51
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Chapyshev SV, Korchagin DV, Misochko EY. Recent advances in chemistry of high-spin nitrenes. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Experimental and theoretical studies on aromatic nitrenes bearing from three to six unpaired electrons and having quartet, quintet, sextet or septet ground spin states, published in the last 15 years are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the magnetic properties of high-spin nitrenes and all other known high-spin organic molecules is performed. Promising areas of practical application of high-spin nitrenes as molecular magnets and as qubits and qudits for quantum computations are discussed.
The bibliography includes 214 references.
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52
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Magnan F, Dhindsa JS, Anghel M, Bazylewski P, Fanchini G, Gilroy JB. A divergent strategy for the synthesis of redox-active verdazyl radical polymers. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We describe a divergent synthetic strategy based on ATRP and CuAAC chemistry for the production of stable radical polymers. As a proof of concept, we prepare verdazyl radical polymers with properties suitable for use in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Magnan
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Jasveer S. Dhindsa
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Michael Anghel
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Paul Bazylewski
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
| | - Giovanni Fanchini
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
| | - Joe B. Gilroy
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Western Ontario
- London
- Canada
- The Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials Research (CAMBR)
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53
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Kasemthaveechok S, Abella L, Jean M, Cordier M, Roisnel T, Vanthuyne N, Guizouarn T, Cador O, Autschbach J, Crassous J, Favereau L. Axially and Helically Chiral Cationic Radical Bicarbazoles: SOMO-HOMO Level Inversion and Chirality Impact on the Stability of Mono- and Diradical Cations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:20409-20418. [PMID: 33201694 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report persistent chiral organic mono- and diradical cations based on bicarbazole molecular design with an unprecedented stability dependence on the type of chirality, namely, axial versus helical. An unusual chemical stability was observed for sterically unprotected axial bicarbazole radical in comparison with monocarbazole and helical bicarbazole ones. Such results were experimentally and theoretically investigated, revealing an inversion in energy of the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) and the highest (doubly) occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) in both axial and helical bicarbazole monoradicals along with a subtle difference of electronic coupling between the two carbazole units, which is modulated by their relative dihedral angle and related to the type of chirality. Such findings allowed us to explore in depth the SOMO-HOMO inversion (SHI) in chiral radical molecular systems and provide new insights regarding its impact on the stability of organic radicals. Finally, these specific electronic properties allowed us to prepare a persistent, intrinsically chiral, diradical which notably displayed near-infrared electronic circular dichroism responses up to 1100 nm and almost degenerate singlet-triplet ground states with weak antiferromagnetic interactions evaluated by magnetometry experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Abella
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Marion Jean
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13284, France
| | - Marie Cordier
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille 13284, France
| | | | - Olivier Cador
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Jeanne Crassous
- Université Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France
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54
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Das S, Homray M, Misra A. A New Approach to Design High Spin Organic Systems: Aromatic Stabilization with Exo‐cyclic π Electrons Plays Crucial Role. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumik Das
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Darjeeling 734013 India
| | - Manoswita Homray
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Darjeeling 734013 India
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department of Chemistry University of North Bengal Darjeeling 734013 India
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55
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Chen D, Szczepanik DW, Zhu J, Solà M. Probing the Origin of Adaptive Aromaticity in 16-Valence-Electron Metallapentalenes. Chemistry 2020; 26:12964-12971. [PMID: 32519777 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Species with adaptive aromaticity are aromatic in the ground and lowest-lying triplet excited states and they have normally intermediate singlet-triplet gaps. Few examples of compounds with adaptive aromaticity are known to date, including 16-valence-electron (16e) metallapentalenes. A sweeping search could be conducted to discover new members of this group, but efficient designs with an explicit strategy would facilitate the quest for new members of this elusive family. Density functional theory calculations and aromaticity evaluations have been performed to reveal the nature of triplet-state aromaticity in 16e metallapentalenes. Our results show that coordination of strong σ- or π-donor ligands helps achieving adaptive aromaticity of 16e metallapentalenes by means of a spin delocalization mechanism. These results have important implications for understanding the unusual properties of the organometallic adaptive aromatics, leading the way to efficient design of new compounds with tunable singlet-triplet gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.,Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Dariusz W Szczepanik
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain.,K. Guminski Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa, 2, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institute of Computational Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, C/ M. Aurèlia Capmany, 69, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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56
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Tani F, Narita M, Murafuji T. Helicene Radicals: Molecules Bearing a Combination of Helical Chirality and Unpaired Electron Spin. Chempluschem 2020; 85:2093-2104. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fumito Tani
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Masahiro Narita
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Murafuji
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation Yamaguchi University Yamaguchi 753-8512 Japan
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57
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Yang W, Sukhanov AA, Lim JH, Li X, Meng Y, Zhao J, Sun H, Lee JY, Gurzadyan GG, Voronkova VK. N^N Pt(II) Bisacetylide Complexes with Oxoverdazyl Radical Ligands: Preparation, Photophysical Properties, and Magnetic Exchange Interaction between the Two Radical Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12471-12485. [PMID: 32786395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To study the effect of a stable radical on the photophysical properties of a phosphorescent Pt(II) coordination framework and the intramolecular magnetic interaction between radical ligands in the N^N Pt(II) bisacetylide complexes, we prepared a series of N^N Pt(II) bis(acetylide) complexes with oxoverdazyl radical acetylide ligands. The linker between the Pt(II) center and the spin carrier was systematically varied, to probe the effect on the sign and magnitude of the spin exchange interactions between the radical ligands and photophysical properties. The complexes were studied with steady-state and femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) computations. The transient absorption spectral studies show that the doublet excited state of the radicals are short-lived (τD ≈ 2 ps) and nonfluorescent. Moreover, the intrinsic long-lived triplet excited state (τT = 1.2 μs) of the Pt(II) coordination center was efficiently quenched by the radical (τT = 6.9 ps for one representative radical Pt(II) complex). The intramolecular magnetic interaction between the radical ligands through the diamagnetic Pt(II) atom was studied with temperature-dependent EPR spectroscopy; antiferromagnetic exchange interaction (-J S1S2, J = -5.4 ± 0.1 cm-1) for the complex with the shortest radical-radical distance through bridge fragments was observed. DFT computations give similar results for the sign and magnitude of the J values. For complexes with larger inter-radical distance, however, very weak coupling between the radical ligands was observed (|J| < 0.7 cm-1). Our results are useful for the study of the effect of a radical on the photophysical properties of the phosphorescent transition-metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Andrei A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
| | - Jong Hyeon Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, F-209 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Yinshan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Haoling Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-Ro, Jangan-Gu, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, F-209 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Kazan 420029, Russia
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58
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Ito S, Ishida T. Practically Diamagnetic Macrocycle Consisting of Nickel-biradical Heterospins with the Largest Out-of-plane Torsion at Coordination Bonds. CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Ito
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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59
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Song S, Guo N, Li X, Li G, Haketa Y, Telychko M, Su J, Lyu P, Qiu Z, Fang H, Peng X, Li J, Wu X, Li Y, Su C, Koh MJ, Wu J, Maeda H, Zhang C, Lu J. Real-Space Imaging of a Single-Molecule Monoradical Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13550-13557. [PMID: 32633951 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Organic radicals consisting of light elements exhibit a low spin-orbit coupling and weak hyperfine interactions with a long spin coherence length, which are crucial for future applications in molecular spintronics. However, the synthesis and characterization of these organic radicals have been a formidable challenge due to their chemical instability arising from unpaired electrons. Here, we report a direct imaging of the surface chemical transformation of an organic monoradical synthesized via the monodehydrogenation of a chemically designed precursor. Bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy unambiguously resolves various products formed through a complex structural dissociation and rearrangement of organic monoradicals. Density functional theory calculations reveal detailed reaction pathways from the monoradical to different cyclized products. Our study provides unprecedented insights into complex surface reaction mechanisms of organic radical reactions at the single molecule level, which may guide the design of stable organic radicals for future quantum technology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China
| | - Na Guo
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore
| | - Xinzhe Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Yohei Haketa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Jie Su
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Pin Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhizhan Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hanyan Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinnan Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xinbang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ying Li
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China
| | - Chenliang Su
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Center, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronic Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Materials Information Functional Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shen Zhen 518060, China
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Hiromitsu Maeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117542, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.,Centre for Advanced 2D Materials (CA2DM), National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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60
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Zhang X, Hou Y, Xiao X, Chen X, Hu M, Geng X, Wang Z, Zhao J. Recent development of the transition metal complexes showing strong absorption of visible light and long-lived triplet excited state: From molecular structure design to photophysical properties and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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61
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Feng Z, Fang Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Stable Radical Cation and Dication of an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digallene: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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62
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Feng Z, Fang Y, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. Stable Radical Cation and Dication of an N-Heterocyclic Carbene Stabilized Digallene: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:6769-6774. [PMID: 31994317 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
One- and two-electron oxidation of a digallene stabilized by an N-heterocyclic carbene afforded the first stable gallium-based radical cation and dication salts, respectively. Structural analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the oxidation occurs at the Ga=Ga double bond, leading to removal of π electrons of the double bond and a decrease of the bond order. The spin density of the radical cation mainly locates at the two gallium centers as demonstrated by EPR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Moreover, the reactivity of the radical cation salt toward nBu3 SnH and cyclo-S8 was studied; a digallium-hydride cation salt containing a Ga-Ga single bond and a gallium sulfide cluster bearing an unprecedented ladder-like Ga4 S4 core structure were obtained, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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63
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Tang S, Zhang L, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Wang X. A Magnetically Robust Triplet Ground State Sulfur-Hydrocarbon Diradical Dication. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7340-7344. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545006, China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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64
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Kolanji K, Baumgarten M. Dithienopyrrole Derivatives with Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals and Their Oxidation to Cationic High-Spin Molecules. Chemistry 2020; 26:3626-3632. [PMID: 31872922 PMCID: PMC7155055 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Three 1 N‐phenyl nitronyl nitroxide (NN) 4‐substituted dithieno[3,2‐b:2′,3′‐d]pyrrole (DTP) derivatives with R1=4‐phenyl‐, 4H‐, and 4‐methylthiothiophenyl‐ (R12DTP‐Ph‐NN, R1=H, Ph and MeSTh) were designed, synthesized and characterized. The electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). All the molecules exhibited two main oxidation peaks, first for radical cation and next for dication formation. The cation and dication formation were also confirmed by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy for Ph2DTP‐Ph‐NN and MeSTh2DTP‐Ph‐NN titrated with tris(4‐bromophenyl)aminiumhexachloroantimonate (magic blue). In addition, the cation and dication formation were verified by EPR spectroscopy. Finally, the exchange interactions (J/kB) of NN and radical cation were calculated by DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubandiran Kolanji
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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65
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Schweicher G, Garbay G, Jouclas R, Vibert F, Devaux F, Geerts YH. Molecular Semiconductors for Logic Operations: Dead-End or Bright Future? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905909. [PMID: 31965662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The field of organic electronics has been prolific in the last couple of years, leading to the design and synthesis of several molecular semiconductors presenting a mobility in excess of 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 . However, it is also started to recently falter, as a result of doubtful mobility extractions and reduced industrial interest. This critical review addresses the community of chemists and materials scientists to share with it a critical analysis of the best performing molecular semiconductors and of the inherent charge transport physics that takes place in them. The goal is to inspire chemists and materials scientists and to give them hope that the field of molecular semiconductors for logic operations is not engaged into a dead end. To the contrary, it offers plenty of research opportunities in materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Schweicher
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Guillaume Garbay
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Rémy Jouclas
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - François Vibert
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Félix Devaux
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de chimie des polymères, Faculté des Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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Wang W, Ge L, Xue G, Miao F, Chen P, Chen H, Lin Y, Ni Y, Xiong J, Hu Y, Wu J, Zheng Y. Fine-tuning the diradical character of molecular systems via the heteroatom effect. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1405-1408. [PMID: 31912829 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08538f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Heteroatoms were introduced as a novel modification strategy for fine-tuning the diradical character of molecular systems. Both the diradical character and the singlet-triplet energy gaps of diketopyrrolopyrrole based phenoxyl diradicaloids decreased as the size of the substituted heteroatoms (from O, S to Se atom) increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Wang
- Department School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Institution University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Lingbing Ge
- Department School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Institution University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Guodong Xue
- Department School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Institution University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Fang Miao
- Department School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Institution University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Pingan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hanjiao Chen
- Analytical & Testing Center Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yiwei Lin
- Department School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Institution University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- West China School of Public Health and Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education & Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Structural Physics and Devices School of Physics and Electronics Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yonghao Zheng
- Department School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering Institution University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu 610054, China.
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67
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Murata T, Asakura N, Ukai S, Ueda A, Kanzaki Y, Sato K, Takui T, Morita Y. Intramolecular Magnetic Interaction of Spin-Delocalized Neutral Radicals through m-Phenylene Spacers. Chempluschem 2020; 84:680-685. [PMID: 31944024 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new diradical having two 4,8,10-trioxotriangulene (TOT) neutral radical units linked through an m-phenylene moiety was synthesized and characterized by ESR measurements. An electrochemical study showed that the diradical undergoes two one-electron reductions to generate corresponding dianion species, suggesting the electronic interaction between two TOT units through the π-conjugated spacer. A strong intramolecular interaction between the two TOT units gives rise to the spin-projected small hyperfine couplings in comparison with those of the monomer. Furthermore, the temperature dependent ESR measurement revealed that the dimer behaves as an S=1 species in the ground state with a ferromagnetic interaction of 2 J/kB =+7±3 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa, 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Asakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa, 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa, 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanzaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa, 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
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68
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Rogers FJM, Norcott PL, Coote ML. Recent advances in the chemistry of benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl radicals. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:8255-8277. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01394c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzo[e][1,2,4]triazinyl, or Blatter radicals, are stable free radicals with customisable magnetic, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and wide-ranging applications in synthesis and functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus J. M. Rogers
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Philip L. Norcott
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
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69
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Hattori Y, Michail E, Schmiedel A, Moos M, Holzapfel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Müller U, Pflaum J, Lambert C. Luminescent Mono-, Di-, and Triradicals: Bridging Polychlorinated Triarylmethyl Radicals by Triarylamines and Triarylboranes. Chemistry 2019; 25:15463-15471. [PMID: 31478580 PMCID: PMC6916318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Up to three polychlorinated pyridyldiphenylmethyl radicals bridged by a triphenylamine carrying electron withdrawing (CN), neutral (Me), or donating (OMe) groups were synthesized and analogous radicals bridged by tris(2,6-dimethylphenyl)borane were prepared for comparison. All compounds were as stable as common closed-shell organic compounds and showed significant fluorescence upon excitation. Electronic, magnetic, absorption, and emission properties were examined in detail, and experimental results were interpreted using DFT calculations. Oxidation potentials, absorption and emission energies could be tuned depending on the electron density of the bridges. The triphenylamine bridges mediated intramolecular weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the radical spins, and the energy difference between the high spin and low spin states was determined by temperature dependent ESR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The fluorescent properties of all radicals were examined in detail and revealed no difference for high and low spin states which facilitates application of these dyes in two-photon absorption spectroscopy and OLED devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hattori
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institute of PhysicsJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Institute of PhysicsJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institute of Organic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-University WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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70
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Yamamoto T, Kato K, Shimizu D, Tanaka T, Osuka A. Phenylene-bridged Porphyrin meso-Oxy Radical Dimers. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4031-4034. [PMID: 31419053 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stable meta- and para-phenylene bridged porphyrin meso-oxy radical dimers and their NiII and ZnII complexes were synthesized. All the dimers exhibited optical and electrochemical properties similar to the corresponding porphyrin meso-oxy radical monomers, indicating small electronic interaction between the two spins. Intramolecular spin-spin interaction through the π-spacer was determined to be J/kB =-15.9 K for m-phenylene bridged ZnII porphyrin dimer. The observed weak antiferromagnetic interaction has been attributed to less effective conjugation between the porphyrin radical and linking π-spacer due to large dihedral angle. In the case of ZnII complexes, both para- and meta-phenylene bridged dimers formed 1D-chain in solutions and in the solid states through Zn-O coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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71
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Sadhukhan T, Beckett D, Thapa B, Raghavachari K. Coupling Constants, High Spin, and Broken Symmetry States of Organic Radicals: an Assessment of the Molecules-in-Molecules Fragmentation-Based Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:5998-6009. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tumpa Sadhukhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405 Indiana, United States
| | - Daniel Beckett
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405 Indiana, United States
| | - Bishnu Thapa
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405 Indiana, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405 Indiana, United States
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72
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Hussain M, Taddei M, Bussotti L, Foggi P, Zhao J, Liu Q, Di Donato M. Intersystem Crossing in Naphthalenediimide-Oxoverdazyl Dyads: Synthesis and Study of the Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2019; 25:15615-15627. [PMID: 31596003 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Oxoverdazyl (Vz) radical units were covalently linked to the naphthalenediimide (NDI) chromophore to study the effect of the radical on the photophysical properties, especially the radical enhanced intersystem crossing (REISC), which is a promising approach to develop heavy-atom-free triplet photosensitizers. Rigid phenyl or ethynylphenyl linkers between the two moieties were used, thus REISC and formation of doublet (D1 , total spin quantum number S=1/2) and quartet states (Q1 , S=3/2) are anticipated. The photophysical properties of the dyads were studied with steady-state and femtosecond/nanosecond transient absorption (TA) spectroscopies and DFT computations. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra show a fast electron transfer (<150 fs), and ISC (ca. 1.4-1.85 ps) is induced by charge recombination (CR, in toluene). Nanosecond transient absorption spectra demonstrated a biexponential decay of the triplet state of the NDI moiety. The fast component (lifetime: 50 ns; population ratio: 80 %) is assigned to the D1 →D0 decay, and the slow decay component (2.0 μs; 20 %) to the Q1 →D0 ISC. DFT computations indicated ferromagnetic interactions between the radical and chromophore (J=0.07-0.13 eV). Reversible formation of the radical anion of the NDI moiety by photoreduction of the radical-NDI dyads in the presence of sacrificial electron donor triethanolamine (TEOA) is achieved. This work is useful for design of new triplet photosensitizers based on the REISC effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushraf Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 LingGong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Maria Taddei
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura Bussotti
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Paolo Foggi
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Largo Enrico, Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica, Universita di Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus, 2 LingGong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, P. R. China
| | - Mariangela Di Donato
- LENS (European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy), Via N. Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,INO, Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Largo Enrico, Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy
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73
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Shu C, Zhang H, Olankitwanit A, Rajca S, Rajca A. High-Spin Diradical Dication of Chiral π-Conjugated Double Helical Molecule. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:17287-17294. [PMID: 31596077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report an air-stable diradical dication of chiral D2-symmetric conjoined bis[5]diazahelicene with an unprecedented high-spin (triplet) ground state, singlet triplet energy gap, ΔEST = 0.3 kcal mol-1. The diradical dication possesses closed-shell (Kekulé) resonance forms with 16 π-electron perimeters. The diradical dication is monomeric in dibutyl phthalate (DBP) matrix at low temperatures, and it has a half-life of more than 2 weeks at ambient conditions in the presence of excess oxidant. A barrier of ∼35 kcal mol-1 has been experimentally determined for inversion of configuration in the neutral conjoined bis[5]diazahelicene, while the inversion barriers in its radical cation and diradical dication were predicted by the DFT computations to be within a few kcal mol-1 of that in the neutral species. Chiral HPLC resolution provides the chiral D2-symmetric conjoined bis[5]diazahelicene, enriched in (P,P)- or (M,M)-enantiomers. The enantiomerically enriched triplet diradical dication is configurationally stable for 48 h at room temperature, thus providing the lower limit for inversion barrier of configuration of 27 kcal mol-1. The enantiomers of conjoined bis[5]diazahelicene and its diradical dication show strong chirooptical properties that are comparable to [6]helicene or carbon-sulfur [7]helicene, as determined by the anisotropy factors, |g| = |Δε|/ε = 0.007 at 348 nm (neutral) and |g| = 0.005 at 385 nm (diradical dication). DFT computations of the radical cation suggest that SOMO and HOMO energy levels are near-degenerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Shu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Arnon Olankitwanit
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
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74
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Mondal MK, Zhang L, Feng Z, Tang S, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Ruan H, Wang X. Tricoordinate Nontrigonal Pnictogen‐Centered Radical Anions: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201910139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Mondal
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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75
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Mondal MK, Zhang L, Feng Z, Tang S, Feng R, Zhao Y, Tan G, Ruan H, Wang X. Tricoordinate Nontrigonal Pnictogen‐Centered Radical Anions: Isolation, Characterization, and Reactivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15829-15833. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201910139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manas Kumar Mondal
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
- Center of Materials Science and Engineering Guangxi University of Science and Technology Liuzhou 545006 China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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76
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Tian Q, Xie S. Spin Injection and Transport in Organic Materials. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10090596. [PMID: 31510018 PMCID: PMC6780273 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review introduces some important spin phenomena of organic molecules and solids and their devices: Organic spin injection and transport, organic spin valves, organic magnetic field effects, organic excited ferromagnetism, organic spin currents, etc. We summarize the experimental and theoretical progress of organic spintronics in recent years and give prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Tian
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Shijie Xie
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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77
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78
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Mendez-Vega E, Mieres-Perez J, Chapyshev SV, Sander W. Persistent Organic High-Spin Trinitrenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12994-12998. [PMID: 31265166 PMCID: PMC7687127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The septet ground state trinitrenes 1,3,5‐trichloro‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene and 1,3,5‐tribromo‐2,4,6‐trinitrenobenzene were isolated in inert (Ar, Ne, and Xe) as well as reactive matrices (H2, O2, and H2O) at cryogenic temperatures. These trinitrenes were obtained in high yields by UV photolysis of the corresponding triazides and characterized by IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The trinitrenes, despite bearing six unpaired electrons, are remarkably unreactive towards molecular oxygen and hydrogen and are persistent in water ice up to 160 K where the water matrix starts to sublime off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Mendez-Vega
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Joel Mieres-Perez
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sergei V Chapyshev
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Wolfram Sander
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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79
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La Porte NT, Christensen JA, Krzyaniak MD, Rugg BK, Wasielewski MR. Spin-Selective Photoinduced Electron Transfer within Naphthalenediimide Diradicals. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7731-7739. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b06303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T. La Porte
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Joseph A. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Matthew D. Krzyaniak
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Brandon K. Rugg
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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80
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Kashiro A, Kyoden Y, Okazawa A, Ishida T. Moving Organic Molecules in Crystalline Solids: Gradual Structural Transition and Spin Transition/Crossover. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Takayuki Ishida
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications
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81
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Kato K, Osuka A. meta
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para
‐Phenylenediamine‐Fused Porphyrin Dimers: Synthesis and Magnetic Interactions of Their Dication Diradicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8546-8550. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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82
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Cole BE, Cheisson T, Higgins RF, Nakamaru-Ogiso E, Manor BC, Carroll PJ, Schelter EJ. Redox-Driven Chelation and Kinetic Separation of Select Rare Earths Using a Tripodal Nitroxide Proligand. Inorg Chem 2019; 59:172-178. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bren E. Cole
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Thibault Cheisson
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Robert F. Higgins
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eiko Nakamaru-Ogiso
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Brian C. Manor
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Patrick J. Carroll
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Eric J. Schelter
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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83
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Kato K, Osuka A. meta
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para
‐Phenylenediamine‐Fused Porphyrin Dimers: Synthesis and Magnetic Interactions of Their Dication Diradicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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84
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Feng R, Zhang L, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. A Main‐Group Element Radical Based One‐Dimensional Magnetic Chain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
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85
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Feng R, Zhang L, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. A Main-Group Element Radical Based One-Dimensional Magnetic Chain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6084-6088. [PMID: 30784151 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The first main-group element radical based one-dimensional magnetic chain (1K)n was realized by one-electron reduction of the pyridinyl functionalized borane 1 with elemental potassium in THF in the absence of 18-crown-6 (18-c-6). The electron spin density of (1K)n mainly resides at the boron centers with a considerable contribution from central benzene and pyridine moieties. The spin centers exhibit an antiferromagnetic interaction as demonstrated by magnetic measurements and theoretical calculations. In contrast, the reduction in the presence of 18-c-6 afforded the separated radical anion salt 1K(Crown), in which the potassium cation was trapped by THF and 18-c-6 molecules. Further one-electron reduction of 1K(Crown) and (1K)n led to the diamagnetic monomer and polymer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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86
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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87
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Kato K, Osuka A. Platforms for Stable Carbon‐Centered Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8978-8986. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of ScienceKyoto University Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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88
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Gallagher N, Zhang H, Junghoefer T, Giangrisostomi E, Ovsyannikov R, Pink M, Rajca S, Casu MB, Rajca A. Thermally and Magnetically Robust Triplet Ground State Diradical. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:4764-4774. [PMID: 30816035 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
High spin ( S = 1) organic diradicals may offer enhanced properties with respect to several emerging technologies, but typically exhibit low singlet triplet energy gaps and possess limited thermal stability. We report triplet ground state diradical 2 with a large singlet-triplet energy gap, Δ EST ≥ 1.7 kcal mol-1, leading to nearly exclusive population of triplet ground state at room temperature, and good thermal stability with onset of decomposition at ∼160 °C under inert atmosphere. Magnetic properties of 2 and the previously prepared diradical 1 are characterized by SQUID magnetometry of polycrystalline powders, in polystyrene glass, and in other matrices. Polycrystalline diradical 2 forms a novel one-dimensional (1D) spin-1 ( S = 1) chain of organic radicals with intrachain antiferromagnetic coupling of J'/ k = -14 K, which is associated with the N···N and N···O intermolecular contacts. The intrachain antiferromagnetic coupling in 2 is by far strongest among all studied 1D S = 1 chains of organic radicals, which also makes 1D S = 1 chains of 2 most isotropic, and therefore an excellent system for studies of low-dimensional magnetism. In polystyrene glass and in frozen benzene or dibutyl phthalate solution, both 1 and 2 are monomeric. Diradical 2 is thermally robust and is evaporated under ultrahigh vacuum to form thin films of intact diradicals on silicon substrate, as demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Based on C-K NEXAFS spectra and AFM images of the ∼1.5 nm thick films, the diradical molecules form islands on the substrate with molecules stacked approximately along the crystallographic a-axis. The films are stable under ultrahigh vacuum for at least 60 h but show signs of decomposition when exposed to ambient conditions for 7 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Tobias Junghoefer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Erika Giangrisostomi
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) , Albert-Einstein-Str 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Ruslan Ovsyannikov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB) , Albert-Einstein-Str 15 , 12489 Berlin , Germany
| | - Maren Pink
- Department of Chemistry , Indiana University , Bloomington , Indiana 47405-7102 , United States
| | - Suchada Rajca
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
| | - Maria Benedetta Casu
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Tübingen , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588-0304 , United States
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89
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Kumar S, Malik V, Shukla J, Kumar Y, Bansal D, Chatterjee R, Mukhopadhyay P. Ionic Assembly, Anion–π, Magnetic, and Electronic Attributes of Ambient Stable Naphthalenediimide Radical Ions. Chemistry 2019; 25:4740-4750. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Vikas Malik
- Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
| | - Ratnamala Chatterjee
- Department of PhysicsIndian Institute of Technology, Delhi, New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry LabSchool of Physical SciencesJawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi 110067 India
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90
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Kahlfuss C, Grüber R, Dumont E, Royal G, Chevallier F, Cobo S, Saint-Aman E, Bucher C. Dynamic Molecular Metamorphism Involving Palladium-Assisted Dimerization of π-Cation Radicals. Chemistry 2019; 25:1573-1580. [PMID: 30428127 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic supramolecular approach is developed to promote the π-dimerization of viologen radicals at room temperature and in standard concentration ranges. The approach involves cis- or trans-protected palladium centers serving as inorganic hinges linking two functionalized viologens endowed with metal-ion coordinating properties. Based on detailed spectroscopic, electrochemical and computational data, we show that the one-electron electrochemical reduction of the viologen units in different dynamic metal/ligand mixtures leads to the formation of the same intramolecular π-dimer, regardless of the initial environment around the metallic precursor and of the relative ratio between metal and ligand initially introduced in solution. The large-scale electron-triggered reorganization of the building blocks introduced in solution thus involves drastic changes in the stoichiometry and stereochemistry of the palladium/viologen complexes proceeding in some cases through a palladium centered trans→cis isomerization of the coordinated ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Kahlfuss
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Raymond Grüber
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Elise Dumont
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Guy Royal
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Floris Chevallier
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
| | - Saioa Cobo
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Saint-Aman
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire (UMR 5250), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bucher
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS-Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69342, Lyon, France
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91
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Petunin PV, Votkina DE, Trusova ME, Rybalova TV, Amosov EV, Uvarov MN, Postnikov PS, Kazantsev MS, Mostovich EA. Oxidative addition of verdazyl halogenides to Pd(PPh3)4. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to the preparation of stable Pd-substituted verdazyls was developed through the direct oxidative addition of iodoverdazyls to Pd(PPh3)4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Petunin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russia
- Siberian State Medical University
- Tomsk 634050
| | | | | | - Tatyana V. Rybalova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Amosov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
| | - Mikhail N. Uvarov
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Siberian Branch
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russia
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 16628
| | - Maxim S. Kazantsev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
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92
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Skórka Ł, Maurel V, Gosk JB, Puźniak R, Mouesca JM, Kulszewicz-Bajer I. Highly Efficient Tuning of Ferromagnetic Spin Interactions in High-Spin Arylamine Structures by Incorporation of Spin Bearing Carbazole Units. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:9584-9591. [PMID: 30230334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b07496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine moieties oxidized to radical cations are considered promising spin bearing units in high-spin-type compounds. Here, we report the first use of carbazole-3,6-diamine units as efficient, rigid spin containing units. The use of rigid spin bearing units enhances significantly spin exchange interactions. The design using density functional theory calculations shows the progressive increase of the exchange coupling constant dependent on the considered model molecules. Two of the most representative molecules containing flexible (dimer 1) and rigid spin coupling unit (dimer 2) were synthesized. Electrochemical and pulsed-electron paramagnetic resonance nutation studies showed that both dimers can be oxidized to yield a majority of dicationic diradicals exhibiting S = 1 ground states. The high values of the dimer 2 exchange coupling constant obtained both computationally ( J/ kB = 145 K; HHeis. = - JS1 S2) and experimentally ( J/ kB = 90-100 K) indicate the beneficial role of the carbazole moiety incorporated into spin bearing units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Skórka
- Faculty of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Vincent Maurel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Jacek B Gosk
- Faculty of Physics , Warsaw University of Technology , Koszykowa 75 , 00-662 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Roman Puźniak
- Institute of Physics , Polish Academy of Sciences , Lotników 32/46 , 02-668 Warsaw , Poland
| | | | - Irena Kulszewicz-Bajer
- Faculty of Chemistry , Warsaw University of Technology , Noakowskiego 3 , 00-664 Warsaw , Poland
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93
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Jobelius H, Wagner N, Schnakenburg G, Meyer A. Verdazyls as Possible Building Blocks for Multifunctional Molecular Materials: A Case Study on 1,5-Diphenyl-3-( p-iodophenyl)-verdazyl Focusing on Magnetism, Electron Transfer and the Applicability of the Sonogashira-Hagihara Reaction. Molecules 2018; 23:E1758. [PMID: 30021960 PMCID: PMC6100452 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the use of Kuhn verdazyl radicals as building blocks in multifunctional molecular materials in an exemplary study, focusing on the magnetic and the electron transfer (ET) characteristics, but also addressing the question whether chemical modification by cross-coupling is possible. The ET in solution is studied spectroscopically, whereas solid state measurements afford information about the magnetic susceptibility or the conductivity of the given samples. The observed results are rationalized based on the chemical structures of the molecules, which have been obtained by X-ray crystallography. The crystallographically observed molecular structures as well as the interpretation based on the spectroscopic and physical measurements are backed up by DFT calculations. The measurements indicate that only weak, antiferromagnetic (AF) coupling is observed in Kuhn verdazyls owed to the low tendency to form face-to-face stacks, but also that steric reasons alone are not sufficient to explain this behavior. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that ET reactions proceed rapidly in verdazyl/verdazylium redox couples and that Kuhn verdazyls are suited as donor molecules in ET reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Jobelius
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Andreas Meyer
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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94
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Kato K, Furukawa K, Osuka A. A Stable Trimethylenemethane Triplet Diradical Based on a Trimeric Porphyrin Fused π-System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis; Niigata University; Nishi-ku Niigata 950-2181 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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95
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Kato K, Furukawa K, Osuka A. A Stable Trimethylenemethane Triplet Diradical Based on a Trimeric Porphyrin Fused π-System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:9491-9494. [PMID: 29858542 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Trimethylenemethane (TMM) diradical is the simplest non-Kekulé non-disjoint molecule with the triplet ground state (ΔEST =+16.1 kcal mol-1 ) and is extremely reactive. It is a challenge to design and synthesize a stable TMM diradical with key properties, such as actual aliphatic TMM diradical centers and the triplet ground state with a large positive ΔEST value, since such species provide detailed information on the electronic structure of TMM diradical. Herein we report a TMM derivative, in which the TMM segment is fused with three NiII meso-triarylporphyrins, that satisfies the above criteria. The diradical shows delocalized spin density on the propeller-like porphyrin π-network and the triplet ground state owing to the strong ferromagnetic interaction. Despite the apparent TMM structure, the diradical can be handled under ambient conditions and can be stored for months in the solid state, thus allowing its X-ray diffraction structural analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ko Furukawa
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Niigata University, Nishi-ku, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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96
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Wilcox DA, Agarkar V, Mukherjee S, Boudouris BW. Stable Radical Materials for Energy Applications. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2018; 9:83-103. [PMID: 29579403 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-083945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although less studied than their closed-shell counterparts, materials containing stable open-shell chemistries have played a key role in many energy storage and energy conversion devices. In particular, the oxidation-reduction (redox) properties of these stable radicals have made them a substantial contributor to the progress of organic batteries. Moreover, the use of radical-based materials in photovoltaic devices and thermoelectric systems has allowed for these emerging molecules to have impacts in the energy conversion realm. Additionally, the unique doublet states of radical-based materials provide access to otherwise inaccessible spin states in optoelectronic devices, offering many new opportunities for efficient usage of energy in light-emitting devices. Here, we review the current state of the art regarding the molecular design, synthesis, and application of stable radicals in these energy-related applications. Finally, we point to fundamental and applied arenas of future promise for these designer open-shell molecules, which have only just begun to be evaluated in full.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Wilcox
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;,
| | - Varad Agarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mukherjee
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;,
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA;,
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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97
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Wang J, Kim G, Sandoval-Salinas ME, Phan H, Gopalakrishna TY, Lu X, Casanova D, Kim D, Wu J. Stable 2D anti-ferromagnetically coupled fluorenyl radical dendrons. Chem Sci 2018; 9:3395-3400. [PMID: 29780470 PMCID: PMC5933225 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc05493a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The first class of stable two-dimensional anti-ferromagnetically coupled dendritic polyradicaloids was synthesized, which show polyradical character and unique properties.
We report the first class of stable, two-dimensional (2D) anti-ferromagnetically coupled dendritic polyradicaloids. A kinetically blocked fluorenyl radical was used to build up the first and second generation dendrons FR-G1 and FR-G2 containing three and seven fluorenyl units, respectively. The neighboring fluorenyl radicals in FR-G1 and FR-G2 show moderate anti-ferromagnetic exchange interaction, resulting in a doublet and quartet ground state, respectively, with a small doublet–quartet energy gap. From FR-G1 to FR-G2, the energy gap decreased and the two-photon absorption was enhanced owing to more extended 2D π-conjugation. Both compounds showed multiple redox waves due to their polyradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - Gakhyun Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
| | - María Eugenia Sandoval-Salinas
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Euskadi , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain . .,Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física , Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTCUB) , Universitat de, Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , Barcelona 08028 , Spain
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | | | - Xuefeng Lu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
| | - David Casanova
- Kimika Fakultatea , Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea , Donostia International Physics Center , Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal, 4, 20018, Euskadi , Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain .
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea .
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry , National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3 , 117543 , Singapore .
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98
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Zhai W, Feng Y, Liu H, Rockenbauer A, Mance D, Li S, Song Y, Baldus M, Liu Y. Diastereoisomers of l-proline-linked trityl-nitroxide biradicals: synthesis and effect of chiral configurations on exchange interactions. Chem Sci 2018; 9:4381-4391. [PMID: 29896379 PMCID: PMC5958346 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00969d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The chiral configuration of the two radical parts is a crucial factor controlling the exchange interactions and DNP properties of trityl-nitroxide biradicals.
The exchange (J) interaction of organic biradicals is a crucial factor controlling their physiochemical properties and potential applications and can be modulated by changing the nature of the linker. In the present work, we for the first time demonstrate the effect of chiral configurations of radical parts on the J values of trityl-nitroxide (TN) biradicals. Four diastereoisomers (TNT1, TNT2, TNL1 and TNL2) of TN biradicals were synthesized and purified by the conjugation of a racemic (R/S) nitroxide with the racemic (M/P) trityl radical vial-proline. The absolute configurations of these diastereoisomers were assigned by comparing experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra as (M, S, S) for TNT1, (P, S, S) for TNT2, (M, S, R) for TNL1 and (P, S, R) for TNL2. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) results showed that the configuration of the nitroxide part instead of the trityl part is dominant in controlling the exchange interactions and the order of the J values at room temperature is TNT1 (252 G) > TNT2 (127 G) ≫ TNL2 (33 G) > TNL1 (14 G). Moreover, the J values of TNL1/TNL2 with the S configuration in the nitroxide part vary with temperature and the polarity of solvents due to their flexible linker, whereas the J values of TNT1/TNT2 are almost insensitive to these two factors due to the rigidity of their linkers. The distinct exchange interactions between TNT1,2 and TNL1,2 in the frozen state led to strongly different high-field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhancements with ε = 7 for TNT1,2 and 40 for TNL1,2 under 800 MHz DNP conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Zhai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics , School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Yalan Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics , School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Huiqiang Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics , School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Department of Physics , Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Budafoki ut 8 , 1111 Budapest , Hungary .
| | - Deni Mance
- NMR Spectroscopy , Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research , Utrecht University , 3584 CH Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Shaoyong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics , School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Yuguang Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics , School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China . ;
| | - Marc Baldus
- NMR Spectroscopy , Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research , Utrecht University , 3584 CH Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Yangping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory on Technologies Enabling Development of Clinical Therapeutics and Diagnostics , School of Pharmacy , Tianjin Medical University , Tianjin 300070 , P. R. China . ;
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99
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Song M, Song X, Bu Y. Spin coupling interactions in C[double bond, length as m-dash]C or B-B-cored porphyrin-mimetic graphene patch nitroxide diradicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 29517098 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00105g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In view of the unique structures and promising applications of porphyrins and their derivatives, exploration of their various properties has continued to a hot topic. In this work, we combine porphyrin-mimetic graphene patches which are core-modified by a C[double bond, length as m-dash]C or a B-B unit and two nitroxide radical groups to construct a series of novel diradical molecules (the CC-cored or BB-cored molecules). The spin coupling constants (J) of diradicals were calculated at the (U)B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level by considering the different linking modes of two nitroxide groups. The results indicate that different core modification considerably affects the J values of such diradicals, and the linking modes can tune the sizes and signs of J, changing their magnetic coupling interactions with different magnitudes and the signs of J from antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic or vice versa. More interestingly and importantly, the spin coupling interactions of the CC-cored molecules can also be tuned by stretching the core unit C-C bond, suggesting the possibility of activating specific vibrational modes of the CC-cored diradicals by energy pulses to yield variable J coupling magnitudes. On the other hand, for the BB-cored molecules, two-electron reduction can switch or tune their magnetism from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic. The essence of all observations is further analyzed from the structural effects and orbital and spin density distributions. The findings about magnetic regulation in these core-modified porphyrin-mimetic graphene patch nitroxide diradicals further expand the field of molecular magnets and provide a rational theoretical basis for designing novel building blocks of magnetic functional molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, People's Republic of China
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100
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Shimizu D, Osuka A. A Benzene-1,3,5-Triaminyl Radical Fused with ZnII
-Porphyrins: Remarkable Stability and a High-Spin Quartet Ground State. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
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