) or had prior mental health concerns (odds ratio = 4.47, 95% confidence interval = [3.25, 6.14]). CONCLUSION One in 10 Australian healthcare workers reported thoughts of suicide or self-harm during the pandemic, with certain groups being more vulnerable. Most healthcare workers with thoughts of suicide or self-harm did not seek professional help. Strong and sustained action to protect the safety of healthcare workers, and provide meaningful support, is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bismark
- Centre for Health Policy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katrina Scurrah
- 2 Centre for Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy Pascoe
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen Willis
- Institute for Health and Sport and College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ria Jain
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Natasha Smallwood
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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55
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Borg D, Hall K, Youssef GJ, Sloan E, Graeme L, Moulding R. Examining the role of brooding, distress, and negative urgency in dysregulated behaviors: A cross-sectional study in treatment-seeking young people. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:2538-2563. [PMID: 35506609 PMCID: PMC9790647 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysregulated behaviors including substance use, disordered eating, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) have significant negative implications for individuals and health systems. It is therefore paramount to understand factors influencing behavioral dysregulation, to inform prevention and treatment approaches. The literature suggests that distress and rumination (brooding) prompt individuals to engage in behavioral dysregulation for distraction (Emotional Cascade Model), although these concepts have limited investigation in clinical, treatment-seeking samples, particularly alongside negative urgency. This cross-sectional study sought to examine the relationships of brooding, distress, and negative urgency with behavioral dysregulation, as well as the moderating effect of negative urgency between brooding and behavioral dysregulation, in treatment-seeking young people. METHOD A total of 385 treatment-seeking young people completed cross-sectional, self-report measures of distress, rumination, negative urgency, and engagement in dysregulated behaviors (NSSI, alcohol use, drug use, binge eating, and purging) over the past 1-3 months. RESULTS Structural equation modeling revealed that only negative urgency, and not brooding or distress, had a significant positive relationship with behavioral dysregulation. Negative urgency did not significantly moderate the relationship between brooding and behavioral dysregulation. CONCLUSIONS These findings reinforce the importance of considering negative urgency in the conceptualization, prevention, and treatment of behavioral dysregulation, and contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between brooding and various dysregulated behaviors within a treatment-seeking sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Borg
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Kate Hall
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - George J. Youssef
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia,Center for Adolescent HealthMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Elise Sloan
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
| | - Liam Graeme
- School of PsychologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia,Centre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityGeelongVictoriaAustralia
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56
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Characterizing Suicide Ideation by Using Mental Disorder Features on Microblogs: A Machine Learning Perspective. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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57
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Conner KR, Kearns JC, Denneson LM. Qualitative analysis of hospital patient narratives of warning signs on the day of their suicide attempt. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2022; 79:146-151. [PMID: 36375343 PMCID: PMC9729416 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on warning signs, defined as acute risk factors for suicide or suicide attempt, has been slow due to the difficulty of examining the hours and minutes preceding suicidal behavior. This study sought to identify new warning signs and to re-examine warning signs that have been proposed. METHOD Narrative stories of adult patients with substance use problems hospitalized following a suicide attempt were transcribed. The narrative segments describing the 24-h period prior to suicide attempt were examined with directed qualitative content analysis using codes based on prior literature and new codes developed inductively. RESULTS The sample (N = 35) was mean age = 40, 51% female, and 49% White non-Hispanic. Analysis of the transcripts of the 24-h periods (M word count = 637) yielded a broad range of cognitive (e.g., cognitive disturbance such as rumination), behavioral (e.g., alcohol use), emotional (e.g., dramatic mood changes), and social (e.g., social withdrawal) warning signs, along with a small number of cognitions and behaviors that appeared to mark a dangerous shift to acute preparation and intent for attempt, for example 'self-persuasion to attempt suicide.' CONCLUSION We posit that a broad range of cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and social warning signs increase acute risk for suicidal behavior by creating the conditions for a shift to acute preparation and intent, a highly potent category of warning signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Conner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Jaclyn C Kearns
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lauren M Denneson
- HSR&D Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care, VA Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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58
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Sagoe D. Commentary on Horn et al.: The outcome expectancy in the 'alcohol-gambling cocktail'. Addiction 2022; 117:2791-2792. [PMID: 35781719 PMCID: PMC9796005 DOI: 10.1111/add.15978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Sagoe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Norwegian Competence Centre for Gambling and Gaming Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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59
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Shivanekar S, Gopalan P, Pizon A, Spotts C, Cruz N, Lightfoot M, Rohac R, Baumeister A, Griffo A, Panny B, Kucherer S, Israel A, Rengasamy M, Price R. A Pilot Study of Ketamine Infusion after Suicide Attempt: New Frontiers in Treating Acute Suicidality in a Real-World Medical Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13792. [PMID: 36360672 PMCID: PMC9656070 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine, in research settings, rapidly reduces suicidal thoughts 2-24 h after a single infusion in patients with high suicidal ideation. In this study, the authors investigate ketamine's effects on suicidality in a real-world sample of recent suicide attempters on a tertiary-care Consultation-Liaison (CL) psychiatry service. Using an open-label design, 16 transdiagnostic CL patients were recruited, 18-65 years old, to receive a single dose of intravenous ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) in the acute medical setting. All were psychiatrically hospitalized post-infusion. Baseline suicidality and depression measures were compared to ratings taken at 24 h, 5 days, 12 days, and 1, 3 and 6 months post-infusion using paired t-tests. Across all measures, rapid, statistically significant decreases (p's < 0.001) were observed with large to very large effect sizes (Cohen's d's: 1.7-8.8) at acute timepoints (24 h; 5 days). These gains were uniformly maintained to 6 months post-infusion. Open-label ketamine appeared to rapidly and robustly reduced suicidal symptoms in an ultra-high-risk, heterogeneous, real-world sample. Ketamine infusion may therefore be a safe, feasible, viable method to rapidly reduce suicidality among medically hospitalized patients after a suicide attempt, with potentially enduring benefits. The current pilot findings suggest ketamine could be readily integrated into the settings where high-risk CL patients already receive healthcare, with the potential to become an important and novel tool in the treatment of suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvari Shivanekar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Priya Gopalan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Anthony Pizon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Medical Toxicology, University of Pittsburgh, 3600 Forbes at Meyran Avenue, Forbes Tower, Suite 10028, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Crystal Spotts
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nicolas Cruz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Michael Lightfoot
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rebecca Rohac
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Andrew Baumeister
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Angela Griffo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Benjamin Panny
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Shelly Kucherer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Alex Israel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Manivel Rengasamy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Rebecca Price
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O’Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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60
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Deak JD, Levey DF, Wendt FR, Zhou H, Galimberti M, Kranzler HR, Gaziano JM, Stein MB, Polimanti R, Gelernter J. Genome-Wide Investigation of Maximum Habitual Alcohol Intake in US Veterans in Relation to Alcohol Consumption Traits and Alcohol Use Disorder. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2238880. [PMID: 36301540 PMCID: PMC9614582 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.38880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Alcohol genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have generally focused on alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder (AUD); few have examined habitual drinking behaviors like maximum habitual alcohol intake (MaxAlc). Objectives To identify genetic loci associated with MaxAlc and to elucidate the genetic architecture across alcohol traits. Design, Setting, and Participants This MaxAlc genetic association study was performed among Million Veteran Program participants enrolled from January 10, 2011, to September 30, 2020. Ancestry-specific GWASs were conducted in participants with European (n = 218 623) and African (n = 29 132) ancestry, then meta-analyzed (N = 247 755). Linkage-disequilibrium score regression was used to estimate single nucleotide variant (SNV)-heritability and genetic correlations (rg) with other alcohol and psychiatric traits. Genomic structural equation modeling (gSEM) was used to evaluate genetic associations between MaxAlc and other alcohol traits. Mendelian randomization was used to examine potential causal relationships between MaxAlc and liver enzyme levels. MTAG (multitrait analysis of GWAS) was used to analyze MaxAlc and problematic alcohol use (PAU) jointly. Exposures Genetic associations. Main Outcomes and Measures MaxAlc was defined from the following survey item: "in a typical month, what is/was the largest number of drinks of alcohol you may have had in one day?" with ordinal responses from 0 to 15 or more drinks. Results GWASs were conducted on sample sizes of as many as 247 455 US veterans. Participants were 92.68% male and had mean (SD) age of 65.92 (11.70) years. The MaxAlc GWAS resulted in 15 genome-wide significant loci. Top associations in European-ancestry and African-ancestry participants were with known functional variants in the ADH1B gene, namely rs1229984 (P = 3.12 × 10-101) and rs2066702 (P = 6.30 × 10-17), respectively. Novel associations were also found. SNV-heritability was 6.65% (SE, 0.41) in European-ancestry participants and 3.42% (SE, 1.46) in African-ancestry participants. MaxAlc was positively correlated with PAU (rg = 0.79; P = 3.95 × 10-149) and AUD (rg = 0.76; P = 1.26 × 10-127) and had negative rg with the UK Biobank "alcohol usually taken with meals" (rg = -0.53; P = 1.40 × 10-50). For psychiatric traits, MaxAlc had the strongest genetic correlation with suicide attempt (rg = 0.40; P = 3.02 × 10-21). gSEM supported a 2-factor model with MaxAlc loading on a factor with PAU and AUD and other alcohol consumption measures loading on a separate factor. Mendelian randomization supported an association between MaxAlc and the liver enzyme gamma-glutamyltransferase (β = 0.012; P = 2.66 × 10-10). MaxAlc MTAG resulted in 31 genome-wide significant loci. Conclusions and Relevance The findings suggest that MaxAlc closely aligns genetically with PAU traits. This study improves understanding of the mechanisms associated with normative alcohol consumption vs problematic habitual use and AUD as well as how MaxAlc relates to psychiatric and medical conditions genetically and biologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. Deak
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Daniel F. Levey
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Frank R. Wendt
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hang Zhou
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Marco Galimberti
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
- Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - J. Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology and Research Information Center (MAVERIC), Boston Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Boston
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Aging and Preventative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Murray B. Stein
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut
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61
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McMahon EM, Greiner BA, Corcoran P, Larkin C, Leitao S, McCarthy J, Cassidy E, Bradley C, McAuliffe C, Griffin E, Williamson E, Foster T, Gallagher J, Perry IJ, Kapur N, Arensman E. Psychosocial and psychiatric factors preceding death by suicide: A case-control psychological autopsy study involving multiple data sources. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:1037-1047. [PMID: 35815892 PMCID: PMC9796414 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A range of factors including mental disorders and adverse life events can increase the risk of suicide. The objectives of this study were to examine psychosocial and psychiatric factors and service engagement among suicide decedents compared with living controls. METHODS A case-control study using multiple sources was conducted. Information on 132 consecutive cases of suicide was drawn from coronial files, and interviews were carried out with 35 family informants and 53 living controls. GPs completed questionnaires for 60 suicide cases and 27 controls. RESULTS The majority (83.3%) of suicide decedents had contacted a GP in the year prior to death, while 23.3% had 10 or more consultations during the year prior to death. Half of suicide decedents had a history of self-harm. Suicide cases were significantly more likely than controls to have a psychiatric diagnosis (60% vs. 18.5%) and a depressive illness (36.7% vs. 14.8%). Over one-quarter of suicide decedents had been treated as a psychiatric inpatient. DISCUSSION Primary care providers should be supported to deliver multidisciplinary interventions to engage, assess, and treat patients at risk of suicide, targeting those who present very frequently, those with a history of self-harm or substance misuse, and those with psychological presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M. McMahon
- National Suicide Research FoundationCorkIreland,School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Paul Corcoran
- National Suicide Research FoundationCorkIreland,School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland,National Perinatal Epidemiology CentreUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Celine Larkin
- Department of Emergency MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sara Leitao
- National Perinatal Epidemiology CentreUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Eugene Cassidy
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuro‐behavioural ScienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Colin Bradley
- Department of General PracticeUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Eve Griffin
- National Suicide Research FoundationCorkIreland,School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Tom Foster
- Southern Health and Social Care TrustNorthern IrelandUK
| | - John Gallagher
- School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Ivan J. Perry
- School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Nav Kapur
- Centre for Mental Health and SafetyUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK,Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK,NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Ella Arensman
- National Suicide Research FoundationCorkIreland,School of Public HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland,Australian Institute for Suicide Research and PreventionSchool of Applied Psychology, Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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62
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Thørrisen MM, Sadeghi T, Bonsaksen T, Graham ID, Aas RW. Working with alcohol prevention in occupational health services: "knowing how" is more important than "knowing that" - the WIRUS OHS study. Addict Sci Clin Pract 2022; 17:54. [PMID: 36183127 PMCID: PMC9526525 DOI: 10.1186/s13722-022-00335-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is a major public health challenge; the majority of employees consume alcohol regularly and a considerable proportion of employees can be characterized as risky drinkers in need of interventions. Occupational health services (OHS) are uniquely positioned for implementing alcohol prevention interventions targeting employees, but rarely do so. Studies have shown that lack of knowledge among OHS personnel is a barrier to alcohol prevention activity. This study aimed to explore OHS personnels' levels of theoretical and practical alcohol knowledge, and whether these two ways of knowing were differentially associated with alcohol prevention activity. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, survey data were collected from 322 OHS personnel in Norway in 2018 (response rate = 53.6%). The survey included variables of two ways of knowing (theoretical and practical) and three types of doing (intervention frequency, conducting individual interventions, and conducting group interventions). Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired sample t-tests, bivariate correlations, and adjusted linear and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS OHS personnel rated their theoretical alcohol knowledge higher than their practical knowledge (η2 = 0.33, p < 0.001). Higher reported levels of practical knowledge were associated with higher intervention frequency (b = 0.39, β = 0.60, p < 0.001) and greater likelihood of conducting individual interventions (OR = 1.60, p < .001) as well as group interventions (OR = 1.84, p < 0.001). Theoretical knowledge was not associated with conducting interventions, and there was no evidence of an interaction between the two ways of knowing in their association with doing. Sensitivity analyses did not indicate clustering effects of OHS personnel being employed within different units. CONCLUSIONS Different ways of knowing about alcohol among OHS personnel were dissimilarly associated with conducting alcohol prevention interventions in occupational health settings. For doing, knowing how seems to be more important than knowing that. Training programs for OHS personnel should emphasize knowledge about how to deal with alcohol-related issues and how to conduct prevention interventions, rather than focus on detrimental effects of alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Magnus Thørrisen
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Talieh Sadeghi
- Work Research Institute, Centre for Welfare and Labour Research, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway.,Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Ian D Graham
- Centre for Practice-Changing Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Randi Wågø Aas
- Department of Rehabilitation Science and Health Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway. .,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
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63
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Gerstner RM, Narváez F, Leske S, Troya MI, Analuisa-Aguilar P, Spittal MJ, Gunnell D. Police-reported suicides during the first 16 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ecuador: A time-series analysis of trends and risk factors until June 2021. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH - AMERICAS 2022; 14:100324. [PMID: 35912285 PMCID: PMC9310552 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background There are widespread concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic may increase suicides. Few studies have analysed effects beyond the pandemic's early months or examined changes in known suicide risk factors. Methods Using time series models fit with Poisson regression, we analysed monthly police-reported suicides in Ecuador from January 2015 to June 2021. Treating March 2020 as the start of the pandemic, we calculated rate ratios (RRs) comparing the observed to the expected number of suicides for the total population and by age and sex groups. We investigated changes in risk factors, precipitants, geographic distribution, and suicide methods. Findings There was no evidence that suicide rates were higher than expected during the pandemic (RR 0·97 [95% CI 0·92–1·02]). There was some evidence of fewer than expected male suicides (RR 0·95 [95% CI 0·90–1·00]). The proportion of suicides occurring in urban and coastal areas increased but decreased amongst indigenous and other minorities. The proportions of suicides with evidence of alcohol consumption, disability, and amongst married and cohabiting individuals decreased, whereas suicides where mental health problems were considered contributory increased. There were relative increases in the proportion of suicides by hanging but decreases in self-poisoning and other suicide methods. Interpretation The pandemic did not appear to adversely impact overall suicide numbers nationwide during the first 16 months of the pandemic. Reduced alcohol consumption may have contributed to the decline in male suicides. Funding None.
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64
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Sobanski T, Peikert G, Kastner UW, Wagner G. Suicidal behavior-advances in clinical and neurobiological research and improvement of prevention strategies. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:1115-1126. [PMID: 36186502 PMCID: PMC9521537 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i9.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Suicide is the 14th leading cause of death worldwide. It is responsible for 1%-5% of all mortality. This article highlights the latest developments in universal, selective, and indicated prevention strategies. Concerning universal suicide prevention, current research has shown that strategies such as restricting access to lethal means (e.g., control of analgesics and hot-spots for suicide by jumping) and school-based awareness programs are most efficacious. Regarding selective prevention, substantial progress can be expected in psychological screening methods for suicidal behavior. The measurement of implicit cognition proved to be more valid in predicting future suicide attempts than classic clinical assessment. Latest developments are smartphone-based interventions and real-time monitoring of suicidal behavior. Great effort has been made to establish valid neurobiological screening methods (e.g., genetic and epigenetic risk factors for suicide, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis) without yielding a major bre-akthrough. Potentially, multiple biomarkers rather than a single one are necessary to identify individuals at risk. With regard to indicated prevention in form of psychopharmacological treatment, recent pharmacoepidemiological studies and meta-analyses have supported a protective role of antidepressants, lithium, and clozapine. However, the data concerning a specific anti-suicidal effect of these drugs are currently not consistent. Promising results exist for ketamine in reducing suicidal ideation, independently of its antidepressant effect. Concerning psychotherapy, recent findings suggest that psychotherapeutic interventions specifically designed to prevent suicide re-attempts are most efficacious. Specifically, cognitive behavioral therapy and psychodynamic therapy approaches proved to decrease the number of suicide re-attempts significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sobanski
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatic Medicine, THUERINGEN-Kliniken GmbH, Saalfeld 07318, Germany
- Network for Suicide Prevention in Thuringia (NeST), Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Gregor Peikert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Ulrich W Kastner
- Network for Suicide Prevention in Thuringia (NeST), Jena 07743, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios Fachkliniken Hildburghausen, Hildburghausen 98646, Germany
| | - Gerd Wagner
- Network for Suicide Prevention in Thuringia (NeST), Jena 07743, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena 07743, Germany
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65
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Paprocki S, Qassem M, Kyriacou PA. Review of Ethanol Intoxication Sensing Technologies and Techniques. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6819. [PMID: 36146167 PMCID: PMC9501510 DOI: 10.3390/s22186819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The field of alcohol intoxication sensing is over 100 years old, spanning the fields of medicine, chemistry, and computer science, aiming to produce the most effective and accurate methods of quantifying intoxication levels. This review presents the development and the current state of alcohol intoxication quantifying devices and techniques, separated into six major categories: estimates, breath alcohol devices, bodily fluid testing, transdermal sensors, mathematical algorithms, and optical techniques. Each of these categories was researched by analyzing their respective performances and drawbacks. We found that the major developments in monitoring ethanol intoxication levels aim at noninvasive transdermal/optical methods for personal monitoring. Many of the "categories" of ethanol intoxication systems overlap with each other with to a varying extent, hence the division of categories is based only on the principal operation of the techniques described in this review. In summary, the gold-standard method for measuring blood ethanol levels is through gas chromatography. Early estimation methods based on mathematical equations are largely popular in forensic fields. Breath alcohol devices are the most common type of alcohol sensors on the market and are generally implemented in law enforcement. Transdermal sensors vary largely in their sensing methodologies, but they mostly follow the principle of electrical sensing or enzymatic reaction rate. Optical devices and methodologies perform well, with some cases outperforming breath alcohol devices in terms of the precision of measurement. Other estimation algorithms consider multimodal approaches and should not be considered alcohol sensing devices, but rather as prospective measurement of the intoxication influence. This review found 38 unique technologies and techniques for measuring alcohol intoxication, which is testament to the acute interest in the innovation of noninvasive technologies for assessing intoxication.
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66
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Lange S, Kaplan MS, Tran A, Rehm J. Growing alcohol use preceding death by suicide among women compared with men: age-specific temporal trends, 2003-18. Addiction 2022; 117:2530-2536. [PMID: 35491753 PMCID: PMC9357152 DOI: 10.1111/add.15905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the United States, until 2018 both the prevalence of heavy alcohol use and the suicide mortality rate increased among men and women; however, women had experienced a notably higher increase in both. As heavy alcohol use may have contributed to the observed sex disparity in the suicide mortality rate increase, the aim of the current study was to estimate the temporal trend of the sex- and age-group-specific proportion of suicides that were alcohol-involved in the United States. DESIGN Using restricted-access data from the National Violent Death Reporting System, we performed joinpoint regression analyses to investigate temporal trends in the sex- and age-group (young adults = 18-34 years; middle-aged adults = 35-64 years; and older adults = 65+ years)-specific proportion of suicides that were alcohol-involved. SETTING United States. PARTICIPANTS A total of 115 202 suicide decedents 18+ years of age from 2003 to 2018. MEASUREMENTS The sex- and age-group-specific proportion of suicides that were alcohol-involved, among all suicide decedent, for which the decedent had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) (a) ≥ 0.04 g/dl and (b) ≥ 0.08 g/dl. FINDINGS For 2003-18, the proportion of suicides that were alcohol-involved wherein the decedent had a BAC ≥ 0.08 g/day significantly increased on average annually for women of all age groups [young women: 2.80%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.86%, 3.75%; middle-aged women: 2.20%, 95% CI = 1.20%, 3.21%; older women: 10.48%, 95% CI = 1.17%, 20.65%], while only middle-aged men experienced a significant average annual percentage increase (0.81%, 95% CI = 0.003%, 1.62%). CONCLUSION In the United States between 2003 and 2018, alcohol use preceding death by suicide increased among women compared with men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St., Toronto ON, Canada M5S 2S1,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto ON, Canada M5T 1R8,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto ON, Canada M5T 1R8,Corresponding author: Shannon Lange, MPH, PhD, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, T521, Toronto ON, Canada M5S 2S1, Tel: 416-535-8501 ext. 34512,
| | - Mark S. Kaplan
- Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, 3250 Public Affairs Building. Los Angeles CA, USA 90095-1656
| | - Alexander Tran
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St., Toronto ON, Canada M5S 2S1
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St., Toronto ON, Canada M5S 2S1,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto ON, Canada M5T 1R8,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College St., Toronto ON, Canada M5T 1R8,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto ON, Canada M5T 3M7,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto ON, Canada M5S 1A8,Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany,Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya Street 8, b. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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67
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Kõlves K, Mathieu S. Commentary on Lange et al.: Acute alcohol use before suicide-is it contributing to an increase in suicide rates in the United States? Addiction 2022; 117:2537-2539. [PMID: 35818316 PMCID: PMC9544635 DOI: 10.1111/add.15983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kairi Kõlves
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityMt GravattQLDAustralia
| | - Sharna Mathieu
- Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityMt GravattQLDAustralia
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68
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Koivisto MK, Miettunen J, Levola J, Mustonen A, Alakokkare AE, Salom CL, Niemelä S. Alcohol use in adolescence as a risk factor for overdose in the 1986 Northern Finland Birth Cohort Study. Eur J Public Health 2022; 32:753-759. [PMID: 35972451 PMCID: PMC9527972 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckac099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overdoses and poisonings are among the most common causes of death in young adults. Adolescent problem drinking has been associated with psychiatric morbidity in young adulthood as well as with elevated risk for suicide attempts. There is limited knowledge on adolescent alcohol use as a risk factor for alcohol and/or drug overdoses in later life. Methods Here, data from The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 study with a follow-up from adolescence to early adulthood were used to assess the associations between adolescent alcohol use and subsequent alcohol or drug overdose. Three predictors were used: age of first intoxication, self-reported alcohol tolerance and frequency of alcohol intoxication in adolescence. ICD-10-coded overdose diagnoses were obtained from nationwide registers. Use of illicit drugs or misuse of medication, Youth Self Report total score, family structure and mother’s education in adolescence were used as covariates. Results In multivariate analyses, early age of first alcohol intoxication [hazard ratios (HR) 4.5, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.2–9.2, P < 0.001], high alcohol tolerance (HR 3.1, 95% CI 1.6–6.0, P = 0.001) and frequent alcohol intoxication (HR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0–3.4, P = 0.035) all associated with the risk of overdoses. Early age of first intoxication (HR 5.2, 95% CI 1.9–14.7, P = 0.002) and high alcohol tolerance (HR 4.4, 95% CI 1.7–11.5, P = 0.002) also associated with intentional overdoses. Conclusions Alcohol use in adolescence associated prospectively with increased risk of overdose in later life. Early age of first intoxication, high alcohol tolerance and frequent alcohol intoxication are all predictors of overdoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarit K Koivisto
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Emergency services, TYKS Acute, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jonna Levola
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti Mustonen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University Consortium of Seinäjoki, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Anni-Emilia Alakokkare
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Caroline L Salom
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Addiction Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Hospital District of South-West Finland, Turku, Finland
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69
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Dai Q, Zhou Y, Liu R, Wei S, Zhou H, Tian Y, Xia L, Cervenka GM, Wu HE, Wang L, Zhang X. Alcohol use history increases the likelihood of suicide behavior among male chronic patients with schizophrenia in a Chinese population. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2022; 52:716-724. [PMID: 35318712 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was designed to detect the association between the history of alcohol drinking and suicidality in schizophrenia (SCZ) inpatients in a Chinese population. METHODS We recruited 616 male SCZ inpatients and collected demographic and clinical data. Five-factor model of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess their psychopathological symptoms. RESULTS Our results showed that 31.33% of SCZ patients had a history of alcohol drinking. They had higher rates of lifetime suicide attempt and suicidal ideation than those without a history of alcohol drinking. Moreover, patients with a history of drinking were more likely to attempt suicide (14.51% vs. 7.09%; χ2 = 7.70, df = 1, p = 0.006), with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.22 and have suicidal ideation (29.02% vs. 17.49%; χ2 = 9.89, df = 1, p = 0.002), with an OR of 1.93. In addition, patients who used to drink alcohol were more likely to be smokers and had more severe positive and depressive symptoms (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that history of alcohol drinking may increase the prevalence of lifetime suicide attempt and suicidal ideation in male patients with chronic SCZ. Moreover, the history of alcohol drinking may be associated with some demographic data and clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilong Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuochi Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huixia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gregory M Cervenka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hanjing E Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Smith L, Shin JI, Carmichael C, Jacob L, Kostev K, Grabovac I, Barnett Y, Butler L, Lindsay RK, Pizzol D, Veronese N, Soysal P, Koyanagi A. Association of food insecurity with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adults aged ≥50 years from low- and middle-income countries. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:446-452. [PMID: 35461821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate associations between food insecurity with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adults aged ≥50 years from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Cross-sectional, community-based data from the World Health Organisation's Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. Self-reported information on past 12-month suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was collected. Past 12-month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the association between food insecurity and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts. RESULTS The final analytical sample included 34,129 individuals aged ≥50 years [mean (SD) age 62.4 (16.0) years; 52.1% females]. Compared to no food insecurity, severe food insecurity was associated with a significant 2.78 (95%CI = 1.73-4.45) times higher odds for suicidal ideation, while moderate and severe food insecurity were associated with 2.59 (95%CI = 1.35-4.97) and 5.15 (95%CI = 2.52-10.53) times higher odds for suicide attempts, respectively. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design, the use of self-reported wish to die as a measure of suicide ideation, and that suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were only assessed among those who had depressive symptoms, could be considered limitations of our study. CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity was positively associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Targeting food insecurity among older adults in LMICs may lead to reduction in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts, although future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Christina Carmichael
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux 78180, France
| | - Karel Kostev
- IQVIA, Epidemiology, Frankfurt am Main, Main Airport Center, Unterschweinstiege 2-14, 60549 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Igor Grabovac
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Yvonne Barnett
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurie Butler
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosie K Lindsay
- Vision and Hearing Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Italian Agency for Development Cooperation-Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Nicola Veronese
- Geriatric Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Adnan Menderes Bulvarı (Vatan Street), 34093 Fatih, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain; ICREA, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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71
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Sinha A, Kohli A, Ghosh A, Basu D. Efficacy of screening and brief intervention for hazardous alcohol use in patients with mood disorders: A randomized clinical trial from a psychiatric out-patient clinic in India. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 73:103138. [PMID: 35533601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the efficacy of individual-based, face-to-face screening and brief intervention (SBI) for hazardous alcohol use among treatment-seeking outpatients with mood disorders. METHODS It was a parallel-group, single-blind, randomized controlled trial of 84 participants who met the selection criteria for hazardous alcohol use, defined by alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) score 8-19. Participants were randomly allocated to either SBI or general advice group. Both groups had received a standard care for mood disorders. The outcome was assessed after 3 months. The primary outcome was a change in the mean AUDIT score and the secondary outcomes were a change in frequency of heavy episodic drinking and stages of motivation. RESULTS Majority (60%) had major depressive episodes. There was no significant difference in baseline demography and clinical variables between the groups. Both intention to treat and per-protocol analyses showed a small but significant effect of SBI on mean AUDIT score. Age, baseline AUDIT, and motivation did not moderate the effect. SBI was associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of heavy drinking and improvement in stages of motivation. CONCLUSION SBI among patients with mood disorders had a small but significant effect on alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sceinces, Bhubhneswar, India.
| | - Adarsh Kohli
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Abhishek Ghosh
- Drug De-addiction & Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Debasish Basu
- Drug De-addiction & Treatment Centre, Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India.
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de Moura PT, Rockenbach CA, Mendes CDR, Mendes GU, Ghiggi LA, Diel M, Martini P, Camozzato P, de Castro RSB, Mello de Mello R, Kovalski R, Mendes VA, Mosqueiro BP. Depression and suicide risk during the Covid-19 pandemic at a Brazilian public health psychosocial addiction care center: a preliminary report. TRENDS IN PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022; 44:e20210259. [PMID: 34802203 PMCID: PMC9991108 DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2021-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms and suicide risk among patients receiving treatment at a Public Health Psychosocial Addiction Care Center (CAPS AD III) in Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS Questions from the Coronavirus Health Impact Survey (CRISIS) translated into Brazilian Portuguese were used to evaluate 70 patients' perceptions of and behaviors during the Covid-19 pandemic. Validated Brazilian versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) were used to evaluate the severity of depressive symptoms, suicide risk, and anxiety symptoms. A multiple logistic regression model was used to evaluate predictors of suicide risk in the sample. RESULTS Around 70% of patients reported moderate depressive symptoms and 30% reported severe depressive symptoms, 17% of patients reported having thoughts of suicide or death on more than half of days and 10% reported having them daily. The logistic regression model identified history of alcohol use as the main predictor of suicide risk in (OR 13.0, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Individuals with a history of alcohol consumption had significantly higher suicide risk scores at a psychosocial public health care center in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic. This result may be important for devising better strategies and interventions to support this specific population profile.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marciane Diel
- Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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The Association of Soft Drink Consumption and the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines with Suicidality among Adolescents of the United States. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091870. [PMID: 35565838 PMCID: PMC9100874 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Evidence is lacking for the association of the behaviors of the 24 h movement guidelines including sleep duration, physical activity, screen time, and soft drink consumption with suicidality among adolescents. Methods: Data were extracted from a national representative sample of Youth Risk Behavior Surveys (YRBS) in the United States from 2011 to 2019. Binary logistic regression models with complex sampling designs were used to explore the association of the recommendations of the 24 h movement guidelines and soft drink consumption with suicidality. Results: The total prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide attempt with medical treatment was higher among adolescents who did not meet all the recommendations in the 24 h movement guidelines and had a higher level of soft drink consumption. Totally, not meeting all the recommendations of the 24 h movement guidelines was significantly associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.30–2.19) and suicide plan (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.34–2.33) compared with adolescents who meet all the recommendations. Soft drink consumption of ≥3 times/day was associated with an increased risk of suicidality including suicidal ideation, suicide plan, suicide attempt, and suicide attempt with medical treatment, regardless of sex. Soft drink consumption of ≥3 times/day was significantly associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt and suicide attempt with medical treatment, regardless of whether the recommendations of physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were met. Conclusion: Age-appropriate sleep duration, no more than 2 h of screen time per day, at least 1 h of physical activity per day as contained in the 24 h movement guidelines and less than one soft drink consumption per day are good targets to prevent involvement in suicidality. More actions for intervening in the movement and dietary behaviors among adolescents are needed to maintain physical and mental health.
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74
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Finanger T, Vaaler AE, Spigset O, Aamo TO, Andreassen TN, Gråwe RW, Skråstad RB. Identification of unhealthy alcohol use by self-report and phosphatidylethanol (PEth) blood concentrations in an acute psychiatric department. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:286. [PMID: 35449039 PMCID: PMC9026645 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of standard screening methods could improve the detection rate of unhealthy alcohol use in patients admitted to psychiatric acute and emergency departments. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of the alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) to identify patients with high levels of alcohol consumption prior to admission. METHODS The data were prospectively collected at admittance to an acute psychiatric department in the period January 2016 to June 2017. A blood sample for the analysis of PEth was available from 177 patients. We compared the PEth concentrations with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) scores during the hospital stay, and psychiatric diagnoses at discharge. RESULTS A total of 45.8% of the patients had a PEth concentration ≥ 0.03 μmol/L, indicating significant alcohol consumption. AUDIT scores consistent with unhealthy alcohol use were present in 51.7%. There was a significant positive correlation between PEth concentrations and AUDIT scores (r = 0.631, p < 0.001). PEth was above the detection limit of 0.03 μmol/L in 19% of those reporting an average daily intake of zero alcohol units per day during the last week before admission. PEth concentrations were significantly higher among those with an alcohol diagnosis than among those without such a diagnosis (0.82 μmol/L vs. 0.09 μmol/L, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION PEth provides supplementary information on recent alcohol consumption in a psychiatric population and would be particularly helpful in patients unable or unwilling to give such information at admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Finanger
- Clinic of Substance Use and Addiction Medicine, St. Olav University Hospital, Klostergata 48, 7030, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology - NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Arne Einar Vaaler
- grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Acute Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Spigset
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Oskar Aamo
- grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trine Naalsund Andreassen
- grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rolf Wilhelm Gråwe
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Research and Development, Division of Mental Health, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Bergene Skråstad
- grid.5947.f0000 0001 1516 2393Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology – NTNU, Trondheim, Norway ,grid.52522.320000 0004 0627 3560Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Ielmini M, Lucca G, Trabucchi E, Aspesi GL, Bellini A, Caselli I, Callegari C. Assessing Mental Pain as a Predictive Factor of Suicide Risk in a Clinical Sample of Patients with Psychiatric Disorders. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12040111. [PMID: 35447683 PMCID: PMC9025694 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
According to contemporary suicidology, mental pain represents one of the main suicide risk factors, along with more traditional constructs such as depression, anxiety and hopelessness. This work aims to investigate the relationship between the levels of mental pain and the risk to carry out suicide or suicide attempt in the short term in order to understand if a measurement of mental pain can be used as a screening tool for prevention. For this purpose, 105 outpatients with psychiatric diagnosis were recruited at the university hospital of Varese during a check-up visit and were assessed by using psychometric scales of mental pain levels, hopelessness, anxiety and depression. Clinical and sociodemographic variables of the sample were also collected. A period of 18 months following the recruitment was observed to evaluate any suicides or attempted suicides. Subjects numbering 11 out of 105 committed an attempted suicide. From statistical analyses, high values of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Mental Pain Questionnaire (OMMP) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) scales showed a significant association with the risk of carrying out a suicide attempt and, among these, OMMP and BDI-II showed characteristics of good applicability and predictivity proving suitable to be used as potential tools for screening and primary prevention of suicidal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ielmini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Giulia Lucca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Eric Trabucchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Gian Luca Aspesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Alessandro Bellini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Pavia, 21100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ivano Caselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
| | - Camilla Callegari
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (M.I.); (G.L.); (E.T.); (G.L.A.); (I.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0332-278727
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Lange S, Jiang H, Bagge C, Probst C, Tran A, Rehm J. Gender-specific risk relationship between heavy alcohol use/alcohol use disorders and suicidal thoughts and behavior among adults in the United States over time. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:721-726. [PMID: 35032174 PMCID: PMC8969096 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Suicidal thoughts and behaviors have been on the rise in the recent years in the US. There is a well-known link between heavy alcohol use/alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and suicidal thoughts and behaviors. An increase in the respective risk relationships is one way in which heavy alcohol use/AUDs may be driving the increase in the rate of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether the gender-specific risk relationships between heavy alcohol use/AUDs and past-year (1) suicidal thoughts and (2) attempted suicide have increased over time. METHODS Individual-level annual data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health for the past 12 years (2008-2019) were utilized. Year- and gender-specific multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were first conducted. Gender-stratified random-effects meta-regressions across study years were then conducted. RESULTS Heavy alcohol use/AUDs were associated with elevated odds of past-year suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide for both men and women; however, a linear increase in the risk relationships over time was not found. CONCLUSION Although a temporal increase in the risk relationships of interest was not found, until additional research in this area is conducted, heavy alcohol use/AUDs cannot be ruled out as being a driving force behind the increasing rate of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St., Room T521, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada.
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Huan Jiang
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St., Room T521, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Courtney Bagge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Charlotte Probst
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St., Room T521, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Heidelberg Institute for Global Health, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Tran
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St., Room T521, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin St., Room T521, Toronto, ON, M5S 2S1, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy and Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Beale EE, Overholser J, Gomez S, Brannam S, Stockmeier CA. The path not taken: Distinguishing individuals who die by suicide from those who die by natural causes despite a shared history of suicide attempt. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:526-543. [PMID: 34331770 PMCID: PMC8801545 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify variables that distinguish suicide risk among individuals with previous suicide attempts. METHOD Using psychological autopsy procedures, we evaluated 86 decedents who had at least one lifetime suicide attempt before eventual death by suicide (n = 65) or natural causes (n = 21). RESULTS The Suicide Death group was more likely to be male, to have alcohol in the toxicology report at time of death, and to have a depression diagnosis, while the Natural Cause Death group was more likely to have personality disorder traits, a polysubstance use disorder, higher reported health stress, and an antidepressant in the toxicology report at time of death. Hopelessness and ambivalence were found to distinguish between groups during the 6 months before death. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest important differences between individuals with a shared history of a suicide attempt who die by suicide versus natural causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor E. Beale
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Road, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106-7123
| | - James Overholser
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Road, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106-7123
| | - Stephanie Gomez
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Road, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106-7123
| | - Sidney Brannam
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, 11220 Bellflower Road, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106-7123
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA 44106-7123
- University of Mississippi Medical Center Jackson, MS, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Division of Neurobiology and Behavior Research, Translational Research Center (TR415), University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State Street Jackson, MS, USA 39216
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78
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Fossi LD, Debien C, Demarty AL, Vaiva G, Messiah A. Loss to follow-up in a population-wide brief contact intervention to prevent suicide attempts - The VigilanS program, France. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263379. [PMID: 35231052 PMCID: PMC8887722 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brief Contact Interventions (BCIs) after a suicide attempt (SA) are an important element of prevention against SA and suicide. VigilanS generalizes to a whole French region a BCI combining resource cards, telephone calls and sending postcards, according to a predefined algorithm. However, a major obstacle to such real-life intervention is the loss of contact during follow-up. Here, we analyze the occurrence of loss of follow-up (LFU) and compare characteristics of patients LFU with follow-up completers. METHODS The study concerned patients included in VigilanS over the period from 1st January 2015 to 31 December 2018, with an end of follow-up on 1st July 2019. We performed a series of descriptive analysis and logistic regressions. The outcome was the loss to follow-up, relative to the 6th month call marking the end of the follow-up; the predictive variables were the characteristics of the patient at entry and during follow-up. Age and sex were considered as adjustment variables. RESULTS 11879 inclusions occurred during the study period, corresponding to 10666 different patients. The mean age was 40.6 ± 15 years. More than a third were non-first suicide attempters (46.6%) and the most frequent means of suicide was by voluntary drug intoxication (83.2%). 8335 patients were LFU. After simple and multiple regression, a significant relationship with loss to follow-up was identified among non-first suicide attempters, alcohol consumers, patients having no companion on arrival at the emergency room, patients who didn't make or receive any calls. An increased stay in hospital after a SA was a protective factor against loss of follow-up. CONCLUSION A majority of patients were lost to follow-up by the expected surveillance time of 6 months. Characteristics of lost patients will help focusing efforts to improve retention in the VigilanS program and might give insights for BCI implemented elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Djembi Fossi
- INSERM, MOODS Research unit “Depression, Anxiety, Psychotraumatism and Suicide”, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
- INSERM, Sorbonne University, Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Social Epidemiology Team, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Debien
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172—LilNCog (JPARC)—Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France
- Centre National de Ressources et Résilience Pour Les Psychotraumas (Cn2r Lille Paris), Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | | | - Guillaume Vaiva
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1172—LilNCog (JPARC)—Lille Neurosciences & Cognition, Lille, France
- Centre National de Ressources et Résilience Pour Les Psychotraumas (Cn2r Lille Paris), Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Messiah
- INSERM, MOODS Research unit “Depression, Anxiety, Psychotraumatism and Suicide”, Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Paul-Brousse, Villejuif, France
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79
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Denissoff A, Niemelä S, Scott JG, Salom CL, Hielscher E, Miettunen J, Alakokkare A, Mustonen A. Does cannabis use in adolescence predict self-harm or suicide? Results from a Finnish Birth Cohort Study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 145:234-243. [PMID: 34758110 PMCID: PMC9299098 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Longitudinal studies examining the association between adolescent cannabis use and self-harm are rare, heterogeneous and mixed in their conclusions. We study this association utilizing a large general population-based sample with prospective data. METHODS The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 6582) with linkage to nationwide register data was used to study the association of self-reported cannabis use at age 15-16 years and self-harm and suicide death until age 33 (until year 2018), based on register information. Cox regression analysis with Hazard Ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) was used. Psychiatric disorders, parental psychiatric disorders and other substance use were considered as confounders. RESULTS In all, 6582 (49.2% male) were included in the analysis, and 377 adolescents (5.7%) reported any cannabis use until the age of 15-16 years. Based on register information, 79 (55.7% male) had visited in health care services due to self-harm, and 22 (90.1% male) had died by suicide. In crude analyses, adolescent cannabis use was associated with self-harm (HR = 3.93; 95% CI 2.24-6.90). The association between cannabis use and self-harm remained statistically significant after adjusting for sex, psychiatric disorders at baseline, frequent alcohol intoxications, other illicit drug use, and parental psychiatric disorders (HR 2.06; 95% CI 1.07-3.95). In contrast, the association of cannabis use with suicide did not reach statistical significance even in crude analysis (HR 2.60; 95% CI 0.77-8.78). CONCLUSION Cannabis use in adolescence may increase risk of self-harm independent of adolescent psychopathology and other substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Denissoff
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Addiction Psychiatry UnitDepartment of PsychiatryTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Solja Niemelä
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Addiction Psychiatry UnitDepartment of PsychiatryTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - James G. Scott
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute HerstonHerstonQldAustralia,Metro North Mental Health ServiceHerstonQldAustralia
| | - Caroline L. Salom
- Institute for Social Science ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia,ARC Centre of Excellence for Children & Families over the Life CourseThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Emily Hielscher
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute HerstonHerstonQldAustralia,School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQldAustralia
| | - Jouko Miettunen
- Center for Life Course Health ResearchUniversity of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Anni‐Emilia Alakokkare
- Department of PsychiatryFaculty of MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Antti Mustonen
- Center for Life Course Health ResearchUniversity of OuluOuluFinland,Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland,Department of PsychiatrySeinäjoki Central HospitalSeinäjokiFinland
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80
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Baška T, Buck S, Straka L, Janík M, Malinovská N, Hudečková H. Links between alcohol and external causes of deaths in males: an autopsy study. Public Health 2022; 204:76-81. [PMID: 35180561 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyse deaths due to external causes in males in northwest Slovakia. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional autopsy study. METHODS The autopsy registry provided information on fatalities in males in northwest Slovakia due to external causes in 2015. Data were analysed by age, cause of death and blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and the contribution to overall mortality was calculated. RESULTS From a total of 305 fatalities, the dominant cause of death was unintentional (other than traffic; 56.7%), followed by intentional (26.6%) and traffic (16.7%). A BAC of ≥0.5 g/kg was found in 43.9% of deaths. Lower levels of BACs (0.5-1.9 g/kg) were observed in relatively high proportions among the younger (aged ≤34 years) and older (aged ≥65 years) males (17.9% and 14.0%, respectively), as well as in the traffic and intentional injury cause of death categories (23.5% and 19.8%, respectively). Male deaths due to external causes had a 6.2% contribution to overall mortality in northwest Slovakia. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol intoxication frequently co-occurs with fatalities from external causes, including at lower BACs, indicating the harmful role of alcohol at all concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Baška
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republik.
| | - S Buck
- Department of Surgery, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway.
| | - L Straka
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Expertises of Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - M Janík
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Medical Expertises of Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - N Malinovská
- Department of Foreign Languages, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - H Hudečková
- Department of Public Health, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovak Republik.
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Agrest M, Tapia-Muñoz T, Encina E, Wright J, Ardila-Gómez S, Alvarado R, Leiderman EA, Reavley N. Development of mental health first aid guidelines for problem drinking: a Delphi expert consensus study in Argentina and Chile. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:113. [PMID: 35151295 PMCID: PMC8841054 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03749-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among all psychoactive substances, alcohol consumption presents the most significant public health problem and is a leading risk factor for overall disease burden in Latin America. However, most people who meet criteria for a substance use disorder do not receive treatment in primary or secondary care sources. Community members can play a role in helping people to seek help as they are likely to encounter people experiencing problem drinking and recognize the signs. However, many do not have adequate mental health first aid knowledge or skills to provide help. We aimed to culturally adapt the existing English-language mental health first aid guidelines for helping someone with problem drinking for Argentina and Chile. METHODS The Delphi consensus method was used to determine the importance of helping actions translated from the English-language guidelines and to add new actions suggested by expert panellists. The importance of each statement was rated by two expert panels. Panel one included people with lived experience (either their own or as a support person, n = 23) recruited in Argentina and panel two included health professionals (n = 31) recruited in Argentina and Chile. RESULTS Overall, 165 helping actions were endorsed by panellists across two consecutive survey rounds. Endorsed items included 132 of the 182 items translated into Spanish from the English-language guidelines and 33 of the 61 new items generated from panellists' comments in the first survey round. CONCLUSIONS While there were some similarities in recommended helping actions between English-speaking countries, and Argentina and Chile, key differences were seen in attitudes to low-risk drinking. While there was a relatively high level of agreement between health professionals and people with lived experience, some divergence of opinion was seen, particularly in the area of commitment to recovery as a condition for help. Future research should explore the implementation of the guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Agrest
- Proyecto Suma, Güemes, 4130 (1425) Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Thamara Tapia-Muñoz
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Esteban Encina
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Wright
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sara Ardila-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rubén Alvarado
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A. Leiderman
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Palermo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Centre for Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Joo YY, Moon SY, Wang HH, Kim H, Lee EJ, Kim JH, Posner J, Ahn WY, Choi I, Kim JW, Cha J. Association of Genome-Wide Polygenic Scores for Multiple Psychiatric and Common Traits in Preadolescent Youths at Risk of Suicide. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2148585. [PMID: 35188556 PMCID: PMC8861848 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.48585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Suicide is the second leading cause of death among youths worldwide, but no available means exist to identify the risk of suicide in this population. OBJECTIVE To assess whether genome-wide polygenic scores for psychiatric and common traits are associated with the risk of suicide among preadolescent children and to investigate whether and to what extent the interaction between early life stress (a major environmental risk factor) and polygenic factors is associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors among youths. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study analyzed the genotype-phenotype data of 11 869 preadolescent children aged 9 to 10 years from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. Data were collected from September 1, 2016, to October 21, 2018, and analyzed from August 1, 2020, to January 3, 2021. Using machine learning approaches, genome-wide polygenic scores of 24 complex traits were estimated to investigate their phenome-wide associations and utility for assessing risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (suicidal ideation [active, passive, and overall] and suicide attempt). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Genome-wide polygenic scores were used to measure 24 traits, including psychiatric disorders, cognitive capacity, and personality and psychological characteristics. The Child Behavior Checklist was used to measure early life stress, and the Family Environment Scale was used to assess family environment. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts were derived from the computerized version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. RESULTS Among 11 869 preadolescent children in the US, complete data for phenotypic outcomes, genotypes, and covariates were available for 7140 participants in the multiethnic cohort (mean [SD] age, 9.9 [0.6] years; 3588 girls [50.3%]), including 925 participants with suicidal ideation and 63 participants with suicide attempts. Among those 7140 participants, 729 had African ancestry (self-reported race or ethnicity: 569 Black, 71 Hispanic, and 89 other), 276 had admixed American ancestry (self-reported race or ethnicity: 265 Hispanic, 3 White, and 8 other), 150 had East Asian ancestry (self-reported race or ethnicity: 67 Asian, 18 Hispanic, and 65 other), 5718 had European ancestry (self-reported race or ethnicity: 7 Asian, 39 Black, 1142 Hispanic, 3934 White, and 596 other), and 267 had other ancestries (self-reported race or ethnicity: 70 Asian, 13 Black, 126 Hispanic, 48 White, and 10 other). Three genome-wide polygenic scores were significantly associated (false discovery rate P < .05) with suicidal thoughts and behaviors among all participants: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (odds ratio [OR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.21; P = .001), schizophrenia (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.17-1.93; P = .002), and general happiness (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.96; P = .002). In the analysis including only children with European ancestry, 3 additional genome-wide polygenic scores with false discovery rate significance were associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors: autism spectrum disorder (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06-1.31; P = .002), major depressive disorder (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21; P = .003), and posttraumatic stress disorder (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21; P = .004). A significant interaction between genome-wide polygenic scores and environment was found, with genetic risk factors for autism spectrum disorder and the level of early life stress associated with increases in the risk of overall suicidal ideation and overall suicidal thoughts and behaviors (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07-1.35; P = .002). A machine learning model using multitrait genome-wide polygenic scores and additional self-reported questionnaire data (Child Behavior Checklist and Family Environment Scale) produced a moderately accurate estimate of overall suicidal thoughts and behaviors (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.73-0.81; accuracy, 0.67) and suicidal ideation (AUROC, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.80; accuracy, 0.66) among children with European ancestry only. Among all children in the multiethnic cohort, the integrated model also outperformed the baseline model in estimating the risk of overall suicidal thoughts and behaviors (AUROC, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.67-0.75; accuracy, 0.68) and suicidal ideation (AUROC, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.71-0.78; accuracy, 0.67). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study of preadolescent youths in the US, higher genome-wide polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia, were significantly associated with a greater risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. The findings and quantitative models from this study may help to identify children with a high risk of suicide, potentially assisting with early screening, intervention, and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjung Yoonie Joo
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Data Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yoon Moon
- College of Liberal Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Hwan Wang
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonjin Kim
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dementia Center, Stroke Center, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Woo-Young Ahn
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Choi
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Kim
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of Psychology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Fernandez-Rodrigues V, Sanchez-Carro Y, Lagunas LN, Rico-Uribe LA, Pemau A, Diaz-Carracedo P, Diaz-Marsa M, Hervas G, de la Torre-Luque A. Risk factors for suicidal behaviour in late-life depression: A systematic review. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:187-203. [PMID: 35111588 PMCID: PMC8783161 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a leading cause of preventable death worldwide, with its peak of maximum incidence in later life. Depression often puts an individual at higher risk for suicidal behaviour. In turn, depression deserves particular interest in old age due to its high prevalence and dramatic impact on health and wellbeing. AIM To gather integrated evidence on the potential risk factors for suicide behaviour development in depressive older adults, and to examine the effects of depression treatment to tackle suicide behaviour in this population. METHODS A systematic review of empirical studies, published from 2000 onwards, was conducted. Suicidal behaviour was addressed considering its varying forms (i.e., wish to die, ideation, attempt, and completed suicide). RESULTS Thirty-five papers were selected for review, comprising both clinical and epidemiological studies. Most of studies focused on suicidal ideation (60%). The studies consistently pointed out that the risk was related to depressive episode severity, psychiatric comorbidity (anxiety or substance use disorders), poorer health status, and loss of functionality. Reduced social support and loneliness were also associated with suicide behaviour in depressive older adults. Finally, the intervention studies showed that suicidal behaviour was a robust predictor of depression treatment response. Reductions in suicidal ideation were moderated by reductions in risk factors for suicide symptoms. CONCLUSION To sum up, common and age-specific risk factors seem to be involved in suicide development in depressive older adults. A major effort should be made to tackle this serious public health concern so as to promote older people to age healthily and well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yolanda Sanchez-Carro
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Luisa Natalia Lagunas
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Laura Alejandra Rico-Uribe
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Psychology, La Rioja International University, Logrono 26006, Spain
| | - Andres Pemau
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | | | - Marina Diaz-Marsa
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28046, Spain
- Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Hervas
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28046, Spain
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84
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Johnston B. Identifying the Assumptions and Bias That Affect Screening and Brief Interventions for Harmful Alcohol Use. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2022; 28:76-90. [PMID: 34340569 DOI: 10.1177/10783903211036494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for harmful alcohol use (HAU) is standard in clinical settings; however, self-reports of the quantity/frequency of use are often inconsistent with population survey data and objective assessment. Inaccuracies of self-reported alcohol use prompt exploration of patients' reluctance to share this information with their health care providers. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this article is to identify the assumptions and biases that affect screening and brief interventions for HAU. METHOD A total of 22 research articles were selected for a systematic review of the literature. The studies included prospective and retrospective studies, randomized controlled trials, case studies, and quantitative and qualitative research from 2015 to 2021. RESULTS This systematic review identified alcohol health literacy, the inherent bias of surveys and screening tools, stigma, avoidance bias, and the normalization/villainization of alcohol use as contributors to the assumptions and biases that affect screening and brief interventions for HAU. CONCLUSIONS Exploring these assumptions and biases presents opportunities to develop strategies that promote positive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Johnston
- Brenda Johnston, DNP, PMHNP, PMHCNS, Shepherd University School of Nursing, Shepherdstown, WV, USA
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85
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Edwards AC, Ohlsson H, Mościcki E, Crump C, Sundquist J, Kendler KS, Sundquist K. Alcohol use disorder and non-fatal suicide attempt: findings from a Swedish National Cohort Study. Addiction 2022; 117:96-105. [PMID: 34159695 PMCID: PMC10481507 DOI: 10.1111/add.15621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with increased risk of non-fatal suicide attempt. We aimed to measure the strength and mechanistic nature of the association between AUD and increased suicide attempt and determine any causal pathways and/or shared risk factors. DESIGN We used Cox proportional hazards models in population-level and co-relative analyses to evaluate the risk of first non-fatal suicide attempt as a function of previous AUD. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We used continuously updated longitudinal nationwide Swedish registry data on native Swedes born from 1950 to 1970 (n = 2 229 619) and followed from age 15 until 2012. MEASUREMENTS AUD and suicide attempt were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-8, ICD-9, and ICD-10 codes. AUD was also identified using pharmacy and criminal records. Genetic and family environmental risks were derived based on relatedness via the Multi-Generation Register and shared residency via the Population and Housing Census and the Total Population Register. FINDINGS AUD was robustly associated with suicide attempt in crude models (hazard ratio [HR] = 15.24 [95% CI: 14.92, 15.56]). In models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and psychiatric comorbidity, the association was attenuated: for women, HRs declined gradually across time, ranging from 5.55 (3.72, 8.29) during the observation period that ranged from age 15 to 19 years to 1.77 (1.65, 1.90) at age 40 or older. For men, the corresponding figures were 6.12 (4.07, 9.19) and 1.83 (1.72, 1.94); in contrast to women, risk of suicide attempt among men increased from age 15 to 29 before declining. In co-relative models, a residual association remained, consistent with a causal path from AUD to suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS In Sweden, alcohol use disorder appears to be an important predictor of suicide attempt even in the context of other psychiatric disorders. The observed association is likely the result of features that jointly impact risk of alcohol use disorder and suicide attempts (genetic liability, psychiatric illness, and childhood stressors) and a potentially causal pathway, acting independently or in conjunction with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C. Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henrik Ohlsson
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Casey Crump
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jan Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kristina Sundquist
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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86
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Rodriguez-Cano R, Paulus DJ, Derrick JL, Blalock JA, Zvolensky MJ. Emotion dysregulation and hazardous drinking in relation to suicidal ideation among Spanish-speaking Latinx daily-smokers. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 132:108508. [PMID: 34098209 PMCID: PMC8630077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidal ideation has increased among Latinx individuals in the last decade. Smoking increases the likelihood of suicidal ideation but work on Latinx smokers is minimal. Hazardous drinking and emotion dysregulation could be factors related to suicidal ideation among Latinx smokers, as has been evident in non-Latinx White samples. The current study sought to examine the main and interactive effects of emotion dysregulation and hazardous drinking in relation to suicidal ideation among Latinx daily-smokers. METHODS Participants were 371 Spanish-speaking daily-smokers (58.8% female; Mage = 33.3; SDage = 9.8) recruited from the United States through Qualtrics. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test an interactive model of emotion dysregulation and hazardous alcohol consumption in relation to suicidal ideation; we also tested the effect of emotion dysregulation on suicidal ideation as a function of hazardous drinking status. RESULTS Results indicated that latent emotional dysregulation was associated with greater suicidal ideation (p < 0.001); however, hazardous drinking was not related to suicidal ideation (p = 0.186). The interactive term of emotional dysregulation and hazardous drinking was significantly related to suicidal ideation (p = 0.017). Specifically, greater emotion dysregulation was significantly related to suicidal ideation among Latinx smokers who engaged in hazardous drinking (p < 0.001) but not those who did not engage in hazardous drinking (p = 0.123). CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that smoking combined with hazardous drinking may be related to increased suicidal ideation among Latinx smokers. Findings are discussed in relation to the potential role of intervention strategies that focus on emotion dysregulation and hazardous drinking among Latinx current daily smokers to mitigate suicidal risk among this established health disparities population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Rodriguez-Cano
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Daniel J Paulus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaye L Derrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Janice A Blalock
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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87
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Berny LM, Tanner-Smith EE. Differential Predictors of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts: Internalizing Disorders and Substance Use in a Clinical Sample of Adolescents. J Dual Diagn 2022; 18:59-69. [PMID: 34982653 PMCID: PMC8960344 DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2021.2016343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Dually diagnosed adolescents are a high-risk population for experiencing suicidal thoughts and behavior. Given that research suggests risk factors for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts may be different, this study examined whether internalizing disorder severity, frequency of substance use, and the interaction between them differentiated adolescents who attempted suicide from those who ideated. Methods: Baseline data from 287 adolescents who received formal substance use disorder (SUD) treatment were used in this analysis. Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) severity as well as past-3 month use of alcohol, cannabis, and other illicit drugs were considered. The outcome of interest was a three-category measure of suicide risk: no reported suicidal ideation or attempts, suicidal ideation only, and suicide attempts. Results: Over half of the sample disclosed prior suicidal ideation (30.0%) or attempts (27.9%). Multinomial logistic regression models indicated more severe MDD and GAD symptomology differentiated ideators from non-suicidal adolescents, but internalizing disorder severity did not differ between ideators and attempters. Substance use frequency did not differ between suicide risk groups. MDD severity and frequency of alcohol use interacted to increase the risk of attempts, yet the effects were minimal. Instead, prior weapon violence victimization and sexual abuse were the largest differentiators between attempters and ideators. Conclusions: Findings suggest that internalizing disorder severity and prior traumatic experiences put adolescents with SUD histories at higher risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Thus, integrating evidence-based suicide prevention and intervention efforts into SUD treatment is critical, particularly for dually diagnosed adolescents who meet these risk profiles. Psychotherapy and medication may help curtail the development of ideation by reducing symptoms of MDD and GAD, whereas adolescents with prior traumatic experiences may benefit from additional treatments shown to lower risk of suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Berny
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Emily E Tanner-Smith
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.,Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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88
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Parenthood and lower risk of suicide in women and men: the total Swedish population followed across adulthood. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2022; 57:2241-2250. [PMID: 35838797 PMCID: PMC9636107 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-022-02321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest a protective effect of parenthood on suicide, but little is known about how the association may change across the lifespan, or in relation to sex, marital status or occurrence of psychiatric disorders. METHODS We followed a cohort of over 5 million Swedish women and men, from 1991 to 2011, up to max. age 75, for death by suicide using national registers. Information on childbirths/adoptions, potential confounders and modifying factors were obtained from national registers. We assessed the associations between parenthood and suicide across adulthood using within time-stratified Cox regression models, with parenthood as a time-dependent exposure. RESULTS Parents had a lower risk of suicide than non-parents across the lifespan, after adjusting for sociodemographic factors. The association was most pronounced in young adults, especially young women, but attenuated with increasing age and converged between sexes in older age groups. The lower risk of suicide over the life course was similar whether parents were married, unmarried or divorced, apart from married men; among them, parents only had a lower risk above age 55. The lower risk in parents was also evident in people with a history of psychiatric hospitalizations, but disappeared from age 55 in this population. CONCLUSION The lower risk of suicide was present in both parents, was most pronounced in young adulthood and weakened with increasing age. Our results are consistent with a plausible mechanism where feelings of responsibility and connectedness are protective against suicide in parents.
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Usul E, Şan İ, Korkut S, Kayıpmaz S, Bekgöz B. Analysis of Suicide Cases from Ankara Province: A 3-year Emergency Medical Services Experience. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2022; 93:e2022083. [PMID: 35546039 PMCID: PMC9171880 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v93i2.10357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM While the term "completed suicide" refers to suicides that have resulted in death,"suicide attempts" refers to all attempts that do not result in death.Analyzing EMS cases is a reliable method of obtaining data on suicide attempts and completed suicides. We aimed to determine the relationship between the occurrence of cases on weekdays, weekends, public holidays or long holidays and case characteristics. METHODOLOGY We evaluated EMS data of Ankara Province on completed suicide and suicide attempts including the date range 01.01.2017- 31.12.2019. We evaluated the data in terms of age, gender, mortality at the scene, and suicide method. In addition, we evaluated the data according to the hour, day, month, season, and year of the cases. We classified the suicide cases according to their occurrence on weekdays, weekends, public holidays or long holidays. RESULTS During the 3-year period included in the study, Ankara EMS assigned ambulances to a total of 940,546 cases. Of these cases, 8231 (0.875%) were suicide attempts and completed suicides. Suicide attempts were most frequent in males, in the 20-24 age group, in summer, in July, on Sundays, and between the hours 18:00 and 24:00. The most common method in suicide attempts was self-poisoning by drugs. Completed suicides were most frequent in males, in the 30-34 age group, in spring, in May, on Mondays and Tuesdays, and between the hours 18:00 and 24:00. CONCLUSION We evaluated different characteristics of suicide cases of EMS. In Turkey, there are few studies in the EMS field on this issue. Therefore, we believe that this study will contribute to the epidemiological evaluation of suicides. We hope that results of this study will help to prevent both suicides and suicide attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Usul
- Sincan Dr Nafiz Körez State Hospital, Emergency Service, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İshak Şan
- University of Health Sciences, Ankara City Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Semih Korkut
- University of Health Sciences, Kartal Dr Lütfi Kırdar Training and Research Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selvi Kayıpmaz
- University of Başkent, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Bekgöz
- Ankara City Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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90
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Syed IB, Nannapaneni M. Estimation of Olanzapine and Samidorphan in bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Using RP-HPL. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND ALLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/zqd8wfwa6y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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91
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Liu C, Rotaru K, Chamberlain SR, Yücel M, Grant JE, Lee RSC, Wulandari T, Suo C, Albertella L. Distress-driven impulsivity interacts with trait compulsivity in association with problematic drinking: A two-sample study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:938275. [PMID: 36203833 PMCID: PMC9530652 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.938275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Problematic drinking is highly prevalent among the general population, oftentimes leading to significant negative consequences, including physical injury, psychological problems and financial hardship. In order to design targeted early interventions for problematic drinking, it is important to understand the mechanisms that render individuals at risk for and/or maintain this behavior. Two candidate drivers of problematic drinking are distress-driven impulsivity and trait compulsivity, with recent research suggesting these constructs may interact to enhance risk for addictive behaviors. The current study examined whether individual differences in distress-driven impulsivity and trait compulsivity interact in relation to problematic drinking. METHOD Distress-driven impulsivity (indexed by the S-UPPS-P negative urgency subscale), trait compulsivity (indexed by the CHIT scale) and problematic drinking (indexed by the BATCAP alcohol scale) were assessed in two independent online samples (Sample 1, n = 117; Sample 2, n = 474). Bootstrapped moderation analysis was conducted to examine whether trait compulsivity moderated the relationship between distress-driven impulsivity and problematic drinking. RESULTS In both samples, there was a significant interaction between distress-driven impulsivity and trait compulsivity in relation to problematic drinking. Follow-up tests revealed that, in both samples, higher distress-driven impulsivity was associated with more problematic drinking behaviors among participants with high trait compulsivity only. CONCLUSIONS The current findings add to the growing literature supporting an interactive relationship between impulsivity and compulsivity-related traits in relation to addictive behaviors and have implications for informing early detection of risk and targeted early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristian Rotaru
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Monash Business School, Monash University, Caulfield, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Murat Yücel
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon E Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Rico S C Lee
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Teresa Wulandari
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Lucy Albertella
- BrainPark, Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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92
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Mendes MVDC, dos Santos SL, de Castro CCL, Furtado BMASM, da Costa HVV, de Ceballos AGDC, Galvão PVM, do Bonfim CV. Analysis of Factors Associated with the Risk of Suicide in a Brazilian Capital: Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:ijerph19010373. [PMID: 35010635 PMCID: PMC8751138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Suicide and suicide attempts are considered global health problems. With regard to the main causes of unnatural deaths, Brazil ranks as the eighth country with the highest absolute number of suicides. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the risk of suicide in a metropolitan city in Brazil. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in Recife, in the northeast region of Brazil. Epidemiological surveillance was conducted on the information systems regarding attempted suicide, suicide, and undetermined deaths in the period from 2007 to 2017. A record linkage between the information systems was performed. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression were performed with an adopted a significance level of 5%. In the city of Recife, there were 4495 suicide attempts in the period, and the most frequent suicide attempts were by single females, aged between 20 and 39 years old, and who used either medication or poison to die by suicide. A total of 141 individuals died by suicide, and exogenous intoxication was the most common method. Knowing the common characteristics and associated factors of those who attempt and die by suicide is key for the development of prevention policies and intervention strategies for suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Vinicius de Carvalho Mendes
- Center for Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50740-000, PE, Brazil; (S.L.d.S.); (A.G.d.C.d.C.); (C.V.d.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Solange Laurentino dos Santos
- Center for Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50740-000, PE, Brazil; (S.L.d.S.); (A.G.d.C.d.C.); (C.V.d.B.)
| | | | | | | | - Albanita Gomes da Costa de Ceballos
- Center for Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50740-000, PE, Brazil; (S.L.d.S.); (A.G.d.C.d.C.); (C.V.d.B.)
| | | | - Cristine Vieira do Bonfim
- Center for Medical Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Public Health, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife 50740-000, PE, Brazil; (S.L.d.S.); (A.G.d.C.d.C.); (C.V.d.B.)
- Directorate of Social Research, Foundation Joaquim Nabuco, Recife 52061-540, PE, Brazil
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93
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Nontarak J, Geater AF, Assanangkornchai S, Aekplakorn W. Expected Years Of Life Lost Due To Alcohol Consumption In Thai Adults: A 16-Year Follow-Up Cohort Of National Health Examination Survey 2004-2019. Alcohol Alcohol 2021; 57:490-499. [PMID: 34871346 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Evidence of premature death attributable to alcohol, a modifiable risk factor, is crucial for guiding public health policy for alcohol control. The aim of this study was to estimate alcohol-related mortality and potential years of life lost (PYLL) in Thailand in 2004-2019. METHODS We analysed data of the third National Health Examination Survey in 2004 linked to National Death Registry data of 2004-2019. Causes of death were based on International Classification of Diseases version 10. PYLL was calculated by cause of death, age group and sex. All analyses were weighted to take into account the probabilities for the multi-stage sampling of the 2004 Thai population aged ≥15 years. RESULTS There were 10,704 deaths with a follow-up time of 507,771.7 person-years. The crude mortality rate of the initial sample was 868.6 per 100,000 population. The mortality rate attributable to alcohol was 18.6 per 100,000 population (30.7 per 100,000 population in males and 6.8 per 100,000 population in females). The top leading cause of alcohol-attributable deaths was unspecified liver diseases in both males and females (6.1 and 3.1 per 100,000 population, respectively). The total years of life lost (YLL) at baseline were 9.4 million years or 49.5 years per person on average, with significantly more years in males. Mortality rate and expected YLL were highest in ages of 30-44 years, followed by 15-29 years. CONCLUSION Males were 4-fold more likely to die from all alcohol-attributable causes compared with females. Young adults had a greater loss of life years than older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiraluck Nontarak
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Public health, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Alan Frederick Geater
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Sawitri Assanangkornchai
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Wichai Aekplakorn
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Rama VI Rd., Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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94
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Iverson GL, Deep-Soboslay A, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE, Erskine B, Fisher-Hubbard A, deJong JL, Castellani RJ. Suicide in Older Adult Men Is Not Related to a Personal History of Participation in Football. Front Neurol 2021; 12:745824. [PMID: 34899570 PMCID: PMC8662809 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.745824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is reasonable to estimate that tens of millions of men in the United States played high school football. There is societal concern that participation in football confers risk for later-in-life mental health problems. The purpose of this study is to examine whether there is an association between a personal history of playing high school football and death by suicide. Methods: The subjects were obtained from the Lieber Institute for Brain Development (LIBD) brain donation program in collaboration with the Office of the Medical Examiner at Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine. Donor history was documented via medical records, mental health records, and telephone interviews with the next-of-kin. Results: The sample included 198 men aged 50 or older (median = 65.0 years, interquartile range = 57-75). There were 34.8% who participated in contact sports during high school (including football), and 29.8% participated in high school football. Approximately one-third of the sample had suicide as their manner of death (34.8%). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportions of suicide as a manner of death among those men with a personal history of playing football compared to men who did not play football or who did not play sports (p = 0.070, Odds Ratio, OR = 0.537). Those who played football were significantly less likely to have a lifetime history of a suicide attempt (p = 0.012, OR = 0.352). Men with mood disorders (p < 0.001, OR = 10.712), substance use disorders (p < 0.020, OR = 2.075), and those with a history of suicide ideation (p < 0.001, OR = 8.038) or attempts (p < 0.001, OR = 40.634) were more likely to have suicide as a manner of death. Moreover, those men with a family history of suicide were more likely to have prior suicide attempts (p = 0.031, OR = 2.153) and to have completed suicide (p = 0.001, OR = 2.927). Discussion: Suicide was related to well-established risk factors such as a personal history of a mood disorder, substance abuse disorder, prior suicide ideation, suicide attempts, and a family history of suicide attempts. This study adds to a steadily growing body of evidence suggesting that playing high school football is not associated with increased risk for suicidality or suicide during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L. Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Spaulding Research Institute, Charlestown, MA, United States
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children Sports Concussion Program, Boston, MA, United States
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Amy Deep-Soboslay
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Thomas M. Hyde
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joel E. Kleinman
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brittany Erskine
- Department of Pathology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Amanda Fisher-Hubbard
- Department of Pathology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Joyce L. deJong
- Department of Pathology, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Rudolph J. Castellani
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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95
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Borges G, García-Pacheco JÁ, Familiar-Lopez I. Global estimates of the attributable risk of alcohol consumption on road injuries. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2021; 45:2080-2089. [PMID: 34748239 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption is one of the main risk factors for death by road injuries, but little is known about the global distribution of the population-attributable risk (PAR) of alcohol use for death by road injuries. METHODS We used publicly available data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) to estimate the PAR of alcohol use for 5 types of road injury, globally and individually for available countries, by socio-demographic index (SDI), and by age, sex, and year from 1990 to 2019. RESULTS 6.6% of all road injuries in 2019 were attributable to alcohol consumption, with large variations worldwide; the highest burden was in Europe and among countries classified in the high-middle SDI. PAR was higher in men than in women, and among younger individuals. Important variations in PAR of alcohol were also observed by road injury type, with motorcyclist road injuries having the highest PAR. Overall, PAR showed a small increase during 1990-2019; younger (<39 years old) men showed an increasing trend during this period, while older women had a decreasing trend in PAR. CONCLUSIONS PAR for alcohol and road injuries is not homogenous. Large PAR for alcohol and road deaths was found in Europe, among men, young adults, and motorcyclists. These results could help public health agencies, law enforcement, and the public guide efforts to reduce these deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Borges
- Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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96
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Amiri S. Smoking and alcohol use in unemployed populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:254-277. [PMID: 34747337 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1981124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Unemployment is an economic and social phenomenon that has economic, social, personal, and health consequences. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use and smoking as a systematic review and meta-analysis. The two databases PubMed and Scopus were selected for the search and using a set of keywords, these two sources of scientific information were searched from 2004 to June 2021 and 1996 until June 2021, respectively. To meta-analyze the relationship between unemployment and smoking and alcohol use, odds ratio and confidence interval were calculated for this relationship. The meta-analysis was performed based on a random-effects. Subgroups were also performed for men and women. Heterogeneity in studies as well as publication bias were also examined. A total of 52 cross-sectional and cohort studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the relationship between unemployment and alcohol use, the odds ratio was 1.25 and the confidence interval was between 1.12 and 1.41. In the relationship between unemployment and smoking, the odds ratio was 1.43 and the confidence interval was between 1.13 and 1.81. According to the results, it can be said that unemployment increases the likelihood of alcohol use and smoking. Therefore, policymakers must pay more attention to the health consequences of economic problems, especially unemployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Lifestyle Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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97
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Cheng HG, Edwards AC. Major depressive symptoms and escalation of drinking among new drinkers in the United States: Variations across sex and age groups. Addict Behav 2021; 122:107017. [PMID: 34146797 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy episodic drinking is common in the United States (US) and causes substantial burden to individuals and the society. The transition from first drinking to first heavy drinking episode is a major milestone in the escalation of drinking. There is limited evidence about whether major depressive symptoms predict the progression from drinking to heavy drinking and potential variations across age, sex, and depressive symptoms. In this study, we aim to estimate the association between history of major depressive symptoms and the risk of first heavy drinking episode among new drinkers in the US. METHODS Study population was US non-institutionalized civilian new drinkers 12 years of age and older who had their first drink during the past 12 months drawn from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. History of major depressive symptoms and alcohol drinking behaviors were assessed via audio-computer-assisted self-interviews. Logistic regressions and structural equation modeling were used for analysis. RESULTS Depressed mood and/or anhedonia predicted the transition from the first drink to a heavy drinking episode among underage female new drinkers, whereas null associations were found among males and female new drinkers who had their first drink at 21 and later. Among new drinkers with depressed mood and/or anhedonia, low mood or energy positively predicted the progression to a heavy drinking episode among late-adolescent boys, but negatively among late-adolescent girls; neurovegetative symptoms positively predicted the progression to a heavy drinking episode among young adult new drinkers. CONCLUSIONS The relationships linking major depressive symptoms and the transition from drinking to first heavy drinking episode vary across age, sex, and depressive symptoms.
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98
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Schmidt RA, Genois R, Jin J, Vigo D, Rehm J, Rush B. The early impact of COVID-19 on the incidence, prevalence, and severity of alcohol use and other drugs: A systematic review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 228:109065. [PMID: 34600257 PMCID: PMC8455354 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this paper was to examine the early impact of COVID-19 on substance use to assess implications for planning substance use treatment and support systems. METHOD A systematic review of literature published up to March 2021 was conducted to summarize changes in prevalence, incidence, and severity of substance use associated with COVID-19 and the accompanying public health measures, including lockdown, stay-at-home orders, and social distancing. RESULTS We identified 53 papers describing changes to substance use at the population level. The majority of papers described changes related to alcohol use and most relied on self-reported measures of consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with pre-pandemic use. There was less evidence to support changes in non-alcohol substance use. In general, risky pre-pandemic alcohol use, caregiving responsibilities, stress, depression, anxiety, and current treatment for a mental disorder were found to be associated with increased substance use. CONCLUSION This review provides preliminary data on changes in substance use, indicating that certain segments of the population increased their alcohol use early on in the COVID-19 pandemic and may be at greater risk of harm and in need of additional services. There is a need for additional population-level information on substance use to inform evidence-based rapid responses from a treatment system perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Schmidt
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada.
| | - Rosalie Genois
- Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Jin
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada.
| | - Daniel Vigo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada; Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy & Center of Clinical Epidemiology and Longitudinal Studies (CELOS), Technische Universität Dresden, Chemnitzer Str. 46, 01187 Dresden, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, 8th Floor, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada; Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya str., 8, b. 2, 119992 Moscow, Russian Federation; Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, 81-95 Roc Boronat St., 08005 Barcelona, Spain; Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Brian Rush
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5T 2S1, Canada.
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99
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Bai W, Liu ZH, Jiang YY, Zhang QE, Rao WW, Cheung T, Hall BJ, Xiang YT. Worldwide prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide plan among people with schizophrenia: a meta-analysis and systematic review of epidemiological surveys. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:552. [PMID: 34716297 PMCID: PMC8556328 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with high premature mortality rates. This is a meta-analysis and systematic review of the prevalence of suicidal ideation (SI) and suicide plan (SP) among people with schizophrenia. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and PsycINFO were systematically searched from their respective inception to October 10, 2020. Data on prevalence of SI and/or SP were synthesized using the random effects model. Twenty-six studies covering 5079 people with schizophrenia were included for meta-analysis. The lifetime and point prevalence of SI were 34.5% (95% CI: 28.2-40.9%), and 29.9% (95% CI: 24.2-35.6%), respectively. The lifetime prevalence of SP was 44.3% and the point prevalence of SP ranged between 6.4 and 13%. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses revealed that source of patients, survey countries, and sample size were significantly associated with the point prevalence of SI, while male proportion and quality assessment scores were significantly associated with the lifetime and point prevalence of SI. Survey time and mean age were significantly associated with lifetime prevalence of SI. Both SI and SP are common in people living with schizophrenia, especially in males and inpatients. Routine screening and effective interventions for SI and SP should be implemented in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bai
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Z H Liu
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Y Y Jiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - Q E Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - W W Rao
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
| | - T Cheung
- School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - B J Hall
- New York University (Shanghai), Shanghai, China
- Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Y T Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, & Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
- Institute of Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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100
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Hökby S, Westerlund J, Blazevska B, Hadlaczky G. Suicides during the Swedish midsummer holiday: analysis of cause of death data 1980-2018. Nord J Psychiatry 2021; 75:487-493. [PMID: 33810780 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2021.1900388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous studies have demonstrated increased suicide rates on holidays such as New Year, nationally and internationally. Comparable to New Year's Eve, Swedish Midsummer is a major holiday, linked to high levels of alcohol consumption in the population. We, therefore, hypothesized that suicides and deaths with undetermined intent would increase during the Midsummer celebration. METHODS We used a retrospective death registry design to investigate all suicides that occurred on Midsummer's Eve (ME), Midsummer's Day (MD) and 28 adjacent days (AD) during 1980-2018. Data were stratified by diagnosis type, sex and age, and was analyzed with paired t-tests, Poisson regression, and time-series charts with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS During the 30-day investigation period, the observed average was 4.3 deaths per day (23.3% cases with undetermined intent). ME, but not MD, was associated with significantly fewer suicides compared to AD (-1.08 deaths, p < .01). ME, but not MD, was simultaneously associated with more deaths with undetermined intent (+0.58 deaths, p = .007). No moderating sex or age effects were found. Descriptive statistics showed that poisonings, drownings and traffic-related injuries were common among the undetermined ME cases. DISCUSSION The study found that suicide decreases and deaths with undetermined intent increases on ME. The findings are interpreted considering that substance use may affect both suicidal intentions and diagnosis classifications. Social and cultural support and holiday anticipations might also account for suicidal behaviors on ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hökby
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joakim Westerlund
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bianca Blazevska
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gergö Hadlaczky
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Centre for Health Economics, Informatics and Health Services Research, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden.,National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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