51
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Agrawal S, Lin W, Prezhdo OV, Trivedi DJ. Ab initio quantum dynamics of charge carriers in graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:054701. [PMID: 32770911 DOI: 10.1063/5.0010628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), a metal-free and visible light responsive photocatalyst, has garnered much attention due to its wide range of applications. In order to elucidate the role of dimensionality on the properties of photo-generated charge carriers, we apply nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics combined with time-domain density functional theory to investigate nonradiative relaxation of hot electrons and holes, and electron-hole recombination in monolayer and bulk g-C3N4. The nonradiative charge recombination occurs on a nanosecond timescale and is faster in bulk than the nanosheet, in agreement with the experiment. The difference arises due to the smaller energy gap and participation of additional vibrations in the bulk system. The long carrier lifetimes are favored by small NA coupling and rapid phonon-induced loss of quantum coherence between the excited and ground electronic states. Decoherence is fast because g-C3N4 is soft and undergoes large scale vibrations. The NA coupling is small since electrons and holes are localized on different atoms, and the electron-hole overlap is relatively small. Phonon-driven relaxation of hot electrons and holes takes 100-200 fs and is slightly slower at higher initial energies due to participation of fewer vibrational modes. This feature of two-dimensional g-C3N4 contrasts traditional three-dimensional semiconductors, which exhibit faster relaxation at higher energies due to larger density of states, and can be used to extract hot carriers to perform useful functions. The ab initio quantum dynamics simulations present a comprehensive picture of the photo-induced charge carrier dynamics in g-C3N4, guiding design of photovoltaic and photocatalytic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraddha Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Dhara J Trivedi
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, USA
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52
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Da Browski M, Dai Y, Petek H. Ultrafast Photoemission Electron Microscopy: Imaging Plasmons in Space and Time. Chem Rev 2020; 120:6247-6287. [PMID: 32530607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonics is a rapidly growing field spanning research and applications across chemistry, physics, optics, energy harvesting, and medicine. Ultrafast photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) has demonstrated unprecedented power in the characterization of surface plasmons and other electronic excitations, as it uniquely combines the requisite spatial and temporal resolution, making it ideally suited for 3D space and time coherent imaging of the dynamical plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale. The ability to visualize plasmonic fields evolving at the local speed of light on subwavelength scale with optical phase resolution illuminates old phenomena and opens new directions for growth of plasmonics research. In this review, we guide the reader thorough experimental description of PEEM as a characterization tool for both surface plasmon polaritons and localized plasmons and summarize the exciting progress it has opened by the ultrafast imaging of plasmonic phenomena on the nanofemto scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Da Browski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QL, U.K
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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53
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Tang H, Chen CJ, Huang Z, Bright J, Meng G, Liu RS, Wu N. Plasmonic hot electrons for sensing, photodetection, and solar energy applications: A perspective. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:220901. [PMID: 32534522 DOI: 10.1063/5.0005334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In plasmonic metals, surface plasmon resonance decays and generates hot electrons and hot holes through non-radiative Landau damping. These hot carriers are highly energetic, which can be modulated by the plasmonic material, size, shape, and surrounding dielectric medium. A plasmonic metal nanostructure, which can absorb incident light in an extended spectral range and transfer the absorbed light energy to adjacent molecules or semiconductors, functions as a "plasmonic photosensitizer." This article deals with the generation, emission, transfer, and energetics of plasmonic hot carriers. It also describes the mechanisms of hot electron transfer from the plasmonic metal to the surface adsorbates or to the adjacent semiconductors. In addition, this article highlights the applications of plasmonic hot electrons in photodetectors, photocatalysts, photoelectrochemical cells, photovoltaics, biosensors, and chemical sensors. It discusses the applications and the design principles of plasmonic materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Tang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Zhulin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Joeseph Bright
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6106, USA
| | - Guowen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Shi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9303, USA
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54
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Pelli Cresi JS, Silvagni E, Bertoni G, Spadaro MC, Benedetti S, Valeri S, D'Addato S, Luches P. Optical and electronic properties of silver nanoparticles embedded in cerium oxide. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:114704. [PMID: 32199417 DOI: 10.1063/1.5142528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wide bandgap oxides can be sensitized to visible light by coupling them with plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). We investigate the optical and electronic properties of composite materials made of Ag NPs embedded within cerium oxide layers of different thickness. The electronic properties of the materials are investigated by x-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, which demonstrates the occurrence of static charge transfers between the metal and the oxide and its dependence on the NP size. Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry measurements show that the materials have a strong absorption in the visible range induced by the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances. The plasmonic absorption band can be modified in shape and intensity by changing the NP aspect ratio and density and the thickness of the cerium oxide film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Stefano Pelli Cresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Informatiche e Matematiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Silvagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Informatiche e Matematiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertoni
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Spadaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Informatiche e Matematiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Benedetti
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Sergio Valeri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Informatiche e Matematiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Sergio D'Addato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche Informatiche e Matematiche, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Paola Luches
- Istituto Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via G. Campi 213/a, 41125 Modena, Italy
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55
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Lu TF, Wang YS, Tomko JA, Hopkins PE, Zhang HX, Prezhdo OV. Control of Charge Carrier Dynamics in Plasmonic Au Films by TiO x Substrate Stoichiometry. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1419-1427. [PMID: 32011143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic excitations in noble metals have many fascinating properties and give rise to a broad range of applications. We demonstrate, using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics combined with time-domain density functional theory, that the chemical composition and stoichiometry of substrates can have a strong influence on charge dynamics. By changing oxygen content in TiO2, including stoichiometric, oxygen rich, and oxygen poor phases, and Ti metal, one can alter lifetimes of charge carriers in Au by a factor of 5 and control the ratio of electron-to-hole relaxation rates by a factor of 10. Remarkably, a thin TiOx substrate greatly alters charge carrier properties in much thicker Au films. Such large variations stem from the fact that the Ti and O atoms are much lighter than Au, and their vibrations are much faster at dissipating the energy. The control over a particular charge carrier and an energy range depends on the Au and TiOx level alignment, and the interfacial interaction strength. These factors are easily influenced by the TiOx stoichiometry. In particular, oxygen rich and poor TiO2 can be used to control holes and electrons, respectively, while metallic Ti affects both charge carriers. The detailed atomistic analysis of the interfacial and electron-vibrational interactions generates the fundamental understanding of the properties of plasmonic materials needed to design photovoltaic, photocatalytic, optoelectronic, sensing, nanomedical, and other devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Fei Lu
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130023 , People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Yi-Siang Wang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - John A Tomko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
- Department of Physics , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , Virginia 22904 , United States
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry , Jilin University , Changchun 130023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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56
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Catone D, Di Mario L, Martelli F, O'Keeffe P, Paladini A, Stefano Pelli Cresi J, Sivan AK, Tian L, Toschi F, Turchini S. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy of semiconducting and plasmonic nanostructures and their hybrids. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 32:025703. [PMID: 32937606 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abb907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The knowledge of the carrier dynamics in nanostructures is of fundamental importance for the development of (opto)electronic devices. This is true for semiconducting nanostructures as well as for plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs). Indeed, improvement of photocatalytic efficiencies by combining semiconductor and plasmonic nanostructures is one of the reasons why their ultrafast dynamics are intensively studied. In this work, we will review our activity on ultrafast spectroscopy in nanostructures carried out in the recently established EuroFEL Support Laboratory. We have investigated the dynamical plasmonic responses of metal NPs both in solution and in 2D and 3D arrays on surfaces, with particular attention being paid to the effects of the NP shape and to the conversion of absorbed light into heat on a nano-localized scale. We will summarize the results obtained on the carrier dynamics in nanostructured perovskites with emphasis on the hot-carrier dynamics and in semiconductor nanosystems such as ZnSe and Si nanowires, with particular attention to the band-gap bleaching dynamics. Subsequently, the study of semiconductor-metal NP hybrids, such as CeO2-Ag NPs, ZnSe-Ag NPs and ZnSe-Au NPs, allows the discussion of interaction mechanisms such as charge carrier transfer and Förster interaction. Finally, we assess an alternative method for the sensitization of wide band gap semiconductors to visible light by discussing the relationship between the carrier dynamics of TiO2 NPs and V-doped TiO2 NPs and their catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Catone
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Mario
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Faustino Martelli
- CNR-IMM, Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata, 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrick O'Keeffe
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Paladini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Jacopo Stefano Pelli Cresi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Aswathi K Sivan
- CNR-IMM, Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata, 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lin Tian
- CNR-IMM, Area della Ricerca di Roma Tor Vergata, 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Toschi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Italy
| | - Stefano Turchini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Division of Ultrafast Processes in Materials (FLASHit), 100 Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 00133 Rome, Italy
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57
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Ma J, Gao S. Plasmon-Induced Electron-Hole Separation at the Ag/TiO 2(110) Interface. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13658-13667. [PMID: 31393703 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b03555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-induced electron-hole separation at metal-semiconductor interfaces is an essential step in photovoltaics, photochemistry, and optoelectronics. Despite its importance in fundamental understandings and technological applications, the mechanism and dynamics of the charge separation under plasmon excitations have not been well understood. Here, the plasmon-induced charge separation between a Ag20 nanocluster and a TiO2(110) surface is investigated using time-dependent density functional theory simulations. It is found that the charge separation dynamics consists of two processes: during the first 10 fs an initial charge separation resulting from the plasmon-electron coupling at the interface and a subsequent charge redistribution governed by the sloshing motion of the charge-transfer plasmon. The interplay between the two processes determines the charge separation and leads to the inhomogeneous layer-dependent distribution of hot carriers. The hot electrons are more efficient than the hot holes in the charge injection, resulting in the charge separation. Over 40% of the hot electron-hole pairs are separated spatially from the interface. Finally, the second TiO2 layer receives the most net charges from the Ag nanocluster rather than the interfacial layer. These results reveal the mechanism and dynamics of the charge separation driven by the surface plasmon excitation and have broad implications in plasmonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics and Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , China
| | - Shiwu Gao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193 , China
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58
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Sahu K, Dhonde M, Murty VVS. Efficiency of Solar Cells Based on Natural Dyes with Plasmonic Nanoparticle-Based Photo Anode. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219581x18500424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cheap and efficient dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) can be prepared using natural dyes responding in the visible region of solar spectrum. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) plays a very important role for the improvement in the efficiency of DSSCs by using Plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs) for exploiting the visible portion of the solar radiation by transferring the energy from dye to PNP. This energy transfers from dye to semiconductor TiO2 through PNP which increases the overall photo catalytic activity. In the present study, Al-doped TiO2 photoanodes were prepared via sol–gel route and used for DSSC application. Various natural and synthetic dyes are prepared and the optical transmittance and absorbance of the dyes are measured in the wavelength range of 250–850[Formula: see text]nm using UV-Vis spectroscopy and they are used in DSSC. Natural dyes extracted from fruits and synthetic dye based on Ruthenium (Ru) metal complex is used as sensitizers. Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells utilizing different dyes is compared. Out of the various natural dyes, beetroot and strawberry extracts based dyes show good absorbance in the visible range of electromagnetic spectrum. On the other hand, synthetic dyes based on Ru complex show strong absorbance over a wide range of visible spectrum. The absorbance increases with increase in concentration of Ru in ethanol. The extracts of beetroot, strawberry and mixed fruits show a peak in absorbance spectra at 501nm, 416nm and 332nm, respectively, indicating the absorption over a wide range of visible spectrum. Maximum efficiency of DSSCs utilizing PNPs sensitized with beetroot and strawberry dyes are found to be 1.5% and 1.3%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirti Sahu
- Department of Physics, Government Holkar Science College, M. P., India
| | - Mahesh Dhonde
- Department of Physics, Prestige Institute of Engineering Management & Research, M. P., India
| | - V. V. S. Murty
- Department of Physics, Government Holkar Science College, M. P., India
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59
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Gellé A, Jin T, de la Garza L, Price GD, Besteiro LV, Moores A. Applications of Plasmon-Enhanced Nanocatalysis to Organic Transformations. Chem Rev 2019; 120:986-1041. [PMID: 31725267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gellé
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Tony Jin
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Luis de la Garza
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gareth D. Price
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Lucas V. Besteiro
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
- Department of Materials Engineering, McGill University, 3610 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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60
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Zheng F, Wang LW. Ultrafast Hot Carrier Injection in Au/GaN: The Role of Band Bending and the Interface Band Structure. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6174-6183. [PMID: 31538792 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon photochemistry can potentially play a significant role in photocatalysis. To realize this potential, it is critical to enhance the plasmon excited hot carrier transfer and collection. However, the lack of atomistic understanding of the carrier transfer across the interface, especially when the carrier is still "hot", makes it challenging to design a more efficient system. In this work, we apply the nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation to study hot carrier dynamics in the system of a Au nanocluster on top of a GaN surface. By setting up the initial excited hole in Au, the carrier transfer from Au to GaN is found to be on a subpicosecond time scale. The hot hole first cools to the band edge of Au d-states while it transfers to GaN. After the hole has cooled down to the band edge of GaN, we find that some of the charges can return back to Au. By applying different external potentials to mimic the Schottky barrier band bending, the returning charge can be reduced, demonstrating the importance of the internal electric field. Finally, with the understanding of the carrier transfer's pathway, we suggest that a ZnO layer between GaN and Au can effectively block the "cold" carrier from returning back to Au but still allow the hot carrier to transfer from Au to GaN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zheng
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis and Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Lin-Wang Wang
- Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis and Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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61
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Bao JL, Carter EA. Surface-Plasmon-Induced Ammonia Decomposition on Copper: Excited-State Reaction Pathways Revealed by Embedded Correlated Wavefunction Theory. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9944-9957. [PMID: 31393708 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a promising hydrogen storage medium; however, its decomposition via conventional thermal catalysis requires a significant amount of thermal energy input in order to overcome the reaction barriers. Here, we use embedded correlated wavefunction (ECW) theory to quantify reaction pathways and energetics for ammonia decomposition (N-H bond dissociation and N2 and H2 associative desorption) on copper (Cu) nanoparticles using a Cu (111) surface model. We predict that surface plasmon excitations will be able to facilitate ammonia decomposition by substantially reducing the effective barriers along excited-state pathways. We estimate the reductions in reaction barriers for breaking the first N-H bond and for recombinative desorption of surface-bound nitrogen and hydrogen atoms to be approximately 1.7, 0.8, and 0.5 eV, respectively. Further, by using the experimental N2 desorption barrier as a reference, we compare the accuracy of various theoretical methods, including plane-wave Kohn-Sham density functional theory calculations with commonly used exchange-correlation functionals, embedded complete active space second-order perturbation theory, and embedded multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory. This work offers further confirmation that the ECW theoretical framework is the most robust for treating highly correlated local electronic structures of solids.
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62
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Wang Q, Domen K. Particulate Photocatalysts for Light-Driven Water Splitting: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Design Strategies. Chem Rev 2019; 120:919-985. [PMID: 31393702 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 741] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Solar-driven water splitting provides a leading approach to store the abundant yet intermittent solar energy and produce hydrogen as a clean and sustainable energy carrier. A straightforward route to light-driven water splitting is to apply self-supported particulate photocatalysts, which is expected to allow solar hydrogen to be competitive with fossil-fuel-derived hydrogen on a levelized cost basis. More importantly, the powder-based systems can lend themselves to making functional panels on a large scale while retaining the intrinsic activity of the photocatalyst. However, all attempts to generate hydrogen via powder-based solar water-splitting systems to date have unfortunately fallen short of the efficiency values required for practical applications. Photocatalysis on photocatalyst particles involves three sequential steps: (i) absorption of photons with higher energies than the bandgap of the photocatalysts, leading to the excitation of electron-hole pairs in the particles, (ii) charge separation and migration of these photoexcited carriers, and (iii) surface chemical reactions based on these carriers. In this review, we focus on the challenges of each step and summarize material design strategies to overcome the obstacles and limitations. This review illustrates that it is possible to employ the fundamental principles underlying photosynthesis and the tools of chemical and materials science to design and prepare photocatalysts for overall water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Kazunari Domen
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan.,Center for Energy & Environmental Science , Shinshu University , 4-17-1 Wakasato , Nagano-shi , Nagano 380-8553 , Japan
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63
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Bao JL, Carter EA. Rationalizing the Hot-Carrier-Mediated Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics for Ammonia Decomposition on Ruthenium-Doped Copper Nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13320-13323. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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64
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Mascaretti L, Dutta A, Kment Š, Shalaev VM, Boltasseva A, Zbořil R, Naldoni A. Plasmon-Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting for Efficient Renewable Energy Storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805513. [PMID: 30773753 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a promising approach for producing hydrogen without greenhouse gas emissions. Despite decades of unceasing efforts, the efficiency of PEC devices based on earth-abundant semiconductors is still limited by their low light absorption, low charge mobility, high charge-carrier recombination, and reduced diffusion length. Plasmonics has recently emerged as an effective approach for overcoming these limitations, although a full understanding of the involved physical mechanisms remains elusive. Here, the reported plasmonic effects are outlined, such as resonant energy transfer, scattering, hot electron injection, guided modes, and photonic effects, as well as the less investigated catalytic and thermal effects used in PEC water splitting. In each section, the fundamentals are reviewed and the most representative examples are discussed, illustrating possible future developments for achieving improved efficiency of plasmonic photoelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mascaretti
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Aveek Dutta
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Štěpán Kment
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir M Shalaev
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Alberto Naldoni
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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65
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Zhou X, Dong H. A Theoretical Perspective on Charge Separation and Transfer in Metal Oxide Photocatalysts for Water Splitting. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhou
- College of Environment and Chemical EngineeringDalian University No. 10 Xuefu Street Dalian Economic Technological Development Zone Dalian 116622, Liaoning P.R. China
| | - Hao Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringLiaoning Normal University No. 850 Huanghe Road Shahekou District Dalian 116029, Liaoning P.R. China
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66
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Pelli Cresi JS, Spadaro MC, D'Addato S, Valeri S, Benedetti S, Di Bona A, Catone D, Di Mario L, O'Keeffe P, Paladini A, Bertoni G, Luches P. Highly efficient plasmon-mediated electron injection into cerium oxide from embedded silver nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:10282-10291. [PMID: 31099368 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01390c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The coupling with plasmonic metal nanoparticles (NPs) represents a promising opportunity to sensitize wide band gap oxides to visible light. The processes which come into play after the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in the NPs largely determine the efficiency of the charge/energy transfer from the metal NP to the oxide. We report a study of plasmon-mediated energy transfer from mass-selected silver NPs into the cerium oxide matrix in which they are embedded. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is used to probe the dynamics of charge carrier relaxation after the excitation of the LSPR of the silver nanoparticles and to evaluate the plasmon-mediated electron transfer efficiency from the silver nanoparticles to the cerium oxide. High injection efficiencies in the 6-16% range have been identified for excitation between 400 and 600 nm. These high values have been explained in terms of plasmon-mediated direct electron injection as well as indirect hot electron injection from the NPs to the oxide. The information obtained provides an important contribution towards a knowledge-driven design of efficient cerium oxide based nanostructured materials for solar to chemical energy conversion.
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67
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Zhang J, Guan M, Lischner J, Meng S, Prezhdo OV. Coexistence of Different Charge-Transfer Mechanisms in the Hot-Carrier Dynamics of Hybrid Plasmonic Nanomaterials. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:3187-3193. [PMID: 30995064 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Hot-carrier dynamics at the interfaces of semiconductors and nanoclusters is of significant importance for photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. Plasmon-driven charge separation processes are considered to be only dependent on the type of donor-acceptor interactions, that is, the conventional hot-electron-transfer mechanism for van der Waals interactions and the plasmon-induced interfacial charge-transfer transition mechanism for chemical bonds. Here, we demonstrate that the two mechanisms can coexist in a nanoparticle-semiconductor hybrid nanomaterial, both leading to faster transfer than carrier relaxation. The origin of the two mechanisms is attributed to the spatial polarization of the excited hot carriers, where the longitudinal state couples to semiconductors more strongly than the transverse state. Our findings provide a new insight into the photoinduced carrier dynamics, which is relevant for many applications in solar energy conversion, including efficient water splitting, photocatalysis, and photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- Departments of Materials and Physics and the Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Mengxue Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Johannes Lischner
- Departments of Materials and Physics and the Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , P.R. China
- School of Physical Sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P.R. China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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68
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Pilar de Lara-Castells M, Hauser AW, Ramallo-López JM, Buceta D, Giovanetti LJ, López-Quintela MA, Requejo FG. Increasing the optical response of TiO 2 and extending it into the visible region through surface activation with highly stable Cu 5 clusters. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2019; 7:7489-7500. [PMID: 31007927 PMCID: PMC6438356 DOI: 10.1039/c9ta00994a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The decoration of semiconductors with subnanometer-sized clusters of metal atoms can have a strong impact on the optical properties of the support. The changes induced differ greatly from effects known for their well-studied, metallic counterparts in the nanometer range. In this work, we study the deposition of Cu5 clusters on a TiO2 surface and investigate their influence on the photon-absorption properties of TiO2 nanoparticles via the computational modeling of a decorated rutile TiO2 (110) surface. Our findings are further supported by selected experiments using diffuse reflectance and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Cu5 cluster donates an electron to TiO2, leading to the formation of a small polaron Ti3+ 3d1 state and depopulation of Cu(3d) orbitals, successfully explaining the absorption spectroscopy measurements at the K-edge of copper. A monolayer of highly stable and well fixated Cu5 clusters is formed, which not only enhances the overall absorption, but also extends the absorption profile into the visible region of the solar spectrum via direct photo-induced electron transfer and formation of a charge-separated state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas W Hauser
- Graz University of Technology , Institute of Experimental Physics , Petersgasse 16 , 8010 Graz , Austria .
| | - José M Ramallo-López
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) , CONICET , Dto. de Química , Fac. de Ciencias Exactas , UNLP , Argentina
| | - David Buceta
- Lab. Nanomag , Instituto de Investigaciones Tecnológicas , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Lisandro J Giovanetti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) , CONICET , Dto. de Química , Fac. de Ciencias Exactas , UNLP , Argentina
| | - M Arturo López-Quintela
- Lab. Nanomag , Instituto de Investigaciones Tecnológicas , Universidad de Santiago de Compostela , E-15782 Santiago de Compostela , Spain .
| | - Félix G Requejo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA) , CONICET , Dto. de Química , Fac. de Ciencias Exactas , UNLP , Argentina
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69
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Dutta A, Naldoni A, Malara F, Govorov AO, Shalaev VM, Boltasseva A. Gap-plasmon enhanced water splitting with ultrathin hematite films: the role of plasmonic-based light trapping and hot electrons. Faraday Discuss 2019; 214:283-295. [PMID: 30821797 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00148k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen is a promising alternative renewable fuel for meeting the growing energy demands of the world. Over the past few decades, photoelectrochemical water splitting has been widely studied as a viable technology for the production of hydrogen utilizing solar energy. A solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 10% is considered to be sufficient for practical applications. Amongst the wide class of semiconductors that have been studied for their application in solar water splitting, iron oxide (α-Fe2O3), or hematite, is one of the more promising candidate materials, with a theoretical STH efficiency of 15%. In this work, we show experimentally that by utilizing gold nanostructures that support gap-plasmon resonances together with a hematite layer, we can increase the water oxidation photocurrent by two times over that demonstrated by a bare hematite film at wavelengths above the hematite bandgap. Moreover, we achieve a six-fold increase in the oxidation photocurrent at near-infrared wavelengths, which is attributed to hot electron generation and decay in the gap-plasmon nanostructures. Theoretical simulations confirmed that the metamaterial geometry with gap plasmons that was used allows us to confine electromagnetic fields inside the hematite semiconductor and to enhance the surface photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aveek Dutta
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, IN-47907, USA. and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
| | - Alberto Naldoni
- Regional Center for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Olomouc-78371, Czech Republic.
| | - Francesco Malara
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Molecolari, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander O Govorov
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens OH-45701, USA
| | - Vladimir M Shalaev
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, IN-47907, USA. and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
| | - Alexandra Boltasseva
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, IN-47907, USA. and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN-47907, USA
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70
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Li X, Yu J, Jaroniec M, Chen X. Cocatalysts for Selective Photoreduction of CO2 into Solar Fuels. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3962-4179. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1094] [Impact Index Per Article: 218.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Key Laboratory of Energy Plants Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Jiaguo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Material Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri—Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, United States
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71
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Plasmon-Induced Electrocatalysis with Multi-Component Nanostructures. MATERIALS 2018; 12:ma12010043. [PMID: 30586856 PMCID: PMC6337250 DOI: 10.3390/ma12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal nanostructures are exceptional light absorbing systems, in which electron–hole pairs can be formed and used as “hot” charge carriers for catalytic applications. The main goal of the emerging field of plasmon-induced catalysis is to design a novel way of finely tuning the activity and selectivity of heterogeneous catalysts. The designed strategies for the preparation of plasmonic nanomaterials for catalytic systems are highly crucial to achieve improvement in the performance of targeted catalytic reactions and processes. While there is a growing number of composite materials for photochemical processes-mediated by hot charge carriers, the reports on plasmon-enhanced electrochemical catalysis and their investigated reactions are still scarce. This review provides a brief overview of the current understanding of the charge flow within plasmon-enhanced electrochemically active nanostructures and their synthetic methods. It is intended to shed light on the recent progress achieved in the synthesis of multi-component nanostructures, in particular for the plasmon-mediated electrocatalysis of major fuel-forming and fuel cell reactions.
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72
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Zhang Q, Jin X, Xu Z, Zhang J, Rendón UF, Razzari L, Chaker M, Ma D. Plasmonic Au-Loaded Hierarchical Hollow Porous TiO 2 Spheres: Synergistic Catalysts for Nitroaromatic Reduction. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5317-5326. [PMID: 30153727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic Au nanoparticle (NP)-loaded hierarchical hollow porous TiO2 spheres are designed and synthesized with the purpose of enhancing the overall catalytic activity by introducing the Au plasmonic effect into the system, where Au NPs themselves are catalytically active. The constructed nanohybrid exhibits both high activity in 4-nitrophenol reduction, compared to all of the previously reported Au-based catalysts, and high selectivity. The synergy of the inherent catalytic property of Au NPs and the plasmonic effect (mainly via hot electron transfer) under irradiation is confirmed by a series of control experiments. The specifically designed, porous hollow structure also greatly contributes to the good catalytic activity because it provides a large surface area, facilitates reactant adsorption, and hinders charge recombination. In addition, theoretical calculations reveal that such a structure also leads to an increase in light absorption of about 21% in the range of 400-800 nm with respect to a uniform water-TiO2 background featuring the same filling factor. This work provides insight into the rational design of plasmon-enhanced catalysts that will show their versatility in various electro-/photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhe Zhang
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Université du Québec , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Xin Jin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Université du Québec , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Zhenhe Xu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Université du Québec , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
- College of Applied Chemistry , Shenyang University of Chemical Technology , Shenyang 110142 , China
| | - Jianming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013 , China
| | - Ulises F Rendón
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Université du Québec , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Luca Razzari
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Université du Québec , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Mohamed Chaker
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Université du Québec , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
| | - Dongling Ma
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Centre Énergie Materiaux et Télécommunications , Université du Québec , 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet , Varennes , Québec J3X 1S2 , Canada
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73
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Wang H, Ming S, Zhang L, Li X, Li W, Bo Z. A simple strategy to achieve shape control of Au-Cu 2-xS colloidal heterostructured nanocrystals and their preliminary use in organic photovoltaics. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11745-11749. [PMID: 29916503 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03928c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Au-Cu2-xS Janus nanostructures with a shape-controlled semiconductor part are successfully built. The key parameters for controlling the morphology of Cu2-xS in Au-Cu2-xS are demonstrated. Coupled local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties in these Au-Cu2-xS NCs give them potential for application in polymer solar cells (PSCs) as an efficient dopant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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74
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Zhang Z, Liu L, Fang WH, Long R, Tokina MV, Prezhdo OV. Plasmon-Mediated Electron Injection from Au Nanorods into MoS2: Traditional versus Photoexcitation Mechanism. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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75
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76
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He J, Vasenko AS, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Halide Composition Controls Electron-Hole Recombination in Cesium-Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots: A Time Domain Ab Initio Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1872-1879. [PMID: 29595268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that halide content strongly affects nonradiative electron-hole recombination in all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots (QDs). Using time domain density functional theory and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we show that replacing half of the bromines with iodines in a CsPbBr3 QD extends the charge carrier lifetime by a factor of 5, while complete replacement extends the lifetime by a factor of 8. Doping with iodines decreases the nonadiabatic charge-phonon coupling because iodines are heavier and slower than bromines and because the overlap between the electron and hole wave functions is reduced. In general, the nonradiative electron-hole recombination proceeds slowly, on a nanosecond time scale, due to small sub-1 meV nonadiabatic coupling and short sub-10 fs coherence times. The obtained recombination times and their dependence on the halogen content show excellent agreement with experiments. Our study suggests that the power conversion efficiencies of solar cells can be controlled by changing the halide composition in all-inorganic perovskite QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlu He
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Andrey S Vasenko
- National Research University Higher School of Economics , 101000 Moscow , Russia
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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77
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Zhang Z, Fang WH, Tokina MV, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Rapid Decoherence Suppresses Charge Recombination in Multi-Layer 2D Halide Perovskites: Time-Domain Ab Initio Analysis. NANO LETTERS 2018. [PMID: 29533630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper halide perovskites are appealing candidates for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Nonradiative electron-hole recombination constitutes a major pathway for charge and energy losses in these materials. Surprisingly, experimental recombination is slower in multilayers than a monolayer, even though multilayer systems have smaller energy gaps and higher frequency phonons that should accelerate the recombination. Focusing on (BA)2(MA) n-1Pb nI3 n+1 with n = 1 and 3, BA = CH3(CH2)3NH3, and MA = CH3NH3, we show that it is the enhancement of elastic electron-phonon scattering that suppresses charge recombination for n = 3, by causing rapid loss of electronic coherence. The scattering is enhanced in the multilayer 2D perovskites because, in contrast to the monolayer, they contain MA cations embedded into the inorganic Pb-I lattice. Although MAs do not contribute directly to electron and hole wave functions, they perturb the Pb-I lattice and create strong electric fields that interact with the charges. The rapid loss of coherence explains long excited state lifetimes that extend into nanoseconds. Both electron-hole recombination and coherence times show excellent agreement with the corresponding lifetime and line width measurements. The simulations rationalize the observed dependence of excited state lifetime in 2D layered halide perovskites on layer thickness and advance our understanding of the atomistic mechanisms underlying charge-phonon dynamics in nanoscale materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Marina V Tokina
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , 100875 , P. R. China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089 , United States
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78
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Tan S, Dai Y, Zhang S, Liu L, Zhao J, Petek H. Coherent Electron Transfer at the Ag/Graphite Heterojunction Interface. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:126801. [PMID: 29694071 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.126801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer in transduction of light to electrical or chemical energy at heterojunctions of metals with semiconductors or semimetals is believed to occur by photogenerated hot electrons in metal undergoing incoherent internal photoemission through the heterojunction interface. Charge transfer, however, can also occur coherently by dipole coupling of electronic bands at the heterojunction interface. Microscopic physical insights into how transfer occurs can be elucidated by following the coherent polarization of the donor and acceptor states on the time scale of electronic dephasing. By time-resolved multiphoton photoemission spectroscopy (MPP), we investigate the coherent electron transfer from an interface state that forms upon chemisorption of Ag nanoclusters onto graphite to a σ symmetry interlayer band of graphite. Multidimensional MPP spectroscopy reveals a resonant two-photon transition, which dephases within 10 fs completing the coherent transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijing Tan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yanan Dai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Shengmin Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Liming Liu
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, and Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hrvoje Petek
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Quantum Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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79
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Liu L, Fang WH, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Lewis Base Passivation of Hybrid Halide Perovskites Slows Electron-Hole Recombination: Time-Domain Ab Initio Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1164-1171. [PMID: 29461842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonradiative electron-hole recombination plays a key role in determining photon conversion efficiencies in solar cells. Experiments demonstrate significant reduction in the recombination rate upon passivation of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite with Lewis base molecules. Using nonadiabatic molecular dynamics combined with time-domain density functional theory, we find that the nonradiative charge recombination is decelerated by an order of magnitude upon adsorption of the molecules. Thiophene acts by the traditional passivation mechanism, forcing electron density away from the surface. In contrast, pyridine localizes the electron at the surface while leaving it energetically near the conduction band edge. This is because pyridine creates a stronger coordinative bond with a lead atom of the perovskite and has a lower energy unoccupied orbital compared with thiophene due to the more electronegative nitrogen atom relative to thiophene's sulfur. Both molecules reduce two-fold the nonadiabatic coupling and electronic coherence time. A broad range of vibrational modes couple to the electronic subsystem, arising from inorganic and organic components. The simulations reveal the atomistic mechanisms underlying the enhancement of the excited-state lifetime achieved by the perovskite passivation, rationalize the experimental results, and advance our understanding of charge-phonon dynamics in perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Run Long
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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80
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Yan L, Xu J, Wang F, Meng S. Plasmon-Induced Ultrafast Hydrogen Production in Liquid Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:63-69. [PMID: 29220189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen gas production from solar water splitting provides a renewable energy cycle to address the grand global energy challenge; however, its dynamics and fundamental mechanism remain elusive. We directly explore by first-principles the ultrafast electron-nuclear quantum dynamics on the time scale of ∼100 fs during water photosplitting on a plasmonic cluster embedded in liquid water. Water molecule splitting is assisted by rapid proton transport in liquid water in a Grotthuss-like mechanism. We identify that a plasmon-induced field enhancement effect dominates water splitting, while charge transfer from gold to the antibonding orbital of a water molecule also plays an important role. "Chain-reaction" like rapid H2 production is observed via the combination of two hydrogen atoms from different water molecules. These results provide a route toward a complete understanding of water photosplitting in the ultimate time and spatial limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiyu Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Fangwei Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Quantum Matter , Beijing 100190, China
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81
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You X, Ramakrishna S, Seideman T. Origin of Plasmon Lineshape and Enhanced Hot Electron Generation in Metal Nanoparticles. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:141-145. [PMID: 29256610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-generated hot carriers are currently being studied intensively for their role in enhancing the efficiency of photovoltaic and photocatalytic processes. Theoretical studies of the hot electrons subsystem have generated insight, but we show that a unified quantum-mechanical treatment of the plasmon and hot electrons reveals new physical phenomena. Instead of a unidirectional energy transfer process in Landau damping, back energy transfer is predicted in small metal nanoparticles (MNPs) within a model-Hamiltonian approach. As a result, the single Lorentzian plasmonic line shape is modulated by a multipeak structure, whose individual line width provides a direct way to probe the electronic dephasing. More importantly, the hot electron generation can be enhanced greatly by matching the incident energy to the peaks of the modulated line shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan You
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - S Ramakrishna
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Tamar Seideman
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics and ‡Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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82
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Nijamudheen A, Akimov AV. Criticality of Symmetry in Rational Design of Chalcogenide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:248-257. [PMID: 29275636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide perovskites constitute an emerging class of promising photovoltaic materials that are stable and less toxic than popular lead-halide perovskites. Transition-metal and chalcogenide doping are the possible strategies for improving the photovoltaic properties of these materials via the band gap engineering. At the same time, doping can facilitate nonradiative charge-carrier recombination in these materials, adversely affecting their photovoltaic properties. We report a systematic study of electronic structure and nonadiabatic dynamics in transition-metal- and chalcogenide-doped barium-zirconium-sulfide-based perovskites. The potential of these doping strategies to modulate the performance of photovoltaic materials is explored. Through the detailed analysis of the factors affecting the dynamics, we illustrate how symmetry (both structural and orbital) and decoherence can be critical to furnishing the most favorable properties. The noted factors of symmetry and decoherence may provide new rational design principles for efficient photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nijamudheen
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Alexey V Akimov
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York , Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
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83
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Disordered photonics coupled with embedded nano-Au plasmonics inducing efficient photocurrent enhancement. Talanta 2018; 176:428-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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84
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Kawamura G, Arai T, Muto H, Matsuda A. Charge behavior in a plasmonic photocatalyst composed of Au and TiO2. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy00120k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Redox reaction sites on a Au nanoparticle-deposited TiO2 (Au/TiO2) plasmonic photocatalyst are visualized using a chemical microanalytical technique for investigating charge behaviors in Au/TiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Kawamura
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - T. Arai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - H. Muto
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
| | - A. Matsuda
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering
- Toyohashi University of Technology
- Toyohashi
- Japan
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85
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Yang Y, Fang WH, Long R. Disparity in Photoexcitation Dynamics between Vertical and Lateral MoS 2/WSe 2 Heterojunctions: Time-Domain Simulation Emphasizes the Importance of Donor-Acceptor Interaction and Band Alignment. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5771-5778. [PMID: 29129078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) heterojunctions are appealing candidates for optoelectronics and photovoltaics. Using time-domain density functional theory combined with nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics, we show that photoexcitation dynamics exhibit a significant difference in the vertical and lateral MoS2/WSe2 heterojunctions arising from the disparity in the donor-acceptor interaction and fundamental band alignment. The obtained electron transfer time scale in the vertical heterojunction shows excellent agreement with experiment. Hole transfer proceeds 1.5 times slower. The electron-hole recombination is 3 orders of magnitude longer than the charge separation, which favors solar cell applications. On the contrary, the lateral heterojunction shows no band offsets steering charge separation. The excited electron is localized at the interface that attracts holes to form an exciton-like state due to Coulomb interaction, suggesting potential applications in light-emitting devices. The coupled electron and hole wave functions increase NA coupling and the coherence time, accelerating electron-hole recombination by a factor of 3 compared with the vertical case. The atomistic studies advance our understanding of the photoinduced charge-phonon dynamics in TMDs heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Yang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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86
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Zhang Y, He S, Guo W, Hu Y, Huang J, Mulcahy JR, Wei WD. Surface-Plasmon-Driven Hot Electron Photochemistry. Chem Rev 2017; 118:2927-2954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 730] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Shuai He
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Wenxiao Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Justin R. Mulcahy
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Wei David Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Catalysis, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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87
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Xiang B, Li Y, Pham CH, Paesani F, Xiong W. Ultrafast direct electron transfer at organic semiconductor and metal interfaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1701508. [PMID: 29159282 PMCID: PMC5694661 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control direct electron transfer can facilitate the development of new molecular electronics, light-harvesting materials, and photocatalysis. However, control of direct electron transfer has been rarely reported, and the molecular conformation-electron dynamics relationships remain unclear. We describe direct electron transfer at buried interfaces between an organic polymer semiconductor film and a gold substrate by observing the first dynamical electric field-induced vibrational sum frequency generation (VSFG). In transient electric field-induced VSFG measurements on this system, we observe dynamical responses (<150 fs) that depend on photon energy and polarization, demonstrating that electrons are directly transferred from the Fermi level of gold to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of organic semiconductor. Transient spectra further reveal that, although the interfaces are prepared without deliberate alignment control, a subensemble of surface molecules can adopt conformations for direct electron transfer. Density functional theory calculations support the experimental results and ascribe the observed electron transfer to a flat-lying polymer configuration in which electronic orbitals are found to be delocalized across the interface. The present observation of direct electron transfer at complex interfaces and the insights gained into the relationship between molecular conformations and electron dynamics will have implications for implementing novel direct electron transfer in energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093–0418, USA
| | - Yingmin Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093–0418, USA
| | - C. Huy Pham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093–0358, USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093–0418, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093–0358, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093–0418, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093–0358, USA
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88
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Schwanen V, Remacle F. Photoinduced Ultrafast Charge Transfer and Charge Migration in Small Gold Clusters Passivated by a Chromophoric Ligand. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:5672-5681. [PMID: 28805392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Because the development of attopulses, charge migration induced by short optical pulses has been extensively investigated. We report a computational purely electronic dynamical study of ultrafast few femtoseconds (fs) charge transfer and charge migration in realistic passivated stoichiometric Au11 and Au20 gold nanoclusters functionalized by a bipyridine ligand. We show that a net significant amount of electronic charge (0.1 to 0.4 |e| where |e| is the electron charge) is permanently transferred from the bipyridine chromophore to the gold cluster during the short 5-6 fs UV-vis strong pulse. This electron transfer to the metallic core is induced by the optical excitation of electronic states with a partial charge transfer character involving the chromophore before the onset of nuclei motion. In addition, the photoexcitation by the strong fs pulse builds a nonequilibrium electronic density that beats between the chromophore and the metallic core around the average of the transferred value. Modular systems made of a donor chromophore that can be photoexcited in the UV-vis range coupled to an efficient acceptor that could trap the charge are of interest for applications to nanodevices. Our study provides understanding on the very early, purely electronic dynamics built by the fs optical excitation and the initial charge separation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Schwanen
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, UR MOLSYS, University of Liège , B4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Francoise Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, UR MOLSYS, University of Liège , B4000 Liège, Belgium
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89
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Zhu X, Jin C, Li XS, Liu JL, Sun ZG, Shi C, Li X, Zhu AM. Photocatalytic Formaldehyde Oxidation over Plasmonic Au/TiO2 under Visible Light: Moisture Indispensability and Light Enhancement. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Zhu
- Laboratory
of Plasma Physical Chemistry, Center for Hydrogen Energy and Environmental
Catalysis, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Can Jin
- Laboratory
of Plasma Physical Chemistry, Center for Hydrogen Energy and Environmental
Catalysis, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiao-Song Li
- Laboratory
of Plasma Physical Chemistry, Center for Hydrogen Energy and Environmental
Catalysis, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jing-Lin Liu
- Laboratory
of Plasma Physical Chemistry, Center for Hydrogen Energy and Environmental
Catalysis, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Sun
- Laboratory
of Plasma Physical Chemistry, Center for Hydrogen Energy and Environmental
Catalysis, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chuan Shi
- Laboratory
of Plasma Physical Chemistry, Center for Hydrogen Energy and Environmental
Catalysis, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xingguo Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science (BNLMS), College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ai-Min Zhu
- Laboratory
of Plasma Physical Chemistry, Center for Hydrogen Energy and Environmental
Catalysis, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
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90
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Wang S, Gao Y, Miao S, Liu T, Mu L, Li R, Fan F, Li C. Positioning the Water Oxidation Reaction Sites in Plasmonic Photocatalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11771-11778. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b04470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuying Gao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | | | - Linchao Mu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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91
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Wei Y, Li L, Fang W, Long R, Prezhdo OV. Weak Donor-Acceptor Interaction and Interface Polarization Define Photoexcitation Dynamics in the MoS 2/TiO 2 Composite: Time-Domain Ab Initio Simulation. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:4038-4046. [PMID: 28586230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To realize the full potential of transition metal dichalcogenides interfaced with bulk semiconductors for solar energy applications, fast photoinduced charge separation, and slow electron-hole recombination are needed. Using a combination of time-domain density functional theory with nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that the key features of the electron transfer (ET), energy relaxation and electron-hole recombination in a MoS2-TiO2 system are governed by the weak van der Waals interfacial interaction and interface polarization. Electric fields formed at the interface allow charge separation to happen already during the photoexcitation process. Those electrons that still reside inside MoS2, transfer into TiO2 slowly and by the nonadiabatic mechanism, due to weak donor-acceptor coupling. The ET time depends on excitation energy, because the TiO2 state density grows with energy, increasing the nonadiabatic transfer rate, and because MoS2 sulfur atoms start to contribute to the photoexcited state at higher energies, increasing the coupling. The ET is slower than electron-phonon energy relaxation because the donor-acceptor coupling is weak, rationalizing the experimentally observed injection of primarily hot electrons. The weak van der Waals MoS2-TiO2 interaction ensures a long-lived charge separated state and a short electron-hole coherence time. The injection is promoted primarily by phonons within the 200-800 cm-1 range. Higher frequency modes are particularly important for the electron-hole recombinations, because they are able to accept large amounts of electronic energy. The predicted time scales for the forward and backward ET, and energy relaxation can be measured by time-resolved spectroscopies. The reported simulations generate a detailed time-domain atomistic description of the complex interplay of the charge and energy transfer processes at the MoS2/TiO2 interface that are of fundamental importance to photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications. The results suggest that even though the photogenerated charge-separated state is long-lived, the slower charge separation, compared to the electron-phonon energy relaxation, can present problems in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqing Wei
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Linqiu Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Weihai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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92
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Sarina S, Jaatinen E, Xiao Q, Huang YM, Christopher P, Zhao JC, Zhu HY. Photon Energy Threshold in Direct Photocatalysis with Metal Nanoparticles: Key Evidence from the Action Spectrum of the Reaction. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:2526-2534. [PMID: 28524660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
By investigating the action spectra (the relationship between the irradiation wavelength and apparent quantum efficiency of reactions under constant irradiance) of a number of reactions catalyzed by nanoparticles including plasmonic metals, nonplasmonic metals, and their alloys at near-ambient temperatures, we found that a photon energy threshold exists in each photocatalytic reaction; only photons with sufficient energy (e.g., higher than the energy level of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals) can initiate the reactions. This energy alignment (and the photon energy threshold) is determined by various factors, including the wavelength and intensity of irradiation, molecule structure, reaction temperature, and so forth. Hence, distinct action spectra were observed in the same type of reaction catalyzed by the same catalyst due to a different substituent group, a slightly changed reaction temperature. These results indicate that photon-electron excitations, instead of the photothermal effect, play a dominant role in direct photocatalysis of metal nanoparticles for many reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarina Sarina
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Esa Jaatinen
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Qi Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing , Bayview Avenue, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Yi Ming Huang
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Philip Christopher
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jin Cai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huai Yong Zhu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
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93
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Christopher P, Moskovits M. Hot Charge Carrier Transmission from Plasmonic Nanostructures. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2017; 68:379-398. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-044948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Christopher
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Martin Moskovits
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106
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94
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Long R, Prezhdo OV, Fang W. Nonadiabatic charge dynamics in novel solar cell materials. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P.R. China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Weihai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education Beijing Normal University Beijing P.R. China
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95
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Nasirpouri F, Peighambardoust PSMNS, Samardak A, Ognev A, Korochentsev V, Osmushko I, Binions R. Structural Defect-Induced Bandgap Narrowing in Dopant-Free Anodic TiO2
Nanotubes. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201700038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Nasirpouri
- Faculty of Materials Engineering; Sahand University of Technology; Tabriz 51335-1996 Iran
| | | | - Alexander Samardak
- School of Natural sciences; Far Eastern Federal University; Vladivostok Russia
| | - Alexey Ognev
- School of Natural sciences; Far Eastern Federal University; Vladivostok Russia
| | | | - Ivan Osmushko
- School of Natural sciences; Far Eastern Federal University; Vladivostok Russia
| | - Russell Binions
- School of Engineering and Materials Science; Queen Mary University of London (UK)
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96
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Long R, Casanova D, Fang WH, Prezhdo OV. Donor–Acceptor Interaction Determines the Mechanism of Photoinduced Electron Injection from Graphene Quantum Dots into TiO2: π-Stacking Supersedes Covalent Bonding. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2619-2629. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b09598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea,
Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea and Donostia International Physics Center, 20018 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque
Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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97
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Meng L, Zhang Y, Yam C. Multiscale Study of Plasmonic Scattering and Light Trapping Effect in Silicon Nanowire Array Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:571-575. [PMID: 28076951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanometallic structures that support surface plasmons provide new ways to confine light at deep-subwavelength scales. The effect of light scattering in nanowire array solar cells is studied by a multiscale approach combining classical electromagnetic (EM) and quantum mechanical simulations. A photovoltaic device is constructed by integrating a silicon nanowire array with a plasmonic silver nanosphere. The light scatterings by plasmonic element and nanowire array are obtained via classical EM simulations, while current-voltage characteristics and optical properties of the nanowire cells are evaluated quantum mechanically. We found that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of photovoltaic device is substantially improved due to the local field enhancement of the plasmonic effect and light trapping by the nanowire array. In addition, we showed that there exists an optimal nanowire number density in terms of optical confinement and solar cell PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center , Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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98
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Bärtsch M, Niederberger M. The Role of Interfaces in Heterostructures. Chempluschem 2017; 82:42-59. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Bärtsch
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials; Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials; Department of Materials; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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99
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Long R, Prezhdo OV. Time-Domain ab Initio Modeling of Electron-Phonon Relaxation in High-Temperature Cuprate Superconductors. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:193-198. [PMID: 27982592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Superconducting pairing due to electron-phonon coupling is investigated in recent pump-probe experiments. Combining time-dependent density functional theory and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we report the first direct modeling of such experiments and show how the electron-phonon relaxation depends on chemical bonding, electron-phonon coupling, and electronic state density. The relaxation rate is determined primarily by the nonadiabatic charge-phonon coupling strength, which in turn depends on the strength of chemical interactions between the key atoms, reflected in the wave function delocalization. The differences in the electronic density of states constitute the secondary factor. Having obtained good agreement with the experimental data on YBa2Cu3O6.5, we predict that the relaxation slows if Y is replaced with Sc or Ba with Sr, while the relaxation accelerates if O is replaced with S, indicating that YBa2Cu3S6.5 can exhibit improved superconducting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, PR China
- School of Physics, Complex & Adaptive System Lab, University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics, and Astronomy, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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100
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Ma Z, Lin S, Sa R, Li Q, Wu K. A comprehensive understanding of water photooxidation on Ag3PO4 surfaces. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02853a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic study of the mechanism of OER on Ag3PO4 surfaces by combining hybrid DFT calculations and first principles thermodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuju Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Sen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Rongjian Sa
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Qiaohong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
| | - Kechen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou 350002
- China
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