51
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Cusin L, Peng H, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Chemical Conversion and Locking of the Imine Linkage: Enhancing the Functionality of Covalent Organic Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cusin
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg and CNRS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Haijun Peng
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg and CNRS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg and CNRS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires Université de Strasbourg and CNRS 8 alleé Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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52
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Vardhan H, Al-Enizi AM, Nafady A, Pan Y, Yang Z, Gutiérrez HR, Han X, Ma S. Single-Pore versus Dual-Pore Bipyridine-Based Covalent-Organic Frameworks: An Insight into the Heterogeneous Catalytic Activity for Selective CH Functionalization. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2003970. [PMID: 32914540 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exponential growth in the field of covalent-organic frameworks (COFs) is emanating from the direct correlation between designing principles and desired properties. The comparison of catalytic activity between single-pore and dual-pore COFs is of importance to establish structure-function relationship. Herein, the synthesis of imine-linked dual-pore [(BPyDC)]x % -ETTA COFs (x = 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) with controllable bipyridine content is fulfilled by three-component condensation of 4,4',4″,4'″-(ethene-1,1,2,2-tetrayl)tetraaniline (ETTA), 4,4'-biphenyldialdehyde, and 2,2'-bipyridyl-5,5'-dialdehyde in different stoichiometric ratio. The strong coordination of bipyridine moieties of [(BPyDC)]x % -ETTA COFs with palladium imparts efficient catalytic active sites for selective functionalization of sp2 CH bond to CX (X = Br, Cl) or CO bonds in good yield. To broaden the scope of regioselective CH functionalization, a wide range of electronically and sterically substituted substrates under optimized catalytic condition are investigated. A comparison of the catalytic activity of palladium decorated dual-pore frameworks with single-pore imine-linked Pd(II) @ Py-2,2'-BPyDC framework is undertaken. The finding of this work provides a sporadic example of chelation-assisted CH functionalization and disclosed an in-depth comparison of the relationship between superior catalytic activity and core properties of rationally designed imine linked frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Vardhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Abdullah M Al-Enizi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Nafady
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yanxiong Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | - Zhongyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blvd., Fargo, ND, 58108, USA
| | | | - Xiaolong Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Shengqian Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, 1508 W Mulberry St, Denton, TX, 76201, USA
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53
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Mohamed MG, Chen TC, Kuo SW. Solid-State Chemical Transformations to Enhance Gas Capture in Benzoxazine-Linked Conjugated Microporous Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Gamal Mohamed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Chen
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Kuo
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, Center of Crystal Research, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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54
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Hu J, Zanca F, McManus GJ, Riha IA, Nguyen HGT, Shirley W, Borcik CG, Wylie BJ, Benamara M, van Zee RD, Moghadam PZ, Beyzavi H. Catalyst-Enabled In Situ Linkage Reduction in Imine Covalent Organic Frameworks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:21740-21747. [PMID: 33913321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
New linkages for covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been continuously pursued by chemists as they serve as the structure and property foundation for the materials. Developing new reaction types or modifying known linkages have been the only two methods to create new COF linkages. Herein, we report a novel strategy that uses H3PO3 as a bifunctional catalyst to achieve amine-linked COFs from readily available amine and aldehyde linkers. The acidic proton of H3PO3 catalyzes the imine framework formation, which is then in situ reduced to the amine COF by the reductive P-H moiety. The amine-linked COF outperforms its imine analogue in promoting Knoevenagel condensation because of the more basic sites and higher stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Federica Zanca
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory J McManus
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, United States
| | - Isabella A Riha
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, Florida 33965, United States
| | - Huong Giang T Nguyen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - William Shirley
- Department of Chemistry, Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas 66762, United States
| | - Collin G Borcik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Benjamin J Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
| | - Mourad Benamara
- Institute for Nanoscience & Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Roger D van Zee
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Peyman Z Moghadam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Hudson Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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55
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Grunenberg L, Savasci G, Terban MW, Duppel V, Moudrakovski I, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Ochsenfeld C, Lotsch BV. Amine-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks as a Platform for Postsynthetic Structure Interconversion and Pore-Wall Modification. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:3430-3438. [PMID: 33626275 PMCID: PMC7953377 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c12249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks have emerged as a powerful synthetic platform for installing and interconverting dedicated molecular functions on a crystalline polymeric backbone with atomic precision. Here, we present a novel strategy to directly access amine-linked covalent organic frameworks, which serve as a scaffold enabling pore-wall modification and linkage-interconversion by new synthetic methods based on Leuckart-Wallach reduction with formic acid and ammonium formate. Frameworks connected entirely by secondary amine linkages, mixed amine/imine bonds, and partially formylated amine linkages are obtained in a single step from imine-linked frameworks or directly from corresponding linkers in a one-pot crystallization-reduction approach. The new, 2D amine-linked covalent organic frameworks, rPI-3-COF, rTTI-COF, and rPy1P-COF, are obtained with high crystallinity and large surface areas. Secondary amines, installed as reactive sites on the pore wall, enable further postsynthetic functionalization to access tailored covalent organic frameworks, with increased hydrolytic stability, as potential heterogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Grunenberg
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Butenandtstrasse
5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Gökcen Savasci
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Butenandtstrasse
5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- E-conversion,
Lichtenbergstrasse 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
and Center for NanoScience, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Maxwell W. Terban
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Viola Duppel
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Igor Moudrakovski
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Robert E. Dinnebier
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Butenandtstrasse
5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- E-conversion,
Lichtenbergstrasse 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
and Center for NanoScience, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max
Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Butenandtstrasse
5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- E-conversion,
Lichtenbergstrasse 4a, 85748 Garching, Germany
and Center for NanoScience, Schellingstrasse 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
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56
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Zhao X, Chen Y, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Design and application of covalent organic frameworks for ionic conduction. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review article comprehensively summarized recent progress in the development of covalent organic framework materials for ionic conduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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57
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Schneemann A, Dong R, Schwotzer F, Zhong H, Senkovska I, Feng X, Kaskel S. 2D framework materials for energy applications. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1600-1619. [PMID: 34163921 PMCID: PMC8179301 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05889k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years a massive increase in publications on conventional 2D materials (graphene, h-BN, MoS2) is documented, accompanied by the transfer of the 2D concept to porous (crystalline) materials, such as ordered 2D layered polymers, covalent-organic frameworks, and metal-organic frameworks. Over the years, the 3D frameworks have gained a lot of attention for use in applications, ranging from electronic devices to catalysis, and from information to separation technologies, mostly due to the modular construction concept and exceptionally high porosity. A key challenge lies in the implementation of these materials into devices arising from the deliberate manipulation of properties upon delamination of their layered counterparts, including an increase in surface area, higher diffusivity, better access to surface sites and a change in the band structure. Within this minireview, we would like to highlight recent achievements in the synthesis of 2D framework materials and their advantages for certain applications, and give some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schneemann
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Friedrich Schwotzer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Haixia Zhong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66 01069 Dresden Germany
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58
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Haase F, Hirschle P, Freund R, Furukawa S, Ji Z, Wuttke S. Beyond Frameworks: Structuring Reticular Materials across Nano-, Meso-, and Bulk Regimes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22350-22370. [PMID: 32449245 PMCID: PMC7756821 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reticular materials are of high interest for diverse applications, ranging from catalysis and separation to gas storage and drug delivery. These open, extended frameworks can be tailored to the intended application through crystal-structure design. Implementing these materials in application settings, however, requires structuring beyond their lattices, to interface the functionality at the molecular level effectively with the macroscopic world. To overcome this barrier, efforts in expressing structural control across molecular, nano-, meso-, and bulk regimes is the essential next step. In this Review, we give an overview of recent advances in using self-assembly as well as externally controlled tools to manufacture reticular materials over all the length scales. We predict that major research advances in deploying these two approaches will facilitate the use of reticular materials in addressing major needs of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Haase
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan
| | - Patrick Hirschle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 1181377MunichGermany
| | - Ralph Freund
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 1181377MunichGermany
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyoto606-8501Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-kuKyoto615-8510Japan
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of ChemistryStanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia94305-5012USA
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS)Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenButenandtstrasse 1181377MunichGermany
- BCMaterialsBasque Center for MaterialsUPV/EHU Science Park48940LeioaSpain
- IkerbasqueBasque Foundation for Science48013BilbaoSpain
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59
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Li S, Lafon O, Wang W, Wang Q, Wang X, Li Y, Xu J, Deng F. Recent Advances of Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy for Microporous Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002879. [PMID: 32902037 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microporous materials have attracted a rapid growth of research interest in materials science and the multidisciplinary area because of their wide applications in catalysis, separation, ion exchange, gas storage, drug release, and sensing. A fundamental understanding of their diverse structures and properties is crucial for rational design of high-performance materials and technological applications in industry. Solid-state NMR (SSNMR), capable of providing atomic-level information on both structure and dynamics, is a powerful tool in the scientific exploration of solid materials. Here, advanced SSNMR instruments and methods for characterization of microporous materials are briefly described. The recent progress of the application of SSNMR for the investigation of microporous materials including zeolites, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, porous aromatic frameworks, and layered materials is discussed with representative work. The versatile SSNMR techniques provide detailed information on the local structure, dynamics, and chemical processes in the confined space of porous materials. The challenges and prospects in SSNMR study of microporous and related materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhui Li
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Olivier Lafon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181- UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, F-59000, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, 75231, France
| | - Weiyu Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xingxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jun Xu
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Feng Deng
- National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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60
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Qian C, Zhou W, Qiao J, Wang D, Li X, Teo WL, Shi X, Wu H, Di J, Wang H, Liu G, Gu L, Liu J, Feng L, Liu Y, Quek SY, Loh KP, Zhao Y. Linkage Engineering by Harnessing Supramolecular Interactions to Fabricate 2D Hydrazone-Linked Covalent Organic Framework Platforms toward Advanced Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18138-18149. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qian
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jingsi Qiao
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Wei Liang Teo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xiangyan Shi
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jun Di
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Hou Wang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Long Gu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Lili Feng
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Yuchuan Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
| | - Su Ying Quek
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, 117551, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 117546 Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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61
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Haase F, Hirschle P, Freund R, Furukawa S, Ji Z, Wuttke S. Mehr als nur ein Netzwerk: Strukturierung retikulärer Materialien im Nano‐, Meso‐ und Volumenbereich. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Haase
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Patrick Hirschle
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 11 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Ralph Freund
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 11 81377 München Deutschland
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS) Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku Kyoto 615-8510 Japan
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford Kalifornien 94305-5012 USA
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS) Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Butenandtstraße 11 81377 München Deutschland
- BCMaterials Basque Center for Materials UPV/EHU Science Park 48940 Leioa Spanien
- Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Spanien
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62
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Guan Q, Wang GB, Zhou LL, Li WY, Dong YB. Nanoscale covalent organic frameworks as theranostic platforms for oncotherapy: synthesis, functionalization, and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:3656-3733. [PMID: 36132748 PMCID: PMC9419729 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00537a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer nanomedicine is one of the most promising domains that has emerged in the continuing search for cancer diagnosis and treatment. The rapid development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology provide a vast array of materials for use in cancer nanomedicine. Among the various nanomaterials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are becoming an attractive class of upstarts owing to their high crystallinity, structural regularity, inherent porosity, extensive functionality, design flexibility, and good biocompatibility. In this comprehensive review, recent developments and key achievements of COFs are provided, including their structural design, synthesis methods, nanocrystallization, and functionalization strategies. Subsequently, a systematic overview of the potential oncotherapy applications achieved till date in the fast-growing field of COFs is provided with the aim to inspire further contributions and developments to this nascent but promising field. Finally, development opportunities, critical challenges, and some personal perspectives for COF-based cancer therapeutics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Guan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Guang-Bo Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Le-Le Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University Jinan 250014 P. R. China
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Zhao C, Lyu H, Ji Z, Zhu C, Yaghi OM. Ester-Linked Crystalline Covalent Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14450-14454. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, and Berkeley Global Science Institute, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hao Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, and Berkeley Global Science Institute, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zhe Ji
- Department of Chemistry, Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, and Berkeley Global Science Institute, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Omar M. Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, and Berkeley Global Science Institute, University of California−Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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65
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Li C, Ma Y, Liu H, Tao L, Ren Y, Chen X, Li H, Yang Q. Asymmetric photocatalysis over robust covalent organic frameworks with tetrahydroquinoline linkage. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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66
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Xu Y, Du C, Zhou C, Yang S. A new Ni-diaminoglyoxime-g-C 3N 4 complex towards efficient photocatalytic ethanol splitting via a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7171-7174. [PMID: 32463031 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01120g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel Ni-diaminoglyoxime-g-C3N4 (Ni-DAG-CN) complex for H2 evolution through photocatalytic ethanol splitting. Compared to that of pristine g-C3N4, Ni-DAG-CN exhibits a 21-fold enhancement of photocatalytic activity (296.1 μmol h-1 g-1) under irradiation with excellent stability. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to a proposed ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) mechanism, which is illustrated both experimentally and theoretically. This work provides great potential in the future design of low-cost, high-performance photocatalysts for H2 evolution from alcohol splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, P. R. China.
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67
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Wang H, Wang H, Wang Z, Tang L, Zeng G, Xu P, Chen M, Xiong T, Zhou C, Li X, Huang D, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Tang J. Covalent organic framework photocatalysts: structures and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4135-4165. [PMID: 32421139 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00278j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the light of increasing energy demand and environmental pollution, it is urgently required to find a clean and renewable energy source. In these years, photocatalysis that uses solar energy for either fuel production, such as hydrogen evolution and hydrocarbon production, or environmental pollutant degradation, has shown great potential to achieve this goal. Among the various photocatalysts, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are very attractive due to their excellent structural regularity, robust framework, inherent porosity and good activity. Thus, many studies have been carried out to investigate the photocatalytic performance of COFs and COF-based photocatalysts. In this critical review, the recent progress and advances of COF photocatalysts are thoroughly presented. Furthermore, diverse linkers between COF building blocks such as boron-containing connections and nitrogen-containing connections are summarised and compared. The morphologies of COFs and several commonly used strategies pertaining to photocatalytic activity are also discussed. Following this, the applications of COF-based photocatalysts are detailed including photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, CO2 conversion and degradation of environmental contaminants. Finally, a summary and perspective on the opportunities and challenges for the future development of COF and COF-based photocatalysts are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
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68
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Li Y, Chen W, Xing G, Jiang D, Chen L. New synthetic strategies toward covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2852-2868. [PMID: 32377651 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00199f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) enable precise reticulation of organic building units into extended 2D and 3D open networks using strong covalent bonds to constitute predesignable topologies and tunable pore structures, presenting an emerging class of crystalline porous polymers. Although rapid progress and substantial achievements in COF chemistry over the past 15 years have been realised, highly efficient strategies and reproducible procedures still play a central role in achieving high-quality COFs and serve as a major driving force for the further advancement of this promising field. In this review, we focused on the key progress in synthesising high-quality COF crystallites and films by highlighting their uniqueness from the viewpoints of synthetic strategies and procedures. We discussed representative synthetic methods including mechanochemical synthesis, microwave synthesis, multicomponent reaction, multistep synthesis and linker exchange strategies to compare their features in producing COFs. We scrutinised the recently developed "two-in-one" molecular design strategy to showcase advantages in optimising synthetic conditions such as catalyst, monomer feeding rate and tolerance to functional groups. We analysed interfacial polymerisation for fabricating various COF films by emphasising their scope and applicability. Moreover, we proposed key underlying challenges to be solved and predicted future frontiers from the perspectives of synthesising high quality crystallites and films that are key to practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Plus, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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69
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Fan H, Peng M, Strauss I, Mundstock A, Meng H, Caro J. High-Flux Vertically Aligned 2D Covalent Organic Framework Membrane with Enhanced Hydrogen Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6872-6877. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Fan
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manhua Peng
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstrasse 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Strauss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Mundstock
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hong Meng
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jürgen Caro
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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70
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Li XT, Zou J, Wang TH, Ma HC, Chen GJ, Dong YB. Construction of Covalent Organic Frameworks via Three-Component One-Pot Strecker and Povarov Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6521-6526. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Tian Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Tong-Hai Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Chao Ma
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Gong-Jun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
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71
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Nguyen HL, Gropp C, Yaghi OM. Reticulating 1D Ribbons into 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks by Imine and Imide Linkages. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2771-2776. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha L. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley; Berkeley Global Science Institute; and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cornelius Gropp
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley; Berkeley Global Science Institute; and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Omar M. Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley; Berkeley Global Science Institute; and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- UC Berkeley-KACST Joint Center of Excellence for Nanomaterials for Clean Energy Applications, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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72
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Geng K, He T, Liu R, Dalapati S, Tan KT, Li Z, Tao S, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Jiang D. Covalent Organic Frameworks: Design, Synthesis, and Functions. Chem Rev 2020; 120:8814-8933. [PMID: 31967791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1229] [Impact Index Per Article: 307.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of crystalline porous organic polymers with permanent porosity and highly ordered structures. Unlike other polymers, a significant feature of COFs is that they are structurally predesignable, synthetically controllable, and functionally manageable. In principle, the topological design diagram offers geometric guidance for the structural tiling of extended porous polygons, and the polycondensation reactions provide synthetic ways to construct the predesigned primary and high-order structures. Progress over the past decade in the chemistry of these two aspects undoubtedly established the base of the COF field. By virtue of the availability of organic units and the diversity of topologies and linkages, COFs have emerged as a new field of organic materials that offer a powerful molecular platform for complex structural design and tailor-made functional development. Here we target a comprehensive review of the COF field, provide a historic overview of the chemistry of the COF field, survey the advances in the topology design and synthetic reactions, illustrate the structural features and diversities, scrutinize the development and potential of various functions through elucidating structure-function correlations based on interactions with photons, electrons, holes, spins, ions, and molecules, discuss the key fundamental and challenging issues that need to be addressed, and predict the future directions from chemistry, physics, and materials perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Geng
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ting He
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ruoyang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sasanka Dalapati
- Field of Environment and Energy, School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi 923-1292, Japan
| | - Ke Tian Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhongping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yifan Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Qiuhong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Donglin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Faulty of Science, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, P. R. China
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73
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Haase F, Lotsch BV. Solving the COF trilemma: towards crystalline, stable and functional covalent organic frameworks. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8469-8500. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strategies in covalent organic frameworks and adjacent fields are highlighted for designing stable, ordered and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Haase
- Institute of Functional Interfaces
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Nanochemistry Department
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research
- 70569 Stuttgart
- Germany
- Department of Chemistry
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74
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Liang RR, Jiang SY, A RH, Zhao X. Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks with hierarchical porosity. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:3920-3951. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00049c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the state-of-the-art progress achieved in two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with hierarchical porosity, an emerging class of COFs constructed by integrating different types of pores into one framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Ran Liang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shu-Yan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Ru-Han A
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
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