51
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Hachfeld A, Schroeder S, Anders Y, Hahn A, Kunter M. Multikulturelle Überzeugungen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PADAGOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1024/1010-0652/a000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: In letzter Zeit wurden vermehrt Initiativen gestartet, Lehrende mit Migrationshintergrund zu gewinnen, unter der Annahme, dass sie über mehr Kompetenzen für das Unterrichten in kulturell heterogenen Kontexten verfügen. Jedoch ist empirisch ungeklärt, ob sich Lehrkräfte in ihrer professionellen Kompetenz für das Unterrichten von Kindern mit Migrationshintergrund unterscheiden und ob mögliche Unterschiede allein auf den Migrationshintergrund zurückzuführen sind. Ausgehend vom COACTIV-Modell der professionellen Kompetenz von Lehrkräften untersuchte die vorliegende Studie an 433 Mathematiklehramtsanwärter(inne)n mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, Enthusiasmus und Vorurteile für das Unterrichten von Schüler(inne)n mit Migrationshintergrund vergleichend und testete, ob multikulturelle Überzeugungen (MKÜ) eine vermittelnde Rolle spielen. Ergebnisse aus Strukturgleichungsmodellen bestätigen letzteres: Lehramtsanwärter(innen) mit Migrationshintergrund berichteten ausgeprägtere MKÜ, die wiederum Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen und Enthusiasmus positiv und Vorurteile negativ beeinflussten.
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52
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Belacchi C, Farina E. Feeling and thinking of others: affective and cognitive empathy and emotion comprehension in prosocial/hostile preschoolers. Aggress Behav 2012; 38:150-65. [PMID: 25363639 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the affective and cognitive components of empathy in relation to both emotion comprehension and prosocial/hostile behaviors in preschoolers. A total of 219 children (54% boys; aged between 3 and 6: mean age 4.10) and 20 teachers (two for each class: group A and group B) took part in this research. Pupils' empathy and hostile/prosocial roles were assessed by teacher reports [Belacchi and Farina, 2010] and children's emotion comprehension by a nonverbal test [Test of Emotion Comprehension: Pons and Harris, 2000; adapted by Albanese and Molina; 2008]. As expected, the results showed a significant influence of gender, with girls being more empathic than boys, according to all of the teachers' perception. Contrary to our expectations, no systematic age influence emerged. Regarding the relations of children's emotion comprehension with both empathy measures and their prosocial/hostile attitudes, we have found: (1) a low significant relation with the total empathy measure, according to all the teachers, but with the cognitive empathy only according to teachers B; (2) a robust negative relationship of both affective and cognitive empathy with Hostile roles and with Outsider role, contrary to a positive correlation of only affective empathy with Prosocial roles. No relationships emerged between empathy measures and Victim role.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleonora Farina
- University of Milano Bicocca; Human Sciences for Education; Milan; Italy
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53
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Buser JK. Treatment-Seeking Disparity Between African Americans and Whites: Attitudes Toward Treatment, Coping Resources, and Racism. JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2009.tb00094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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54
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Boysen GA. A Review of Experimental Studies of Explicit and Implicit Bias Among Counselors. JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2161-1912.2009.tb00106.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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55
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Kohatsu EL, Victoria R, Lau A, Flores M, Salazar A. Analyzing Anti-Asian Prejudice From a Racial Identity and Color-Blind Perspective. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2011.tb00061.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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56
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Sue DW, Nadal KL, Capodilupo CM, Lin AI, Torino GC, Rivera DP. Racial Microaggressions Against Black Americans: Implications for Counseling. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00517.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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57
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Erdal K, Singh N, Tardif A. Attitudes about depression and its treatment among mental health professionals, lay persons and immigrants and refugees in Norway. J Affect Disord 2011; 133:481-8. [PMID: 21620476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Internationally, depression is a common psychological disorder whose treatment depends upon its identification by treating professionals as well as patient utilization of mental health care systems; the latter often being hampered by cultural differences between patients and health professionals. METHOD The current study used vignettes of depressed patients which varied the culture and/or social circumstances of the patient to assess whether these variables influenced the conceptualization of depression and its treatment. Participants (N=722) included mental health professionals, lay people, immigrants, and refugees in Norway. RESULTS We found that immigrants and refugees, particularly those of non-western origin, endorsed different types of depression treatments from native Norwegians and mental health professionals, and judged who deserved treatment and who was overreacting based on the patient's culture and social circumstances, while native Norwegians did not. LIMITATIONS While widely used cross-culturally, vignette methodology is limited in its generalizability to real clinical situations. Acculturation was not evaluated, which may have influenced the results. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the integration of cultural competency ideals not only into treatment, but also into public health promotions of mental health services for lay people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Erdal
- Department of Psychology, The Colorado College, 14 East Cache La Poudre Street, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA.
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58
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Sadri G, Weber TJ, Gentry WA. Empathic emotion and leadership performance: An empirical analysis across 38 countries. LEADERSHIP QUARTERLY 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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59
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Owen J, Imel Z, Tao KW, Wampold B, Smith A, Rodolfa E. Cultural ruptures in short-term therapy: Working alliance as a mediator between clients' perceptions of microaggressions and therapy outcomes. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14733145.2010.491551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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60
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Culturally Sensitive Therapy with Low-Income Ethnic Minority Clients: An Empowering Intervention. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-011-9190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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61
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Benkert R, Templin T, Schim SM, Doorenbos AZ, Bell SE. Testing a multi-group model of culturally competent behaviors among underrepresented nurse practitioners. Res Nurs Health 2011; 34:327-41. [PMID: 21656784 DOI: 10.1002/nur.20441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Diversifying the health professional workforce and enhancing cultural competence are recommended for decreasing health disparities. We tested a structural equation model of the predictors of culturally competent behaviors in a mailed survey of three groups of underrepresented nurse practitioners (n = 474). Our model had good fit and accounted for 29% of the variance in culturally competent behaviors. Life experiences with diversity had direct effects on awareness/sensitivity and behaviors, and diversity training had a direct effect on behaviors. Cultural awareness/sensitivity mediated the relationship between life experiences with diversity and culturally competent behaviors; all paths remained after controlling for covariates. For unique experiences that contribute to workplace diversity, life experiences with diversity, and diversity training are important for culturally competent behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Benkert
- College of Nursing, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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62
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Vargas HL, Wilson CM. Managing Worldview Influences: Self-Awareness and Self-Supervision in a Cross-Cultural Therapeutic Relationship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08975353.2011.577684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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63
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Kim DM. Towards musical individuation: Korean female music therapists’ experiences in the Nordoff-Robbins Music Therapy certification training. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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64
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65
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The assessment of empathy in adolescence: A contribution to the Italian validation of the “Basic Empathy Scale”. J Adolesc 2009; 32:393-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2007] [Revised: 12/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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66
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Abstract
In recent years, investigators have indicated that the psychotherapy process is of considerable importance in the context of interracial psychotherapy. Despite the interest in the area, minimal research has examined how racial difference impacts the psychotherapy process. This study examines the lived experience of interracial psychodynamic psychotherapy via an in-depth interview with an African-American man who had been in therapy with a European American therapist. This qualitative study utilizes a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, which accepts that understanding is contingent on both sociohistorical situatedness and relational dynamics. The study participant was chosen because of his interest in the area and willingness to explore it in detail with the interviewer. A number of themes emerged, the most salient of which are the multidimensionality of the experience and the 'absent presence' of race in the therapy process. This client's experience was both positive and negative, and in many cases, the same process-related variables contributed both positively and negatively to the client's therapeutic experience. Issues of trust, perceived cultural issues and therapy focus contributed to and detracted from the therapy experience. The depth of the therapy experience was limited by the therapist not explicitly addressing race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adil Qureshi
- Programa de Psiquiatria Transcultural, Servei de Psiquiatria, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain.
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67
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Gini G, Albiero P, Benelli B, Altoè G. Does empathy predict adolescents' bullying and defending behavior? Aggress Behav 2007; 33:467-76. [PMID: 17683107 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Through structural equation modeling, this study tested a path of relations in which different levels of empathic responsiveness were posited to be differently associated to bullying and defending behavior. Three hundred and eighteen Italian adolescents (142 girls and 176 boys; mean age = 13.2 years) completed the Davis's Interpersonal Reactivity Index [Davis, 1983] for empathy and the Participant role scales [Salmivalli et al., 1996] for bullying and defending behavior. The results revealed that the model fitted the data adequately, but only in the case of boys. As hypothesized, low levels of empathic responsiveness were associated to students' involvement in bullying others. In contrast, empathy was positively associated with actively helping victimized schoolmates. However, the estimates algorithm did not reach convergence with girls' data. The current findings confirm and extend the literature on the relation between empathy, prosociality and aggressive behavior. Educational implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
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68
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69
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Gini G, Albiero P, Benelli B, Altoè G. Determinants of adolescents' active defending and passive bystanding behavior in bullying. J Adolesc 2007; 31:93-105. [PMID: 17574660 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2006] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 05/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The literature on participant roles in bullying lacks empirical studies that seek to explain what differentiates defenders from outsiders (or passive bystanders). The present study tested a conceptual model in which two personal characteristics of early adolescent students (empathy and perceived social self-efficacy) were considered as possible determinants of their participant behavior in bullying episodes. A total of 294 Italian early adolescents (mean age=13.3 years, range: 12-14) participated in the study. The structural equation modeling showed that high levels of empathic responsiveness were positively associated with both active defending and passive bystanding behavior, as assessed through peer nominations. In contrast, high levels of social self-efficacy were associated with helping behavior, whereas low levels of social self-efficacy were associated with passive bystanding behavior. Results are discussed in terms of theoretical and practical implications for researchers and educational practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Gini
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padua, via Venezia, 8, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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70
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Neville H, Spanierman L, Doan BT. Exploring the association between color-blind racial ideology and multicultural counseling competencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 12:275-90. [PMID: 16719577 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.12.2.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined the association between color-blind racial ideology and self-reported multicultural counseling competencies in 130 applied psychology students and mental health workers. Results from 1 sample (n = 79) indicated that greater levels of color-blind racial ideology as measured by the Color-Blind Racial Attitudes Scale (Neville, Lilly, Duran, Lee, & Browne, 2000) were (1) related to lower self-reported multicultural counseling awareness and knowledge as measured by the Multicultural Counseling Knowledge and Awareness Scale (MCKAS; Ponterotto, Gretchen, Utsey, Rieger, & Austin, 2002) and (2) accounted for a significant amount of variance in MCKAS scores over and above that explained by self-reported multicultural training, social desirability, and participant race. Findings from another sample also provided empirical support for the link between higher color-blind racial ideology and lower multicultural case conceptualization ability (n = 51), after controlling for the influence of the number of multicultural course(s) taken. Implications of the findings and future directions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Neville
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA.
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71
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Toporek RL, Pope-Davis DB. Exploring the relationships between multicultural training, racial attitudes, and attributions of poverty among graduate counseling trainees. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2005; 11:259-71. [PMID: 16117592 DOI: 10.1037/1099-9809.11.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Increased attention to multiculturalism and social justice in psychology has been accompanied by assertions that there is a need for more acknowledgment of system-level oppression. Multicultural training (MCT) may help increase counselors' awareness of structural forces in the lives of clients facing poverty by examining structural influences in racial discrimination. This study examined the relationship between multicultural counseling training, attitudes about race, and attributions of poverty. Data from 158 African American and White American graduate counseling students were examined to determine the extent to which MCT and cognitive and affective racial attitudes predicted tendencies to attribute poverty to structural barriers or to individuals facing poverty. Regression analyses indicated that more MCT and more sensitive cognitive racial attitudes predicted a greater tendency to endorse structural explanations of poverty. Fewer multicultural workshops and less sensitive cognitive racial attitudes predicted a greater tendency to endorse individual explanations of poverty. Implications for training, practice, and research are discussed. ((c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Toporek
- Department of Counseling, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.
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