51
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Yu H, Li J, Shan C, Lu T, Jiang X, Shi J, Wojtas L, Zhang H, Wang M. Conformational Control of a Metallo-Supramolecular Cage via the Dissymmetrical Modulation of Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:26523-26527. [PMID: 34779543 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In nature as well as life systems, the presence of asymmetrical and dissymmetrical structures with specific functions is extremely common. However, the construction of metallo-supramolecular assemblies based on dissymmetrical ligands still remains a considerable challenge for avoiding the generation of unexpected isomers with similar thermodynamic stabilities, especially for three-dimensional supramolecular structures. In this study, a strategy for the conformational control of metallo-supramolecular cages via the enhancement of ligand dissymmetry was proposed. Four dissymmetrical ditopic ligands were designed and synthesized. By increasing the dissymmetry of length or angle, conformations of assemblies were precisely controlled to form discrete cis-Pdn L2n molecular cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Tong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Junjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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52
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Yu H, Li J, Shan C, Lu T, Jiang X, Shi J, Wojtas L, Zhang H, Wang M. Conformational Control of a Metallo‐Supramolecular Cage via the Dissymmetrical Modulation of Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Chuan Shan
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Tong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Junjuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Lukasz Wojtas
- Department of Chemistry University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 USA
| | - Houyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
| | - Ming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University, Changchun Jilin 130012 China
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53
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Walker SE, Boer SA, Malcomson T, Paterson MJ, Tuck KL, Turner DR. Steric control of sorting regimes in self-assembled cages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12456-12459. [PMID: 34755718 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05610g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Control of self-sorting regimes is achieved through adjustment of steric interactions in self-assembled coordination cages. The self-assembly regime of dynamic mixtures of heteroleptic cages is followed by HPLC to show that statistical or biased distributions can be selectively obtained, including isolation of a single heteroleptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Walker
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Stephanie A Boer
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Thomas Malcomson
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester University, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Martin J Paterson
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Kellie L Tuck
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - David R Turner
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.
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54
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Hamashima K, Yuasa J. Entropy Versus Enthalpy Controlled Temperature/Redox Dual-Triggered Cages for Selective Anion Encapsulation and Release. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202113914. [PMID: 34796586 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
New C3 -symmetric imidazole ligands were designed with phosphine and phosphine oxide linkers (LP and LPO , respectively) to demonstrate a dual-triggered dynamic closed coordination cage. Both LP and LPO form discrete Zn4 L4 -closed cages (1P and 1PO , respectively) with excellent selectively for BPh4 - , whereas 1P and 1PO encapsulate neither a slightly larger size anion [B(C6 H4 CH3 )4 - ] nor smaller size anions (BF4 - , PF6 - , SbF6 - , and OSO2 CF3 - ). 1PO exhibits more negative enthalpy and entropy changes upon anion encapsulation, thus releasing almost all of the encapsulated anions at high temperature (343 K) (trigger 1: BPh4 - ⊂1PO ← → 1PO +BPh4 - ). In contrast 1P has less negative enthalpy and entropy changes, thus preserving the captured anion over a wide range of temperatures (298 K to 343 K). The 1P cage can be quantitatively oxidized to the 1PO cage by a mild oxidant (Ox.=H2 O2 ), and therefore the captured anion can be released by a redox triggering event (trigger 2: BPh4 - ⊂1P +Ox.→1PO +BPh4 - ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyosuke Hamashima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Junpei Yuasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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55
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Li C, Manick AD, Jean M, Albalat M, Vanthuyne N, Dutasta JP, Bugaut X, Chatelet B, Martinez A. Hemicryptophane Cages with a C1-Symmetric Cyclotriveratrylene Unit. J Org Chem 2021; 86:15055-15062. [PMID: 34597053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new hemicryptophanes combining a cyclotriveratrylene unit with either an aminotrisamide or a tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) moiety have been synthesized. Although a conventional synthesis approach was used, the molecular cages obtained are devoid of the expected C3 symmetry. NMR analyses and X-ray crystal structure determination showed that these hemicryptophanes exhibited C1 symmetry due to the unusual arrangement of the substituents of the cyclotriveratrylene unit. This unprecedented arrangement is related to a change in the regioselectivity of the Friedel-Crafts reactions that led to the CTV cap. This constitutes an original approach to access enantiopure chiral molecular cages with low symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Li
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France
| | | | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Muriel Albalat
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, 46, Allée d'Italie, F-69364 Lyon, France
| | - Xavier Bugaut
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Chatelet
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Alexandre Martinez
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille iSm2, 13284 Marseille, France
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56
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Taylor LLK, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Borilović I, Tuna F, Riddell IA. Self-assembly of a trigonal bipyramidal architecture with stabilisation of iron in three spin states. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11252-11255. [PMID: 34632988 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04413c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly and characterisation of a supramolecular trigonal bipyramidal iron cage containing an [FeIII(μ2-F)6(FeII)3]3+ star motif at its core is reported. The complex can be formed in a one step reaction using an heterotopic ligand that supports site-specific incorporation of iron in three distinct electronic configurations: low-spin FeII, high-spin FeII and high-spin FeIII, with iron(II) tetrafluoroborate as the source of the bridging fluorides. Formation of a μ2-F bridged mixed-valence FeII-FeIII star is unprecedented. The peripheral high-spin FeII centres of the mixed-valence tetranuclear star incorporated in the iron cage are highly anisotropic and engage in F-mediated antiferromagnetic exchange with the central FeIII ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L K Taylor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | | | - Ivana Borilović
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Floriana Tuna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK. .,Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Imogen A Riddell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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57
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Li RJ, Marcus A, Fadaei-Tirani F, Severin K. Orientational self-sorting: formation of structurally defined Pd 4L 8 and Pd 6L 12 cages from low-symmetry dipyridyl ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10023-10026. [PMID: 34505600 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03828a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tetra- and hexanuclear coordination cages were obtained in reactions of [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2 with low-symmetry dipyridyl ligands. In both cases, only one structurally defined complex was formed out of a vast pool of potential isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Li
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Adam Marcus
- Institute of Mathematics, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kay Severin
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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58
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Tarzia A, Lewis JEM, Jelfs KE. High‐Throughput Computational Evaluation of Low Symmetry Pd
2
L
4
Cages to Aid in System Design**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry Molecular Sciences Research Hub Imperial College London White City Campus, Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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59
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Tarzia A, Lewis JEM, Jelfs KE. High-Throughput Computational Evaluation of Low Symmetry Pd 2 L 4 Cages to Aid in System Design*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20879-20887. [PMID: 34254713 PMCID: PMC8518684 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Unsymmetrical ditopic ligands can self-assemble into reduced-symmetry Pd2 L4 metallo-cages with anisotropic cavities, with implications for high specificity and affinity guest-binding. Mixtures of cage isomers can form, however, resulting in undesirable system heterogeneity. It is paramount to be able to design components that preferentially form a single isomer. Previous data suggested that computational methods could predict with reasonable accuracy whether unsymmetrical ligands would preferentially self-assemble into single cage isomers under constraints of geometrical mismatch. We successfully apply a collaborative computational and experimental workflow to mitigate costly trial-and-error synthetic approaches. Our rapid computational workflow constructs unsymmetrical ligands and their Pd2 L4 cage isomers, ranking the likelihood for exclusively forming cis-Pd2 L4 assemblies. From this narrowed search space, we successfully synthesised four new, low-symmetry, cis-Pd2 L4 cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Tarzia
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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60
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Preston D. Discrete Self-Assembled Metallo-Foldamers with Heteroleptic Sequence Specificity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20027-20035. [PMID: 34263526 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Discrete and structurally diverse foldamer sequences are constructed in both natural and abiotic systems primarily using inert connectivity with irreversible organic covalent bonds, serving to preserve the identity of the sequence. The formation of sequences under thermodynamic control using labile coordination bonds would be attractive for synthetic ease and modular capability, but this presents issues regarding sequence preservation. Here is presented an approach integrating palladium(II) metal ions into the sequence itself, with fidelity maintained through use of complementary pairings of ligand arrangements at the metal centre. This is accomplished using sites of different denticity and/or hydrogen bonding capability. In this fashion, discrete and ordered metallo-sequences are formed as thermodynamic products in a single step, and these then fold into defined conformations due to π-π interactions between electron-rich and -poor aromatic regions of the combined componentry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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61
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Preston D. Discrete Self‐Assembled Metallo‐Foldamers with Heteroleptic Sequence Specificity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2600 Australia
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62
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Bete SC, Otte M. Heteroleptische Koordination durch einen
endo
‐funktionalisierten Käfig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Bete
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
| | - Matthias Otte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 4 37077 Göttingen Deutschland
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63
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Bete SC, Otte M. Heteroleptic Ligation by an endo-Functionalized Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18582-18586. [PMID: 34124838 PMCID: PMC8456844 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A conceptual approach for the synthesis of quasi-heteroleptic complexes with properly endo-functionalized cages as ligands is presented. The cage ligand reported here is of a covalent organic nature, it has been synthesized via a dynamic combinatorial chemistry approach, making use of a masked amine. Inspired by enzymatic active sites, the described system bears one carboxylate and two imidazole moieties as independent ligating units through which it is able to coordinate to transition metals. Analysis of the iron(II) complex in solution and the solid state validates the structure and shows that no undesired but commonly observed dimerization process takes place. The solid-state structure shows a five-coordinate metal center with the carboxylate bidentately bound to iron, which makes Fe@2 an unprecedentedly detailed structural model complex for this kind of non-heme iron oxygenases. As, as confirmed by the crystal structure, sufficient space for other organic ligands is available, the biologically relevant ligand α-ketoglutarate is implemented. We observe biomimetic reaction behavior towards dioxygen that opens studies investigating Fe@2 as a functional model complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Bete
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Otte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Goettingen, Tammannstraße 4, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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64
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Li RJ, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Tuning the Size and Geometry of Heteroleptic Coordination Cages by Varying the Ligand Bent Angle. Chemistry 2021; 27:9439-9445. [PMID: 33998736 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spherical assemblies of the type [Pdn L2n ]2n+ can be obtained from PdII salts and curved N-donor ligands, L. It is well established that the bent angle, α, of the ligand is a decisive factor in the self-assembly process, with larger angles leading to complexes with a higher nuclearity, n. Herein, we report heteroleptic coordination cages of the type [Pdn Ln L'n ]2n+ , for which a similar correlation between the ligand bent angle and the nuclearity is observed. Tetranuclear cages were obtained by combining [Pd(CH3 CN)4 ](BF4 )2 with 1,3-di(pyridin-3-yl)benzene and ligands featuring a bent angle of α=120°. The use of a dipyridyl ligand with α=149° led to the formation of a hexanuclear complex with a trigonal prismatic geometry; for linear ligands, octanuclear assemblies of the type [Pd8 L8 L'8 ]16+ were obtained. The predictable formation of heteroleptic PdII cages from 1,3-di(pyridin-3-yl)benzene and different dipyridyl ligands is evidence that there are entire classes of heteroleptic cage structures that are privileged from a thermodynamic point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Li
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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65
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Zou YQ, Zhang D, Ronson TK, Tarzia A, Lu Z, Jelfs KE, Nitschke JR. Sterics and Hydrogen Bonding Control Stereochemistry and Self-Sorting in BINOL-Based Assemblies. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9009-9015. [PMID: 34124891 PMCID: PMC8227477 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Here we demonstrate how the hydrogen-bonding ability of a BINOL-based dialdehyde subcomponent dictated the stereochemical outcome of its subsequent self-assembly into one diastereomeric helicate form when bearing free hydroxy groups, and another in the case of its methylated congener. The presence of methyl groups also altered the self-sorting behavior when mixed with another, short linear dialdehyde subcomponent, switching the outcome of the system from narcissistic to integrative self-sorting. In all cases, the axial chirality of the BINOL building block also dictated helicate metal center handedness during stereospecific self-assembly. A new family of stereochemically pure heteroleptic helicates were thus prepared using the new knowledge gained. We also found that switching from FeII to ZnII, or the incorporation of a longer linear ligand, favored heteroleptic structure formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Quan Zou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya K Ronson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zifei Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan R Nitschke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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66
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Prusty S, Chan YT. Terpyridine-based Self-assembled Heteroleptic Coordination Complexes. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.210048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumyakanta Prusty
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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67
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Shi WJ, Liu D, Li X, Bai S, Wang YY, Han YF. Supramolecular Coordination Cages Based on N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Gold(I) Ligands and Their Precursors: Self-Assembly, Structural Transformation and Guest-Binding Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:7853-7861. [PMID: 33780062 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of functional groups into the cavity of discrete supramolecular coordination cages (SCCs) will bring unique functions and applications. Here, three dicarboxylate ligands (H2 L1Cl, H2 L2Cl and H2 L3Cl) containing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors as linkers were introduced to construct SCCs by combining with two C3 -symmertic (CpZr)3 (μ3 -O)(μ2 -OH)3 clusters as three-connect vertices, resulted in a series of rugby-like V2 E3 (V=vertex, E=edge) type homoleptic cages (SCC-1, SCC-2 and SCC-3). However, V4 E6 -type tetrahedral cages (SCC-4 and SCC-5), incorporating six Au-NHC moieties, were obtained when the corresponding NHC-gold(I) functionalized ligands (H2 L1Au , H2 L2Au ) were applied. For the first time, we present a trackable CpZr-involved cage to cage conversion to generate a heteroleptic V2 E3 cage (SCC-6) from two homoleptic cages (SCC-2 and SCC-5) with different geometries of V2 E3 and V4 E6 . The heteroleptic assembly SCC-6 can also be formed upon a subcomponent displacement strategy. The structural transformation and reassembly processes were detected and monitored by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. The formation of heteroleptic assembly was further supported by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, homoleptic cage SCC-2 possesses a trigonal bipyramidal cationic cavity allowing the encapsulation of a series of sulfonate anionic guests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Sha Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, P. R. China
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68
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Pullen S, Tessarolo J, Clever GH. Increasing structural and functional complexity in self-assembled coordination cages. Chem Sci 2021; 12:7269-7293. [PMID: 34163819 PMCID: PMC8171321 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01226f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in metallo-supramolecular chemistry creates potential to synthesize functional nano systems and intelligent materials of increasing complexity. In the past four decades, metal-mediated self-assembly has produced a wide range of structural motifs such as helicates, grids, links, knots, spheres and cages, with particularly the latter ones catching growing attention, owing to their nano-scale cavities. Assemblies serving as hosts allow application as selective receptors, confined reaction environments and more. Recently, the field has made big steps forward by implementing dedicated functionality, e.g. catalytic centres or photoswitches to allow stimuli control. Besides incorporation in homoleptic systems, composed of one type of ligand, desire arose to include more than one function within the same assembly. Inspiration comes from natural enzymes that congregate, for example, a substrate recognition site, an allosteric regulator element and a reaction centre. Combining several functionalities without creating statistical mixtures, however, requires a toolbox of sophisticated assembly strategies. This review showcases the implementation of function into self-assembled cages and devises strategies to selectively form heteroleptic structures. We discuss first examples resulting from a combination of both principles, namely multicomponent multifunctional host-guest complexes, and their potential in application in areas such as sensing, catalysis, and photo-redox systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Pullen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Homogeneous, Supramolecular and Bio-Inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
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69
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Tessarolo J, Lee H, Sakuda E, Umakoshi K, Clever GH. Integrative Assembly of Heteroleptic Tetrahedra Controlled by Backbone Steric Bulk. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:6339-6344. [PMID: 33900773 PMCID: PMC8154538 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A bent fluorenone-based dipyridyl ligand LA reacts with PdII cations to a solvent-dependent dynamic library of [PdnL2n] assemblies, constituted by a [Pd3LA6] ring and a [Pd4LA8] tetrahedron as major components, and a [Pd6LA12] octahedron as minor component. Introduction of backbone steric hindrance in ligand LB allows exclusive formation of the [Pd6LB12] octahedron. Combining equimolar amounts of both ligands results in integrative self-sorting to give an unprecedented [Pd4LA4LB4] heteroleptic tetrahedron. Key to the non-statistical assembly outcome is exploiting the structural peculiarity of the [Pd4L8] tetrahedral topology, where the four lean ligands occupy two doubly bridged edges and the bulky ligands span the four remaining, singly bridged edges. Hence, the system finds a compromise between the entropic drive to form an assembly smaller than the octahedron and the enthalpic prohibition of pairing two bulky ligands on the same edge of the triangular ring. The emission of luminescent LA is maintained in both homoleptic [Pd3LA6] and heteroleptic [Pd4LA4LB4].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Tessarolo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Haeri Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Hannam University, 1646, Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Eri Sakuda
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Division
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Keisuke Umakoshi
- Division
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund
University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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70
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Markwell-Heys AW, Schneider ML, Madridejos JML, Metha GF, Bloch WM. Self-sorting of porous Cu 4L 2L' 2 metal-organic cages composed of isomerisable ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:2915-2918. [PMID: 33616581 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc08076d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report the self-sorting of a dynamic combinatorial library (DCL) of metal-organic cages composed of a rotationally isomerisable ligand. Convergence of the DCL occurs upon crystallisation and leads to low-symmetry Cu4L2L'2 cages that display differing porosities based on their overall shape and ligand configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew L Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | | | - Gregory F Metha
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
| | - Witold M Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia.
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71
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Wu K, Zhang B, Drechsler C, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Rückgrat‐verknüpfte Liganden erhöhen die Vielfalt in heteroleptischen Koordinationskäfigen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Bo Zhang
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Christoph Drechsler
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie TU Dortmund Otto-Hahn Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Deutschland
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72
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Li RJ, Tessarolo J, Lee H, Clever GH. Multi-stimuli Control over Assembly and Guest Binding in Metallo-supramolecular Hosts Based on Dithienylethene Photoswitches. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3865-3873. [PMID: 33673736 PMCID: PMC7975281 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
![]()
It is difficult to
assemble multi-component metallo-supramolecular
architectures in a non-statistical fashion, which limits their development
toward functional materials. Herein, we report a system of interconverting
bowls and cages that are able to respond to various selective stimuli
(light, ligands, anions), based on the self-assembly of a photochromic
dithienylethene (DTE) ligand, La, with PdII cations. By combining the concept of “coordination
sphere engineering”, relying on bulky quinoline donors, with
reversible photoswitching between the ligand’s open (o-La) and closed (c-La) forms, a [Pd2(o-La)4] cage (o-C) and a [Pd2(c-La)3] bowl (c-B) were obtained,
respectively. This structural rearrangement modulates the system’s
guest uptake capabilities. Among three bis-sulfonate guests (G1, G2, and G3), the cage can encapsulate
only the smallest (G1), while the bowl binds all of them.
Bowl c-B was further used to synthesize
a series of heteroleptic cages, [Pd2LA3LB], representing a motif never reported before. Additional
ligands (Lc-f), with short
or long arms, tune the cavity size, thus enabling or preventing guest
uptake. Addition of Br–/Ag+ makes it
possible to change the overall charge, again triggering guest uptake
and release, as well as fourth ligand de-/recomplexation. In combination,
site-selective introduction of functionality and application of external
stimuli lead to an intricate system of hosts with different guest
preferences. A high degree of complexity is achieved through cooperativity
between only a few components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jin Li
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Haeri Lee
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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73
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Abstract
Although many impressive metallo-supramolecular architectures have been reported, they tend towards high symmetry structures and avoid extraneous functionality to ensure high fidelity in the self-assembly process. This minimalist approach, however, limits the range of accessible structures and thus their potential applications. Herein is described the synthesis of a family of ditopic ligands wherein the ligand scaffolds are both low symmetry and incorporate exohedral functional moieties. Key to this design is the use of CuI -catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) chemistry, as the triazole is capable of acting as both a coordinating heterocycle and a tether between the ligand framework and functional unit simultaneously. A common precursor was used to generate ligands with various functionalities, allowing control of electronic properties whilst maintaining the core structure of the resultant cis-Pd2 L4 nanocage assemblies. The isostructural nature of the scaffold frameworks enabled formation of combinatorial libraries from the self-assembly of ligand mixtures, generating a statistical mixture of multi-functional, low symmetry architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E. M. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub, 82 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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74
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Sudan S, Li RJ, Jansze SM, Platzek A, Rudolf R, Clever GH, Fadaei-Tirani F, Scopelliti R, Severin K. Identification of a Heteroleptic Pd 6L 6L' 6 Coordination Cage by Screening of a Virtual Combinatorial Library. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:1773-1778. [PMID: 33476512 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The design of structurally defined heteroleptic coordination cages is a challenging task, and only few examples are known to date. Here we describe a selection approach that allowed the identification of a novel hexanuclear Pd cage containing two types of dipyridyl ligands. A virtual combinatorial library of [PdnL2n](BF4)2n complexes was prepared by mixing six different dipyridyl ligands with substoichiometric amounts of [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2. Analysis of the equilibrated reaction mixture revealed the preferential formation of a heteroleptic [Pd6L6L'6](BF4)12 assembly. The complex was prepared on a preparative scale by a targeted synthesis, and its structure was elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It features an unprecedented trigonal-antiprismatic cage structure with two triangular Pd3L3 macrocycles bridged by six L' ligands. A related but significantly larger [Pd6L6L'6](BF4)12 cage was obtained by using metalloligands instead of organic dipyridyl ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Sudan
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ru-Jin Li
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suzanne M Jansze
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - André Platzek
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Robin Rudolf
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Farzaneh Fadaei-Tirani
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rosario Scopelliti
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kay Severin
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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75
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Cai LX, Yan DN, Cheng PM, Xuan JJ, Li SC, Zhou LP, Tian CB, Sun QF. Controlled Self-Assembly and Multistimuli-Responsive Interconversions of Three Conjoined Twin-Cages. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2016-2024. [PMID: 33471998 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive structural transformations between discrete coordination supramolecular architectures not only are essential to construct smart functional materials but also provide a versatile molecular-level platform to mimic the biological transformation process. We report here the controlled self-assembly of three topologically unprecedented conjoined twin-cages, i.e., one stapled interlocked Pd12L6 cage (2) and two helically isomeric Pd6L3 cages (3 and 4) made from the same cis-blocked palladium corners and a new bis-bidentate ligand (1). While cage 2 features three mechanically coupled cavities, cages 3 and 4 are topologically isomeric helicate-based twin-cages based on the same metal/ligand stoichiometry. Sole formation of cage 2 or a dynamic mixture of cages 3 and 4 can be controlled by changing the solvents employed during the self-assembly. Structural conversions between cages 3 and 4 can be triggered by changes in both temperature/solvent and induced-fit guest encapsulations. Well-controlled interconversion between such topologically complex superstructures may lay a solid foundation for achieving a variety of functions within a switchable system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Dan-Ni Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Pei-Ming Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Jin-Jin Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Shao-Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Li-Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Chong-Bin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
| | - Qing-Fu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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76
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Wu K, Zhang B, Drechsler C, Holstein JJ, Clever GH. Backbone-Bridging Promotes Diversity in Heteroleptic Cages. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:6403-6407. [PMID: 33113268 PMCID: PMC7986237 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The combination of shape-complementary bis-monodentate ligands LA and LB with PdII cations yields heteroleptic cages cis-[Pd2 LA 2 LB 2 ] by self-sorting. Herein, we report how such assemblies can be diversified by introduction of covalent backbone bridges between two LA units. Together with solvent and guest effects, the flexibility of these linkers can modulate nuclearity, topology, and number of cavities in a family of four structurally diverse assemblies. Ligand LA1 , with flexible linker, reacts in CH3 CN with its LB counterpart to a tetranuclear dimer D1. In DMSO, however, a trinuclear pseudo-tetrahedron T1 is formed. The product of LA2 , with rigid linker, looks similar to D1, but with a rotated ligand arrangement. In presence of an anionic guest, this dimer D2 transforms and a hexanuclear prismatic barrel P2 crystallizes. We demonstrate how controlling a ligand's coordination mode can trigger structural differentiation and increase complexity in metallo-supramolecular assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bo Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Christoph Drechsler
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Julian J Holstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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77
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Hiraoka S, Takahashi S, Sato H. Coordination Self-Assembly Processes Revealed by Collaboration of Experiment and Theory: Toward Kinetic Control of Molecular Self-Assembly. CHEM REC 2020; 21:443-459. [PMID: 33241912 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the collaboration of experiment and theory has been proven in many examples in science and technology. Here, such a new example is shown in the investigation of molecular self-assembly process, which is a complicated multi-step chemical reaction occurring in the reaction network composed of a huge number of intermediates. An experimental method, QASAP (quantitative analysis of self-assembly process), developed by us and a numerical approach, NASAP (numerical analysis of self-assembly process), that analyzes the experimental data obtained by QASAP to draw detail molecular self-assembly pathways, which was also developed by us, are introduced, and their application to the investigation of Pd(II)-mediated coordination assemblies are presented. Further, the possibility of the prediction of the outcomes of molecular self-assembly by varying the reaction conditions is also demonstrated. Finally, a future direction in the field of artificial molecular self-assembly based on pathway-dependent self-assembly, that is, kinetic control of molecular self-assembly is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalyst and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan.,Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8103, Japan
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78
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Legrand A, Wang Z, Troyano J, Furukawa S. Directional asymmetry over multiple length scales in reticular porous materials. Chem Sci 2020; 12:18-33. [PMID: 34163581 PMCID: PMC8178947 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature and synthetic materials, asymmetry is a useful tool to create complex and functional systems constructed from a limited number of building blocks. Reticular chemistry has allowed the synthesis of a wide range of discrete and extended structures, from which modularity permits the controlled assembly of their constituents to generate asymmetric configurations of pores or architectures. In this perspective, we present the different strategies to impart directional asymmetry over nano/meso/macroscopic length scales in porous materials and the resulting novel properties and applications. Design strategies for the controlled assembly of discrete and extended reticular materials with asymmetric configurations of pores or architectures.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Legrand
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Zaoming Wang
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan .,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Javier Troyano
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan .,Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
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79
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Mishra SS, Kompella SVK, Krishnaswamy S, Balasubramanian S, Chand DK. Low-Symmetry Self-Assembled Coordination Complexes with Exclusive Diastereoselectivity: Experimental and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12884-12894. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srabani S. Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Srinath V. K. Kompella
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Shobhana Krishnaswamy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Dillip K. Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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80
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Lewis JEM, Crowley JD. Metallo‐Supramolecular Self‐Assembly with Reduced‐Symmetry Ligands. Chempluschem 2020; 85:815-827. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James E. M. Lewis
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research Hub 80 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ United Kingdom
| | - James. D. Crowley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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81
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Lisboa LS, Findlay JA, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. A Reduced‐Symmetry Heterobimetallic [PdPtL
4
]
4+
Cage: Assembly, Guest Binding, and Stimulus‐Induced Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11101-11107. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Lisboa
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - James A. Findlay
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - L. James Wright
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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82
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Lisboa LS, Findlay JA, Wright LJ, Hartinger CG, Crowley JD. A Reduced‐Symmetry Heterobimetallic [PdPtL
4
]
4+
Cage: Assembly, Guest Binding, and Stimulus‐Induced Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S. Lisboa
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - James A. Findlay
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
| | - L. James Wright
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Christian G. Hartinger
- School of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Otago PO Box 56 Dunedin 9054 New Zealand
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83
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Preston D, Kruger PE. Using Complementary Ligand Denticity to Direct Metallosupramolecular Structure about Metal Ions with Square‐Planar Geometry. Chempluschem 2020; 85:454-465. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Preston
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology School of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of Canterbury Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
| | - Paul E. Kruger
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology School of Physical and Chemical SciencesUniversity of Canterbury Christchurch 8041 New Zealand
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84
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Hanprasit S, Yoshinari N, Saito D, Kato M, Konno T. Homoleptic versus heteroleptic trinuclear systems with mixed l-cysteinate and d-penicillaminate regulated by a diphosphine linker. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:3503-3509. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt00440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The generation of homoleptic versus heteroleptic coordination compounds was controlled by slight modification of the diphosphine linker in a digold(i) metalloligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasikarn Hanprasit
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Osaka 560-0043
- Japan
| | - Nobuto Yoshinari
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Osaka 560-0043
- Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Masako Kato
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Takumi Konno
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Osaka 560-0043
- Japan
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85
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Young TA, Martí-Centelles V, Wang J, Lusby PJ, Duarte F. Rationalizing the Activity of an “Artificial Diels-Alderase”: Establishing Efficient and Accurate Protocols for Calculating Supramolecular Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:1300-1310. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b10302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tom A. Young
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Jianzhu Wang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Paul J. Lusby
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, Scotland EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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86
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Endo K, Ube H, Shionoya M. Multi-Stimuli-Responsive Interconversion between Bowl- and Capsule-Shaped Self-Assembled Zinc(II) Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 142:407-416. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ube
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Shionoya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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87
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Lewis JEM, Tarzia A, White AJP, Jelfs KE. Conformational control of Pd 2L 4 assemblies with unsymmetrical ligands. Chem Sci 2019; 11:677-683. [PMID: 34123040 PMCID: PMC8146399 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05534g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing interest in the potential utility of metallo-supramolecular architectures for applications as diverse as catalysis and drug delivery, the ability to develop more complex assemblies is keenly sought after. Despite this, symmetrical ligands have been utilised almost exclusively to simplify the self-assembly process as without a significant driving foa mixture of isomeric products will be obtained. Although a small number of unsymmetrical ligands have been shown to serendipitously form well-defined metallo-supramolecular assemblies, a more systematic study could provide generally applicable information to assist in the design of lower symmetry architectures. Pd2L4 cages are a popular class of metallo-supramolecular assembly; research seeking to introduce added complexity into their structure to further their functionality has resulted in a handful of examples of heteroleptic structures, whilst the use of unsymmetrical ligands remains underexplored. Herein we show that it is possible to design unsymmetrical ligands in which either steric or geometric constraints, or both, can be incorporated into ligand frameworks to ensure exclusive formation of single isomers of three-dimensional Pd2L4 metallo-supramolecular assemblies with high fidelity. In this manner it is possible to access Pd2L4 cage architectures of reduced symmetry, a concept that could allow for the controlled spatial segregation of different functionalities within these systems. The introduction of steric directing groups was also seen to have a profound effect on the cage structures, suggesting that simple ligand modifications could be used to engineer structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E M Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 80 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 80 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 80 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Kim E Jelfs
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 80 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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88
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Tateishi T, Takahashi S, Okazawa A, Martí-Centelles V, Wang J, Kojima T, Lusby PJ, Sato H, Hiraoka S. Navigated Self-Assembly of a Pd2L4 Cage by Modulation of an Energy Landscape under Kinetic Control. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19669-19676. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Tateishi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Vicente Martí-Centelles
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jianzhu Wang
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Tatsuo Kojima
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - Paul J. Lusby
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Joseph Black Building, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Hirofumi Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Fukui Institute for Fundamental Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8103, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hiraoka
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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89
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Chen B, Horiuchi S, Holstein JJ, Tessarolo J, Clever GH. Tunable Fullerene Affinity of Cages, Bowls and Rings Assembled by Pd II Coordination Sphere Engineering. Chemistry 2019; 25:14921-14927. [PMID: 31529653 PMCID: PMC6899814 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For metal-mediated host compounds, the development of strategies to reduce symmetry and introduce multiple functionalities in a non-statistical way is a challenging task. We show that the introduction of steric stress around the coordination environment of square-planar PdII cations and bis-monodentate nitrogen donor ligands allows to control the size and shape of the assembled product, from [Pd2 L4 ] cages over [Pd2 L3 ] bowl-shaped structures to [Pd2 L2 ] rings. Therefore, banana-shaped ligand backbones were equipped with pyridines, two different quinoline isomers and acridine, the latter three introducing steric congestion through hydrogen substituents on annelated benzene rings. Differing behavior of the four resulting hosts towards the binding of C60 and C70 fullerenes was studied and related to structural differences by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The three cages based on pyridine, 6-quinoline or 3-quinoline donors were found to either bind C60 , C70 or no fullerene at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
- Division of Chemistry and Materials ScienceGraduate School of EngineeringNagasaki University, Bunkyo-machiNagasaki852-8521Japan
| | - Julian J. Holstein
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Jacopo Tessarolo
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyTU Dortmund UniversityOtto-Hahn-Strasse 644227DortmundGermany
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90
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Bardhan D, Chand DK. Palladium(II)-Based Self-Assembled Heteroleptic Coordination Architectures: A Growing Family. Chemistry 2019; 25:12241-12269. [PMID: 31158303 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-driven self-assembly is one of the most effective approaches to lucidly design a large range of discrete 2D and 3D coordination architectures/complexes. Palladium(II)-based self-assembled coordination architectures are usually prepared by using suitable metal components, in either a partially protected form (PdL') or typical form (Pd; charges are not shown), and designed ligand components. The self-assembled molecules prepared by using a metal component and only one type of bi- or polydentate ligand (L) can be classified in the homoleptic series of complexes. On the other hand, the less explored heteroleptic series of complexes are obtained by using a metal component and at least two different types of non-chelating bi- or polydentate ligands (such as La and Lb ). Methods that allow the controlled generation of single, discrete heteroleptic complexes are less understood. A survey of palladium(II)-based self-assembled coordination cages that are heteroleptic has been made. This review article illustrates a systematic collection of such architectures and credible justification of their formation, along with reported functional aspects of the complexes. The collected heteroleptic assemblies are classified here into three sections: 1) [(PdL')m (La )x (Lb )y ]-type complexes, in which the denticity of La and Lb is equal; 2) [(PdL')m (La )x (Lb )y ]-type complexes, in which the denticity of La and Lb is different; and 3) [Pdm (La )x (Lb )y ]-type complexes, in which the denticity of La and Lb is equal. Representative examples of some important homoleptic architectures are also provided, wherever possible, to set a background for a better understanding of the related heteroleptic versions. The purpose of this review is to pave the way for the construction of several unique heteroleptic coordination assemblies that might exhibit emergent supramolecular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devjanee Bardhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennnai, 600036, India
| | - Dillip Kumar Chand
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennnai, 600036, India
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91
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Lin L, Lin Y, Jin G. Coordination‐driven self‐assembly of Cp*Rh‐Based Rectangles, Cages and Their Host−Guest Binding Study. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Department of Translational Medicine Research CenterShenyang Medical College Shenyang 110034 People's Republic of China
| | - Yue‐Jian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
| | - Guo‐Xin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200433 People's Republic of China
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92
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Lin W, Wang Y, Lu H, Chen C. Helicene‐Based Illusory Chiral Supramolecular Expression of the Penrose Stairs: Chiroptical Property and Narcissistic Self‐Sorting. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Bin Lin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Yin‐Feng Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Hai‐Yan Lu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Chuan‐Feng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Function Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
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93
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Puig E, Desmarets C, Gontard G, Rager MN, Cooksy AL, Amouri H. Capturing a Square Planar Gold(III) Complex Inside a Platinum Nanocage: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3189-3195. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Puig
- Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Christophe Desmarets
- Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
| | | | - Andrew L. Cooksy
- Department of Chemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Hani Amouri
- Sorbonne Université-Faculté des Sciences et Ingénerie Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IPCM (UMR 8232), 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
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94
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Ayme JF, Beves JE, Campbell CJ, Leigh DA. Probing the Dynamics of the Imine-Based Pentafoil Knot and Pentameric Circular Helicate Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:3605-3612. [PMID: 30707020 PMCID: PMC6429429 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We investigate the self-assembly
dynamics of an imine-based pentafoil
knot and related pentameric circular helicates, each derived from
a common bis(formylpyridine)bipyridyl building block, iron(II) chloride,
and either monoamines or a diamine. The mixing of circular helicates
derived from different amines led to the complete exchange of the N-alkyl residues on the periphery of the metallo-supramolecular
scaffolds over 4 days in DMSO at 60 °C. Under similar conditions,
deuterium-labeled and nonlabeled building blocks showed full dialdehyde
building block exchange over 13 days for open circular helicates but
was much slower for the analogous closed-loop pentafoil knot (>60
days). Although both knots and open circular helicates self-assemble
under thermodynamic control given sufficiently long reaction times,
this is significantly longer than the time taken to afford the maximum
product yield (2 days). Highly effective error correction occurs during
the synthesis of imine-based pentafoil molecular knots and pentameric
circular helicates despite, in practice, the systems not operating
under full thermodynamic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Ayme
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
| | - Jonathon E Beves
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Campbell
- School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
| | - David A Leigh
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Road , Manchester M13 9PL , United Kingdom.,School of Chemistry , University of Edinburgh , The King's Buildings, West Mains Road , Edinburgh EH9 3JJ , United Kingdom
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95
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Ebbert KE, Schneider L, Platzek A, Drechsler C, Chen B, Rudolf R, Clever GH. Resolution of minor size differences in a family of heteroleptic coordination cages by trapped ion mobility ESI-MS. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11070-11075. [PMID: 31251313 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01814j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a complex system of heteroleptic coordination cages based on the combination of four bis-monodentate ligands whose backbones only slightly differ in shape and length. cis-[Pd2L2L'2] assemblies cleanly form after addition of PdII cations to a 1 : 1 mixture of two shape-complementary ligands, each. When three or even all four ligands are used in combination, the unambiguous discrimination of all individual species in the product mixture becomes difficult by conventional NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods. Due to steric constraints, the system is restricted to the formation of ten different coordination cages in total, two of which are isomeric. We show that high-resolution trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry (TIMS) allows the clear differentiation of all ten species. Observed size trends could be readily reproduced by the calculation of theoretical values for collisional cross sections (CCS) from geometry-optimized models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina E Ebbert
- Fakultät für Chemie und Chemische Biologie, TU Dortmund, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
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96
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Feng L, Wang KY, Day GS, Zhou HC. The chemistry of multi-component and hierarchical framework compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:4823-4853. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00250b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review is expected to provide a library of multi-component hierarchically porous compounds, which shall guide the state-of-the-art design of future porous materials with unprecedented tunability, synergism and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Feng
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Kun-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Gregory S. Day
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Hong-Cai Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
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97
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Pullen S, Clever GH. Mixed-Ligand Metal-Organic Frameworks and Heteroleptic Coordination Cages as Multifunctional Scaffolds-A Comparison. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:3052-3064. [PMID: 30379523 PMCID: PMC6437652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Porous nanostructures and materials based on metal-mediated self-assembly have developed into a vibrantly studied subdiscipline of supramolecular chemistry during the past decades. In principle, two branches of such coordination compounds can be distinguished: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on the one side represent infinite porous networks of metals or metal clusters that are connected via organic ligands to give solid-state materials. On the other hand, metal-organic cages (MOCs) are discrete and soluble systems with only a limited number of pores. Formation of a particular structure type is achieved by carefully balancing the donor site angles within the ligands as well as the nature and coordination geometry of the metal component. Years of research on MOFs and MOCs has yielded numerous types of well-defined porous crystals and complex supramolecular architectures. Since various synthetic routes and postsynthetic modification methods have been established, the focus of recent developments has moved toward the preparation of multifunctional systems that are able to mimic the structural and functional complexity of natural enzymes. This Account compares different strategies to prepare multifunctional MOFs and heteroleptic MOCs and gives a perspective on where to move forward. While the preparative toolbox for multifunctional MOFs is already quite mature, pore accessibility and substrate diffusion within the crystal have been identified as major challenges yet to be overcome. Only recently have a set of different strategies for the assembly of heteroleptic MOCs been developed. Such multifunctional cages can be formed from either partially protected or "naked" metal cations. Controlled assembly, producing single products rather than statistical mixtures, leans on assembly-dependent approaches making use of either steric effects or shape complementarity between the ligands. Further strategies include coordination-site engineering and hierarchical assembly of preformed components. The main challenge with heteroleptic, functional MOCs is to find a balance between the required dynamic assembly fidelity and the stability of the resulting system under operating conditions. If these limitations can be overcome in the future, chemists will be able to design multifunctional systems of similar activity and complexity as nature's enzymes from simple and easily accessible synthetic building blocks. Major impacts on chemical sensing, small-molecule recognition and sequestration, drug delivery, and catalysis will be achieved by these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Pullen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Guido H. Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn Straße 6, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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98
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Saha S, Holzapfel B, Chen YT, Terlinden K, Lill P, Gatsogiannis C, Rehage H, Clever GH. Rational Design of an Amphiphilic Coordination Cage-Based Emulsifier. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17384-17388. [PMID: 30516378 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled, porous coordination cages with a functional interior find application in controlled guest inclusion/release, drug delivery, separation processes, and catalysis. However, only few studies exist that describe their utilization for the development of self-assembled materials based on their 3-dimensional shape and external functionalization. Here, dodecyl chain-containing, acridone-based ligands (LA) and shape-complementary phenanthrene-derived ligands (LB) are shown to self-assemble to heteroleptic coordination cages cis-[Pd2(LA)2(LB)2]4+ acting as a gemini amphiphile (CGA-1; Cage-based Gemini Amphiphile-1). Owing to their anisotropic decoration with short polar and long nonpolar side chains, the cationic cages were found to assemble into vesicles with diameters larger than 100 nm in suitable polar solvents, visualized by cryo-TEM and Liquid-Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy (LC-TEM). LC-TEM reveals that these vesicles aggregate into chains and necklaces via long-range interactions. In addition, the cages show a rarely described ability to stabilize oil-in-oil emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Saha
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Björn Holzapfel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Yen-Ting Chen
- Center of Molecular Spectroscopy and Simulation of Solvent-driven Processes (ZEMOS), Ruhr-University Bochum , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Kai Terlinden
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Pascal Lill
- Department of Structural Biochemistry , Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Christos Gatsogiannis
- Department of Structural Biochemistry , Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Heinz Rehage
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , TU Dortmund University , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6 , 44227 Dortmund , Germany
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99
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Oldknow S, Martir DR, Pritchard VE, Blitz MA, Fishwick CWG, Zysman-Colman E, Hardie MJ. Structure-switching M 3L 2 Ir(iii) coordination cages with photo-isomerising azo-aromatic linkers. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8150-8159. [PMID: 30542566 PMCID: PMC6238882 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc03499k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclotriguaiacylene has been functionalised with 3- or 4-pyridyl-azo-phenyl groups to form a series of molecular hosts with three azobenzene-type groups that exhibit reversible photo-isomerisation. Reaction of the host molecules with [Ir(C^N)2(NCMe)2]+ where C^N is the cyclometallating 2-phenylpyridinato, 2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridinato or 2-(4,5,6-trifluorophenyl)pyridinato results in the self-assembly of a family of five different [{Ir(C^N)2}3(L)2]3+ coordination cages. Photo-irradiation of each of the cages with a high energy laser results in E → Z photo-isomerisation of the pyridyl-azo-phenyl groups with up to 40% of groups isomerising. Isomerisation can be reversed by exposure to blue light. Thus, the cages show reversible structure-switching while maintaining their compositional integrity. This represents the largest photo-induced structural change yet reported for a structurally-integral component of a coordination cage. Energy minimised molecular models indicate a switched cage has a smaller internal space than the initial all-E isomer. The [Ir(C^N)2(NCMe)2]+ cages are weakly emissive, each with a deep blue luminescence at ca. 450 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Oldknow
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Diego Rota Martir
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK
| | - Victoria E Pritchard
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Mark A Blitz
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Colin W G Fishwick
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre , EaStCHEM School of Chemistry , University of St Andrews , St Andrews , Fife KY16 9ST , UK
| | - Michaele J Hardie
- School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , Woodhouse Lane , Leeds LS2 9JT , UK .
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100
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Wang YS, Feng T, Wang YY, Hahn FE, Han YF. Homo- and Heteroligand Poly-NHC Metal Assemblies: Synthesis by Narcissistic and Social Self-Sorting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Ting Feng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - Yao-Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
| | - F. Ekkehardt Hahn
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 30 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P. R. China
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