51
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Liao JZ, Zhu ZC, Liu ST, Ke H. Photothermal Conversion Perylene-Based Metal-Organic Framework with Panchromatic Absorption Bandwidth across the Visible to Near-Infrared. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:3327-3334. [PMID: 38315152 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Recently, facilely designable metal-organic frameworks have gained attention in the construction of photothermal conversion materials. Nonetheless, most of the previously reported photothermal conversion metal-organic frameworks exhibit limited light absorption capabilities. In this work, a distinctive metal-organic framework with heterogeneous periodic alternate spatial arrangements of metal-oxygen clusters and perylene-based derivative molecules was prepared by in situ synthesis. The building blocks in this inimitable structure behave as both electron donors and electron acceptors, giving rise to the significant inherent charge transfer in this crystalline material, resulting in a narrow band gap with excellent panchromatic absorption, with the ground state being the charge transfer state. Moreover, it can retain excellent air-, photo-, and water-stability in the solid state. The excellent stability and broad light absorption characteristics enable the effective realization of near-infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion, including infrequent NIR-II photothermal conversion, in this perylene-based metal-organic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Zhen Liao
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337055, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Chen Zhu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337055, P. R. China
| | - Su-Ting Liu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337055, P. R. China
| | - Hua Ke
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi 337055, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, P. R. China
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52
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Vardanyan A, Argüello Cordero MA, Lochbrunner S, Villinger A, Ehlers P, Langer P. Synthesis and Properties of 4- and 10-Benzoyl-1-azapyrenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:2155-2168. [PMID: 38296620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
A series of 4- and 10-benzoyl-1-azapyrenes were prepared by a combination of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and Brønsted-acid-mediated alkyne-carbonyl-metathesis (ACM). The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the products were studied and compared to theoretical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpine Vardanyan
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Miguel A Argüello Cordero
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Stefan Lochbrunner
- Institute for Physics and Department of Life, Light and Matter, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 23-25, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Ehlers
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institute for Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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53
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Megha, Kaur P, Singh K. Imidazole-based solid-state fluorescence switch: Stimuli-responsive emission, mechanochromism and acidochromism. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 307:123649. [PMID: 37980832 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli modulated fluorescence properties of imidazole-based molecular probe (E)-2-(5,5-dimethyl-3-(4-(1,4,5-triphenyl-1H-imidazole-2-yl)styryl)cyclohex-2-en-1- ylidene)malononitrile (Ph-ISO) in the solid state is presented. Not only did the probe display aggregation induced emission (AIE) activity with intense solid-state fluorescence emission, but also exhibited several repetitive cycles of reversible mechanochromism as well as acidochromism. The solid-state emission is ascribed to the intermolecular interactions in the highly twisted conformation of Ph-ISOviamultiple C-H---N and C-H---π interactions as confirmed by the single crystal X-ray analysis. The applied mechanical stress in the form of grinding results in the transformation of crystalline state to the amorphous state with a red shifted emission band attributed to attaining more planar conformation vs twisted conformation, with extended molecular conjugation. While reversible mechanochromism makes the probe suitable for rewritable papers, the switchable acidochromism is useful for theon-sitemonitoring of pH differences in biological and environmental media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India
| | - Paramjit Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India.
| | - Kamaljit Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Centre of Advanced Study, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, India.
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54
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Okba A, Simón Marqués P, Matsuo K, Aratani N, Yamada H, Rapenne G, Kammerer C. Synthesis of π-conjugated polycyclic compounds by late-stage extrusion of chalcogen fragments. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:287-305. [PMID: 38379731 PMCID: PMC10877077 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The "precursor approach" has proved particularly valuable for the preparation of insoluble and unstable π-conjugated polycyclic compounds (π-CPCs), which cannot be synthesized via in-solution organic chemistry, for their improved processing, as well as for their electronic investigation both at the material and single-molecule scales. This method relies on the synthesis and processing of soluble and stable direct precursors of the target π-CPCs, followed by their final conversion in situ, triggered by thermal activation, photoirradiation or redox control. Beside well-established reactions involving the elimination of carbon-based small molecules, i.e., retro-Diels-Alder and decarbonylation processes, the late-stage extrusion of chalcogen fragments has emerged as a highly promising synthetic tool to access a wider variety of π-conjugated polycyclic structures and thus to expand the potentialities of the "precursor approach" for further improvements of molecular materials' performances. This review gives an overview of synthetic strategies towards π-CPCs involving the ultimate elimination of chalcogen fragments upon thermal activation, photoirradiation and electron exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aissam Okba
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Pablo Simón Marqués
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Kyohei Matsuo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Gwénaël Rapenne
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, NAIST, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Claire Kammerer
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 29 rue Marvig, F-31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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55
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Wu ZG, Xin Y, Lu C, Huang W, Xu H, Liang X, Cao X, Li C, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Duan L. Precise Regulation of Multiple Resonance Distribution Regions of a B,N-Embedded Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon to Customize Its BT2020 Green Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318742. [PMID: 38153344 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, boron (B)/nitrogen (N)-embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), characterized by multiple resonances (MR), have attracted significant attention owing to their remarkable features of efficient narrowband emissions with small full width at half maxima (FWHMs). However, developing ultra-narrowband pure-green emitters that comply with the Broadcast Service Television 2020 (BT2020) standard remains challenging. Precise regulation of the MR distribution regions allows simultaneously achieving the emission maximum, FWHM value, and spectral shape that satisfy the BT2020 standard. The proof-of-concept molecule TPABO-DICz exhibited ultrapure green emission with a dominant peak at 515 nm, an extremely small FWHM of 17 nm, and Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.17, 0.76). The corresponding bottom-emitting organic light-emitting diode (OLED) exhibited a remarkably high CIEy value (0.74) and maximum external quantum efficiency (25.8 %). Notably, the top-emitting OLED achieved nearly BT2020 green color (CIE: 0.14, 0.79) and exhibited a state-of-the-art maximum current efficiency of 226.4 cd A-1 , thus fully confirming the effectiveness of the above strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Guang Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Xin
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Chaowu Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Weichun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Xu
- Jiangsu Sunera Technology Co., Ltd, 214112, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Jiangsu Sunera Technology Co., Ltd, 214112, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Cao
- Jiangsu Sunera Technology Co., Ltd, 214112, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Chong Li
- Jiangsu Sunera Technology Co., Ltd, 214112, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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56
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Sumida A, Onishi T, Imoto H, Naka K. Synthesis, structures, and photophysical properties of π-extended arsaborins. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1706-1713. [PMID: 38168688 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03798c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, various (hetero)arene-fused arsaborins were synthesized. All the synthesized arsaborins were stable under ambient conditions and allowed for the chemical modification of the lone pair of the arsenic atom. Experimental and computational studies revealed that these compounds possessed planar structures and weak anti-aromatic properties. Fluorescence with large Stokes shifts was observed due to drastic structural relaxation at 298 K, whereas intense phosphorescence due to the heavy-atom effect of arsenic was observed at 77 K. Furthermore, a thiophene-fused derivative demonstrated a temperature-dependent emission color change in the solid state, attributable to the gradual alteration in the ratio of monomer fluorescence, excimer fluorescence, and phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Sumida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Tomoharu Onishi
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Imoto
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
- FOREST, JST, Honcho 4-1-8, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan.
- Materials Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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57
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Zhang K, Hao M, Jin T, Shi Y, Tian G, Li C, Ma H, Zhang N, Li Q, Chen P. Synthesis of π-Conjugated Chiral Aza/Boracyclophanes with a meta and para Substitution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302950. [PMID: 37950682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe the synthesis of a new class of axially chiral aza/boracyclophanes (BDN1, BXN1, BDB1 and BXB1) using binaphthyls as chiral building blocks and the main-group (B/N) chemistry with tunable electronic effects. All macrocycles substituted with triarylamine donors or triarylborane acceptors are strongly luminescent. These macrocycles showed two distinct meta and para π-conjugation pathways, leading to the formation of quasi figure-of-eight and square-shaped conformations. Interestingly, comparison of such structural models revealed that the former type of macrocycles BXN1 and BXB1 gave higher racemization barriers relative to the other ones. The results reported here may provide a new approach to engineer the optical stability of π-conjugated chiral macrocycles by controlling π-substitution patterns. The ring constraints induced by macrocyclization were also demonstrated to contribute to the configurational persistence as compared with the open-chain analogues p-BTT and m-BTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Mengyao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
- Program in General Education, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Tianyun Jin
- Center of Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego La Jolla, 92093, USA
| | - Yafei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Guoqing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Niu Zhang
- Analysis & Testing Centre, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Quansong Li
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology of China, Beijing, 102488, China
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58
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Liang L, Qu C, Fan X, Ye K, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Duan L, Wang Y. Carbonyl- and Nitrogen-Embedded Multi-Resonance Emitter with Ultra-Pure Green Emission and High Electroluminescence Efficiencies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316710. [PMID: 38061992 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) emitters with narrow emission spectra have garnered significant attention in future organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays. However, current C=O/N-embedded MR-TADF systems still lack satisfactory performance in terms of electroluminescence bandwidths and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs). In this study, a C=O/N-embedded green MR-TADF emitter, featuring two acridone units incorporated in a sterically protected 11-ring fused core skeleton, is successfully synthesized through finely controlling the reaction selectivity. The superior combination of multiple intramolecular fusion and steric wrapping strategies in the design of the emitter not only imparts an extremely narrow emission spectrum and a high fluorescence quantum yield to the emitter but also mitigates aggregation-induced spectral broadening and fluorescence quenching. Therefore, the emitter exhibits leading green OLED performance among C=O/N-based MR-TADF systems, achieving an EQE of up to 37.2 %, a full width at half maximum of merely 0.11 eV (24 nm), and a Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinate of (0.20, 0.73). This study marks a significant advance in the realization of ideal C=O/N-based MR-TADF emitters and holds profound implications for the design and synthesis of other MR-TADF systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuewei Zhang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zuolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lian Duan
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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59
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Li Y, He L, Qin H, Liu Y, Yang B, Xu Z, Yang D. A Facile Ugi/Ullmann Cascade Reaction to Access Fused Indazolo-Quinoxaline Derivatives with Potent Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:464. [PMID: 38257377 PMCID: PMC10820152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A facile methodology for the construction of a complex heterocycle indazolo-fused quinoxalinone has been developed via an Ugi four-component reaction (U-4CR) followed by an intramolecular Ullmann reaction. The expeditious process features an operationally simple approach, time efficiency, and a broad substrate scope. Biological activity was evaluated and demonstrated that compound 6e inhibits human colon cancer cell HCT116 proliferation with an IC50 of 2.1 μM, suggesting potential applications for developing a drug lead in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liujun He
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Hongxia Qin
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Yao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Binxin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zhigang Xu
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Donglin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Targeted and Innovative Therapeutics, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
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60
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Sun Z, Xu W, Qiu S, Ma Z, Li C, Zhang S, Wang H. Thia[ n]helicenes with long persistent phosphorescence. Chem Sci 2024; 15:1077-1087. [PMID: 38239689 PMCID: PMC10793212 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05480b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Helicenes with persistent luminescence have received relatively little attention, despite their demonstrated highly efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) from the excited singlet to the triplet state. Herein, we designed a series of ortho-fused aromatics by combining dithieno[2,3-b:3',2'-d]thiophene (DTT) with annulated benzene fragments, denoted as TB[n]H (n = 3-8), to achieve persistent luminescence. Wherein, thia[n]helicenes (n = 5-8) exhibited intense phosphorescence with millisecond-range lifetimes (τp) at 77 K. Particularly interesting was the observation that the odd-numbered ring helicenes displayed longer τp values than their neighboring even-numbered counterparts. Notably, TB[7]H showcased the longest τp of 628 ms. This phenomenon can be attributed to the more favorable ISC channels and stronger spin-orbital coupling (SOC) of old-numbered helicenes than even-numbered ones. Furthermore, both conformers of TB[7]H exhibited significant circularly polarized phosphorescent (CPP) responses, with luminescence dissymmetry factors (glum) of 0.015 and -0.014. These discoveries suggest that thiahelicenes may be a specific class of organic phosphorescent and CPP materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Sun
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Wan Xu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Zhiying Ma
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Chunli Li
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
| | - Hua Wang
- Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering, Henan University Kaifeng 475004 Henan China
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61
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Li G, Xu K, Zheng J, Fang X, Lou W, Zhan F, Deng C, Yang YF, Zhang Q, She Y. High-Performance Ultraviolet Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Enabled by Double Boron-Oxygen-Embedded Benzo[ m]tetraphene Emitters. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1667-1680. [PMID: 38175122 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ultraviolet organic light-emitting diodes (UV OLEDs) have attracted increasing attention because of their promising applications in healthcare, industry, and agriculture; however, their development has been hindered by the shortage of robust UV emitters. Herein, we embedded double boron-oxygen units into nonlinear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (BO-PAHs) to regulate their molecular configurations and excited-state properties, enabling novel bent BO-biphenyl (BO-bPh) and helical BO-naphthyl (BO-Nap) emitters with hybridized local and charge-transfer (HLCT) characteristics. They could be facilely synthesized in gram-scale amounts via a highly efficient two-step route. BO-bPh and BO-Nap showed strong UV and violet-blue photoluminescence in toluene with full width at half-maximum values of 25 and 37 nm, along with quantum efficiencies of 98 and 99%, respectively. A BO-bPh-based OLED showed high color purity UV electroluminescence peaking at 394 nm with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.166, 0.021). Moreover, the device demonstrated a record-high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.3%, achieved by successful hot exciton utilization. This work demonstrates the promising potential of double BO-PAHs as robust emitters for future UV OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Kewei Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zheng
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Lou
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhan
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qisheng Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green-Chemical Synthesis Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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62
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Wang FF, Wang YX, Wu Q, Chai L, Chen XW, Tan YZ. Nanographene with a Nitrogen-Doped Cavity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315302. [PMID: 38009464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped cavities are pervasive in graphenic materials, and represent key sites for catalytic and electrochemical activity. However, their structures are generally heterogeneous. In this study, we present the synthesis of a well-defined molecular cutout of graphene featuring N-doped cavity. The graphitization of a macrocyclic pyridinic precursor was achieved through photochemical cyclodehydrochlorination. In comparison to its counterpart with pyridinic nitrogen at the edges, the pyridinic nitrogen atoms in this nanographene cavity exhibit significantly reduced basicity and selective binding to Ag+ ion. Analysis of the protonation and coordination equilibria revealed that the tri-N-doped cavity binds three protons, but only one Ag+ ion. These distinct protonation and coordination behaviors clearly illustrate the space confinement effect imparted by the cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ling Chai
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xuan-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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63
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Khalid MI, Salem MSH, Takizawa S. Synthesis and Structural and Optical Behavior of Dehydrohelicene-Containing Polycyclic Compounds. Molecules 2024; 29:296. [PMID: 38257209 PMCID: PMC10819569 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Dehydrohelicene-based molecules stand out as highly promising scaffolds and captivating chiroptical materials, characterized by their unique chirality. Their quasi-helical π-conjugated molecular architecture, featuring successively ortho-annulated aromatic rings, endows them with remarkable thermal stability and optical properties. Over the past decade, diverse approaches have emerged for synthesizing these scaffolds, reinvigorating this field, with anticipated increased attention in the coming years. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of dehydrohelicene chemistry since the pioneering work of Zander and Franke in 1969 and highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of various molecules incorporating dehydrohelicene motifs. We elucidate the intriguing structural features and optical merits of these molecules, occasionally drawing comparisons with their helicene or circulene analogs to underscore the significance of the bond between the helical termini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Imrul Khalid
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Mohamed S. H. Salem
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (M.I.K.); (M.S.H.S.)
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64
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Mathius MA, Chhoeun JM, Kaufman RH, AbuSalim DI, Lash TD. Linear Extension of Carbaporphyrin Chromophores: Synthesis, Protonation, and Metalation of Anthro[2,3- b]carbaporphyrins: Evidence for 30π-Electron Aromatic Circuits in a Palladium(II) Complex. J Org Chem 2024; 89:124-140. [PMID: 38110335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed condensation of a naphtho[2,3-f]indane dialdehyde with a tripyrrane, followed by an oxidation step, afforded an anthro[2,3-b]-21-carbaporphyrin. The presence of a fused anthracene unit induced minor bathochromic shifts and did not significantly affect the aromatic characteristics of the carbaporphyrin core. Protonation led to the formation of a monocation with similar diatropic properties, but the dication generated in the presence of a large excess of trifluoroacetic acid had a weakened Soret band absorption and a broad absorption at 754 nm. Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations indicate that the dication is only weakly aromatic and possesses a 32-atom 30π electron delocalization pathway. Alkylation with methyl iodide and potassium carbonate gave a 22-methyl derivative that reacted with palladium(II) acetate to afford an aromatic palladium(II) complex. Upon heating, the methyl group migrated from the nitrogen to the internal carbon atom and the resulting complex exhibited diminished aromatic character. A comparison with related carbaporphyrin complexes without ring fusion or with benzo- or naphtho-fused units demonstrated that the diatropic character decreased with increasing conjugation. NICS calculations and anisotropy of induced current density (AICD) plots confirmed this trend and showed that the remaining aromatic properties of the anthrocarbaporphyrin complex were due to a 30π electron circuit that extends around the entire anthracene unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Mathius
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Justin M Chhoeun
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Riley H Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Deyaa I AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
| | - Timothy D Lash
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790-4160, United States
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65
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Wang C, Xu L, Rao Y, Yin B, Zhou M, Song J, Osuka A. Di(p-dibenzi)[40]decaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) Pd II Complex: A Weakly Hückel 38π-Aromatic Macrocycle. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300923. [PMID: 37985417 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Di(p-benzi)[40]decaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) BF2 complex and tris(p-benzi)[60]pentadecaphyrin(1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0.1.0.0.0.0) BF2 complex were synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of α,α'-diborylated tetrapyrrole BF2 -complex with 1,4-diiodobenzene. Bis-BF2 complex was converted to bis-PdII complex via its free base. Macrocycles bis-BF2 and tris-BF2 complex take Möbius topology but are nonaromatic, since the macrocyclic conjugation is disrupted by the locally aromatic 1,4-phenylene units. In contrast, bis-PdII complex is a weakly Hückel 38π-aromatic macrocycle as evinced by its red-shifted, enhanced, and structured Q-like bands and a small electrochemical HOMO-LUMO gap. Interestingly, one 1,4-pheylene part of bis-PdII complex takes a quinonoidal distorted structure and the other takes a usual benzene structure in a figure-eight conformation with Hückel topology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Educational of China, Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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66
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Sadowski B, Gryko DT. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione - (still) a mysterious cross-conjugated chromophore. Chem Sci 2023; 14:14020-14038. [PMID: 38098709 PMCID: PMC10718078 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05272a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipyrrolonaphthyridinediones (DPNDs) entered the chemical world in 2016. This cross-conjugated donor-acceptor skeleton can be prepared in two steps from commercially available reagents in overall yield ≈15-20% (5 mmol scale). DPNDs can be easily and regioselectively halogenated which opens an avenue to numerous derivatives as well as to π-expansion. Although certain synthetic limitations exist, the current derivatization possibilities provided impetus for numerous explorations that use DPNDs. Structural modifications enable bathochromic shift of the emission to deep-red region and reaching the optical brightness 30 000 M-1 cm-1. Intense absorption and strong emission of greenish-yellow light attracted the interest which eventually led to the discovery of their strong two-photon absorption, singlet fission in the crystalline phase and triplet sensitization. Dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione-based twistacenes broadened our knowledge on the influence of twisting angle on the fate of the molecule in the excited state. Collectively, these findings highlight the compatibility of DPNDs with various applications within organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw S. Banacha 2c 02-097 Warsaw Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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67
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Zhao F, Liao G, Liu M, Wang T, Zhao Y, Xu J, Yin X. Precise Preparation of Triarylboron-Based Graphdiyne Analogues for Gas Separation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202317294. [PMID: 38087842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A series of triarylboron-based graphdiyne analogues (TAB-GDYs) with tunable pore size were prepared through copper mediated coupling reaction. The elemental composition, chemical bond, morphology of TAB-GDYs were well characterized. The crystallinity was confirmed by selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and stacking modes were studied in combination with high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and structure simulation. The absorption and desorption isotherm revealed relatively high specific surface area of these TAB-GDYs up to 788 m2 g-1 for TMTAB-GDY, which decreased as pore size enlarged. TAB-GDYs exhibit certain selectivity for CO2 /N2 (21.9), CO2 /CH4 (5.3), CO2 /H2 (41.8) and C2 H2 /CO2 (2.3). This work has developed a series of boron containing two-dimensional frameworks with clear structures and good stability, and their tunable pore sizes have laid the foundation for future applications in the gas separation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenggui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guanming Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Meiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 266042, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 102488, Beijing, P. R. China
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68
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Jeong S, Park E, Kim J, Park SB, Kim SH, Choe W, Kim J, Park YS. Increasing Chemical Diversity of B 2 N 2 Anthracene Derivatives by Introducing Continuous Multiple Boron-Nitrogen Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202314148. [PMID: 37874975 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the chemical diversity of organic semiconductors is essential to develop efficient electronic devices. In particular, the replacement of carbon-carbon (C-C) bonds with isoelectronic boron-nitrogen (B-N) bonds allows precise modulation of the electronic properties of semiconductors without significant structural changes. Although some researchers have reported the preparation of B2 N2 anthracene derivatives with two B-N bonds, no compounds with continuous multiple BN units have been prepared yet. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a B2 N2 anthracene derivative with a BNBN unit formed by converting the BOBN unit at the zigzag edge. Compared to the all-carbon analogue 2-phenylanthracene, BNBN anthracene exhibits significant variations in the C-C bond length and a larger highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap. The experimentally determined bond lengths and electronic properties of BNBN anthracene are confirmed through theoretical calculations. The BOBN anthracene organic light-emitting diode, used as a blue host, exhibits a low driving voltage. The findings of this study may facilitate the development of larger acenes with multiple BN units and potential applications in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwa Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunji Park
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Bae Park
- R&D Center, SFC, 89, Gwahaksaneop 5-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28122, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kim
- R&D Center, SFC, 89, Gwahaksaneop 5-ro, Cheongju-si, Chungbuk, 28122, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
| | - Joonghan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Young S Park
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50, UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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69
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Cai Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Pan X, Andersson MR, Wang P. A Homopolymer of Xanthenoxanthene-Based Polycyclic Heteroaromatic for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315814. [PMID: 38061995 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient perovskite solar cells typically rely on spiro-OMeTAD as a hole transporter, achieving a 25.7 % efficiency record. However, these cells are susceptible to harsh 85 °C conditions. Here, we present a peri-xanthenoxanthene-based semiconducting homopolymer (p-TNI2) with matched energy levels and a high molecular weight, synthesized nearly quantitatively through facile oxidative polymerization. Compared to established materials, p-TNI2 excels in hole mobility, morphology, modulus, and waterproofing. Implementing p-TNI2 as the hole transport layer results in n-i-p perovskite solar cells with an initial average efficiency of 24.6 %, rivaling 24.4 % for the spiro-OMeTAD control cells under identical conditions. Furthermore, the p-TNI2-based cells exhibit enhanced thermostability at 85 °C and operational robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xun Pan
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Mats R Andersson
- Flinders Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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70
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Sanil G, Krzeszewski M, Chaładaj W, Danikiewicz W, Knysh I, Dobrzycki Ł, Staszewska-Krajewska O, Cyrański MK, Jacquemin D, Gryko DT. Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Aryl Shift and Double Alkyne Benzannulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311123. [PMID: 37823245 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The tandem intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes accompanied by a 1,2-aryl shift is described. Harnessing the unique electron-rich character of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole scaffold, we demonstrate that the hydroarylation of alkynes proceeds at the already occupied positions 2 and 5 leading to a 1,2-aryl shift. Remarkably, the reaction proceeds only in the presence of cationic gold catalyst, and it leads to heretofore unknown π-expanded, centrosymmetric pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles. The utility is verified in the preparation of 13 products that bear six conjugated rings. The observed compatibility with various functional groups allows for increased tunability with regard to the photophysical properties as well as providing sites for further functionalization. Computational studies of the reaction mechanism revealed that the formation of the six-membered rings accompanied with a 1,2-aryl shift is both kinetically and thermodynamically favourable over plausible formation of products containing 7-membered rings. Steady-state UV/Visible spectroscopy reveals that upon photoexcitation, the prepared S-shaped N-doped nanographenes undergo mostly radiative relaxation leading to large fluorescence quantum yields. Their optical properties are rationalized through time-dependent density functional theory calculations. We anticipate that this chemistry will empower the creation of new materials with various functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gana Sanil
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Krzeszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chaładaj
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iryna Knysh
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Łukasz Dobrzycki
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Michał K Cyrański
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Nantes Université, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000, Nantes, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
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71
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Xu Z, Li S, Huang F, He T, Jia X, Liang H, Guo Y, Long G, Kan B, Yao Z, Li C, Wan X, Chen Y. Propeller vs Quasi-Planar 6-Cantilever Small Molecular Platforms with Extremely Two-Dimensional Conjugated Extension. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311686. [PMID: 37858963 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Two exotic 6-cantilever small molecular platforms, characteristic of quite different molecular configurations of propeller and quasi-plane, are established by extremely two-dimensional conjugated extension. When applied in small molecular acceptors, the only two cases of CH25 and CH26 that could contain six terminals and such broad conjugated backbones have been afforded thus far, rendering featured absorptions, small reorganization and exciton binding energies. Moreover, their distinctive but completely different molecular geometries result in sharply contrasting nanoscale film morphologies. Finally, CH26 contributes to the best device efficiency of 15.41 % among acceptors with six terminals, demonstrating two pioneered yet highly promising 6-cantilever molecular innovation platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shitong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fangfang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xinyuan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaxiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Tianjin Key Laboratory of functional polymer materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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72
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Latrache M, Lefebvre C, Abe M, Hoffmann N. Photochemically Induced Hydrogen Atom Transfer and Intramolecular Radical Cyclization Reactions with Oxazolones. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16435-16455. [PMID: 37983612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Photochemically induced intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer in oxazolones is reported. An acetal or thioacetal function at the side chain acts as a hydrogen donor while the photochemical exited oxazolone is the acceptor. A one-step process─the electron and the proton are simultaneously transferred─is productive, while electron transfer followed by proton transfer is inefficient. Radical combination then takes place, leading to the formation of a C-C or C-N bond. The regioselectivity of the reaction is explained by the diradical/zwitterion dichotomy of radical intermediates at the singlet state. In the present case, the zwitterion structure plays a central role, and intramolecular electron transfer favors spin-orbit coupling and thus the intersystem crossing to the singlet state. The reaction of corresponding thioacetal derivatives is less efficient. In this case, photochemical electron transfer is competitive. The photoproducts resulting from C-C bond formation easily undergo stepwise thermal decarboxylation in which zwitterionic and polar transition states are involved. A computational study of this step has also been performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Latrache
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
| | - Corentin Lefebvre
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshima Research Center for Photo-Drug-Delivery Systems (Hi-P-DDS), 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Norbert Hoffmann
- ICMR, Equipe de Photochimie, CNRS, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, Reims 51687 France
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73
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Zhao M, Chen S, He C, Zhou Y. Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of a Nitrogen-Boron-Nitrogen-Embedded Polycyclic π-System Containing a Pleiaheptalene Framework. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38015797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel polycyclic π-system (1) featuring both a pleiaheptalene framework (a three-fused heptagon system) and nitrogen-boron-nitrogen (NBN) unit was constructed by electrophilic borylation. A combined experimental and computational study demonstrated that 1 has a highly twisted π-backbone with approximate C2 symmetry, which can undergo conformational isomerization at room temperature in contrast to pleiaheptalene. It was also found that 1 can bind the fluoride ion in the solution, which induces changes in the absorption and emission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengna Zhao
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shuaishuai Chen
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Chun He
- Apeloa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongyang, Zhejiang 322118, China
| | - Yifeng Zhou
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
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74
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Zanetti D, Matuszewska O, Giorgianni G, Pezzetta C, Demitri N, Bonifazi D. Photoredox Annulation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. JACS AU 2023; 3:3045-3054. [PMID: 38034957 PMCID: PMC10685425 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The rise of interest in using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and molecular graphenoids in optoelectronics has recently stimulated the growth of modern synthetic methodologies giving access to intramolecular aryl-aryl couplings. Here, we show that a radical-based annulation protocol allows expansion of the planarization approaches to prepare functionalized molecular graphenoids. The enabler of this reaction is peri-xanthenoxanthene, the photocatalyst which undergoes photoinduced single electron transfer with an ortho-oligoarylenyl precursor bearing electron-withdrawing and nucleofuge groups. Dissociative electron transfer enables the formation of persistent aryl radical intermediates, the latter undergoing intramolecular C-C bond formation, allowing the planarization reaction to occur. The reaction conditions are mild and compatible with various electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents on the aryl rings as well as heterocycles and PAHs. The method could be applied to induce double annulation reactions, allowing the synthesis of π-extended scaffolds with different edge peripheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Zanetti
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliwia Matuszewska
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Giuliana Giorgianni
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cristofer Pezzetta
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
| | - Nicola Demitri
- Elettra—Sincrotrone
Trieste, S.S. 14 Km 163.5
in Area Science Park, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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75
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Inai N, Yamaguchi S, Yanai T. Theoretical Insight into the Effect of Phosphorus Oxygenation on Nonradiative Decays: Comparative Analysis of P-Bridged Stilbene Analogs. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2023; 3:540-552. [PMID: 38034034 PMCID: PMC10683489 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of the phosphorus element into a π-conjugated skeleton offers valuable prospects for adjusting the electronic structure of the resulting functional π-electron systems. Trivalent phosphorus has the potential to decrease the LUMO level through σ*-π* interaction, which is further enhanced by its oxygenation to the pentavalent P center. This study shows that utilizing our computational analysis to examine excited-state dynamics based on radiative/nonradiative rate constants and fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) is effective for analyzing the photophysical properties of P-containing organic dyes. We theoretically investigate how the trivalent phosphanyl group and pentavalent phosphine oxide moieties affect radiative and nonradiative decay processes. We evaluate four variations of P-bridged stilbene analogs. Our analysis reveals that the primary decay pathway for photoexcited bis-phosphanyl-bridged stilbene is the intersystem crossing (ISC) to the triplet state and nonradiative. The oxidation of the phosphine moiety, however, suppresses the ISC due to the relative destabilization of the triplet states. The calculated rate constants match an increase in experimental ΦF from 0.07 to 0.98, as simulated from 0.23 to 0.94. The reduced HOMO-LUMO gap supports a red shift in the fluorescence spectra relative to the phosphine analog. The thiophene-fused variant with the nonoxidized trivalent P center exhibits intense emission with a high ΦF, 0.95. Our prediction indicates that the ISC transfer is obstructed owing to the relatively destabilized triplet state induced by the thiophene substitution. Conversely, the thiophene-fused analog with the phosphine oxide moieties triggers a high-rate internal conversion mediated by conical intersection, leading to a decreased ΦF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Inai
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium
on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules, (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yanai
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Integrated Research Consortium
on Chemical Science (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules, (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho,
Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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76
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Sun W, Yang Y, Tian X, Yuan L, Wang Y, Dou C. A Combination of B- and N-Doped π-Systems Enabling Systematic Tuning of Electronic Structures and Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302459. [PMID: 37641524 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Doping heteroatoms into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may alter their structures and thereby physical properties. This study reports the construction of B/N-codoped PAHs via combining the B- and N-doped π-systems. Two π-extended B/N-codoped PAHs were synthesized through the Mallory photoreaction. Both feature a C48 BN2 π-skeleton, which is assembled by linearly fusing three substructures including B-doped and sp2 -hybridized N-doped π-moieties and one pyrene unit. In comparison to the pristine B-doped analog, their intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states are distinctly modulated by the fused N-doped π-system and the further incorporated cyano group, leading to their tunable optical properties, as revealed by detailed theoretical and experimental analysis. Furthermore, these three molecules have sufficient Lewis acidity and can coordinate with Lewis base to form Lewis acid-base adducts, and notably, such intermolecular complexation can further dynamically modulate their ICT transitions and thereby photophysical properties, such as producing blue, green and red fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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77
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Kumar V, Bharathkumar HJ, Dongre SD, Gonnade R, Krishnamoorthy K, Babu SS. Isomer Effect on Energy Storage of π-Extended S-Shaped Double[6]Heterohelicene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311657. [PMID: 37782466 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, chiral and nonplanar cutouts of graphene have been the favorites due to their unique optical, electronic, and redox properties and high solubility compared with their planar counterparts. Despite the remarkable progress in helicenes, π-extended heterohelicenes have not been widely explored. As an anode in a lithium-ion battery, the racemic mixture of π-extended double heterohelical nanographene containing thienothiophene core exhibited a high lithium storage capability, attaining a specific capacity of 424 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 with excellent rate capability and superior long-term cycling performance over 6000 cycles with negligible fade. As a first report, the π-extended helicene isomer (PP and MM), with the more interlayer distance that helps faster diffusion of ions, has exhibited a high capacity of 300 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 with long-term cycling performance over 1500 cycles compared to the less performing MP and PM isomer and racemic mixture (150 mAh g-1 at 2 A g-1 ). As supported by single-crystal X-ray analysis, a unique molecular design of nanographenes with a fixed (helical) molecular geometry, avoiding restacking of the layers, renders better performance as an anode in lithium-ion batteries. Interestingly, the recycled nanographene anode material displayed comparable performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viksit Kumar
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - H J Bharathkumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sangram D Dongre
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Rajesh Gonnade
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kothandam Krishnamoorthy
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Sukumaran Santhosh Babu
- Organic Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
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78
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Liu Y, Xu L, Rao Y, Kim J, Yin B, Zhou M, Oh J, Kim D, Song J, Osuka A. Stable Antiaromatic [24]Hexaphyrin(1.1.0.0.1.0) and Its Metal Complexes. Org Lett 2023; 25:8121-8126. [PMID: 37930089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
5,10,23-Trimesityl-substituted [24]hexaphyrin(1.1.0.0.1.0) was synthesized as a stable antiaromatic molecule by base-catalyzed twofold SNAr reaction and was reduced to the corresponding [26]hexaphyrin, which was an unstable aromatic molecule because it easily oxidized to the [24]hexaphyrin. The [24]hexaphyrin served as a ligand to give the bis-PdII complex and tris-RhI complex with unique structures. The former complex has two square-planar-coordinated PdII ions bridged by an acetate anion and shows a strong paratropic ring current, while the latter complex has three RhI ions coordinated with two pyrrolic nitrogen atoms and two carbonyl groups, but one carbonyl group is shared with two RhI ions in a unique manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jinseok Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Korea
| | - Bangshao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Juwon Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul03722, Korea
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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79
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Ma T, Dong J, Yang DT. Heteroatom-boron-heteroatom-doped π-conjugated systems: structures, synthesis and photofunctional properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13679-13689. [PMID: 37901914 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
The potency of heteroatom-doping in reshaping optoelectronic properties arises from the distinct electronegativity variations between heteroatoms and carbon atoms. By incorporating two heteroatoms with differing electronegativities (e.g., B = N), not only is the architectural coherence of π-conjugated systems retained, but also dipolar traits are introduced, accompanied by unique intermolecular interactions absent in their all-carbon analogs. Another burgeoning doping strategy, featuring the heteroatom-boron-heteroatom motif (X-B-X, where X = N, O), has captured growing attention. This configuration's coexistence of the boron-heteroatom unit and an isolated heteroatom stimulates mutual modulation in the dipole of the boron-heteroatom unit and the heteroatom's electronegativity. In this Feature article, we present an encompassing survey of XBX-doped π-conjugated systems, elucidating how the integration of the X-B-X unit induces transformative structural and property changes within π-conjugated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jiaqi Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Deng-Tao Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, 430056 Wuhan, China
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80
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Abstract
Quinoidal π-conjugated systems are sought-after materials for semiconducting applications because of their rich optical and electronic characteristics. However, the analogous fluorescent compounds are extremely rare, with just two reports in the literature. Here, we present the design and development of a third series of quinoidal fluorophores [(2,5-diarylidene)-3,6-bis(hexyloxy)-2,5-dihydropyrazine (Q1-Q5)] that incorporates p-azaquinodimethane. The fluorophores are synthesized in a two-step synthetic approach employing Knoevenagel condensation of N,N-diacetyl-piperazine-2,5-dione with different aromatic aldehydes followed by O-alkylation in high yields. Q1-Q5 are strongly emissive, and by altering the aryl-substituents, the emission colors can be modulated from blue to orange. The compounds possess emission maxima (λem) at 475-555 nm in the solution state and 510-610 nm in the solid state, with fluorescence quantum yields of up to 60%. To the best of our knowledge, the reported systems are the first quinoidal dual-state emissive (solution- and solid-state) compounds. In trifluoroacetic acid, Q5 exhibits halochromic behavior, with a dramatic color change from yellow to blue. Furthermore, the preliminary fluorescent sensing studies demonstrated that Q5 could act as a selective turn-off fluorescence probe for electron-deficient picric acid (PA), with an emission quenching of >90% in the solution state. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) strip sensor of Q5 was also designed to detect PA in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswani Raj K
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Karnataka, 580011, India
| | - Rajeswara Rao M
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Dharwad, Karnataka, 580011, India
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81
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Liu P, Wang K, Xu L, Rao Y, Zhou M, Osuka A, Song J. Synthesis of Naphthalene- and Phenanthrene-Fused Smaragdyrins and Their BF 2 Complexes. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300740. [PMID: 37712306 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene- and phenanthrene-fused [22]smaragdyrin BF2 -complexes were synthesized by 1) Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of β-brominated [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complexes with 2-formylarylboronates, 2) Witting-type methoxymethylenation of the formyl group, and 3) methanesulfonic acid-catalyzed cyclization reaction. Subsequently these BF2 complexes were deboronized and oxidized to the corresponding antiaromatic [20]smaragdyrin free bases. The installed fused structures led to decrease of the aromatic characters of the [22]smaragdyrin BF2 complexes and the antiaromatic characters of the [20]smaragdyrin free bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Kaisheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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82
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Yamada KE, Stepek IA, Matsuoka W, Ito H, Itami K. Synthesis of Heptagon-Containing Polyarenes by Catalytic C-H Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202311770. [PMID: 37902441 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarbons incorporating non-hexagonal aromatic rings - such as five-, seven-, and eight-membered rings - have various intriguing physical properties such as curved structures, unique one-dimensional packing, and promising magnetic, optical, and conductivity properties. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic approach to polycyclic aromatics containing seven-membered rings via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular Ar-H/Ar-Br coupling. In addition to all-hydrocarbon scaffolds, heteroatom-embedded heptagon-containing polyarenes can be efficiently constructed with this method. Rhodium- and palladium-catalyzed sequential six- and seven-membered ring formations also afford complex heptagon-containing molecular nanocarbons from readily available arylacetylenes and biphenyl boronic acids. Detailed mechanistic analysis by DFT calculations showed the feasibility of seven-membered ring formation by a concerted metalation-deprotonation mechanism. This reaction can serve as a template for the synthesis of a wide range of seven-membered ring-containing molecular nanocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo E Yamada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Iain A Stepek
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Wataru Matsuoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hideto Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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83
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Campbell AD, Ellis K, Gordon LK, Riley JE, Le V, Hollister KK, Ajagbe SO, Gozem S, Hughley RB, Boswell AM, Adjei-Sah O, Baruah PD, Malone R, Whitt LM, Gilliard RJ, Saint-Louis CJ. Solvatochromic and Aggregation-Induced Emission Active Nitrophenyl-Substituted Pyrrolidinone-Fused-1,2-Azaborine with a Pre-Twisted Molecular Geometry. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2023; 11:13740-13751. [PMID: 38855717 PMCID: PMC11160477 DOI: 10.1039/d3tc03278g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Boron-nitrogen-containing heterocycles with extended conjugated π-systems such as polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines, hold the fascination of organic chemists due to their unique optoelectronic properties. However, the majority of polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines aggregate at high concentrations or in the solid-state, resulting in aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) of emission. This practical limitation poses significant challenges for polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines' use in many applications. Additionally, only a few solvatochromic polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines have been reported and they all display minimal solvatochromism. Therefore, the scope of available polycyclic 1,2-azaborines needs to be expanded to include those displaying fluorescence at high concentration and in the solid-state as well as those that exhibit significant changes in emission intensity in various solvents due to different polarities. To address the ACQ issue, we evaluate the effect of a pre-twisted molecular geometry on the optoelectronic properties of polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines. Specifically, three phenyl-substituted pyrrolidinone-fused 1,2-azaborines (PFAs) with similar structures and functionalized with diverse electronic moieties (-H, -NO2, -CN, referred to as PFA 1, 2, and 3, respectively) were experimentally and computationally studied. Interestingly, PFA 2 displays two distinct emission properties: 1) solvatochromism, in which its emission and quantum yields are tunable with respect to solvent polarity, and 2) fluorescence that can be completely "turned off" and "turned on" via aggregation-induced emission (AIE). This report provides the first example of a polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborine that displays both AIE and solvatochromism properties in a single BN-substituted backbone. According to time-dependent density function theory (TD-DFT) calculations, the fluorescence properties of PFA 2 can be explained by the presence of a low-lying n-π* charge transfer state inaccessible to PFA 1 or PFA 3. These findings will help in the design of future polycyclic aromatic 1,2-azaborines that are solvatochromic and AIE-active as well as in understanding how molecular geometry affects these compounds' optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert D Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Kaia Ellis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Lyric K Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Janiyah E Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - VuongVy Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States
| | - Kimberly K Hollister
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Stephen O Ajagbe
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30302, United States
| | - Robert B Hughley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Adeline M Boswell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Ophelia Adjei-Sah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Prioska D Baruah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Ra'Nya Malone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
| | - Logan M Whitt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 35487, United States
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States
| | - Carl Jacky Saint-Louis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, 30144, United States
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84
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Wang K, Rao Y, Xu L, Zhou M, Aratani N, Osuka A, Song J. Post-Installation of Fused Benzoheptagons at the Periphery of NiII Porphyrins: Helical Structures and Conformation-Adjustable Fullerenes Binding. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301955. [PMID: 37518990 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Fused-benzoheptagon-installed NiII porphyrins were synthesized by a protocol consisting of (2-formyl)arylation at the meso-position(s) of NiII porphyrins, conversion of formyl group to methoxyethene group by Wittig reaction, and final Bi(OTf)3 -catalyzed cyclization. The structures of these porphyrins have been revealed by X-ray analysis. Owing to the installed heptagon ring(s), these porphyrins show curved structures with conformational flexibility. Dimer has been shown to have a small activation barrier for inversion and to capture C60 and C70 with large association constants with adjustable conformational changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Yutao Rao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Ling Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Jianxin Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Research (Ministry of Education of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
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85
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Eichelmann R, Rippel D, Ballmann J, Gade LH. Zipping up tetraazaperylene: synthesis of tetraazacoronenes via double coupling in the bay positions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12136-12139. [PMID: 37740337 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Substituted tetraazacoronene fluorophores have been obtained selectively by double Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of symmetrically substituted 1,2-bis(pinacolatoboryl)alkenes with a bay-substituted octaazaperopyrenedioxide (OAPPDO). Subsequent Scholl reaction of the dimethoxyphenylated derivative allowed further π-extension of the azaperylene core, yielding a highly redox-active bis(phenanthro)tetraazacoronene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Eichelmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Rippel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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86
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Yashmin S, Khan AT, Akula SJ, P R, Bhattacharyya K. One-Step Synthesis of 7-Bromobenzo[ c]chromeno[4,3,2- gh]phenanthridines through a Sequential Bromination/Cyclization/Aromatization Reaction Using N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS). J Org Chem 2023; 88:13622-13633. [PMID: 37738657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Herein, metal- and oxidant-free synthesis of 7-bromobenzo[c]chromeno[4,3,2-gh]phenanthridines is reported using N-bromosuccinimide. Sequential regioselective bromination, intramolecular ring cyclization, and aromatization reactions occur in a single step through a successive radical-catalyzed pathway. The mechanistic pathway for the cyclization is supported by a DFT study. Selective bromination in the fully aromatic skeleton is accomplished without involving additional aromatic electrophilic ring bromination. As a synthetic application, the Suzuki coupling reaction of compound 5a with boronic acid is reported to get compound 8a. Aggregation-induced emission of one of the synthesized compounds (5h) is also investigated in THF/hexane solvent along with concentration-dependent emission spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Yashmin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Abu Taleb Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sai Jyothi Akula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, NIPER Guwahati, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
| | - Radhakrishnanand P
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, NIPER Guwahati, Guwahati 781101, Assam, India
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87
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Kirkeby EK, Schwartz ZT, Lovasz MA, Roberts AG. Deaminative ring contraction for the synthesis of polycyclic heteroaromatics: a concise total synthesis of toddaquinoline. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10508-10514. [PMID: 37800000 PMCID: PMC10548534 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03936f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A concise strategy to prepare polycyclic heteroaromatics involving a deaminative contraction cascade is detailed. The efficient deaminative ring contraction involves the in situ methylation of a biaryl-linked dihydroazepine to form a cyclic ammonium cation that undergoes a base-induced [1,2]-Stevens rearrangement/dehydroamination sequence. The presence of pseudosymmetry guides the retrosynthetic analysis of pyridyl-containing polycyclic heteroaromatics, enabling their construction by the reductive cyclization and deaminative contraction of tertiary amine precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Kirkeby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Zachary T Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Myles A Lovasz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
| | - Andrew G Roberts
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah 315 South 1400 East Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
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88
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Yu YJ, Feng ZQ, Meng XY, Chen L, Liu FM, Yang SY, Zhou DY, Liao LS, Jiang ZQ. Introducing Spiro-locks into the Nitrogen/Carbonyl System towards Efficient Narrowband Deep-blue Multi-resonance TADF Emitters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310047. [PMID: 37593817 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The current availability of multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR-TADF) materials with excellent color purity and high device efficiency in the deep-blue region is appealing. To address this issue in the emerged nitrogen/carbonyl MR-TADF system, we propose a spiro-lock strategy. By incorporating spiro functionalization into a concise molecular skeleton, a series of emitters (SFQ, SOQ, SSQ, and SSeQ) can enhance molecular rigidity, blue-shift the emission peak, narrow the emission band, increase the photoluminescence quantum yield by over 92 %, and suppress intermolecular interactions in the film state. The referent CZQ without spiro structure has a more planar skeleton, and its bluer emission in the solution state redshifts over 40 nm with serious spectrum broadening and a low PLQY in the film state. As a result, SSQ achieves an external quantum efficiency of 25.5 % with a peak at 456 nm and a small full width at half maximum of 31 nm in a simple unsensitized device, significantly outperforming CZQ. This work discloses the importance of spiro-junction in modulating deep-blue MR-TADF emitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Jun Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Qi Feng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yue Meng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Long Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Ming Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Yi Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Ying Zhou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Sheng Liao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Zuo-Quan Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, 215123, Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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89
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Wei Y, Cai Y, He L, Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Wang P. Molecular engineering of nitrogen-rich helicene based organic semiconductors for stable perovskite solar cells. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10285-10296. [PMID: 37772097 PMCID: PMC10530664 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02845c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic heteroaromatics play a pivotal role in advancing the field of high-performance organic semiconductors. In this study, we report the synthesis of a pyrrole-bridged double azahelicene through intramolecular oxidative cyclization. By incorporating bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amine (OMeDPA) and ethylenedioxythiophene-phenyl-OMeDPA (EP-OMeDPA) into the sp3-nitrogen rich double helicene framework, we have successfully constructed two organic semiconductors with ionization potentials suitable for application in perovskite solar cells. The amorphous films of both organic semiconductors exhibit hole density-dependent mobility and conductivity. Notably, the organic semiconductor utilizing EP-OMeDPA as the electron donor demonstrates superior hole mobility at a given hole density, which is attributed to reduced reorganization energy and increased centroid distance. Moreover, this organic semiconductor exhibits a remarkably elevated glass transition temperature of up to 230 °C and lower diffusivity for external small molecules and ions. When employed as the p-doped hole transport layer in perovskite solar cells, TMDAP-EP-OMeDPA achieves an improved average efficiency of 21.7%. Importantly, the solar cell with TMDAP-EP-OMeDPA also demonstrates enhanced long-term operational stability and storage stability at 85 °C. These findings provide valuable insights into the development of high-performance organic semiconductors, contributing to the practical application of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Yaohang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Lifei He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Yi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310030 China
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90
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Li P, Jia Y, Chen P. Design and Synthesis of New Type of Macrocyclic Architectures Used for Optoelectronic Materials and Supramolecular Chemistry. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300300. [PMID: 37439485 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry has received much attention for decades. Macrocyclic architectures as representative receptors play a vital role in supramolecular chemistry and are applied in many fields such as supramolecular assembly and host-guest recognition. However, the classical macrocycles generally lack functional groups in the scaffolds, which limit their further applications, especially in optoelectronic materials. Therefore, developing a new design principle is not only essential to better understand macrocyclic chemistry and the supramolecular behaviors, but also further expand their applications in many research fields. In recent years, the doping compounds with main-group heteroatoms (B, N, S, O, P) into the carbon-based π-conjugated macrocycles offered a new strategy to build macrocyclic architectures with unique optoelectronic properties. In particular, the energy gaps and redox behavior can be effectively tuned by incorporating heteroatoms into the macrocyclic scaffolds. In this Minireview, we briefly summarize the design and synthesis of new macrocycles, and further discuss the related applications in optoelectronic materials and supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Engineering, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Yawei Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
| | - Pangkuan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 102488, P. R. China
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91
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Yu X, Wu P, Yuan Q, Yan C, Li D, Cheng L. Unraveling the Aromatic Rule of Cyclic Superatomic Molecules in π-Conjugated Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7487-7495. [PMID: 37669444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The aromaticity of π-conjugated compounds has long been a confusing issue. Based on a recently emerged two-dimensional (2D) superatomic-molecule theory, a unified rule was built to decipher the aromaticity of cyclic superatomic molecules of π-conjugated compounds from the chemical bonding perspective. Herein, a series of planar [n]helicenes and [n]circulenes, composed of benzene, thiophene, or furfuran, are systemically studied and seen as superatomic molecules ◊On-2◊F2 or ◊On, where superatoms ◊F and ◊O denote π-conjugated units with 5 and 4 π electrons, respectively. The ascertained superatomic Lewis structures intuitively display aromaticity with each basic unit meeting the superatomic sextet rule of benzene, similar to classical valence bond theory, which is favored by the synthesized complex π-conjugated compounds comprising different numbers and kinds of subrings. The evolutionary trend of ring currents and chemical bonding suggests a local ribbon-like aromaticity in these π-conjugated compounds. Moreover, nonplanar helical π-conjugated compounds have the potential to evolve into spring-like periodic materials with excellent physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlei Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Panpan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qinqin Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chen Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Materials of Anhui Province, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials (Anhui University), Ministry of Education, Hefei 230601, China
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92
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Ramírez-Barroso S, Romeo-Gella F, Fernández-García JM, Feng S, Martínez-Fernández L, García-Fresnadillo D, Corral I, Martín N, Wannemacher R. Curved Nanographenes: Multiple Emission, Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence, and Non-Radiative Decay. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212064. [PMID: 37094332 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing and rich photophysical properties of three curved nanographenes (CNG 6, 7, and 8) are investigated by time-resolved and temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. CNG 7 and 8 exhibit dual fluorescence, as well as dual phosphorescence at low temperature in the main PL bands. In addition, hot bands are detected in fluorescence as well as phosphorescence, and, in the narrow temperature range of 100-140 K, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with lifetimes on the millisecond time-scale is observed. These findings are rationalized by quantum-chemical simulations, which predict a single minimum of the S1 potential of CNG 6, but two S1 minima for CNG 7 and CNG 8, with considerable geometric reorganization between them, in agreement with the experimental findings. Additionally, a higher-lying S2 minimum close to S1 is optimized for the three CNG, from where emission is also possible due to thermal activation and, hence, non-Kasha behavior. The presence of higher-lying dark triplet states close to the S1 minima provides mechanistic evidence for the TADF phenomena observed. Non-radiative decay of the T1 state appears to be thermally activated with activation energies of roughly 100 meV and leads to disappearance of phosphorescence and TADF at T > 140 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Ramírez-Barroso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | | | - Jesús M Fernández-García
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Siyang Feng
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Inés Corral
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Nazario Martín
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Imdea Nanoscience, C/ Faraday 9, Cantoblanco, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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93
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Wu Y, Liu X, Liu J, Yang G, Han S, Yang D, Cao X, Ma D, Bin Z, You J. Geometry engineering of a multiple resonance core via a phenyl-embedded strategy toward highly efficient narrowband blue OLEDs. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3785-3790. [PMID: 37409621 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00617d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The geometry of the molecular skeleton is of importance for the property regulation of organic electronic materials. Herein, we present a phenyl-embedded molecular design strategy to adjust the molecular curvature and achieve the improvement of blue multiple resonance (MR)-emitters. The introduction of a bridged phenyl contributes to a highly twisted saddle skeleton and the separation of frontier molecular orbitals, which are beneficial for the increase of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as well as the decrease of singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST). Consequently, hp-BQAO features an accelerated reverse intersystem crossing rate and suppressed non-radiative decay rate simultaneously, which enables the assembly of high-performance narrowband blue OLEDs with a record-high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.1% for the blue OLED devices exploiting nitrogen-carbonyl-containing MR-emitters without sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ge Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Songyan Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dezhi Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Cao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyang Bin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingsong You
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, People's Republic of China.
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94
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Wang C, Deng Z, Phillips DL, Liu J. Extension of Non-alternant Nanographenes Containing Nitrogen-Doped Stone-Thrower-Wales Defects. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306890. [PMID: 37421410 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-alternant topologies have attracted considerable attention due to their unique physiochemical characteristics in recent years. Here, three novel topological nanographenes molecular models of nitrogen-doped Stone-Thrower-Wales (S-T-W) defects were achieved through intramolecular direct arylation. Their chemical structures were unambiguously elucidated by single-crystal analysis. Among them, threefold intramolecular direct arylation compound (C42 H21 N) is the largest nanographene bearing a N-doped non-alternant topology to date, in which the non-benzenoid rings account for 83 % of the total molecular skeleton. The absorption maxima of this compound was located in the near-infrared region with a long tail up to 900 nm, which was much longer than those reported for similarly sized N-doped nanographene with six-membered rings (C40 H15 N). In addition, the electronic energy gaps of these series compounds clearly decreased with the introduction of non-alternant topologies (from 2.27 eV to 1.50 eV). It is noteworthy that C42 H21 N possesses such a low energy gap (Eg opt =1.40 eV; Eg cv =1.50 eV), yet is highly stable under ambient conditions. Our work reported herein demonstrates that the non-alternant topology could significantly influence the electronic configurations of nanocarbons, where the introduction of a non-alternanting topology may be an effective way to narrow the energy gap without extending the molecular π-conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Ziqi Deng
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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95
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Eichelmann R, Ballmann J, Gade LH. Tetraazacoronenes and Their Dimers, Trimers and Tetramers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309198. [PMID: 37409960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetraazacoronenes were synthesized from bay-functionalized tetraazaperylenes by Zr-mediated cyclization and four-fold Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling. In the Zr-mediated approach, an η4 -cyclobutadiene-zirconium(IV) complex was isolated as an intermediate to cyclobutene-annulated derivatives. Using bis(pinacolatoboryl)vinyltrimethylsilane as a C2 building block gave the tetraazacoronene target compound along with the condensed azacoronene dimer as well as higher oligomers. The series of extended azacoronenes show highly resolved UV/Vis absorption bands with increased extinction coefficients for the extended aromatic cores and fluorescence quantum yields of up to 80 % at 659 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Eichelmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Ballmann
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz H Gade
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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96
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Li R, Ma B, Li S, Lu C, An P. Chalcogen-doped, ( seco)-hexabenzocoronene-based nanographenes: synthesis, properties, and chalcogen extrusion conversion. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8905-8913. [PMID: 37621425 PMCID: PMC10445433 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of chalcogen-doped nanographenes (NGs) and their oxides are described. Their molecular design is conceptually based on the insertion of different chalcogens into the hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) backbone. All the NGs adopt nonplanar conformations, which would show better solubility compared to planar HBC. Except for the oxygen-doped, saddle-shaped NG, the insertion of large chalcogens like sulfur and selenium leads to a seco-HBC-based, helical geometry. All the three-dimensional structures are unambiguously confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry. Their photophysical properties including UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, chiroptical, charge distribution, and orbital gaps are investigated experimentally or theoretically. The properties of each structure are significantly affected by the doped chalcogen and its related oxidative state. Notably, upon heating or adding an acid, the selenium-doped NG or its oxide undergoes a selenium extrusion reaction to afford seco-HBC or HBC quantitatively, which can be treated as precursors of hydrocarbon HBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Bin Ma
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Shengtao Li
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Chongdao Lu
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
| | - Peng An
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University Kunming 650091 P. R. China
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97
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Gu Y, Torchon HS, Zhu Y, Wei Z, Schollmeyer D, Wagner M, Ni Y, Wu Z, Wu H, Zhou Y, Qiu Z, Petrukhina MA, Müllen K. Twisted Diindeno-Fused Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene Derivatives and their Dianions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307750. [PMID: 37365137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile synthesis of diindeno-fused dibenzo[a,h]anthracene derivatives (DIDBA-2Cl, DIDBA-2Ph, and DIDBA-2H) with different degrees of non-planarity using three substituents (chloro, phenyl, and hydrogen) of various sizes. The planarization of their cores, as evidenced by the decreased end-to-end torsional angles, was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Their enhanced energy gaps with twisting were investigated by a combination of spectroscopic and electrochemical methods with density functional theory, which showed a transition from singlet open-shell to closed-shell configuration. Moreover, their doubly reduced states, DIDBA-2Ph2- and DIDBA-2H2- , were achieved by chemical reduction. The structures of dianions were identified by X-ray crystallographic analysis, which elucidated that the electron charging further distorted the backbones. The electronic structure of the dianions was demonstrated by experimental and theoretical approaches, suggesting decreased energy gaps with larger non-planarity, different from the neutral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Gu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315201, P. R. China
| | - Herdya S Torchon
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Yikun Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred Wagner
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zehua Wu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hao Wu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yazhou Zhou
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zijie Qiu
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marina A Petrukhina
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Synthetic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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98
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Wagner J, Kumar D, Kochman MA, Gryber T, Grzelak M, Kubas A, Data P, Lindner M. Facile Functionalization of Ambipolar, Nitrogen-Doped PAHs toward Highly Efficient TADF OLED Emitters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37728-37740. [PMID: 37501285 PMCID: PMC10416149 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite promising optoelectronic features of N-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), their use as functional materials remains underdeveloped due to their limited post-functionalization. Facing this challenge, a novel design of N-doped PAHs with D-A-D electronic structure for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters was performed. Implementing a set of auxiliary donors at the meta position of the protruding phenyl ring of quinoxaline triggers an increase in the charge-transfer property simultaneously decreasing the delayed fluorescence lifetime. This, in turn, contributes to a narrow (0.04-0.28 eV) singlet-triplet exchange energy split (ΔEST) and promotes a reverse intersystem crossing transition that is pivotal for an efficient TADF process. Boosting the electron-donating ability of our N-PAH scaffold leads to excellent photoluminescence quantum yield that was found in a solid-state matrix up to 96% (for phenoxazine-substituted derivatives, under air) with yellow or orange-red emission, depending on the specific compound. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) utilizing six, (D-A)-D, N-PAH emitters demonstrate a significant throughput with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.9% which is accompanied by remarkable luminance values which were found for all investigated devices in the range of 20,000-30,100 cd/m2 which is the highest reported to date for N-doped PAHs investigated in the OLED domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Wagner
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Department
of Chemistry, Łódź University
of Technology, Stefana
Żeromskiego 114, 90-543 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gryber
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Grzelak
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Data
- Department
of Chemistry, Łódź University
of Technology, Stefana
Żeromskiego 114, 90-543 Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Lindner
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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99
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Luo H, Wan Q, Choi W, Tsutsui Y, Dmitrieva E, Du L, Phillips DL, Seki S, Liu J. Two-Step Synthesis of B 2 N 2 -Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Containing Pentagonal and Heptagonal Rings with Long-Lived Delayed Fluorescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301769. [PMID: 37093207 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Pentagon-heptagon embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have aroused increasing attention in recent years due to their unique physicochemical properties. Here, for the first time, this report demonstrates a facile method for the synthesis of a novel B2 N2 -doped PAH (BN-2) containing two pairs of pentagonal and heptagonal rings in only two steps. In the solid state of BN-2, two different conformations, including saddle-shaped and up-down geometries, are observed. Through a combined spectroscopic and calculation study, the excited-state dynamics of BN-2 is well-investigated in this current work. The resultant pentagon-heptagon embedded B2 N2 -doped BN-2 displays both prompt fluorescence and long-lived delayed fluorescence components at room temperature, with the triplet excited-state lifetime in the microsecond time region (τ = 19 µs). The triplet-triplet annihilation is assigned as the mechanism for the observed long-lived delayed fluorescence. Computational analyses attributed this observation to the small energy separation between the singlet and triplet excited states, facilitating the intersystem crossing (ISC) process which is further validated by the ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou, 515031, China
| | - Qingyun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wookjin Choi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstr. 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Junzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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100
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Darzi ER, Stanfield DA, McDermott L, Kelleghan AV, Schwartz BJ, Garg NK. Facile synthesis of 2-aza-9,10-diphenylanthracene and the effect of precise nitrogen atom incorporation on OLED emitters performance. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 4:3351-3355. [PMID: 37588776 PMCID: PMC10388396 DOI: 10.1039/d3ma00280b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important compounds in materials chemistry, particularly for optoelectronic applications. One strategy for tuning PAH properties involves the net exchange of carbon atoms for heteroatoms, such as nitrogen. We report a comparative study of the well-known fluorophore 9,10-diphenylanthracene with an aza analog. The latter compound is accessed using a short sequence involving the use of two strained cyclic alkynes, benzyne and a 3,4-piperidyne, in Diels-Alder cycloaddition sequences. Comparative studies of 9,10-diphenylanthracene and the aza-analog show how the addition of a single nitrogen atom impacts electrochemical and optical properties. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices were prepared using both compounds, which showed that nitrogen substitution leads to an unexpected red shift in electroluminescence, likely due to exciplex formation between the active layer and the 4,4'-N,N'-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (NPB) hole-transport layer. These studies highlight a unique approach to accessing heteroatom-containing PAHs, while underscoring the impact of heteroatoms on OLED device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan R Darzi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Dane A Stanfield
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Luca McDermott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Andrew V Kelleghan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Benjamin J Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Neil K Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles California 90095 USA
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