51
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Ajayaghosh A, Praveen V, Vijayakumar C, George S. Molecular Wire Encapsulated into π Organogels: Efficient Supramolecular Light-Harvesting Antennae with Color-Tunable Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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52
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Xie W, Li F, Wang H, Xie Z, Shen F, Ma Y, Lu W, Zhang D, Ma D. Stimulated emission from distyrylbenzene derivative crystals grown by vapor deposition. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:4431-3. [PMID: 17579698 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.004431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Narrowed spectra at 452 nm from a thin platelike crystal of distyrylbenzene derivative, 2,5-diphenyl-1,4-distyrylbenzene with two trans double bonds (trans-DPDSB) grown by vapor deposition, are observed. The trans-DPDSB crystal is irradiated by the third harmonic (355 nm) of a Nd:YAG laser. The FWHM of the narrowed spectra can reach 6 nm for the crystal when the pumping energy is 400 microJ/pulse. The threshold value for an optically pumped laser is approximately 350 microJ/pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xie
- Key Laboratory for Supermolecular Structure and Materials of the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Avenue, Changchun 130012, China
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53
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Ajayaghosh A, Praveen VK, Vijayakumar C, George SJ. Molecular Wire Encapsulated into π Organogels: Efficient Supramolecular Light-Harvesting Antennae with Color-Tunable Emission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:6260-5. [PMID: 17607676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappanpillai Ajayaghosh
- Photosciences and Photonics Group, Chemical Sciences and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, (NIST), CSIR, Trivandrum 695 019, India.
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54
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Calzado EM, Villalvilla JM, Boj PG, Quintana JA, Gómez R, Segura JL, Díaz García MA. Amplified spontaneous emission in polymer films doped with a perylenediimide derivative. APPLIED OPTICS 2007; 46:3836-42. [PMID: 17538681 DOI: 10.1364/ao.46.003836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) by optical pump in polystyrene films doped with N,N'-di(10-nonadecyl)perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDI-N) in a range of PDI-N concentrations between 0.25 and 5 wt. % is reported. Gain coefficients up to 10 cm(-1), at a pump intensity of 74 kW/cm2, were obtained. The lowest thresholds (approximately 15 kW/cm2) and largest photostabilities measured at 50% (approximately 50 min, i.e., 30,000 pump pulses) were obtained for concentrations up to 1 wt. %. The observation of an increase in the ASE threshold and a decrease in the photostability for larger concentrations is attributed to the presence of aggregated species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Calzado
- Departmento de Física Aplicada and Instituto Universitario de Materiales de Alicante, Universidad de Alicante, 03080-Alicante, Spain
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55
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Becker K, Lagoudakis PG, Gaefke G, Höger S, Lupton JM. Exciton Accumulation in π-Conjugated Wires Encapsulated by Light-Harvesting Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:3450-5. [PMID: 17443756 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200605072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Becker
- Lehrstuhl für Photonik und Optoelektronik, Department für Physik und CeNS, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
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56
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Becker K, Lagoudakis P, Gaefke G, Höger S, Lupton J. Exciton Accumulation in π-Conjugated Wires Encapsulated by Light-Harvesting Macrocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200605072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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57
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Nakamura K, Hasegawa Y, Kawai H, Yasuda N, Kanehisa N, Kai Y, Nagamura T, Yanagida S, Wada Y. Enhanced Lasing Properties of Dissymmetric Eu(III) Complex with Bidentate Phosphine Ligands. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:3029-37. [PMID: 17391010 DOI: 10.1021/jp067672h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The luminescent and lasing properties of Eu(III) complexes were enhanced by using an dissymmetric Eu(III) complex. The photophysical properties (the emission spectral shapes, the emission lifetimes, the emission quantum yields, and the stimulated emission cross section (SEC)) were found to be dependent on the geometrical structures of Eu(III) complexes. The geometrical structures of Eu(III) complexes were determined by X-ray single crystal analyses. The symmetrical group of Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO) (tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) 1,1'-biphenyl-2,2'-diylbis(diphenylphosphine oxide)) was found to be C1, which was more dissymmetric than Eu(hfa)3(TPPO)2 (tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) 1,2-phenylenebis(diphenylphosphine oxide): C2 symmetry) and Eu(hfa)3(OPPO)2 (tris(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)europium(III) 1,2-phenylenebis(diphenylphosphine oxide): C2 symmetry). The analytical data were supported by Judd-Ofelt analysis. The most dissymmetrical Eu(III) complex, Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO), showed large electron transition probability and large SEC (4.64 x 10(-20) cm2). The SEC of Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO) was superior to even the values of Nd-glass laser for practical use (1.6-4.5 x 10(-20) cm2). The lasing properties of Eu(III) complexes in polymer thin film were measured by photopumping of a Nd:YAG laser (355 nm). The threshold energy of lasing oscillation was found to be 0.05 mJ. The increasing rate of the lasing intensity of Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO) as a function of the excitation energy was much larger than that of Eu(hfa)3(TPPO)2 and Eu(hfa)3(OPPO)2. The dissymmetrical structure of Eu(hfa)3(BIPHEPO) promoted the enhancement of the lasing property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nakamura
- Department of Material and Life Science, Division of Advanced Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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58
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Affiliation(s)
- I D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre and Ultrafast Photonics Collaboration, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
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59
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Sisk WN, Tanaka N. Energy transfer and photodegradation of a Perylene Orange:LDS821 system in poly(methyl methacrylate). APPLIED OPTICS 2006; 45:5385-90. [PMID: 16826275 DOI: 10.1364/ao.45.005385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The luminescence of Perylene Orange and LDS821 in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) following a 532 nm irradiation yielded information on photodegradation and energy transfer. The irradiation of the Perylene Orange/LDS821/PMMA films resulted in (i) a maximum in the Perylene Orange fluorescence photodegradation profile and (ii) an enhancement of the LDS821 fluorescence relative to the LDS821/PMMA films. These results are attributed to an energy transfer from the Perylene Orange to the LDS821 with an energy transfer rate constant of 5.1+/- 0.75 (2sigma) x 10(11) M(-1) s(-1) and a Förster critical radius of 65.7 A. Fluorescence half-quenching and time-resolved fluorescence measurements attributed energy transfer to the Förster energy transfer with minor contributions of radiative energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wade N Sisk
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC 28223-0001, USA.
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60
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Tolosa J, Díez-Barra E, Sánchez-Verdú P, Rodríguez-López J. Unsymmetrically substituted four-armed tolanes: new multichromophoric molecules. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.04.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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61
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Camposeo A, Mele E, Persano L, Pisignano D, Cingolani R. Low-loss and highly polarized emission from planar polymer waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:1429-31. [PMID: 16642128 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The waveguiding properties and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of a blend of light-emitting gain-conjugated polymers were investigated. ASE-induced line narrowing occurs for excitation fluences larger than 100 microJ cm(-2), with a maximum optical-gain coefficient of 8 cm(-1). Energy transfer between the host and guest polymers, significantly reducing the self-absorption, leads to a loss coefficient of the waveguide as low as 0.3 cm(-1), which is believed to be the lowest value reported for active organic gain slabs and a highly polarized emission, with a polarization contrast up to 0.65. These results indicate that gain-conjugated polymer blends are state-of-the-art organic materials for lasing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Camposeo
- National Nanotechnology Laboratory of CNR-INFM, Distretto Tecnologico ISUFI, Universitá di Lecce, Italy.
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62
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Liang H, Cao W, Du M, Kim Y, Herman W, Lee C. Ultrafast photo-conductivity in BAMH-PPV polymer thin-films. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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63
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Rana D, Gangopadhyay G. Theoretical studies of electron transfer through dendrimeric architecture. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:044909. [PMID: 16460214 DOI: 10.1063/1.2162873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have analyzed the steady-state electron transfer rate through a bridge of dendrimeric architecture. The difference between the linear chain and the dendrimeric architecture has also been demonstrated with steady-state rate as a main observable in the coherent and incoherent regimes of interactions. It is shown that generally the rate of electron transfer in dendrimeric architecture is faster than the rate associated with their linear chain counterpart with similar kind of bonding connectivities. The rate depends upon the size of the molecule, core branching, and the nature of the coupling among the different nodes on the dendrimer molecule. Depending upon the nature of the donor and acceptor, phenomenological dephasing coefficient due to environment and the geometry of the dendrimeric architecture, the modification of electron transfer rate has been studied. In the regime of fully coherent interactions where all quantum effects are considered the rate shows a multiple inversion due to the dendrimer architecture which is neither available in the regime of incoherent interaction nor in the linear chain case in similar condition. We have discussed about the applicability of our model in metal-molecule-metal junction, photoinduced electron transfer process, and molecular conductor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Rana
- S. N. Bose National Centre For Basic Sciences, JD Block, Sector-III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700098, India.
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64
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Lee J, Govorov AO, Kotov NA. Bioconjugated superstructures of CdTe nanowires and nanoparticles: multistep cascade Förster resonance energy transfer and energy channeling. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:2063-9. [PMID: 16218738 DOI: 10.1021/nl051042u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle/nanowire assemblies with a degree of radial organization were prepared around luminescent semiconducting CdTe nanowires using bioconjugation with streptavidin and D-biotin linkers. Red-emitting nanowires (6.62 +/- 1.55 nm diameter, 512 +/- 119 nm length) and green-emitting nanoparticles (3.2 +/- 0.7 nm diameter) were surface-modified with biotin, while orange-emitting nanoparticles (4.1 +/- 1.2 nm diameter) were decorated with streptavidin. CdTe nanocrystals produced two fuzzy layers around the nanowires in which the diameter of CdTe nanoparticles decreased with the distance from the nanowire axis. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the outside layer of nanoparticles to the central nanowire was observed for nanowires conjugated with 4.1 nm CdTe. Addition of 3.2 nm CdTe resulted in a red-orange-green optical progression with band gaps of CdTe decreasing toward the axis of the superstructure. In this case, 4-fold luminescence enhancement of the nanowire luminescence was observed and was attributed to multistep FRET. This observation indicated the accumulation of photogenerated excitons in the cascade terminal. A simple model of multiconjugated superstructure with cascade energy transfer is developed and used to describe and understand the experimental data. The experimental data and theoretical model suggest the possibility of utilization of the prepared superstructures with radial symmetry in several classes of optoelectronic devices including nanomaterials for energy collection. They can also be a convenient model object for the investigation of methods of energy funneling in nanoscale assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaebeom Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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65
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Rose A, Zhu Z, Madigan CF, Swager TM, Bulović V. Sensitivity gains in chemosensing by lasing action in organic polymers. Nature 2005; 434:876-9. [PMID: 15829959 DOI: 10.1038/nature03438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Societal needs for greater security require dramatic improvements in the sensitivity of chemical and biological sensors. To meet this challenge, increasing emphasis in analytical science has been directed towards materials and devices having highly nonlinear characteristics; semiconducting organic polymers (SOPs), with their facile excited state (exciton) transport, are prime examples of amplifying materials. SOPs have also been recognized as promising lasing materials, although the susceptibility of these materials to optical damage has thus far limited applications. Here we report that attenuated lasing in optically pumped SOP thin films displays a sensitivity to vapours of explosives more than 30 times higher than is observed from spontaneous emission. Critical to this achievement was the development of a transducing polymer with high thin-film quantum yield, a high optical damage threshold in ambient atmosphere and a record low lasing threshold. Trace vapours of the explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) introduce non-radiative deactivation pathways that compete with stimulated emission. We demonstrate that the induced cessation of the lasing action, and associated sensitivity enhancement, is most pronounced when films are pumped at intensities near their lasing threshold. The combined gains from amplifying materials and lasing promise to deliver sensors that can detect explosives with unparalleled sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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66
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Abstract
It is shown that Förster's expression for the electronic energy transfer rate can be recast in a form predicted for exciton motion that interacts strongly with molecular vibrations. Using a simple model based on the Kennard-Stepanov theory, Förster's expression for the spectral overlap is shown to be of a thermally activated form, as obtained previously by multiphonon theory. In contrast, the high-frequency internal vibrations contribute a factor which results from tunneling through a potential barrier between potential curves in the configuration coordinate diagram. We thus show that resonance energy transfer is equivalent to phonon-assisted hopping of a trapped excitonic polaron.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Markvart
- School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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67
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Wong KF, Bagchi B, Rossky PJ. Distance and Orientation Dependence of Excitation Transfer Rates in Conjugated Systems: Beyond the Förster Theory. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037724s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kim F. Wong
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1167
| | - Biman Bagchi
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1167
| | - Peter J. Rossky
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1167
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68
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Lee CW, Seo YH, Lee SH. A Soluble Polyaniline Substituted with t-BOC: Conducting Patterns and Doping. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0357624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, AJOU University, 5 Wonchon-dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Seo
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, AJOU University, 5 Wonchon-dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Korea
| | - Suck-Hyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, AJOU University, 5 Wonchon-dong, Paldal-gu, Suwon, Kyunggi-do 442-749, Korea
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69
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Scott BJ, Bartl MH, Wirnsberger G, Stucky GD. Energy Transfer in Dye-Doped Mesostructured Composites. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026136w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Scott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Inorganic Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael H. Bartl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Inorganic Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Wirnsberger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Inorganic Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Galen D. Stucky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, and Inorganic Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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70
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Manaa H, Henari FZ, Al-Saie A, Maier S, Blau WJ. The optical gain and effective stimulated emission cross-section for dimethoxy-PmPV and dimethyl-PmPV-ONV copolymers in toluene solution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1088/1464-4258/5/4/306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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71
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Duan X, Huang Y, Agarwal R, Lieber CM. Single-nanowire electrically driven lasers. Nature 2003; 421:241-5. [PMID: 12529637 DOI: 10.1038/nature01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 862] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2002] [Accepted: 11/29/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Electrically driven semiconductor lasers are used in technologies ranging from telecommunications and information storage to medical diagnostics and therapeutics. The success of this class of lasers is due in part to well-developed planar semiconductor growth and processing, which enables reproducible fabrication of integrated, electrically driven devices. Yet this approach to device fabrication is also costly and difficult to integrate directly with other technologies such as silicon microelectronics. To overcome these issues for future applications, there has been considerable interest in using organic molecules, polymers, and inorganic nanostructures for lasers, because these materials can be fashioned into devices by chemical processing. Indeed, amplified stimulated emission and lasing have been reported for optically pumped organic systems and, more recently, inorganic nanocrystals and nanowires. However, electrically driven lasing, which is required in most applications, has met with several difficulties in organic systems, and has not been addressed for assembled nanocrystals or nanowires. Here we investigate the feasibility of achieving electrically driven lasing from individual nanowires. Optical and electrical measurements made on single-crystal cadmium sulphide nanowires show that these structures can function as Fabry-Perot optical cavities with mode spacing inversely related to the nanowire length. Investigations of optical and electrical pumping further indicate a threshold for lasing as characterized by optical modes with instrument-limited linewidths. Electrically driven nanowire lasers, which might be assembled in arrays capable of emitting a wide range of colours, could improve existing applications and suggest new opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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72
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Seki A, Ichikawa M, Suganuma N, Tanaka Y, Koyama T, Taniguchi Y. Organic Polymer DBR Laser by Soft Lithography II: Optimization of Distributed Bragg Reflector. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2003. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.16.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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73
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Serin JM, Brousmiche DW, Fréchet JMJ. Cascade energy transfer in a conformationally mobile multichromophoric dendrimer. Chem Commun (Camb) 2002:2605-7. [PMID: 12510259 DOI: 10.1039/b207905d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A conformationally flexible, generation-2,3 poly(aryl ether) dendrimer favors quantitative cascade fluorescence resonance energy transfer without the appearance of undesired chromophore self-quenching interactions such as excimer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Serin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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74
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Kim S, Park SY, Yoshida I, Kawai H, Nagamura T. Amplified Spontaneous Emission from the Film of Poly(aryl ether) Dendrimer Encapsulating Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer Dye. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp021048x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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75
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Ma D, Liang F, Wang L, Lee S, Hung L. Blue organic light-emitting devices with an oxadiazole-containing emitting layer exhibiting excited state intramolecular proton transfer. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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76
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Chambers M, Voigt M, Grell M. Resonance-regime behaviour of a Förster-transfer fluorescent dye couple dissolved in a chiral nematic liquid crystal. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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77
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Ramos-Ortiz G, Oki Y, Domercq B, Kippelen B. Förster energy transfer from a fluorescent dye to a phosphorescent dopant: a concentration and intensity study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b202590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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78
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Kim J, McQuade DT, Rose A, Zhu Z, Swager TM. Directing energy transfer within conjugated polymer thin films. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:11488-9. [PMID: 11707131 DOI: 10.1021/ja016693g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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79
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Johansson DM, Theander M, Granlund T, Inganäs O, Andersson MR. Synthesis and Characterization of Polyfluorenes with Light-Emitting Segments. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma001684y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Mikael Johansson
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mathias Theander
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Thomas Granlund
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olle Inganäs
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mats R. Andersson
- Departments of Organic Chemistry and Polymer Technology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Göteborg, Sweden, and Biomolecular and Organic Electronics, Department of Physics (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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80
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81
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Bulović V, Baldo MA, Forrest SR. Excitons and Energy Transfer in Doped Luminescent Molecular Organic Materials. ORGANIC ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-56425-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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82
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Abstract
We report here on the structure and operating characteristics of an ambipolar light-emitting field-effect transistor based on single crystals of the organic semiconductor alpha-sexithiophene. Electrons and holes are injected from the source and drain electrodes, respectively. Their concentrations are controlled by the applied gate and drain-source voltages. Excitons are generated, leading to radiative recombination. Moreover, above a remarkably low threshold current, coherent light is emitted through amplified spontaneous emission. Hence, this three-terminal device is the basis of a very promising architecture for electrically driven laser action in organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Schön
- Lucent Technologies, Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.
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83
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Okumura Y, Nagawa M, Adachi C, Satsuki M, Suga S, Koyama T, Taniguchi Y. Low Threshold Gain-Narrowing Characteristics of Fluorescent Styrylbenzene Derivatives as a Guest Molecule in an Organic Thin-Film Optical Waveguide. CHEM LETT 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2000.754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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84
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85
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Chrisstoffels L, Adronov A, Fréchet J. Surface-Confined Light Harvesting, Energy Transfer, and Amplification of Fluorescence Emission in Chromophore-Labeled Self-Assembled Monolayers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20000616)112:12<2247::aid-ange2247>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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86
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High-efficiency fluorescent organic light-emitting devices using a phosphorescent sensitizer. Nature 2000; 403:750-3. [PMID: 10693799 DOI: 10.1038/35001541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 963] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
To obtain the maximum luminous efficiency from an organic material, it is necessary to harness both the spin-symmetric and anti-symmetric molecular excitations (bound electron-hole pairs, or excitons) that result from electrical pumping. This is possible if the material is phosphorescent, and high efficiencies have been observed in phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices. However, phosphorescence in organic molecules is rare at room temperature. The alternative radiative process of fluorescence is more common, but it is approximately 75% less efficient, due to the requirement of spin-symmetry conservation. Here, we demonstrate that this deficiency can be overcome by using a phosphorescent sensitizer to excite a fluorescent dye. The mechanism for energetic coupling between phosphorescent and fluorescent molecular species is a long-range, non-radiative energy transfer: the internal efficiency of fluorescence can be as high as 100%. As an example, we use this approach to nearly quadruple the efficiency of a fluorescent red organic light-emitting device.
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87
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Bulović V, Deshpande R, Thompson M, Forrest S. Tuning the color emission of thin film molecular organic light emitting devices by the solid state solvation effect. Chem Phys Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)00580-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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88
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Gilat SL, Adronov A, Fréchet JMJ. Das Sammeln von Licht und die Energieübertragung in neuen konvergent aufgebauten Dendrimeren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-3757(19990517)111:10<1519::aid-ange1519>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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89
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90
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Raju BB, Eliasson B. Excited state properties of pre-twisted 7-diethylamino coumarinyl benzopyrano pyridine: an experimental and AMI study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(98)00278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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91
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Bulović V, Shoustikov A, Baldo M, Bose E, Kozlov V, Thompson M, Forrest S. Bright, saturated, red-to-yellow organic light-emitting devices based on polarization-induced spectral shifts. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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92
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Cerullo G, Nisoli M, Stagira S, De Silvestri S, Lanzani G, Graupner W, List E, Leising G. Ultrafast energy-transfer dynamics in a blend of electroluminescent conjugated polymers. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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93
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Granlund T, Theander M, Berggren M, Andersson M, Ruzeckas A, Sundström V, Björk G, Granström M, Inganäs O. A polythiophene microcavity laser. Chem Phys Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(98)00320-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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94
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Bulovic V, Kozlov VG, Khalfin VB, Forrest SR. Transform-limited, narrow-linewidth lasing action in organic semiconductor microcavities. Science 1998; 279:553-5. [PMID: 9438846 DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5350.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lasing action in organic vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (OVCSEL) structures is demonstrated. Optically pumped OVCSELs with an active layer composed of a thin-film organic semiconductor tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) doped with DCM laser dye produced very narrow linewidth (0.2 +/- 0.1 angstrom), high-power (3 watts) emission that could be varied in different devices from orange to red. The efficient energy transfer from Alq3 to DCM results in a threshold input energy of 300 microjoules per square centimeter. An operational lifetime >10(6) laser pulses was achieved for a device operated well above threshold in atmosphere. The linewidths above threshold are Fourier transform-limited and could potentially be narrowed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bulovic
- Center for Photonics and Optoelectronic Materials (POEM), Department of Electrical Engineering and the Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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