51
|
Hybrid immunoaffinity--mass spectrometric methods for efficient protein biomarker verification in pharmaceutical development. Bioanalysis 2011; 1:265-8. [PMID: 21083162 DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
52
|
Abstract
Peptides and proteins have been utilized as therapeutic agents for over 40 years. Traditional approaches to quantify these molecules in biological matrices have utilized immunoassay approaches that can be time inefficient, lack assay specificity and have limited analytical ranges. The advances in sample preparation technologies, chromatographic systems and their chemistries, mass spectrometers and their software over the last decade have meant that LC–MS/MS approaches to peptide and protein quantification are feasible and can overcome the problems associated with quantification by immunoassay. In this article we present an overview of the challenges and approaches to overcome them when performing quantitative bioanalysis of peptides and proteins by LC–MS/MS.
Collapse
|
53
|
Schultze AE, Main BW, Hall DG, Hoffman WP, Lee HYC, Ackermann BL, Pritt ML, Smith HW. A comparison of mortality and cardiac biomarker response between three outbred stocks of Sprague Dawley rats treated with isoproterenol. Toxicol Pathol 2011; 39:576-88. [PMID: 21467541 DOI: 10.1177/0192623311402219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors compared the mortality and cardiac biomarker responses in three outbred stocks of Sprague Dawley rats (CD/IGS, Sasco, Harlan) treated with isoproterenol hydrochloride. Cardiac injury was confirmed by histologic evaluation, and increases in cardiac troponin I concentration in serum were measured by two methods. CD/IGS rats had a higher incidence and earlier mortality compared with Sasco or Harlan rats. Harlan rats had lower severity scores for cardiomyocyte degeneration/necrosis compared with the other stocks. Post-isoproterenol treatment cardiac troponin I concentrations were greater in CD/IGS and Sasco rats compared with Harlan rats. Concentrations of cardiac troponin T followed a similar pattern to that of cardiac troponin I in rats treated with isoproterenol. Myosin, light chain 3 concentrations increased in all rats treated with isoproterenol, but there was no difference between the three stocks in the magnitude or pattern of the dose response. Increases in fatty acid binding protein 3 concentrations were detected in only the highest dose group at the earliest timepoint postdose for all three stocks of rats. Results of these studies illustrate the need for investigators to recognize the potential differences in response between stocks of Sprague Dawley rats treated with cardiotoxicants or novel chemical entities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Eric Schultze
- Department of Pathology, Lilly Research Laboratories, a Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46225, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
54
|
Absolute quantification of a therapeutic domain antibody using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and immunoassay. Bioanalysis 2011; 2:1597-608. [PMID: 21083288 DOI: 10.4155/bio.10.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domain antibodies (dAbs; ∼10-15 kDa) are made up of the variable heavy chain or the variable light chain of the antibody structure, and retain binding capability. dAbs have proved difficult to detect in plasma using immunoassay without specific antibodies raised against the dAb. RESULTS A sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method for the absolute quantification of a dAb in monkey plasma was developed (range: 1 to 500 ng/ml) without the need for a specific capture antibody. This method was used to analyze pharmacokinetic studies early on in drug development. Furthermore, an immunoassay was developed and the pharmacokinetic samples were reanalyzed. CONCLUSION The two assays show good correlation (r(2) = 0.92), giving confidence in using either method for quantification of the dAb.
Collapse
|
55
|
Aranibar N, Vassallo JD, Rathmacher J, Stryker S, Zhang Y, Dai J, Janovitz EB, Robertson D, Reily M, Lowe-Krentz L, Lehman-McKeeman L. Identification of 1- and 3-methylhistidine as biomarkers of skeletal muscle toxicity by nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic profiling. Anal Biochem 2010; 410:84-91. [PMID: 21094120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic profiling identified urinary 1- and 3-methylhistidine (1- and 3-MH) as potential biomarkers of skeletal muscle toxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats following 7 and 14 daily doses of 0.5 or 1mg/kg cerivastatin. These metabolites were highly correlated to sex-, dose- and time-dependent development of cerivastatin-induced myotoxicity. Subsequently, the distribution and concentration of 1- and 3-MH were quantified in 18 tissues by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The methylhistidine isomers were most abundant in skeletal muscle with no fiber or sex differences observed; however, 3-MH was also present in cardiac and smooth muscle. In a second study, rats receiving 14 daily doses of 1mg/kg cerivastatin (a myotoxic dose) had 6- and 2-fold elevations in 1- and 3-MH in urine and had 11- and 3-fold increases in 1- and 3-MH in serum, respectively. Selectivity of these potential biomarkers was tested by dosing rats with the cardiotoxicant isoproterenol (0.5mg/kg), and a 2-fold decrease in urinary 1- and 3-MH was observed and attributed to the anabolic effect on skeletal muscle. These findings indicate that 1- and 3-MH may be useful urine and serum biomarkers of drug-induced skeletal muscle toxicity and hypertrophy in the rat, and further investigation into their use and limitations is warranted.
Collapse
|
56
|
Xu Y, Mehl JT, Bakhtiar R, Woolf EJ. Immunoaffinity Purification Using Anti-PEG Antibody Followed by Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Quantification of a PEGylated Therapeutic Peptide in Human Plasma. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6877-86. [PMID: 20704377 DOI: 10.1021/ac1009832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regulated Bioanalysis, Merck Research Laboratories, WP75B-300, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - John T. Mehl
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regulated Bioanalysis, Merck Research Laboratories, WP75B-300, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Ray Bakhtiar
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regulated Bioanalysis, Merck Research Laboratories, WP75B-300, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| | - Eric J. Woolf
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Regulated Bioanalysis, Merck Research Laboratories, WP75B-300, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Callipo L, Caruso G, Foglia P, Gubbiotti R, Samperi R, Laganà A. Immunoprecipitation on magnetic beads and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for carbonic anhydrase II quantification in human serum. Anal Biochem 2010; 400:195-202. [PMID: 20123083 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2009] [Revised: 01/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a magnetic bead-based platform amenable to high-throughput protein carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) capture is presented. The key steps in this approach involved immunoaffinity purification of the target protein from serum followed by on-bead digestion with trypsin to release a surrogate peptide. This tryptic peptide was quantified by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) operating in multiple reaction monitoring acquisition mode. Using a synthetic peptide standard and a structural analogue free-labeled internal standard, the resulting concentration was stoichiometrically converted to CA II serum concentration. The analytical steps, such as preparation of immunobeads, protein capture, proteolysis, and calibration, were optimized. The method was validated in terms of recovery (77%), reproducibility (relative standard deviation [RSD]<12%), and method detection limit (0.5 pmol ml(-1)). The developed method was applied to determining the CA II in eight healthy subjects, and the concentration measured was 27.3 pmol ml(-1) (RSD = 65%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Callipo
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
58
|
An immunoaffinity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assay for the quantitation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in mouse serum. Anal Biochem 2010; 399:202-10. [PMID: 20060801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An immunoaffinity liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantitation of the zinc endopeptidase matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) from mouse serum. Sample preparation for the assay included magnetic bead-based enrichment using an MMP-9 antibody and was performed in a 96-well plate format using a liquid-handling robotic platform. The surrogate peptide GSPLQGPFLTAR derived from MMP-9 by trypsin digestion was monitored using an on-line capillary flow trap-release chromatography setup incorporating a series of trap columns (C18, strong cation exchange, and another C18) prior to nanoflow chromatography and nanospray ionization with selected reaction monitoring (SRM) detection. The assay was fit-for-purpose validated and found to be accurate (<15% interbatch relative error) and precise (<15% interbatch coefficient of variation) across a range from 0.03 to 7.3nM mouse MMP-9. Finally, the method was employed to measure MMP-9 concentrations in 30 naïve mouse serum samples, and results were compared with those obtained by an immunoassay.
Collapse
|
59
|
Evaluation of the usefulness of biomarkers for cardiac and skeletal myotoxicity in rats. Toxicology 2009; 266:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 10/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
60
|
Lu Q, Zheng X, McIntosh T, Davis H, Nemeth JF, Pendley C, Wu SL, Hancock WS. Development of different analysis platforms with LC-MS for pharmacokinetic studies of protein drugs. Anal Chem 2009; 81:8715-23. [PMID: 19788250 PMCID: PMC2788961 DOI: 10.1021/ac901991x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three different analysis platforms using LC-MS were successfully developed for pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of an antibody drug in serum. These analysis platforms can be selectively used for different types of protein drugs, which ranged from a very specific for a particular drug (antibody enrichment) to a less specific for any antibody drugs with an Fc domain (protein A enrichment), and to a very generic method that can be used for any protein drugs (albumin depletion method). In this manner, the three platforms will be applicable to a wide range of antibody therapeutic studies for different species. The analysis using an albumin depletion method (with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)) achieved the detection of the drug (to 1 ng) in an aliquot of serum (30 microL) with a 5-order magnitude of linearity. The analysis using protein A enrichment (with SDS-PAGE) achieved the detection of the drug at a 50-fold lower level (to 0.02 ng). Without the use of SDS-PAGE for separation, the use of protein A enrichment achieved the detection to 10 ng and using the antidrug antibody enrichment achieved the detection to 0.1 ng, with a similar linear dynamic range. These three analysis platforms produced good agreement with a mimic PK study of the drug in monkey serum, as compared to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) approach. In addition, these analysis platforms can be selectively applied for PK studies of drugs with different requirements of development time and resources. Such as, the antibody enrichment method can be used in a high-throughput manner but limited to a specific protein drug only. On the other hand, the albumin depletion method can be applied to many types of protein drugs but with the laborious sample preparation steps (SDS-PAGE and the subsequent in-gel digestion). When antidrug antibodies are not available for antibody drugs or the sensitivity requirement is not stringent (e.g., >10 ng), using protein A enrichment (without using SDS-PAGE) seems to be a good choice for PK studies which require fast throughput.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhen Lu
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Xiaoyang Zheng
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | | | | | | | | | - Shiaw-Lin Wu
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| | - William S. Hancock
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Young SA, Julka S, Bartley G, Gilbert JR, Wendelburg BM, Hung SC, Anderson WHK, Yokoyama WH. Quantification of the Sulfated Cholecystokinin CCK-8 in Hamster Plasma Using Immunoprecipitation Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:9120-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9018318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Young
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, BioAnalytical, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, and Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710
| | - Samir Julka
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, BioAnalytical, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, and Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710
| | - Glenn Bartley
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, BioAnalytical, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, and Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710
| | - Jeffrey R. Gilbert
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, BioAnalytical, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, and Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710
| | - Brian M. Wendelburg
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, BioAnalytical, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, and Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710
| | - Shao-Ching Hung
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, BioAnalytical, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, and Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710
| | - W. H. Kerr Anderson
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, BioAnalytical, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, and Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710
| | - Wallace H. Yokoyama
- The Dow Chemical Company, Analytical Sciences, BioAnalytical, 1897 Building, Midland, Michigan 48667, Dow AgroSciences, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, Indiana 46268, and Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, California 94710
| |
Collapse
|
62
|
Industrialized MS-based proteomics in the search for circulating biomarkers. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:1149-63. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteomics is the study of the expression, structure and function of proteins under a range of cellular conditions. A rapidly evolving component of this field is clinical proteomics, which focuses on proteins involved in human disease and how they are affected by therapeutic intervention. MS is the main analytical technology for identifying and quantifying proteins whose expression is modulated across the normal to disease continuum. Applying this technology to clinical samples, however, is particularly challenging due to high biological variability in the population, a variety of disease stages, nonuniform response to therapy, multiple concomitant treatments and special requirements for handling samples from clinical trials. Given these challenges, an ‘industrialized’ approach is best suited to clinical biomarker development, with its standard operating procedures, process control and ‘chain of custody’. This review will focus, therefore, on MS-based industrialized proteomics for the discovery and verification of circulating candidate clinical protein biomarkers.
Collapse
|
63
|
Recent progress in selected reaction monitoring MS-driven plasma protein biomarker analysis. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:847-55. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma proteome offers a wealth of opportunity to develop protein-based assays for diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Nonetheless, the unique properties of plasma, with its high dynamic range of protein concentrations and the vast complexity of protein species, present considerable analytical challenges. The continuing maturation of proteomic technologies, in particular biological MS instrumentation and immunoaffinity sample preparation strategies, is driving progress in the field. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM)-MS of peptides derived from plasma proteins is one such development that facilitates high-fidelity selection and quantitation with only minimal prior sample enrichment, while coupling targeted immunoaffinity enrichment prior to SRM-MS further enhances detection of less-abundant plasma proteins present in the subnanogram per millilitre concentration. This article reviews recent progress in the bioanalysis of plasma proteins driven by SRM-MS.
Collapse
|
64
|
Addona TA, Abbatiello SE, Schilling B, Skates SJ, Mani DR, Bunk DM, Spiegelman CH, Zimmerman LJ, Ham AJL, Keshishian H, Hall SC, Allen S, Blackman RK, Borchers CH, Buck C, Cardasis HL, Cusack MP, Dodder NG, Gibson BW, Held JM, Hiltke T, Jackson A, Johansen EB, Kinsinger CR, Li J, Mesri M, Neubert TA, Niles RK, Pulsipher TC, Ransohoff D, Rodriguez H, Rudnick PA, Smith D, Tabb DL, Tegeler TJ, Variyath AM, Vega-Montoto LJ, Wahlander A, Waldemarson S, Wang M, Whiteaker JR, Zhao L, Anderson NL, Fisher SJ, Liebler DC, Paulovich AG, Regnier FE, Tempst P, Carr SA. Multi-site assessment of the precision and reproducibility of multiple reaction monitoring-based measurements of proteins in plasma. Nat Biotechnol 2009; 27:633-41. [PMID: 19561596 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 828] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Verification of candidate biomarkers relies upon specific, quantitative assays optimized for selective detection of target proteins, and is increasingly viewed as a critical step in the discovery pipeline that bridges unbiased biomarker discovery to preclinical validation. Although individual laboratories have demonstrated that multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) coupled with isotope dilution mass spectrometry can quantify candidate protein biomarkers in plasma, reproducibility and transferability of these assays between laboratories have not been demonstrated. We describe a multilaboratory study to assess reproducibility, recovery, linear dynamic range and limits of detection and quantification of multiplexed, MRM-based assays, conducted by NCI-CPTAC. Using common materials and standardized protocols, we demonstrate that these assays can be highly reproducible within and across laboratories and instrument platforms, and are sensitive to low mug/ml protein concentrations in unfractionated plasma. We provide data and benchmarks against which individual laboratories can compare their performance and evaluate new technologies for biomarker verification in plasma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terri A Addona
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
65
|
The fundamental flaws of immunoassays and potential solutions using tandem mass spectrometry. J Immunol Methods 2009; 347:3-11. [PMID: 19538965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 392] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/21/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunoassays have made it possible to measure dozens of individual proteins and other analytes in human samples for help in establishing the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. In too many cases the results of those measurements are misleading and can lead to unnecessary treatment or missed opportunities for therapeutic interventions. These cases stem from problems inherent to immunoassays performed with human samples, which include a lack of concordance across platforms, autoantibodies, anti-reagent antibodies, and the high-dose hook effect. Tandem mass spectrometry may represent a detection method capable of alleviating many of the flaws inherent to immunoassays. We review our understanding of the problems associated with immunoassays on human specimens and describe methodologies using tandem mass spectrometry that could solve some of those problems. We also provide a critical discussion of the potential pitfalls of novel mass spectrometric approaches in the clinical laboratory.
Collapse
|
66
|
Siskos AP, Katsila T, Balafas E, Kostomitsopoulos N, Tamvakopoulos C. Simultaneous Absolute Quantification of the Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptides GIP1−42 and GIP3−42 in Mouse Plasma by LC/ESI-MS/MS: Preclinical Evaluation of DP-IV Inhibitors. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:3487-96. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900155h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros P. Siskos
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology and Centre of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Theodora Katsila
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology and Centre of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelos Balafas
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology and Centre of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology and Centre of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Constantin Tamvakopoulos
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology and Centre of Experimental Surgery, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Efesiou Street, Athens 11527, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
Yang Z, Ke J, Hayes M, Bryant M, Tse FL. A sensitive and high-throughput LC–MS/MS method for the quantification of pegylated-interferon-α2a in human serum using monolithic C18 solid phase extraction for enrichment. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:1737-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
68
|
Hunter JM, Paramithiotis E. Protein biomarker quantification by mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 4:11-20. [DOI: 10.1517/17530050902929214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
69
|
Berna M, Ackermann B. Increased Throughput for Low-Abundance Protein Biomarker Verification by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3950-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berna
- Eli Lilly and Company, Drug Disposition Biomarker Group, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285
| | - Bradley Ackermann
- Eli Lilly and Company, Drug Disposition Biomarker Group, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, 46285
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
Kuhn E, Addona T, Keshishian H, Burgess M, Mani DR, Lee RT, Sabatine MS, Gerszten RE, Carr SA. Developing multiplexed assays for troponin I and interleukin-33 in plasma by peptide immunoaffinity enrichment and targeted mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 2009; 55:1108-17. [PMID: 19372185 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2009.123935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein biomarker candidates from discovery proteomics must be quantitatively verified in patient samples before they can progress to clinical validation. Here we demonstrate that peptide immunoaffinity enrichment coupled with stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SISCAPA-MRM) can be used to configure assays with performance suitable for candidate biomarker verification. As proof of principle, we configured SISCAPA assays for troponin I (cTnI), an established biomarker of cardiac injury, and interleukin 33 (IL-33), an emerging immunological and cardiovascular marker for which robust immunoassays are currently not available. METHODS We configured individual and multiplexed assays in which peptides were enriched from digested human plasma using antipeptide antibodies. Assay performance was established using response curves for peptides and proteins spiked into normal plasma. We quantified proteins using labeled peptides as internal standards, and we measured levels of cTnI in patients who underwent a planned myocardial infarction for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. RESULTS Measurement of cTnI and IL-33 proteins from trypsin-digested plasma was linear from 1.5 to 5000 microg/L, with imprecision <13% for both proteins, processed individually or multiplexed. Results correlated well (R = 0.89) with a commercial immunoassay. CONCLUSIONS We used an established biomarker of cardiac injury and an emerging biomarker to demonstrate how SISCAPA can detect and quantify changes in concentration of proteins present at 1-10 microg/L in plasma. Our results demonstrate that these assays can be multiplexed and retain the necessary precision, reproducibility, and sensitivity to be applied to new and uncharacterized candidate biomarkers for verification of low-abundance proteins in blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kuhn
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
71
|
Ezan E, Dubois M, Becher F. Bioanalysis of recombinant proteins and antibodies by mass spectrometry. Analyst 2009; 134:825-34. [PMID: 19381370 DOI: 10.1039/b819706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, biotechnologically-derived drugs have been a major focus of research and development in the pharmaceutical industry. Their pharmacokinetics and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationships impact every stage of the development process and require their assessment in the circulation in preclinical species and in humans. To this end, immunoassays are a reference, but standardisation remains an issue owing to the restricted pattern of antibody specificity and interference with endogenous components. As an alternative, we report here analytical strategies involving liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for the accurate quantification of therapeutic proteins and antibodies in biological fluids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ezan
- CEA, IBITECS, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
72
|
Li N, Nemirovskiy OV, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Mo J, Ji C, Zhang B, Brayman TG, Lepsy C, Heath TG, Lai Y. Absolute quantification of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2008; 380:211-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
73
|
Li J, Ge J, Yin Y, Zhong W. Multiplexed affinity-based protein complex purification. Anal Chem 2008; 80:7068-74. [PMID: 18715017 DOI: 10.1021/ac801251y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Here we proved the principle of a multiplexed affinity-based protein complex purification (MAPcP) technique that targets simultaneous extraction of multiple protein complexes with superior purity. Microspheres of various sizes and coupled with different affinity probes extract several protein complexes concurrently and specifically. After the coextraction, flow-field flow fractionation (Fl-FFF) rapidly washes the microspheres as well as separates them based on their sizes to recover the clean individual complex for downstream analysis. Demonstration of the parallel extraction of two immuno-complexes from the yeast whole cell lysate showed that MAPcP can enhance the sample purity significantly compared to the traditional centrifugation and magnetic pull-down methods used for small scale protein purification. Simultaneous isolation of multiple protein complexes can facilitate the elucidation of the functional relationship among protein complexes and improve our understanding of the biological network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
74
|
Han B, Higgs RE. Proteomics: from hypothesis to quantitative assay on a single platform. Guidelines for developing MRM assays using ion trap mass spectrometers. BRIEFINGS IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 7:340-54. [PMID: 18579614 DOI: 10.1093/bfgp/eln032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput HPLC-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) is routinely used to profile biological samples for potential protein markers of disease, drug efficacy and toxicity. The discovery technology has advanced to the point where translating hypotheses from proteomic profiling studies into clinical use is the bottleneck to realizing the full potential of these approaches. The first step in this translation is the development and analytical validation of a higher throughput assay with improved sensitivity and selectivity relative to typical profiling assays. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assays are an attractive approach for this stage of biomarker development given their improved sensitivity and specificity, the speed at which the assays can be developed and the quantitative nature of the assay. While the profiling assays are performed with ion trap mass spectrometers, MRM assays are traditionally developed in quadrupole-based mass spectrometers. Development of MRM assays from the same instrument used in the profiling analysis enables a seamless and rapid transition from hypothesis generation to validation. This report provides guidelines for rapidly developing an MRM assay using the same mass spectrometry platform used for profiling experiments (typically ion traps) and reviews methodological and analytical validation considerations. The analytical validation guidelines presented are drawn from existing practices on immunological assays and are applicable to any mass spectrometry platform technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bomie Han
- Lilly Corporate Center, Drop Code GL54, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
75
|
Nicol GR, Han M, Kim J, Birse CE, Brand E, Nguyen A, Mesri M, FitzHugh W, Kaminker P, Moore PA, Ruben SM, He T. Use of an immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry-based approach for the quantification of protein biomarkers from serum samples of lung cancer patients. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008; 7:1974-82. [PMID: 18388126 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m700476-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is a challenging task to verify and quantify potential biomarkers expressed at elevated levels in sera from cancer patients. An immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry-based approach has been developed using antibodies to enrich proteins of interest from sera followed by mass spectrometry-based quantification. Antibodies specific to the protein of interest were immobilized to hydrazide resin via the carbohydrate moiety on the Fc region of the antibody. Captured proteins were eluted, reduced, alkylated, and digested with trypsin. Peptides were analyzed by LC coupled with multiple reaction monitoring approach, and quantification was achieved by the addition of stable isotope-labeled (heavy) standard peptides. Using this methodology, we were able to achieve a linear response from 15 to 250 ng/ml for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a known tumor biomarker. Moreover we observed elevated levels of CEA in sera samples from lung cancer patients that to our knowledge is the first time that circulating CEA has been detected by mass spectrometry-based analysis. This approach was further applied to potential protein biomarkers discovered from tumor cell lines and tumor tissues. A linear response was obtained from a multiplex spiking experiment in normal human sera for secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor (4-500 ng/ml), tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) (42-1000 ng/ml), tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 (TFPI2) (2-250 ng/ml), and metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1) (430-1000 ng/ml). A replicate experiment for a single concentration value yielded a relative coefficient of variation better than 11% for TFPI, secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor, and TFPI2. The expression level of the proteins in lung cancer patient sera was assayed by an immunoaffinity-multiple reaction monitoring method, and the results were comparable with those obtained from ELISA. This immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry-based quantification approach thus provides a specific and accurate assay for verifying the expression of potential biomarkers in patient serum samples especially for those proteins for which the necessary reagents for ELISA development are unavailable.
Collapse
|
76
|
Dubois M, Fenaille F, Clement G, Lechmann M, Tabet JC, Ezan E, Becher F. Immunopurification and Mass Spectrometric Quantification of the Active Form of a Chimeric Therapeutic Antibody in Human Serum. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1737-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac7021234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Dubois
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, INRA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, 85567 Grafing, Germany, and Laboratoire de Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS UMR 7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - François Fenaille
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, INRA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, 85567 Grafing, Germany, and Laboratoire de Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS UMR 7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Gilles Clement
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, INRA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, 85567 Grafing, Germany, and Laboratoire de Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS UMR 7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Martin Lechmann
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, INRA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, 85567 Grafing, Germany, and Laboratoire de Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS UMR 7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, INRA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, 85567 Grafing, Germany, and Laboratoire de Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS UMR 7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Eric Ezan
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, INRA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, 85567 Grafing, Germany, and Laboratoire de Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS UMR 7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - François Becher
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, INRA, Laboratoire d'Immuno-Allergie Alimentaire, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France, Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetic, Merck KGaA, Merck Serono, 85567 Grafing, Germany, and Laboratoire de Synthèse, Structure et Fonction de Molécules Bioactives, CNRS UMR 7613, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Kulasingam V, Smith CR, Batruch I, Buckler A, Jeffery DA, Diamandis EP. "Product ion monitoring" assay for prostate-specific antigen in serum using a linear ion-trap. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:640-7. [PMID: 18186600 DOI: 10.1021/pr7005999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While numerous strategies exist for biomarker discovery, the bottleneck to product development and routine use at the clinic is in the verification phase of candidate biomarkers. The aim of this study was to establish a robust and high-throughput product ion monitoring (PIM) assay that is potentially capable of rapidly verifying candidates from discovery phase experiments. Using prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a model biomarker, and a routinely used mass spectrometer for discovery platforms, an ion trap (LTQ, Thermo), the utility of this instrument to perform PIM was explored. The proteotypic doubly charged intact peptide LSEPAELTDAVK ( m/ z 637) fragmenting to m/ z 943 (PAELTDAVK) was monitored. A limit of detection of 10 attomoles with a coefficient of variation (CV) of <20% was obtained for a purified recombinant PSA digest. Immunoextraction of endogenous PSA from serum using a monoclonal antibody on a 96-well microtiter plate, followed by PIM on the LTQ, enabled quantification of PSA down to less than 1 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.1 ng/mL and CVs < 20%. Mascot searching and ion ratio confirmation further supported the conclusion that the quantified moiety in serum was the PSA peptide. We conclude that this methodology could be adapted quickly and easily to other candidates, thus providing a much needed technology to bridge the gap between discovery and validation platforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vathany Kulasingam
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
78
|
Berna M, Ott L, Engle S, Watson D, Solter P, Ackermann B. Quantification of NTproBNP in rat serum using immunoprecipitation and LC/MS/MS: a biomarker of drug-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Anal Chem 2008; 80:561-6. [PMID: 18179251 DOI: 10.1021/ac702311m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and N-terminal proBNP (NTproBNP) are well established in the clinic as biomarkers of heart failure. BNP hormone and the inactive NTproBNP are predominantly secreted in the ventricles of the heart in response to pressure overload and, consequently, are being investigated as markers of drug-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rat to support drug development. In the work presented here, an immunoaffinity-based LC/MS/MS assay was developed and validated to measure a selective tryptic fragment of NTproBNP in rat serum. The assay covers the range of 13-329 pg/mL of the tryptic fragment LLELIR, corresponding to 0.1-2.5 ng/mL intact NTproBNP. A stable isotope-labeled version of NTproBNP containing the tryptic fragment LLELI[13C615N1]R was prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis and was used as an internal standard to minimize assay variability. Due to endogenous NTproBNP present in rat serum, human serum was used as the control matrix, and parallelism between rat and human serum was established by standard addition. Assay accuracy (% RE) and precision (% CV) were measured at three concentrations on each of 4 days and did not exceed 4.2 and 14.5%, respectively. Additionally, study data are presented from the application of this assay in which rats demonstrated a significant increase in NTproBNP serum concentration following administration of an agent known to induce cardiac hypertrophy. In this study, the relationship between serum NTproBNP and cardiac hypertrophy was corroborated by increases in heart weight and magnetic resonance imaging of the test subjects' left ventricle. To our knowledge, this represents the first reported assay for NTproBNP in preclinical species for the assessment of cardiac hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berna
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Greenfield, Indiana 46140, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
79
|
Ackermann BL, Berna MJ, Eckstein JA, Ott LW, Chaudhary AK. Current applications of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in pharmaceutical discovery after a decade of innovation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2008; 1:357-396. [PMID: 20636083 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Current drug discovery involves a highly iterative process pertaining to three core disciplines: biology, chemistry, and drug disposition. For most pharmaceutical companies the path to a drug candidate comprises similar stages: target identification, biological screening, lead generation, lead optimization, and candidate selection. Over the past decade, the overall efficiency of drug discovery has been greatly improved by a single instrumental technique, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Transformed by the commercial introduction of the atmospheric pressure ionization interface in the mid-1990s, LC/MS has expanded into almost every area of drug discovery. In many cases, drug discovery workflow has been changed owing to vastly improved efficiency. This review examines recent trends for these three core disciplines and presents seminal examples where LC/MS has altered the current approach to drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley L Ackermann
- Eli Lilly and Company, Greenfield Laboratories, Greenfield, Indiana 46140, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|