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52
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Zhu Y, Jin T, Lian T, Egap E. Enhancing the efficiency of semiconducting quantum dot photocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization by ligand shell engineering. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204903. [PMID: 34241152 DOI: 10.1063/5.0051893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Manipulating the ligand shell of semiconducting quantum dots (QDs) has proven to be a promising strategy to enhance their photocatalytic performance for small molecule transformations, such as H2 evolution and CO2 reduction. However, ligand-controlled catalysis for macromolecules, which differ from small molecules in penetrability and charge transfer behavior due to their bulky sizes, still remains undiscovered. Here, we systematically investigate the role of surface ligands in the photocatalytic performance of cadmium selenide (CdSe) QDs in light-induced atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) by using thiol-based ligands with various polarities and chain lengths. A highly enhanced polymerization efficiency was observed when 3-mercapto propionic acid (MPA), a short-chain and polar ligand, was used to modify the CdSe QDs' surface, achieving high chain-end fidelity, good temporal control, and a dispersity of 1.18, while also tolerating a wide-range of functional monomers ranging from acrylates to methacrylates and fluorinated monomers. Transient absorption spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence studies reveal interesting mechanistic details of electron and hole transfers from the excited QDs to the initiators and 3-MPA capping ligands, respectively, providing key mechanistic insight of these ligand controlled and QD photocatalyzed ATRP processes. The thiolate ligands were found to serve as an efficient hole acceptor for QDs, which facilitates the formation of a charge-separated state, followed by electron transfer from the conduction band edge to initiators and ultimately suppressing charge recombination within the QD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Nebraska, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive Nebraska, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Eilaf Egap
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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53
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Matsuo K, Toda N, Aratani N, Yamada H. Synthesis and Properties of the Doubly Oxonium-Embedded Picenes as Electron-Deficient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Org Lett 2021; 23:3986-3990. [PMID: 33970652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The doubly oxonium-embedded picenes have been synthesized for the first time. They have a rigid planar electron-deficient core and are stabilized by the pyrylium aromaticity. The doping positions of oxygen atoms influenced their electrochemical and optoelectronic properties because of the different charge distributions in the skeletons. The donor-acceptor-donor-type molecules baring electron-donating triphenylamine moieties exhibited intramolecular charge-transfer absorption at the visible regions, indicating the large impact of the substituents on their electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Matsuo
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Natsuki Toda
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naoki Aratani
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Yamada
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama-cho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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54
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Sun H, Yang M, Pu S, Gou L, Lv C, He J, Hou X, Xu K. A facile photochemical strategy for the synthesis of high-performance amorphous MoS 2 nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2830-2836. [PMID: 36134189 PMCID: PMC9419246 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00165e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to avoid the formation of polysulfides by traditional chemical methods, and the synthesis of high purity amorphous MoS2 nanomaterials under ambient conditions is still a challenging task. Here we present a new and facile photochemical strategy for the synthesis of amorphous MoS2 nanomaterials, which is achieved by irradiating a mixed solution containing ammonium molybdate, formic acid and sodium sulfide simply with a Xe lamp for 3 min. The mechanism study reveals that the key step in this synthesis is the photolysis of formic acid to produce free radicals which can rapidly reduce Mo6+ to Mo4+, which then combines with S2- to form MoS2 and inhibits the formation of S-S2- by preventing S2- from participating in the reduction reaction. In addition, the results of a series of experiments indicate that the as-prepared amorphous MoS2 features a small particle size, uniform morphology and relatively large specific surface area, and shows excellent performance in the removal of inorganic heavy metal ions (mercury, lead and cadmium ions) and organic pollutants (rhodamine B and tetracycline), catalase catalysis and a lithium battery anode, showing its great potential and broad application prospects in the fields of environmental remediation, clean energy and green catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Manlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Shan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Lichen Gou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Caizhi Lv
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Juan He
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
| | - Kailai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan 610064 China
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55
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Yang X, Gitter SR, Roessler AG, Zimmerman PM, Boydston AJ. An Ion‐Pairing Approach to Stereoselective Metal‐Free Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Allison G. Roessler
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Chemistry Oglethorpe University Atlanta GA 30319 USA
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
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56
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Zhang X, Jiang Y, Ma Q, Hu S, Liao S. Metal-Free Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers with Strict Temporal Control by Employing an Organophotocatalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6357-6362. [PMID: 33900068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
By virtue of spatiotemporal control over the chain propagating, visible-light-regulated organocatalytic photoredox cationic polymerization provides an appealing approach for the construction of metal-free, well-defined polymers and materials. However, so far, organic photocatalysts capable of mediated cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers are quite limited, and the photocontrol or efficiency is often eroded due to the difficulty in achieving a good activation-deactivation balance, which is greatly dependent on the redox property of the catalyst. Here, we introduce a new type of organic photocatalysts, bisphosphonium salts, which show high performance in the photoregulated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers and allow the synthesis of poly(vinyl ethers) with predictable molecular weights and narrow dispersities at low ppm catalyst loadings under visible light. In particular, the tunable redox potential and excellent stability endow the bisphosphonium salts strict temporal control, thus enabling the metal-free polymerization with a halt in a long dark period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Siping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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57
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Hola E, Ortyl J. Pyrylium salt as a visible-light-induced photoredox catalyst for polymer and organic synthesis – Perspectives on catalyst design and performance. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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58
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Sambiagio C, Ferrari M, van Beurden K, Ca’ ND, van Schijndel J, Noël T. Continuous-Flow Synthesis of Pyrylium Tetrafluoroborates: Application to Synthesis of Katritzky Salts and Photoinduced Cationic RAFT Polymerization. Org Lett 2021; 23:2042-2047. [PMID: 33650879 PMCID: PMC8041383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Katritzky salts have emerged as effective alkyl radical sources upon metal- or photocatalysis. These are typically prepared from the corresponding triarylpyrylium ions, in turn an important class of photocatalysts for small molecules synthesis and photopolymerization. Here, a flow method for the rapid synthesis of both pyrylium and Katrizky salts in a telescoped fashion is reported. Moreover, several pyrylium salts were tested in the photoinduced RAFT polymerization of vinyl ethers under flow and batch conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Sambiagio
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic
Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Matteo Ferrari
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic
Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Koen van Beurden
- Research
Group Biopolymers/Green Chemistry, Avans
University of Applied Science, 4818 CR Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola della Ca’
- Department
of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Jack van Schijndel
- Research
Group Biopolymers/Green Chemistry, Avans
University of Applied Science, 4818 CR Breda, The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Micro Flow Chemistry and Synthetic
Methodology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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59
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Zhao H, Ni N, Li X, Cheng D, Xu X. The coupling reaction of α-silylamines with Baylis-Hillman adducts by visible light photoredox catalysis. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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60
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Ge Q, Wang G, Zhu X, Yu W, Zhou J, Wu B, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Yang Z, Qian J. A highly stable aliphatic backbone from visible light-induced RAFT polymerization for anion exchange membranes. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00867f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy that exploits “visible light-induced RAFT” is presented for fabricating alkaline stable AEMs with fully aliphatic backbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Guangzu Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Weisheng Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Bin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Yahua Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Zhengzhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P.R. China
| | - Jiasheng Qian
- Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Polymeric Materials of Anhui Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P.R. China
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61
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Zhang X, Ma Q, Jiang Y, Hu S, Li J, Liao S. Visible light-regulated organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of lactones by harnessing excited state acidity. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01715a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free ring-opening polymerization of lactones has been developed using PyOH as a photocatalyst under visible light mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Siping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Junfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
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62
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Ma Q, Liu S, Le Dot M, Mokbel H, Zhang Y, Graff B, Lalevée J. Imidazole based dual photo/thermal initiators for highly efficient radical polymerization under air with a metal-free approach. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01079d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free visible LED photopolymerization process, initiated by imidazole based charge transfer complexes under mild conditions (room temperature, without an inert atmosphere, monomer purification or stabilizer removal), is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ma
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, P. R. China
| | - Shaohui Liu
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marie Le Dot
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Haifaa Mokbel
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2 M UMR 7361, F-68100 Mulhouse, France
- Université de Strasbourg, F-67081 Strasbourg, France
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63
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Li J, Chen M, Lin X, Li Q, Zhang W, Jin G, Pan X, Zhu J, Zhu X. Near-Infrared, Light-Induced Cationic and Radical RAFT Polymerization Catalyzed by Iron Complex. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1799-1805. [PMID: 35653684 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A near-infrared (NIR) light induced controlled cationic polymerization is presented here. The halide abstraction reaction between the cyclopentadienyl iron dicarbonyl dimer (Fe2(Cp)2(CO)4) and an organic halide is utilized to generate initial radicals or cations under mild conditions, which can be further combined with both radical and cationic reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Well-defined poly(vinyl ether)s and polyacrylates are prepared successfully under NIR light by this method. The excellent penetration ability of NIR light through thick barriers has been verified by polymerization in the presence of an A4 paper. In addition, iron-based radical polymerization has been used for three-dimensional (3D) printing to fabricate materials with different thicknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Miao Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xia Lin
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qilong Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Guoqing Jin
- School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xiangqiang Pan
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Global Institute of Software Technology, No 5. Qingshan Road, Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou 215163, China
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64
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Belov DS, Mathivathanan L, Beazley MJ, Martin WB, Bukhryakov KV. Stereospecific Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene Catalyzed by Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2934-2938. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Logesh Mathivathanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Melanie J. Beazley
- Department of Chemistry University of Central Florida 4111 Libra Dr. Orlando FL 32816 USA
| | - William Blake Martin
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Konstantin V. Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
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65
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Belov DS, Mathivathanan L, Beazley MJ, Martin WB, Bukhryakov KV. Stereospecific Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene Catalyzed by Iron Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Belov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Logesh Mathivathanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
| | - Melanie J. Beazley
- Department of Chemistry University of Central Florida 4111 Libra Dr. Orlando FL 32816 USA
| | - William Blake Martin
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve University 2100 Adelbert Road Cleveland OH 44106 USA
| | - Konstantin V. Bukhryakov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International University 11200 SW 8th St. Miami FL 33199 USA
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66
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Gitter SR, Yang X, Boydston AJ, Long BK. Advances in Polymerizations Modulated by External Stimuli. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Justin M. Burroughs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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68
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Abstract
Metathesis reactions are one of the most reliable and prevalent ways of creating a C-C bond in synthesis. Photochemical variants exist, and they have proven extremely useful for the construction of complex molecules, from natural products to Möbius rings. A variety of starting materials can undergo photometathesis reactions, including alkenes, alkynes, carbonyls, thiocarbonyls, and ketenes. While many of these reactions proceed with UV light and require harsh conditions, a handful of new techniques for visible-light photometathesis reactions have appeared recently. Given the current developments in visible-light photocatalysis, we believe that many more visible light photometathesis reactions await discovery. In this first review on the subject of photometathesis, we have gathered the relevant literature to give the reader an in-depth understanding of the field, and to inspire further development and synthetic application of these fascinating reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freya M Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - Christian G Bochet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland.
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69
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Lu P, Kensy VK, Tritt RL, Seidenkranz DT, Boydston AJ. Metal-Free Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization: From Concept to Creation. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2325-2335. [PMID: 32960558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), which is derived from transition-metal-based olefin metathesis, has evolved into one of the most prevalent technologies for making functional polymeric materials in academia and in industry. The initial discovery of and advances in ROMP used ill-defined mixtures of metal salts to initiate polymerization. The initiators most commonly used today, developed with tremendous efforts, are well-defined metal-alkylidene complexes that have enabled a good mechanistic understanding of the polymerization as well as improvement of the initiators' activity, stability, and functional group tolerance.The evolution of ROMP has been decidedly metal-centric, with the path to accolades being paved primarily in ruthenium-, molybdenum-, and tungsten-based systems. Our departure from the ROMP trailhead was inspired in part by recent breakthroughs in radical-mediated polymerizations, whereby their mechanisms were leveraged to develop metal-free reaction conditions. Inventing a metal-free complement to traditional ROMP would essentially involve stepping away from decades of inorganic and organometallic developments, but with the promise of crossing new synthetic capabilities and curiosities.Driven by this motivation, as well as a community-inspired desire to develop "greener" controlled polymerizations, our team pioneered the search for, and discovery of, a wholly organic alternative to traditional metal-mediated ROMP. In this Account, we review our recent efforts to develop metal-free ring-opening metathesis polymerization (MF-ROMP), which is inspired by previous reports in electro- and photo-mediated organic transformations.This work began with an exploration of the direct oxidation of enol ethers and the propensity of the ensuing radical cations to initiate ROMP. To overcome limitations of the electrochemical conditions, a photoredox-mediated method was investigated next, using photoexcited pyrylium salts to oxidize the enol ethers. With this system, we demonstrated the ability to produce ROMP products and temporally control the polymerization.Further investigations into different aspects of the reaction included monomer scope, functional group tolerance, the impact of changing photocatalyst properties, and the ability to control molecular weight. The unique mechanism of MF-ROMP, along with the relative ease of synthesizing enol ether initiators, enabled the preparation of numerous polymeric materials that are hard to access through traditional metal-mediated pathways. At the end of this Account, we provide a perspective on future opportunities in this emerging area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Victoria K. Kensy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
| | - Rachel L. Tritt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel T. Seidenkranz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98115, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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70
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Chen DF, Bernsten S, Miyake GM. Organocatalyzed Photoredox Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of Functionalized Vinylcyclopropanes. Macromolecules 2020; 53:8352-8359. [PMID: 34267404 PMCID: PMC8276880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organocatalyzed photoredox radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) of vinylcyclopropanes (VCPs) is employed for the synthesis of polymers with controlled molecular weight (MW), dispersity, and composition. Herein, we report the study on the rROP of a variety of VCP monomers bearing diverse functional groups (such as amide, alkene, ketal, urea, hemiaminal ether, and so on) under organocatalyzed conditions with varying light sources and temperature. Notably, VCP monomers bearing natural product functionality or their derivatives can be polymerized in a controlled manner to produce poly(VCPs) with predictable MW, low dispersity, tunable composition, high thermal stability, and tailored glass transition temperature (T g), ranging 39 to 107 °C. Lastly, successful "grafting through" synthesis of molecular brush copolymers containing 1.0 or 5.0 kDa polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) side chains from readily accessible EtVCP-PDMS macromonomers further demonstrates the robustness of this organocatalyzed photoredox rROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Feng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Simone Bernsten
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Garret M Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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71
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Chen K, Hu X, Zhu N, Guo K. Design, Synthesis, and Self-Assembly of Janus Bottlebrush Polymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000357. [PMID: 32844547 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Janus bottlebrush polymers are a class of special molecular brushes, which have two immiscible side chains on the repeating unit of the backbone. The characteristic architectures of Janus bottlebrush polymers enable unique self-assembly properties and broad applications. Recently, remarkable advances of Janus bottlebrush polymers have been achieved for polymer chemistry and material science. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies of Janus bottlebrush polymers, and highlights the self-assembly applications. Finally, the challenges and opportunities are proposed for the further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerui Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Xin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Ning Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 30 S. Puzhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211800, China
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72
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Self-assembled nanostructures from amphiphilic block copolymers prepared via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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73
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74
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Boase NRB. Shining a Light on Bioorthogonal Photochemistry for Polymer Science. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000305. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R. B. Boase
- Centre for Materials Science Queensland University of Technology 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
- School of Chemistry and Physics Queensland University of Technology 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4000 Australia
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75
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Dadashi-Silab S, Lee IH, Anastasaki A, Lorandi F, Narupai B, Dolinski ND, Allegrezza ML, Fantin M, Konkolewicz D, Hawker CJ, Matyjaszewski K. Investigating Temporal Control in Photoinduced Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Francesca Lorandi
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Benjaporn Narupai
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Neil D. Dolinski
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael L. Allegrezza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Marco Fantin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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76
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Kensy VK, Tritt RL, Haque FM, Murphy LM, Knorr DB, Grayson SM, Boydston AJ. Molecular Weight Control via Cross Metathesis in Photo-Redox Mediated Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9074-9079. [PMID: 32059058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Photo-redox mediated ring-opening metathesis polymerization (photo-ROMP) is an emerging ROMP technique that uses an organic redox mediator and a vinyl ether initiator, in contrast to metal-based initiators traditionally used in ROMP. The reversibility of the redox-mediated initiation and propagation steps enable spatiotemporal control over the polymerization. Herein, we explore a simple, inexpensive means of controlling molecular weight, using alpha olefins as chain transfer agents. This method enables access to low molecular weight oligomers, and molecular weights between 1 and 30 kDa can be targeted simply by altering the stoichiometry of the reaction. This method of molecular weight control was then used to synthesize a functionalized norbornene copolymer in a range of molecular weights for specific materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel L Tritt
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel B Knorr
- U. S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Boydston
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.,University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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77
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Kensy VK, Tritt RL, Haque FM, Murphy LM, Knorr DB, Grayson SM, Boydston AJ. Molecular Weight Control via Cross Metathesis in Photo‐Redox Mediated Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel B. Knorr
- U. S. Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD 21005 USA
| | | | - Andrew J. Boydston
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI 53706 USA
- University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 USA
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78
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Ahumada
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonkyeong Ryu
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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79
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Woods EF, Berl AJ, Kalow JA. Photocontrolled Synthesis of n‐Type Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eliot F. Woods
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Alexandra J. Berl
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Julia A. Kalow
- Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston IL 60208 USA
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80
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Jiang K, Han S, Ma M, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Chen M. Photoorganocatalyzed Reversible-Deactivation Alternating Copolymerization of Chlorotrifluoroethylene and Vinyl Ethers under Ambient Conditions: Facile Access to Main-Chain Fluorinated Copolymers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7108-7115. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunming Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Shantao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Mingyu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Yucheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
| | - Mao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, 200433
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81
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John D, Mohammadi R, Vogel N, Andrieu-Brunsen A. Surface-Plasmon- and Green-Light-Induced Polymerization in Mesoporous Thin Silica Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1671-1679. [PMID: 32045256 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The near-field of surface plasmon resonances at planar metal surfaces is confined to the nanoscale, but its resonance wavelength is located in the visible light range, making it interesting for confining polymer functionalization of surfaces but incompatible with the majority of polymerization reactions. Here, fluorescein as a polymerization initiator allowing dye-sensitized polymerization with green light (438-540 nm) is demonstrated to allow polymer functionalization of mesoporous films deposited onto planar silver metal layers. The fluorescein-induced polymer functionalization of mesoporous silica films is investigated with respect to the influence of irradiation power and irradiation time and its potential to generate polymer gradients. Finally, the polymer functionalization of mesoporous films upon surface-plasmon-initiated polymerization is demonstrated. Polymer functionalization thereby determines pH-responsive ionic mesopore accessibility. Consequently, these results present a sound basis for further nanoscale near-field-induced polymer functionalization of porous films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel John
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Reza Mohammadi
- Institute of Particle Technology , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 4 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstraße 4 , D-91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Annette Andrieu-Brunsen
- Ernst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie , Technische Universität Darmstadt , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
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82
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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83
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Woods EF, Berl AJ, Kalow JA. Photocontrolled Synthesis of n-Type Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6062-6067. [PMID: 31922643 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Current approaches to synthesize π-conjugated polymers (CPs) are dominated by thermally driven, transition-metal-mediated reactions. Herein we show that electron-deficient Grignard monomers readily polymerize under visible-light irradiation at room temperature in the absence of a catalyst. The product distribution can be tuned by the wavelength of irradiation based on the absorption of the polymer. Conversion studies are consistent with an uncontrolled chain-growth process; correspondingly, chain extension produces all-conjugated n-type block copolymers. Preliminary results demonstrate that the polymerization can be expanded to donor-acceptor alternating copolymers. We anticipate that this method can serve as a platform to access new architectures of n-type CPs without the need for transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot F Woods
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alexandra J Berl
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Julia A Kalow
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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84
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He L, Jia C, Zhang Y, He J. Visible Light Catalyzed Step-Growth Polymerization through Mizoroki-Heck Coupling Reaction. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900640. [PMID: 32022981 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The results of polymer synthesis via visible light (blue light λ = 465 nm) and a Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck coupling reaction at ambient temperature are reported. The kinetic study demonstrates that the polymerization rate is faster under light irradiation than that in the dark, affording larger molecular weight of polymer product in the former. A mechanistic study using 19 F NMR indicates that light can activate the oxidative addition step, increasing the rate of formation of the oxidative addition intermediate. The present work not only reveals a new mechanism of light's effect on Mizoroki-Heck coupling reaction in the absence of sensitizer, but also represents the first example of its application in step-growth polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting He
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunbo Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yunjia Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Junpo He
- The State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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85
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Synthesis, optical, and thermal properties of 2,4,6-tris(4-substituted phenyl)pyrylium tosylates and triflimides. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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86
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Wang D, Arar A, Garra P, Graff B, Lalevée J. Charge Transfer Complexes based on Various Amines as Dual Thermal and Photochemical Polymerization Initiators: A Powerful Tool for the Access to Composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20190248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dengxia Wang
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
- Shandong Institute of Nonmetallic Materials Jinan 250031 China
| | - Ahmad Arar
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Patxi Garra
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Université de Haute‐AlsaceCNRS, IS2M UMR 7361 F‐68100 Mulhouse France
- Université de Strasbourg 67000 Strasbourg France
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87
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Messina MS, Messina KMM, Bhattacharya A, Montgomery HR, Maynard HD. Preparation of Biomolecule-Polymer Conjugates by Grafting-From Using ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP. Prog Polym Sci 2020; 100:101186. [PMID: 32863465 PMCID: PMC7453843 DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule-polymer conjugates are constructs that take advantage of the functional or otherwise beneficial traits inherent to biomolecules and combine them with synthetic polymers possessing specially tailored properties. The rapid development of novel biomolecule-polymer conjugates based on proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids has ushered in a variety of unique materials, which exhibit functional attributes including thermo-responsiveness, exceptional stability, and specialized specificity. Key to the synthesis of new biomolecule-polymer hybrids is the use of controlled polymerization techniques coupled with either grafting-from, grafting-to, or grafting-through methodology, each of which exhibit distinct advantages and/or disadvantages. In this review, we present recent progress in the development of biomolecule-polymer conjugates with a focus on works that have detailed the use of grafting-from methods employing ATRP, RAFT, or ROMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco S Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Kathryn M M Messina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Arvind Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Hayden R Montgomery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Heather D Maynard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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88
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Tuten BT, Wiedbrauk S, Barner-Kowollik C. Contemporary catalyst-free photochemistry in synthetic macromolecular science. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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89
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Zhang X, Hu S, Ma Q, Liao S. Visible light-mediated ring-opening polymerization of lactones based on the excited state acidity of ESPT molecules. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A visible light-regulated ring-opening polymerization of lactones has been developed based on the excited state acidity of ESPT molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Siping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
| | - Saihu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350116
- P. R. China
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90
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Sifri RJ, Kennedy AJ, Fors BP. Photocontrolled cationic degenerate chain transfer polymerizations via thioacetal initiators. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01100b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photocontrolled cationic polymerizations controlled through a degenerate chain transfer process and photocatalyst turnover to recap propagating chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee J. Sifri
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Audrey J. Kennedy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
| | - Brett P. Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Cornell University
- Ithaca
- USA
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91
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Lai H, Zhang J, Xing F, Xiao P. Recent advances in light-regulated non-radical polymerisations. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1867-1886. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00731h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises recent advances in light-regulated non-radical polymerisations as well as the applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwang Lai
- Department of Immunobiology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research School of Chemistry
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering
| | - Feiyue Xing
- Department of Immunobiology
- College of Life Science and Technology
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632
- China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry
- The Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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92
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Li M, Wang R, Eisen MS, Park S. Light-mediated olefin coordination polymerization and photoswitches. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00426j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This review outlines photoswitchable, transition metal-based olefin coordination polymerization catalysts ranging from homogeneous to heterogeneous, and monometallic to bimetallic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
| | - Moris S. Eisen
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- Shantou 515063
- China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
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93
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Brush-modified materials: Control of molecular architecture, assembly behavior, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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94
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Zhao Q, Lalancette R, Szostak R, Szostak M. Ring-Opening Olefin Metathesis of Twisted Amides: Activation of Amide Bonds by C═C Cleavage. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roger Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry and Technology for Chemical Industry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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95
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Sun H, Choi W, Zang N, Battistella C, Thompson MP, Cao W, Zhou X, Forman C, Gianneschi NC. Bioactive Peptide Brush Polymers via Photoinduced Reversible-Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17359-17364. [PMID: 31595626 PMCID: PMC7299178 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Harnessing metal-free photoinduced reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photo-RDRP) in organic and aqueous phases, we report a synthetic approach to enzyme-responsive and pro-apoptotic peptide brush polymers. Thermolysin-responsive peptide-based polymeric amphiphiles assembled into spherical micellar nanoparticles that undergo a morphology transition to worm-like micelles upon enzyme-triggered cleavage of coronal peptide sidechains. Moreover, pro-apoptotic polypeptide brushes show enhanced cell uptake over individual peptide chains of the same sequence, resulting in a significant increase in cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Critically, increased grafting density of pro-apoptotic peptides on brush polymers correlates with increased uptake efficiency and concurrently, cytotoxicity. The mild synthetic conditions afforded by photo-RDRP, make it possible to access well-defined peptide-based polymer bioconjugate structures with tunable bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nanzhi Zang
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Matthew P Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Christopher Forman
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Simpson Querrey Institute, Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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96
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan J. Walsh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael G. Hyatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Susannah A. Miller
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Damien Guironnet
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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97
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Suslov DS, Bykov MV, Kravchenko OV. Norbornene Addition Polymerization with Catalysts Based on Transition Metal Compounds: 2008–2018. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s181123821901017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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98
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Sun H, Choi W, Zang N, Battistella C, Thompson MP, Cao W, Zhou X, Forman C, Gianneschi NC. Bioactive Peptide Brush Polymers via Photoinduced Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wonmin Choi
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Nanzhi Zang
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Claudia Battistella
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Matthew P. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Xuhao Zhou
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Christopher Forman
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Nathan C. Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry Materials Science & Engineering, Biomedical Engineering International Institute for Nanotechnology Simpson Querrey Institute Chemistry of Life Processes Institute and the Lurie Cancer Center Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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99
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Krappitz T, Jovic K, Feist F, Frisch H, Rigoglioso VP, Blinco JP, Boydston AJ, Barner-Kowollik C. Hybrid Photo-induced Copolymerization of Ring-Strained and Vinyl Monomers Utilizing Metal-Free Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16605-16609. [PMID: 31592659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We introduce the hybrid copolymerization of two disparate monomer classes (vinyl monomers and ring-strained cyclic olefins) via living photopolymerization. The living character of the polymerization technique (metal-free photo-ROMP) is demonstrated by consecutive chain-extensions. Further, we propose a mechanism for the copolymerization and analyze the copolymer structure in detail by high-resolution mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Krappitz
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia
| | - Kristina Jovic
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia
| | - Florian Feist
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia.,Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10 , 55128 Mainz , Germany
| | - Hendrik Frisch
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia
| | - Vincent P Rigoglioso
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - James P Blinco
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia
| | - Andrew J Boydston
- Department of Chemistry , University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1101 University Avenue , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering , Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street , Brisbane , QLD 4000 , Australia.,Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstraße 18 , 76131 Karlsruhe , Germany
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100
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Pal S, Alizadeh M, Kilbinger AFM. Telechelics Based on Catalytic Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1396-1401. [PMID: 35651155 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We describe a protocol to synthesize alternating telechelic ROMP copolymers of 7-oxa-norbornene derivatives and cycloalkenes under catalytic conditions. These copolymers were synthesized using Grubbs' second-generation catalyst. The sterically less hindered backbone double bonds of the resulting alternating copolymers facilitate the chain transfer (secondary metathesis) reactions. In the presence of symmetrical chain transfer agents (CTA), alternating copolymers could be synthesized catalytically. This procedure allows the synthesis of telechelic polymers based on potentially functional 7-oxa-norbornene derivatives under thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The molar mass of the alternating copolymer was controlled by the monomer to CTA ratio. The end group of the copolymers synthesized in the catalytic manner was addressed by the CTA functionality, yielding telechelic copolymers in excellent yields. 1H NMR spectroscopy, MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, and SEC analysis confirmed the chemical identity of the alternating telechelic copolymers with excellent control over the molar mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mahshid Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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