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Kwong HL, Wong WL, Lee CS, Yeung CT, Teng PF. Zinc(II) complex of terpyridine-crown macrocycle: A new motif in fluorescence sensing of zwitterionic amino acids. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2009.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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52
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Bunzen J, Hovorka R, Lützen A. Surprising Substituent Effects on the Self-Assembly of Helicates from Bis(bipyridyl) BINOL Ligands. J Org Chem 2009; 74:5228-36. [DOI: 10.1021/jo900254r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bunzen
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry und Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rainer Hovorka
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry und Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Arne Lützen
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry und Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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53
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Kissel P, Breitler S, Reinmüller V, Lanz P, Federer L, Schlüter AD, Sakamoto J. An Easy and Multigram-Scale Synthesis of Versatile AA- and AB-Typem-Terphenylenes as Building Blocks for Kinked Polyphenylenes. European J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200900263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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54
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Shen YT, Guan L, Zhu XY, Zeng QD, Wang C. Submolecular Observation of Photosensitive Macrocycles and Their Isomerization Effects on Host−Guest Network. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6174-80. [DOI: 10.1021/ja808434n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Tao Shen
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Li Guan
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yang Zhu
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Dao Zeng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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55
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Mardis KL, Sutton HM, Zuo X, Lindsey JS, Tiede DM. Solution-state conformational ensemble of a hexameric porphyrin array characterized using molecular dynamics and X-ray scattering. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:2516-23. [PMID: 19243123 PMCID: PMC4965877 DOI: 10.1021/jp808318x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Solution-phase X-ray scattering measurements in combination with coordinate-based modeling have been used to characterize the conformational ensemble of a hexameric, diphenylethyne-linked porphyrin array in solution. Configurationally broadened X-ray scattering patterns measured at room temperature for dilute toluene solutions of the porphyrin array were compared to scattering patterns calculated from structural ensembles in constant pressure and temperature molecular dynamics simulations. Thermal fluctuations sampled at picosecond intervals within nanosecond time scale dynamic simulations show large-amplitude motions that include porphyrin ring "tipping" around the porphyrin linkage axes and extended hexameric porphyrin array "breathing" motions involving torsional distortions collectively distributed along porphyrin and diphenylethyne groups. Each type of group motion produced characteristic, angle-dependent dampening of scattering features that are needed to reproduce dampening features in the experimental X-ray scattering. However, mismatches in the magnitudes of experimental and simulated dampening of high-angle X-ray scattering patterns show that large-amplitude hexamer array breathing-type motions are significantly under-represented in the simulated ensembles. This comparison between experiment and simulation provides a means not only to interpret scattering data in terms of an explicit atomic model but more generally demonstrates the use of solution X-ray scattering as an experimental benchmark for the development of simulation methods that more accurately predict configurational dynamics of supramolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy L Mardis
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois 60628, USA.
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56
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58
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Opris DM, Ossenbach A, Lentz D, Schlüter AD. A Set of Homologous Hetarylenediyne Macrocycles by Oxidative Acetylene-Acetylene Coupling. Org Lett 2008; 10:2091-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol800316b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorina M. Opris
- Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34−36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, HCI J 541, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Ossenbach
- Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34−36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, HCI J 541, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Lentz
- Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34−36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, HCI J 541, Switzerland
| | - A. Dieter Schlüter
- Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, Institut für Chemie and Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstrasse 34−36, D-14195 Berlin, Germany, and Institute of Polymers, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, HCI J 541, Switzerland
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59
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Fomina N, Hogen-Esch TE. Synthesis and Characterization of Macrocyclic Poly(fluorene-3,6-diyl). Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800635w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Fomina
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
| | - Thieo E. Hogen-Esch
- Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661
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60
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Bazzicalupi C, Bencini A, Bianchi A, Danesi A, Faggi E, Giorgi C, Santarelli S, Valtancoli B. Coordination properties of polyamine-macrocycles containing terpyridine units. Coord Chem Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2007.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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61
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Zhu YY, Li C, Li GY, Jiang XK, Li ZT. Hydrogen-Bonded Aryl Amide Macrocycles: Synthesis, Single-Crystal Structures, and Stacking Interactions with Fullerenes and Coronene. J Org Chem 2008; 73:1745-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jo702046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chuang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang-Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xi-Kui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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62
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Two-Dimensional Nanotemplates as Surface Cues for the Controlled Assembly of Organic Molecules. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2008; 285:203-67. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2008_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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63
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Tahara K, Johnson CA, Fujita T, Sonoda M, De Schryver FC, De Feyter S, Haley MM, Tobe Y. Synthesis of dehydrobenzo[18]annulene derivatives and formation of self-assembled monolayers: implications of core size on alkyl chain interdigitation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:10190-7. [PMID: 17760473 DOI: 10.1021/la701663j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a series of dodecadehydrotribenzo[18]annulene ([18]DBA) derivatives is reported, together with their steady-state absorption and fluorescence properties. The main focus, though, is on the self-assembly of these compounds at the liquid-solid interface as investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), highlighting the effect of alkyl chain orientation and alkyl chain length on the molecular ordering. Owing to the large triangular pi-electron system of the [18]DBAs, two different types of alkyl chain orientation are observed. The observed changes in the monolayer networks upon elongation of the alkyl chains are attributed to the increased van der Waals interactions between molecules and substrate. The effect of the core size on the alkyl chain orientation and, as a result, the monolayer structure is discussed in relation to the results obtained previously for triangularly-shaped dehydrobenzo [12]annulene ([12]DBA) derivatives and triphenylene derivatives. A guideline for substituent spacing allowing control of molecular alignment for large planar pi-electron systems utilizing directional alkyl chain interdigitation is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazukuni Tahara
- Division of Frontier Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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64
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Wu D, Deng K, He M, Zeng Q, Wang C. Coadsorption-Induced Reconstruction of Supramolecular Assembly Characteristics. Chemphyschem 2007; 8:1519-23. [PMID: 17534850 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200700096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A host supramolecular structure consisting of bis-(2,2':6',2"-terpyridine)-4'-oxyhexadecane (BT-O-C16) is shown to respond to coadsorbed molecules in dramatic ways, as observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface under ambient conditions. Interestingly, the lattice parameter of the triphenylene-filled complex differs significantly from that of the coronene-filled one, although the triphenylene and coronene molecules are nearly the same size. The STM study and density functional theory calculations reveal that intermolecular hydrogen-bond interactions play an essential role in forming the assembly structures. The different electronic properties of coronene and triphenylene molecules are responsible for the difference in lattice parameters and consequently for the difference in filling behaviors in the coronene/BT-O-C16 and triphenylene/BT-O-C16 binary systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
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65
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Sakamoto J, Schlüter AD. Shape-Persistent Macrocycles: A Synthetic Strategy that Combines Easy and Site-Specific Decorations with Improved Cyclization Efficiency. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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66
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Cheng X, Ver Heyen A, Mamdouh W, Uji-i H, De Schryver F, Höger S, De Feyter S. Synthesis and adsorption of shape-persistent macrocycles containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the rigid framework. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:1281-6. [PMID: 17241046 DOI: 10.1021/la062360r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Shape-persistent macrocycles with interiors in the nanometer regime were prepared by the oxidative cyclization of the appropriate bisacetylene precursors under high-dilution conditions. These compounds contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ring backbone and are decorated with extra annular oligoalkyl or silyl side groups. Interestingly, after depositing them on different surfaces and investigating the self-assembled structures by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), various nanostructures were observed. STM showed that these macrocycles are organized in two-dimensional (2D) layers, whereas AFM showed, in addition, the formation of 2D crystallites and one-dimensional fibrils. These results reveal the importance of the extra annular substitution of the macrocycles in creating patterned surfaces and nanoscale objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Cheng
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Engesserstrasse 18, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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67
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Li Y, Zhao J, Yin X, Yin G. Theoretical investigations on the geometric and electronic structures of phenylene-acetylene macrocycles. Chemphyschem 2007; 7:2593-600. [PMID: 17072942 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200600416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The geometric and electronic structures of a series of conjugated macrocycles (phenylene-acetylene macrocycles, PAMs) have been studied theoretically with ab initio and semiempirical molecular orbital methods. The ab initio calculations at the HF/6-31G* level demonstrate that the model molecules may have a planar conformation. Bigger macrocycles, for example, 7PAM, 8PAM, and 9PAM, result in several energy minima. The boatlike conformation is the most energetically favored form. Based on the conformational analysis, a novel method for analyzing the ring-strain energy was proposed and used. In view of their potential applications as electronic materials, the electronic structures of a series of PAMs are also investigated. The LUMO-HOMO gaps of the planar PAMs show an odd-even difference behavior. In addition, the HOMOs of the planar species 3PAM, 5PAM, 7PAM, and 9PAM are doubly degenerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P R China
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68
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Nakao K, Nishimura M, Tamachi T, Kuwatani Y, Miyasaka H, Nishinaga T, Iyoda M. Giant Macrocycles Composed of Thiophene, Acetylene, and Ethylene Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:16740-7. [PMID: 17177424 DOI: 10.1021/ja067077t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fully conjugated giant macrocyclic oligothiophenes with 60pi, 90pi,120pi, 150pi, and 180pi frames (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) have been designed, and their butyl-substituted derivatives (1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, and 5a) have been synthesized using modified Sonogashira and McMurry coupling reactions as key steps. The 60-180pi systems 1-5 are circular with 1.8-6 nm inner cavities and 3.3-7.5 nm outside molecular diameters. Compound 1a containing ten 3,4-dibutyl-2,5-thienylene, eight ethynylene, and two vinylene units has been converted into macrocyclic oligo(3,4-dibutyl-2,5-thienylene-ethynylene) 6a using bromination/dehydrobromination procedure. Giant macrocycles 1a-6a exhibit a red shift of their absorption spectra and a fairly strong fluorescence with a large Stokes shift as compared to a linear conjugated counterpart having five thiophene rings. Compounds 1a-6a exhibit multistep reversible redox behaviors with fairly low first oxidation potentials, reflecting their cyclic conjugation. Furthermore, chemical oxidation of 1a-6a with FeCl3 shows drastic changes of spectroscopic properties due to intramolecular and intermolecular pi-pi interactions. Doping of 1a-3a with iodine forms semiconductor due to its pi-donor properties and pi-pi stacking ability. X-ray analysis of 1a confirmed a round, planar structure with nanoscale inner cavity, and revealed host ability for alkanes and unique packing structure. Interestingly, 2a and 3a self-aggregate in the solid state to form "molecular wires," which are about 200 nm thick and more than 1 mm long. The internal structures of fibrous aggregates have been investigated by optical microscope, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Nakao
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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69
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Zhao T, Liu Z, Song Y, Xu W, Zhang D, Zhu D. Novel Diethynylcarbazole Macrocycles: Synthesis and Optoelectronic Properties. J Org Chem 2006; 71:7422-32. [PMID: 16958538 DOI: 10.1021/jo0611869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diethynylcarbazole macrocycles 1b and 2b have been synthesized by oxidative coupling of appropriate precursors. In particular, macrocycle 2b was prepared by bimolecular Pd-catalyzed oxidative coupling in 35% isolated yield. The spectroscopic properties of these macrocycles and their precursors were measured in detail. The films of these macrocycles by the dipping method and the Langmuir-Blodgett technique were fabricated to study their photoinduced charge-transfer properties. A rapid and steady cathodic photocurrent of these films was produced in a three-electrode cell when irradiated with white light. A possible mechanism of the photoinduced electron-transfer pathway was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyue Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, PRC
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70
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Synthesis and X-ray crystallographic analysis of chiral pyridyl substituted carbocyclic molecular clefts. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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71
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Formation of Diruthenium(II) Complexes Containing 2,2′;6′,2′′-Terpyridine Domains Possessing Rotationally Restricted Connectivity: The Influence of Shape-Persistence. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-006-9001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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72
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Xie LH, Hou XY, Tang C, Hua YR, Wang RJ, Chen RF, Fan QL, Wang LH, Wei W, Peng B, Huang W. Novel H-Shaped Persistent Architecture Based on a Dispiro Building Block System. Org Lett 2006; 8:1363-6. [PMID: 16562892 DOI: 10.1021/ol060109x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] A novel dispiro building block, dispiro[fluorene-9,5'(7'H)-diindeno[2,1-b:1',2'-d]thiophene-7',9' '-fluorene], and its two derivatives, TBP-DSFDITF and TDOF-DSFDITF, were designed and synthesized. Because of the rigidity and orthogonality of the spiro structure, TBP-DSFDITF exhibits a well-defined H-shaped architecture, which consists of two ter(biphenyls) as the arms of the H-shape and 3,4-diphenylthiophene as the rung, connecting via completely rigid dispiro linkages with two sp(3) carbon atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hai Xie
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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73
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Venturi M, Marchioni F, Ferrer Ribera B, Balzani V, Opris DM, Schlüter AD. Photoinduced Energy- and Electron-Transfer Processes in Dinuclear RuII-OsII, RuII-OsIII, and RuIII-OsII Trisbipyridine Complexes Containing a Shape-Persistent Macrocyclic Spacer. Chemphyschem 2006; 7:229-39. [PMID: 16404769 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200500323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The PF6- salt of the dinuclear [(bpy)2Ru(1)Os(bpy)2]4+ complex, where 1 is a phenylacetylene macrocycle which incorporates two 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) chelating units in opposite sites of its shape-persistent structure, was prepared. In acetonitrile solution, the Ru- and Os-based units display their characteristic absorption spectra and electrochemical properties as in the parent homodinuclear compounds. The luminescence spectrum, however, shows that the emission band of the Ru(II) unit is almost completely quenched with concomitant sensitization of the emission of the Os(II) unit. Electronic energy transfer from the Ru(II) to the Os(II) unit takes place by two distinct processes (k(en) = 2.0x10(8) and 2.2x10(7) s(-1) at 298 K). Oxidation of the Os(II) unit of [(bpy)2Ru(1)Os(bpy)2]4+ by Ce(IV) or nitric acid leads quantitatively to the [(bpy)2Ru(II)(1)Os(III)(bpy)2]5+ complex which exhibits a bpy-to-Os(III) charge-transfer band at 720 nm (epsilon(max) = 250 M(-1) cm(-1)). Light excitation of the Ru(II) unit of [(bpy)2Ru(II)(1)Os(III)(bpy)2]5+ is followed by electron transfer from the Ru(II) to the Os(III) unit (k(el,f) = 1.6x10(8) and 2.7x10(7) s(-1)), resulting in the transient formation of the [(bpy)2Ru(III)(1)Os(II)(bpy)2]5+ complex. The latter species relaxes to the [(bpy)2Ru(II)(1)Os(III)(bpy)2]5+ one by back electron transfer (k(el,b) = 9.1x10(7) and 1.2x10(7) s(-1)). The biexponential decays of the [(bpy)2*Ru(II)(1)Os(II)(bpy)2]4+, [(bpy)2*Ru(II)(1)Os(III)(bpy)2]5+, and [(bpy)2Ru(III)(1)Os(II)(bpy)2]5+ species are related to the presence of two conformers, as expected because of the steric hindrance between hydrogen atoms of the pyridine and phenyl rings. Comparison of the results obtained with those previously reported for other Ru-Os polypyridine complexes shows that the macrocyclic ligand 1 is a relatively poor conducting bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Venturi
- Università di Bologna, Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
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74
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Hui JKH, MacLachlan MJ. [6 + 6] Schiff-base macrocycles with 12 imines: giant analogues of cyclohexane. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2480-2. [PMID: 16758022 DOI: 10.1039/b603985e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hexagon-shaped [6 + 6] Schiff-base macrocycles with 12 imine bonds are reported. These giant macrocycles possess 6 N2O2 coordination environments and mass spectrometry evidence for hexametallation of one macrocycle is provided. Semi-empirical calculations reveal two stable conformations with boat and chair geometries for the macrocycles metallated with Ni(II), analogous to the conformations observed for cyclohexane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K-H Hui
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, CanadaV6T 1Z1
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75
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Constable EC, Güntherodt HJ, Housecroft CE, Merz L, Neuburger M, Schaffner S, Tao Y. An evaluation of the relationship between two- and three-dimensional packing in self-organised monolayers and bulk crystals of amphiphilic 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridines. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b608136c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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76
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Wu D, Deng K, Zeng Q, Wang C. Selective Effect of Guest Molecule Length and Hydrogen Bonding on the Supramolecular Host Structure. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:22296-300. [PMID: 16853903 DOI: 10.1021/jp053293x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A host supramolecular structure consisting of bis-(2,2':6',2' '-terpyridine)-4'-oxyhexadecane (BT-O-C16) is shown to respond to guest molecules in dramatic ways, as observed by using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface under ambient conditions. It is observed that small linear molecules can be encapsulated within the host supramolecular lattice. The characteristics of the host structure were nearly unaffected by the encapsulated guest molecules of terphthalic acid (TPA) dimers, whereas appreciable changes in cavity dimension can be observed with azobenzene-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid. The STM study and density functional theory (DFT) analysis reveal that intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction plays an essential role in forming the assembling structures. The difference in guest molecule length is considered the important cause for the different guest-host complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxia Wu
- Center for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, P. R. China
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77
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Gallant AJ, Hui JKH, Zahariev FE, Wang YA, MacLachlan MJ. Synthesis, Structure, and Computational Studies of Soluble Conjugated Multidentate Macrocycles. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7936-46. [PMID: 16277313 DOI: 10.1021/jo050742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
[Chemical reaction: See text] Conjugated, shape-persistent macrocycles based on [3 + 3] Schiff-base condensation are of interest for supramolecular materials. In an effort to develop new discotic liquid crystals based on these compounds, a series of macrocycles with peripheral alkoxy groups of varying length have been prepared. The synthesis and mechanism of formation have been probed by isolation of oligomeric intermediates. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study of one macrocycle revealed a nonplanar, strongly hydrogen-bonded structure. To our surprise, even with very long substituents, the macrocycles were not liquid crystalline. This has been rationalized by ab initio calculations that indicate the macrocycles are undergoing rotation of the dihydroxydiiminobenzene rings that may not allow a stable discotic liquid crystalline phase. These results provide new insight into the formation and properties of these large macrocycles and may provide guidance to developing stable liquid crystalline materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Gallant
- University of British Columbia, Department of Chemistry, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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78
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Campbell K, Ooms KJ, Wasylishen RE, Tykwinski RR. Characterization of Porosity in Organic and Metal−Organic Macrocycles by Hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR Spectroscopy. Org Lett 2005; 7:3397-400. [PMID: 16048301 DOI: 10.1021/ol050830n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (129)Xe NMR spectroscopy is used to establish the solid-state porosity of shape-persistent macrocycles with either an organic or metal-organic framework. These studies show that even upon removal of cocrystallized solvent molecules, the macrocycles maintain a porous or channeled structure. The technique can provide valuable information about systems for which X-ray crystallographic analysis is not feasible. [structure: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Campbell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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79
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Opris DM, Franke P, Schlüter AD. Shape-Persistent Macrocycles with Bipyridine Units: Progress in Accessibility and Widening of Applicability. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200400744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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80
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Tiede DM, Zhang R, Chen LX, Yu L, Lindsey JS. Structural Characterization of Modular Supramolecular Architectures in Solution. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:14054-62. [PMID: 15506769 DOI: 10.1021/ja048209q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structures of modular supramolecular architectures consisting of a hexameric, diphenylethyne-linked porphyrin macrocyclic array and the corresponding host-guest complex formed by inclusion of a tripyridyl guest molecule were characterized in solution using high-angle X-ray scattering. Scattering measurements made to 6 A resolution coupled with pair distance function (PDF) analyses demonstrated that (1) the porphyrin architectures are not rigid but are distributed across a conformational ensemble with a mean diameter that is 1.5 A shorter than the diameter of a symmetric, energy-minimized model structure, (2) the conformational envelope has limits of 3 A positional dispersion and full rotational freedom for all six porphyrin groups, and (3) insertion of the tripyridyl guest molecule expands the diameter of the host conformer by 0.6 A and decreases the configurational dispersion by approximately 2-fold. These results validate the molecular design, provide a new measure of conformational ensembles in solution that cannot be obtained by other techniques, and establish a structural basis for understanding the photophysical and guest-hosting functions of the hexameric porphyrin architectures in liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Tiede
- Chemistry Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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81
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Werz DB, Gleiter R, Rominger F. Cyclic tetra- and hexaynes containing 1,4-donor-substituted butadiyne units: synthesis and supramolecular organization. J Org Chem 2004; 69:2945-52. [PMID: 15104430 DOI: 10.1021/jo035882+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic bis(1,3-butadiynes) with sulfur centers placed in the alpha-position to the 1,3-butadiyne units (2(n)) were synthesized by Glaser coupling of the corresponding open chain dithia-alpha,omega-diynes 1(n). In a second protocol we applied a four-component cyclization by reacting alpha,omega-dithiocyanatoalkanes 6(n) or alpha,omega-diselenocyanatoalkanes 7(n) with dilithium-1,3-butadiynide. This concept afforded either the cyclic dimers (S, 2(n); Se, 9(n)) or the cyclic trimers (S, 8(n); Se, 10(n)). Most of the molecular structures of 2(n) and 9(n) adopt chairlike conformations in the solid state. Tubular structures in the solid state with short distances between the chalcogen centers of neighboring stacks were encountered for 2(5), 9(5), 8(4), 10(4), and 10(5). Recrystallization of 10(5) from various polar and nonpolar solvents yielded inclusion of the solvent guest molecules. The solvent-accessible volume was calculated to vary from 19% (n-hexane) to 25% (mesitylene). The elastic properties of our cycles are due to the flexible methylene chains and the easily variable torsional angles between the rigid 1,3-butadiyne rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Werz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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82
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Borissov D, Ziegler A, Höger S, Freyland W. SAMs of shape-persistent macrocycles: structure and binding on HOPG and Au(111). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2004; 20:2781-2784. [PMID: 15835152 DOI: 10.1021/la030424h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of shape-persistent macrocycles have been adsorbed on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and Au(111) substrates. Their structure and binding characteristics have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. Special functionalization of the macrocycles for the first time has enabled their self-assembling and binding on a metal substrate and opened a new route for new functional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Borissov
- University of Karlsruhe, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Kaiserstrasse 12, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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