51
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Qian JJ, Qiu LG, Wang YM, Yuan YP, Xie AJ, Shen YH. Fabrication of magnetically separable fluorescent terbium-based MOF nanospheres for highly selective trace-level detection of TNT. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:3978-83. [PMID: 24452313 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52777h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we present novel kinds of Fe3O4@Tb-BTC magnetic metal-organic framework (MOF) nanospheres which possess both magnetic characteristics and fluorescent properties using a layer by layer assembly technique. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared Fe3O4@Tb-BTC were systematically characterized and it was applied in detection of nitroaromatic explosives, such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), 2-nitrotoluene (2-NT), 4-nitrotoluene (4-NT), nitrobenzene (NB) and picric acid (PA). The results indicate that the fluorescence intensity of Fe3O4@Tb-BTC can be quenched by all analytes studied in the present work. Remarkably, the as-synthesized nanospheres exhibit high sensitivity for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection with Ksv value of (94 800 M(-1)). Besides, the magnetic nanospheres can be easily recycled, which makes it more convenient for reutilization and friendly to the environment. The results show that it has broad application prospects in the detection of nitroaromatic explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Qian
- Laboratory of Advanced Porous Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, China.
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52
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Vishnoi P, Walawalkar MG, Sen S, Datta A, Patwari GN, Murugavel R. Selective fluorescence sensing of polynitroaromatic explosives using triaminophenylbenzene scaffolds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10651-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00930d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C3-Symmetric 1,3,5-tris(4′-aminophenyl)benzene has been employed as a selective fluorescence chemosensor for polynitroaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Vishnoi
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai, India-400 076
| | | | - Saumik Sen
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai, India-400 076
| | - Anindya Datta
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai, India-400 076
| | - G. Naresh Patwari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai, India-400 076
| | - Ramaswamy Murugavel
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai, India-400 076
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53
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Ma Y, Wang L. Upconversion luminescence nanosensor for TNT selective and label-free quantification in the mixture of nitroaromatic explosives. Talanta 2013; 120:100-5. [PMID: 24468348 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports a rapid, sensitive, and selective nanosensor for the detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in the mixture aqueous solution of nitroaromatics independent of immunoassay or molecularly imprinted technology and complicated instruments. Despite many strategies including immunoassay and molecularly imprinted technologies been successfully developed for the detection of TNT, it is not easy to differentiate TNT from 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) due to their very similar chemical structures and properties. In this work, the amine functionalized NaYF4:Yb(3+)/Er(3+) upconversion luminescence nanoparticles (UCNPs) whose excitation (980 nm) and emission (543 nm) wavelength were far from the absorbance bands of other usual interference nitroaromatics including 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), nitrobenzene (NB), and especially TNP, were utilized as the luminescent nanosensors for TNT luminescence detection. To make these UCNPs highly water stable and render the charge transfer from UCNPs to TNT easier, amino groups were introduced onto the surface of the UCNPs by coating a polymer layer of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) hybridized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS). After binding with TNT through amino groups on the UCNPs, the naked eye visible green upconversion luminescence of the UCNPs was dramatically quenched and thus a sensitive UC luminescence nanosensor was developed for TNT detection. However, other nitroaromatics including TNP, DNT, and NB have no influence on the green UC luminescence and thus no influence on the TNT detection. The luminescence intensity is negatively proportional to the concentration of TNT in the range of 0.01-9.0 µg/mL with the 3σ limit of detection (LOD) of 9.7 ng/mL. The present studies provide a novel and facile strategy to fabricate the upconversion luminescence sensors with highly selective recognition ability in aqueous media and are desirable for label free analysis of TNT in mixed solution independent of immunoassay and molecularly imprinted technology and complicated instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Leyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmentally Harmful Chemical Analysis, School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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54
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Ma Y, Huang S, Wang L. Multifunctional inorganic–organic hybrid nanospheres for rapid and selective luminescence detection of TNT in mixed nitroaromatics via magnetic separation. Talanta 2013; 116:535-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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55
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Barata PD, Prata JV. Cooperative Effects in the Detection of a Nitroaliphatic Liquid Explosive and an Explosive Taggant in the Vapor Phase by Calix[4]arene-Based Carbazole-Containing Conjugated Polymers. Chempluschem 2013; 79:83-89. [PMID: 31986770 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201300280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two fluorescent molecular receptor based conjugated polymers were used in the detection of a nitroaliphatic liquid explosive (nitromethane) and an explosive taggant (2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane) in the vapor phase. Results have shown that thin films of both polymers display remarkably high sensitivity and selectivity toward these analytes. Very fast, reproducible, and reversible responses were found. The unique behavior of these supramolecular host systems is ascribed to cooperativity effects developed between the calix[4]arene hosts and the phenylene ethynylene-carbazolylene main chains. The calix[4]arene hosts create a plethora of host-guest binding sites along the polymer backbone, either in their bowl-shaped cavities or between the outer walls of the cavity, to direct guests to the area of the transduction centers (main chain) at which favorable photoinduced electron transfer to the guest molecules occurs and leads to the observed fluorescence quenching. The high tridimensional porous nature of the polymers imparted by the bis-calixarene moieties concomitantly allows fast diffusion of guest molecules into the polymer thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia D Barata
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Engenharia Química and Centro de Investigação de Engenharia, Química e Biotecnologia, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1959-007 Lisboa (Portugal)
| | - José V Prata
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica, Departamento de Engenharia Química and Centro de Investigação de Engenharia, Química e Biotecnologia, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, R. Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1959-007 Lisboa (Portugal)
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56
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Bovine serum albumin coated CuInS2 quantum dots as a near-infrared fluorescence probe for 2,4,6-trinitrophenol detection. Talanta 2013; 116:870-5. [PMID: 24148487 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel near-infrared fluorescence probe for the determination of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) was developed based on bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated CuInS2 quantum dot (QD). Water-soluble CuInS2 QDs were directly synthesized in aqueous solution with mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as stablizers, and it was coated by BSA via an amide link interacting with carboxyl of the MPA-capped CuInS2 QDs. The obtained BSA coated CuInS2 QDs (BSA-CuInS2 QDs) can bind TNP in water via the acid-base pairing interaction between electron-rich amino groups of BSA and electron-deficient nitroaromatic rings, and leading the fluorescence quenching of BSA-CuInS2 QDs. The quenched fluorescence intensity of BSA-CuInS2 QDs was proportional to the concentration of TNP in the concentration ranges from 50 nmol/L to 3.0 μmol/L. The detection limit (LOD) for TNP was 28 nmol/L. The developed fluorescence probe showed a excellent resistant to interference of metal ions such as K(+), Na(+), Zn(2+), Cu(2+), Hg(2+), and Pb(2+). The developed biosensor was applied to the determination of TNP in spiked water samples with satisfactory results.
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57
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Carrillo-Carrión C, Simonet BM, Valcárcel M. Determination of TNT explosive based on its selectively interaction with creatinine-capped CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 792:93-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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58
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Wang L, Wang D, Lu H, Wang H, Xue L, Feng S. New cyano functionalized silanes: aggregation-induced emission enhancement properties and detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Appl Organomet Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Dengxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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59
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Kim SB, Lee EB, Choi JH, Cho DG. Simple fluorescent chemosensors for TNT: one-step synthesis. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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60
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Optimization of the electrochemical reduction of nitromethane for the development of an integrated portable sensor. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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61
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Sablok K, Bhalla V, Sharma P, Kaushal R, Chaudhary S, Suri CR. Amine functionalized graphene oxide/CNT nanocomposite for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of trinitrotoluene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2013; 248-249:322-328. [PMID: 23416475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Binding of electron-deficient trinitrotoluene (TNT) to the electron rich amine groups on a substrate form specific charge-transfer Jackson-Meisenheimer (JM) complex. In the present work, we report formation of specific JM complex on amine functionalized reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotubes- (a-rGO/CNT) nanocomposite leading to sensitive detection of TNT. The CNT were dispersed using graphene oxide that provides excellent dispersion by attaching to CNT through its hydrophobic domains and solubilizes through the available OH and COOH groups on screen printed electrode (SPE). The GO was reduced electrochemically to form reduced graphene that remarkably increases electrochemical properties owing to the intercalation of high aspect CNT on graphene flakes as shown by TEM micrograph. The surface amine functionalization of dropcasted and rGO/CNT was carried out using a bi-functional cross linker ethylenediamine. The extent of amine functionalization on modified electrodes was confirmed using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and confocal microscopy. The FTIR and Raman spectra further suggested the formation of JM complex between amine functionalized electrodes and TNT leading to a shift in peak intensity together with peak broadening. The a-rGO/CNT nanocomposite prepared electrode surface leads to ultra-trace detection of TNT upto 0.01 ppb with good reproducibility (n=3). The a-rGO/CNT sensing platform could be an alternate for sensitive detection of TNT explosive for various security and environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Sablok
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR) Sector-39A, Chandigarh160036, India
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62
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Bhalla V, Arora H, Singh H, Kumar M. Triphenylene derivatives: chemosensors for sensitive detection of nitroaromatic explosives. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:969-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31459b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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63
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Li X, Li Q, Zhou H, Hao H, Wang T, Zhao S, Lu Y, Huang G. Rapid, on-site identification of explosives in nanoliter droplets using a UV reflected fiber optic sensor. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 751:112-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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64
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Zhang S, Ding L, Lü F, Liu T, Fang Y. Fluorescent film sensors based on SAMs of pyrene derivatives for detecting nitroaromatics in aqueous solutions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 97:31-37. [PMID: 22750335 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The detection of nitroaromatics in aqueous solutions by a novel pyrene-functionalized film has been investigated in the present study. The pyrene moieties were attached on the glass surface via a long flexible spacer based on self-assembled monolayer technique. Steady-state fluorescence measurements revealed that these surface-attached pyrene moieties exhibited both monomer and excimer emission. Nitroaromatics such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) were found to efficiently quench the fluorescence emission of this film. The quenching results demonstrated that the excimer emission of these surface-confined pyrene moieties is more sensitive to the presence of nitroaromatics than the monomer emission. The quenching mechanism was examined through fluorescence lifetime measurement and it revealed that the quenching is static in nature and may be caused by electron transfer from the polycyclic aromatics to the nitroaromatics. Furthermore, the response of the film to nitroaromatics is fast and reversible, and the obtained film shows promising potentials in detecting explosives in aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Zhang
- Xi'an High Technique Institute, Xi'an 710025, PR China
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65
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Chen X, Cheng X, Gooding JJ. Detection of Trace Nitroaromatic Isomers Using Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes Modified Using β-Cyclodextrin and Silver Nanoparticles. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8557-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3014675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- School of
Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Xiaoyu Cheng
- School of
Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - J. Justin Gooding
- School of
Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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66
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Ma Y, Li H, Peng S, Wang L. Highly selective and sensitive fluorescent paper sensor for nitroaromatic explosive detection. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8415-21. [PMID: 22946839 DOI: 10.1021/ac302138c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP), especially using a facile paper sensor, is in high demand for homeland security and public safety. Although many strategies have been successfully developed for the detection of TNT, it is not easy to differentiate the influence from TNP. Also, few methods were demonstrated for the selective detection of TNP. In this work, via a facile and versatile method, 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq(3))-based bluish green fluorescent composite nanospheres were successfully synthesized through self-assembly under vigorous stirring and ultrasonic treatment. These polymer-coated nanocomposites are not only water-stable but also highly luminescent. Based on the dramatic and selective fluorescence quenching of the nanocomposites via adding TNP into the aqueous solution, a sensitive and robust platform was developed for visual detection of TNP in the mixture of nitroaromatics including TNT, 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), and nitrobenzene (NB). Meanwhile, the fluorescence intensity is proportional to the concentration of TNP in the range of 0.05-7.0 μg/mL with the 3σ limit of detection of 32.3 ng/mL. By handwriting or finger printing with TNP solution as ink on the filter paper soaked with the fluorescent nanocomposites, the bluish green fluorescence was instantly and dramatically quenched and the dark patterns were left on the paper. Therefore, a convenient and rapid paper sensor for TNP-selective detection was fabricated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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67
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Make it different: The plasma treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes improve electrochemical performances toward nitroaromatic compounds. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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68
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Zhang W, Qiu LG, Yuan YP, Xie AJ, Shen YH, Zhu JF. Microwave-assisted synthesis of highly fluorescent nanoparticles of a melamine-based porous covalent organic framework for trace-level detection of nitroaromatic explosives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 221-222:147-154. [PMID: 22560174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a new generation of porous materials constructed from light elements linked by strong covalent bonds. Herein we present rapid preparation of highly fluorescent nanoparticles of a new type of COF, i.e. melamine-based porous polymeric network SNW-1, by a microwave-assisted synthesis route. Although the synthesis of SNW-1 has to be carried out at 180°C for 3d under conventional reflux conditions, SNW-1 nanoparticles could be obtained in 6h by using such a microwave-assisted method. The results obtained have clearly demonstrated that microwave-assisted synthesis is a simple yet highly efficient approach to nanoscale COFs or other porous polymeric materials. Remarkably, the as-synthesized SNW-1 nanoparticles exhibit extremely high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as fast response to nitroaromatic explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4,6-trinitrophenylmethylnitramine (Tetryl) and picric acid (PA) without interference by common organic solvents, which is due to the nanoscaled size and unique hierarchical porosity of such fluorescence-based sensing material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Porous Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
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69
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Park KH, Yoo JD, Ka JW, Lee CH. Calix[2]pyreno[2]pyrrole as a Fluorescence Chemical Probe for Polynitroaromatics. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.2.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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70
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Rana A, Panda PK. Fluorescent turn-off based sensing of nitrated explosives using porphyrins and their Zn(ii)-derivatives. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21271d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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71
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Wei W, Huang X, Chen K, Tao Y, Tang X. Fluorescent organic–inorganic hybrid polyphosphazene microspheres for the trace detection of nitroaromatic explosives. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20263h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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72
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Sun Q, Yao Q, Sun Z, Zhou T, Nie D, Shi G, Jin L. Determination of Parathion-methyl in Vegetables by Fluorescent-Labeled Molecular Imprinted Polymer. CHINESE J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201180370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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73
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Salinas Y, Martínez-Máñez R, Marcos MD, Sancenón F, Costero AM, Parra M, Gil S. Optical chemosensors and reagents to detect explosives. Chem Soc Rev 2011; 41:1261-96. [PMID: 21947358 DOI: 10.1039/c1cs15173h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 711] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This critical review is focused on examples reported from 1947 to 2010 related to the design of chromo-fluorogenic chemosensors and reagents for explosives (141 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Salinas
- Centro Interuniversitario de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico, (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - Universitat de València, Spain
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74
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Kang YJ, Song YH, Kim JM, Lee CW. Colorimetric and Fluorescent Changes for Transition Metal ions and Nitroaromatic Compounds Based on a Nano-Spongy Continuous Structure of LB-PANI-Amide-Py System. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.7.2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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75
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76
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Rambo BM, Sessler JL. Oligopyrrole macrocycles: receptors and chemosensors for potentially hazardous materials. Chemistry 2011; 17:4946-59. [PMID: 21465591 PMCID: PMC3133723 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oligopyrroles represent a diverse class of molecular receptors that have been utilized in a growing number of applications. Recently, these systems have attracted interest as receptors and chemosensors for hazardous materials, including harmful anionic species, high-valent actinide cations, and nitroaromatic explosives. These versatile molecular receptors have been used to develop rudimentary colorimetric and fluorimetric assays for hazardous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett M. Rambo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165 (USA), Fax: (+1) 512-471-7550
- Signature Science, LLC, 8329 North MoPac Expressway, Austin, TX 78759 (USA), Fax: (+1) 512-533-9563
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station A5300, Austin, TX 78712-0165 (USA), Fax: (+1) 512-471-7550
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749 (Korea)
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77
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Chen T, Sheng Z, Wang K, Wang F, Xia X. Determination of Explosives Using Electrochemically Reduced Graphene. Chem Asian J 2011; 6:1210-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ti‐Wei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China), Fax: (+86) 25‐83597436
| | - Zhen‐Huan Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China), Fax: (+86) 25‐83597436
| | - Kang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China), Fax: (+86) 25‐83597436
| | - Feng‐Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China), Fax: (+86) 25‐83597436
| | - Xing‐Hua Xia
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China), Fax: (+86) 25‐83597436
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78
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CdSe quantum dots capped PAMAM dendrimer nanocomposites for sensing nitroaromatic compounds. Talanta 2011; 83:1335-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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79
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Lee Y, Liu H, Lee J, Kim S, Kim S, Sessler J, Kim Y, Kim J. Dipyrenylcalix[4]arene-A Fluorescence-Based Chemosensor for Trinitroaromatic Explosives. Chemistry 2010; 16:5895-901. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200903439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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80
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Stringer RC, Gangopadhyay S, Grant SA. Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives Using a Fluorescent-Labeled Imprinted Polymer. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4015-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Cody Stringer
- Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Shubhra Gangopadhyay
- Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Sheila A. Grant
- Department of Biological Engineering and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
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81
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Devaraj NK, Hilderbrand S, Upadhyay R, Mazitschek R, Weissleder R. Bioorthogonal turn-on probes for imaging small molecules inside living cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:2869-72. [PMID: 20306505 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200906120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glowing tags: a series of activatable ("turn-on") tetrazine-conjugated fluorescent probes was developed, which react rapidly in an inverse-electron-demand [4+2] cycloaddition with strained dienophiles such as trans-cyclooctene, thereby strongly increasing the fluorescence intensity. The novel turn-on probes were applied for intracellular live-cell imaging of a microtubuli-binding trans-cyclooctene modified taxol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal K Devaraj
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, 02114, USA
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82
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Devaraj N, Hilderbrand S, Upadhyay R, Mazitschek R, Weissleder R. Bioorthogonal Turn-On Probes for Imaging Small Molecules inside Living Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200906120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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83
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Yoo J, Kim Y, Kim SJ, Lee CH. Anion-modulated, highly sensitive supramolecular fluorescence chemosensor for C70. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:5449-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc00631a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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84
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Chen W, Zuckerman NB, Konopelski JP, Chen S. Pyrene-Functionalized Ruthenium Nanoparticles as Effective Chemosensors for Nitroaromatic Derivatives. Anal Chem 2009; 82:461-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902394s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Nathaniel B. Zuckerman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Joseph P. Konopelski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
| | - Shaowei Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064
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85
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Park J, Le Derf F, Bejger C, Lynch V, Sessler J, Nielsen K, Johnsen C, Jeppesen J. Positive Homotropic Allosteric Receptors for Neutral Guests: Annulated Tetrathiafulvalene-Calix[4]pyrroles as Colorimetric Chemosensors for Nitroaromatic Explosives. Chemistry 2009; 16:848-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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86
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Liu Y, Lan D, Wei W. Layer-by-layer assembled DNA-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube hybrids-modified electrodes for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene detection. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2009.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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87
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Qu Y, Liu Y, Zhou T, Shi G, Jin L. Electrochemical Sensor Prepared from Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Recognition of 1,3-Dinitrobenzene (DNB). CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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88
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Burattini S, Colquhoun HM, Greenland BW, Hayes W, Wade M. Pyrene-functionalised, alternating copolyimide for sensing nitroaromatic compounds. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:459-63. [PMID: 21706625 DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A novel, pyrene-functionalised copolymer has been synthesised in a single step via imidisation of poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) with 1-pyrenemethylamine, and its potential for the detection of volatile nitro aromatic compounds (NACs) evaluated. The new copolymer forms complexes in solution with NACs such as 2,5-dinitrobenzonitrile, as shown by (1) H NMR, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, thin films of this copolymer, cast from THF solution, undergo almost instantaneous fluorescence quenching when exposed to the vapour of 2,5-dinitrobenzonitrile (a model for TNT) at ambient temperatures and pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Burattini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, RG6 6AD, UK
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89
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TNT determination based on its degradation by immobilized HRP with electrochemical sensor. Electrochem commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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90
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Meaney MS, McGuffin VL. Luminescence-based methods for sensing and detection of explosives. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 391:2557-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2194-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2007] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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91
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Preparation of monolayer-assembled fluorescent film and its sensing performances to hidden nitroaromatic explosives. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-008-0176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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92
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Li H, Kang J, Ding L, Lü F, Fang Y. A dansyl-based fluorescent film: Preparation and sensitive detection of nitroaromatics in aqueous phase. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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93
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Lazzara G, Milioto S, Muratore N. Solubilization of an Organic Solute in Aqueous Solutions of Unimeric Block Copolymers and Their Mixtures with Monomeric Surfactant: Volume, Surface Tension, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Viscosity, and Fluorescence Spectroscopy Studies. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:5616-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp712126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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94
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Liu J, Fang Y, Chen CL. Computer simulation study on the structural-optical related properties of a pyrene-functionalized fluorescent film. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:1853-1857. [PMID: 18205412 DOI: 10.1021/la701801a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to investigate the structural properties and the structure related optical properties of a pyrene-functionalized film and also the film in the presence of nitrobenzene. It has been shown that at equilibrium (1) the pyrene molecules of the film, of which the fluorophore molecules have been attached to a glass plate surface via relatively long flexible spacers, adopt quasi-coplanar structures; (2) the distance between a pair of pyrene rings populates from 4 A to longer than 10 A, but quite a large number of pyrene molecules populate within distances between 4 and 5 A, indicating that the fluorescence of the film should be characterized by both monomer emission and excimer emission; (3) introduction of nitrobenzene into the system results in a decrease of the population of pyrene molecules within the distances suitable for the formation of excimers, suggesting that excimer emission of the film would be decreased; and (4) the incoming nitrobenzene molecules insert themselves in between the previously formed coplanar structures of pyrene rings and form a complex with one of them. Considering that nitrobenzene is an electron-poor compound and nonfluorescent and that pyrene is an electron-rich one, it is expected that the formation of the complex must result in an excitation transfer from pyrene to nitrobenzene, provided that the distance between them and the orientations of them are reasonable. This indicates that the introduction of nitrobenzene not only decreases the number of excimers of pyrene but also quenches the monomer emission of the fluorophore. All the expectations from the simulation studies are basically consistent with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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95
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Investigation of common fluorophores for the detection of nitrated explosives by fluorescence quenching. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 610:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 12/31/2007] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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96
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Hughes A, Glenn I, Patrick A, Ellington A, Anslyn E. A Pattern Recognition Based Fluorescence Quenching Assay for the Detection and Identification of Nitrated Explosive Analytes. Chemistry 2008; 14:1822-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200701546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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97
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Wang J, Liu G, Wu H, Lin Y. Sensitive electrochemical immunoassay for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene based on functionalized silica nanoparticle labels. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 610:112-8. [PMID: 18267147 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 01/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We present a poly(guanine)-functionalized silica nanoparticle (NP) label-based electrochemical immunoassay for sensitively detecting 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). This immunoassay takes advantage of magnetic bead-based platform for competitive displacement immunoreactions and separation, and use electroactive nanoparticles as labels for signal amplification. For this assay, anti-TNT-coated magnetic beads interacted with TNT analog-conjugated poly(guanine)-silica NPs and formed analog-anti-TNT immunocomplexes on magnetic beads. The immunocomplexes coated magnetic beads were exposed to TNT samples, which resulted in displacing the analog conjugated poly(guanine) silica NPs into solution by TNT. In contrast, there are no guanine residues releasing into the solution in the absence of TNT. The reaction solution was then separated from the magnetic beads and transferred to the electrode surface for electrochemical measurements of guanine oxidation with Ru(bpy)3(2+) as mediator. The sensitivity of this TNT assay was greatly enhanced through dual signal amplifications: (1) a large amount of guanine residues on silica nanoparticles are introduced into the test solution by displacement immunoreactions and (2) a Ru(bpy)3(2+)-induced guanine catalytic oxidation further enhances the electrochemical signal. Some experimental parameters for the nanoparticle label-based electrochemical immunoassay were studied and the performance of this assay was evaluated. The method is found to be very sensitive and the detection limit of this assay is approximately 0.1 ng mL(-1) TNT. The electrochemical immunoassay based on the poly[guanine]-functionalized silica NP label offers a new approach for sensitive detection of explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, United States
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98
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Bishop SC, Lerch M, McCord BR. Detection of nitrated benzodiazepines by indirect laser-induced fluorescence detection on a microfluidic device. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1154:481-4. [PMID: 17499754 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recently there has been concern regarding the use of flunitrazepam and other low-dose benzodiazepines in drug-facilitated sexual assault. These compounds are placed in drinks of unsuspecting victims and produce a sedative effect with anterorgrade amnesia. Chip-based microfluidic systems can provide a quick and disposable procedure for the detection of flunitrazepam and other nitrated benzodiazepines used in these crimes. This paper describes the application of indirect quenching of cyanine dye (Cy5) for detection of nitrated benzodiazepines. The separation is performed on a microfluidic device with a separation channel 8 cm long and 50 microm wide and utilizes indirect fluorescence detection with 635 nm laser excitation. The optimization of the separation using micellar electrokinetic chromatography with organic modifiers is described. A borate buffer containing 2.6 microM Cy5 dye, 15 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and 20% methanol is used. Complete separation of four target drugs occurs in under 2 min with limits of detection in the low microg/ml range. Overall the method provides a rapid and simple analysis for the presence of nitrated benzodiazepines in beverages and other similar preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Bishop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, 136 Clippinger Laboratories, Athens, OH 45701, USA
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99
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Singh S. Sensors--an effective approach for the detection of explosives. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2007; 144:15-28. [PMID: 17379401 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Revised: 02/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The detection of explosives and explosive related illicit materials is an important area for preventing terrorist activities and for putting a check on their deleterious effects on health. A number of different methods, based on different principles, have been developed in the past for the detection of explosives. Sensors are one of those methods of detection which have capability to mimic the canine system and which are known to be the most reliable method of detection. The objective of this review is to provide comprehensive knowledge and information on the sensors operating on different transduction principles, ranging from electrochemical to immunosensors, being used for the detection of explosives as they pose a threat for both health and security of the nation. The review focuses mainly on the sensors developed in the recent 5 years and is prepared through summary of literature available on the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Singh
- Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, M. G Avenue, Durgapur, 713209 West Bengal, India.
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100
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Zhang HX, Chen Q, Wen R, Hu JS, Wan LJ. Effect of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons on Detection Sensitivity of Ultratrace Nitroaromatic Compounds. Anal Chem 2007; 79:2179-83. [PMID: 17269652 DOI: 10.1021/ac0618268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with different numbers of pi-electrons and geometric symmetry of pi-systems, including anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, triphenylene, perylene, benzo[ghi]perylene, and coronene, were chosen to modify glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) by self-assembling. The self-assembled monolayer of PAHs was investigated by STM and was used in the electrochemical detection of nitroaromatic compounds (NACs). The results indicate that PAH-modified GCE shows higher sensitivity to NACs than an unmodified one. Among the seven different PAHs, coronene-modified GCE exhibits the highest sensitivity to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene.
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