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Kalyanaraman B, Cheng G, Hardy M, Ouari O, Bennett B, Zielonka J. Teaching the basics of reactive oxygen species and their relevance to cancer biology: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species detection, redox signaling, and targeted therapies. Redox Biol 2017; 15:347-362. [PMID: 29306792 PMCID: PMC5756055 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in tumorigenesis (tumor initiation, tumor progression, and metastasis). Of the many cellular sources of ROS generation, the mitochondria and the NADPH oxidase family of enzymes are possibly the most prevalent intracellular sources. In this article, we discuss the methodologies to detect mitochondria-derived superoxide and hydrogen peroxide using conventional probes as well as newly developed assays and probes, and the necessity of characterizing the diagnostic marker products with HPLC and LC-MS in order to rigorously identify the oxidizing species. The redox signaling roles of mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial thiol peroxidases, and transcription factors in response to mitochondria-targeted drugs are highlighted. ROS generation and ROS detoxification in drug-resistant cancer cells and the relationship to metabolic reprogramming are discussed. Understanding the subtle role of ROS in redox signaling and in tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms (e.g., autophagy) could help in the development of combination therapies. The paradoxical aspects of antioxidants in cancer treatment are highlighted in relation to the ROS mechanisms in normal and cancer cells. Finally, the potential uses of newly synthesized exomarker probes for in vivo superoxide and hydrogen peroxide detection and the low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance technique for monitoring oxidant production in tumor tissues are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaraman Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States.
| | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
| | - Micael Hardy
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ICR UMR 7273, Marseille 13013, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS ICR UMR 7273, Marseille 13013, France
| | - Brian Bennett
- Department of Physics, Marquette University, 540 North 15th Street, Milwaukee, WI 53233, United States
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Free Radical Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States; Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, United States
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52
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Chiu HW, Su YC, Hong JR. Betanodavirus B2 protein triggers apoptosis and necroptosis in lung cancer cells that suppresses autophagy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94129-94141. [PMID: 29212215 PMCID: PMC5706861 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The betanodavirus B2 protein targets the mitochondria and acts as a "death factor", but its effect on lung cancer cells is unknown. We examined the effect of the B2 protein on triggering apoptosis or necroptosis via P53-dependent and P53-independent pathways and increased in suppression of autophagy. The B2 protein targets the mitochondria of A549 (P53+/+) and H1299 (P53-/-) lung cancer cells due to a specific signal sequence (41RTFVISAHAA50). This triggers generation of reactive oxygen species within the mitochondria, and a minor stress response in A549 cells, but a strong stress response in H1299 cells. We examined the molecular mechanism of this cell death pathway, and found that B2 protein induces the P53/Bax-mediated apoptotic pathway in A549 cells, and that a P53 specific inhibitor (pifithrin-α) switches this response to RIP3-mediated necroptosis. On the other hand, B2 induces RIP3-mediated necroptosis pathway in H1299 cells, and a necroptosis inhibitor (necrostatin-1) switches this response to the apoptotic pathway. Both types of cell death signals inhibited autophagy via a tightly increased balance of beclin-1 and Bcl-2. Thus, B2 protein triggers P53-dependent apoptosis in A549 cells and ROS/RIP3-mediated necroptosis in H1299 cells, and crosstalk of these pathways limits initiation of autophagy. These findings provide new insights into the possible control and treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Wen Chiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Su
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Ruey Hong
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry, Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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53
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Salech F, Ponce DP, SanMartín CD, Rogers NK, Chacón C, Henríquez M, Behrens MI. PARP-1 and p53 Regulate the Increased Susceptibility to Oxidative Death of Lymphocytes from MCI and AD Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:310. [PMID: 29051731 PMCID: PMC5633596 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a clinically detectable initial stage of cognitive deterioration with a high conversion rate to dementia. There is increasing evidence that some of the cerebral alterations present in Alzheimer type dementia can be found in peripheral tissues. We have previously shown that lymphocytes from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients have increased susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced death that depends on dementia severity. We here investigated whether lymphocytes from MCI patients show increased vulnerability to death, and explored the involvement of Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase (PARP-1) and p53 in the regulation of this process. Lymphocytes from 16 MCI and 10 AD patients, and 15 healthy controls (HCs) were submitted to increasing concentrations of H2O2 for 20 h. Cell death was determined by flow cytometry, in the presence or absence of PARP-1 inhibitors (3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA) or Nicotinamide (NAM)), or the p53 inhibitor (nutlin-3) or stabilizer (pifithrin-α). PARP-1 and p53 mRNA levels were determined by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Lymphocytes from MCI patients showed increased susceptibility to death, attaining intermediate values between AD and controls. PARP inhibitors -3-ABA and NAM- markedly protected from H2O2-induced death, making the difference between MCI and controls disappear, but not the difference between AD and controls. PARP-1 mRNA expression was increased in MCI lymphocytes. Modulation of p53 with Nutlin-3 or pifithrin-α did not modify the H2O2-induced death of lymphocytes from MCI or AD patients, but augmented the death in control lymphocytes attaining levels similar to MCI and AD. Accordingly, p53 mRNA expression was increased in AD and MCI lymphocytes compared to controls. In all, these results show that increased oxidative death is present in lymphocytes at the MCI stage. PARP-1 has a preponderant role, with complete death protection achieved with PARP inhibition in MCI lymphocytes, but not in AD, suggesting that PARP-1 might have a protective role. In addition, deregulations of the p53 pathway seem to contribute to the H2O2-induced death in MCI and AD lymphocytes, which show increased p53 expression. The results showing a prominent protective role of PARP inhibitors opens the door to study the use of these agents to prevent oxidative death in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Salech
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela P Ponce
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol D SanMartín
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole K Rogers
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Chacón
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Henríquez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria I Behrens
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada (CICA), Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
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54
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t-BuOOH induces ferroptosis in human and murine cell lines. Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:759-775. [PMID: 28975372 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis has been extensively studied. Increasing evidence suggests that ROS, for instance, induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), might also trigger regulated necrotic cell death pathways. Almost nothing is known about the cell death pathways triggered by tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BuOOH), a widely used inducer of oxidative stress. The lipid peroxidation products induced by t-BuOOH are involved in the pathophysiology of many diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, or diabetes. In this study, we exposed murine fibroblasts (NIH3T3) or human keratinocytes (HaCaT) to t-BuOOH (50 or 200 μM, respectively) which induced a rapid necrotic cell death. Well-established regulators of cell death, i.e., p53, poly(ADP)ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), the stress kinases p38 and c-Jun N-terminal-kinases 1/2 (JNK1/2), or receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and 3 (RIPK3), were not required for t-BuOOH-mediated cell death. Using the selective inhibitors ferrostatin-1 (1 μM) and liproxstatin-1 (1 μM), we identified ferroptosis, a recently discovered cell death mechanism dependent on iron and lipid peroxidation, as the main cell death pathway. Accordingly, t-BuOOH exposure resulted in a ferrostatin-1- and liproxstatin-1-sensitive increase in lipid peroxidation and cytosolic ROS. Ferroptosis was executed independently from other t-BuOOH-mediated cellular damages, i.e., loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, DNA double-strand breaks, or replication block. H2O2 did not cause ferroptosis at equitoxic concentrations (300 μM) and induced a (1) lower and (2) ferrostatin-1- or liproxstatin-1-insensitive increase in lipid peroxidation. We identify that t-BuOOH and H2O2 produce a different pattern of lipid peroxidation, thereby leading to different cell death pathways and present t-BuOOH as a novel inducer of ferroptosis.
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55
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Napoletano F, Gibert B, Yacobi-Sharon K, Vincent S, Favrot C, Mehlen P, Girard V, Teil M, Chatelain G, Walter L, Arama E, Mollereau B. p53-dependent programmed necrosis controls germ cell homeostasis during spermatogenesis. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007024. [PMID: 28945745 PMCID: PMC5629030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of regulated necrosis in pathologies such as cerebral stroke and myocardial infarction is now fully recognized. However, the physiological relevance of regulated necrosis remains unclear. Here, we report a conserved role for p53 in regulating necrosis in Drosophila and mammalian spermatogenesis. We found that Drosophila p53 is required for the programmed necrosis that occurs spontaneously in mitotic germ cells during spermatogenesis. This form of necrosis involved an atypical function of the initiator caspase Dronc/Caspase 9, independent of its catalytic activity. Prevention of p53-dependent necrosis resulted in testicular hyperplasia, which was reversed by restoring necrosis in spermatogonia. In mouse testes, p53 was required for heat-induced germ cell necrosis, indicating that regulation of necrosis is a primordial function of p53 conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates. Drosophila and mouse spermatogenesis will thus be useful models to identify inducers of necrosis to treat cancers that are refractory to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Napoletano
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Keren Yacobi-Sharon
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stéphane Vincent
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Clémentine Favrot
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer and Development Laboratory- Equipe labellisée ‘La Ligue’, LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Victor Girard
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Margaux Teil
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Chatelain
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ludivine Walter
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bertrand Mollereau
- Laboratory of Biology and Modelling of the Cell, UMR5239 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, INSERM U1210, UMS 3444 Biosciences Lyon Gerland, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
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56
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Biphasic ROS production, p53 and BIK dictate the mode of cell death in response to DNA damage in colon cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182809. [PMID: 28796811 PMCID: PMC5552129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrosis, apoptosis and autophagic cell death are the main cell death pathways in multicellular organisms, all with distinct and overlapping cellular and biochemical features. DNA damage may trigger different types of cell death in cancer cells but the molecular events governing the mode of cell death remain elusive. Here we showed that increased BH3-only protein BIK levels promoted cisplatin- and UV-induced mitochondrial apoptosis and biphasic ROS production in HCT-116 wild-type cells. Nonetheless, early single peak of ROS formation along with lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cathepsin activation regulated cisplatin- and UV-induced necrosis in p53-null HCT-116 cells. Of note, necrotic cell death in p53-null HCT-116 cells did not depend on BIK, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization or caspase activation. These data demonstrate how cancer cells with different p53 background respond to DNA-damaging agents by integrating distinct cell signaling pathways dictating the mode of cell death.
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57
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Jordan JJ, Chhim S, Margulies CM, Allocca M, Bronson RT, Klungland A, Samson LD, Fu D. ALKBH7 drives a tissue and sex-specific necrotic cell death response following alkylation-induced damage. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2947. [PMID: 28726787 PMCID: PMC5550884 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regulated necrosis has emerged as a major cell death mechanism in response to different forms of physiological and pharmacological stress. The AlkB homolog 7 (ALKBH7) protein is required for regulated cellular necrosis in response to chemotherapeutic alkylating agents but its role within a whole organism is unknown. Here, we show that ALKBH7 modulates alkylation-induced cellular death through a tissue and sex-specific mechanism. At the whole-animal level, we find that ALKBH7 deficiency confers increased resistance to MMS-induced toxicity in male but not female mice. Moreover, ALKBH7-deficient mice exhibit protection against alkylation-mediated cytotoxicity in retinal photoreceptor and cerebellar granule cells, two cell types that undergo necrotic death through the initiation of the base excision repair pathway and hyperactivation of the PARP1/ARTD1 enzyme. Notably, the protection against alkylation-induced cerebellar degeneration is specific to ALKBH7-deficient male but not female mice. Our results uncover an in vivo role for ALKBH7 in mediating a sexually dimorphic tissue response to alkylation damage that could influence individual responses to chemotherapies based upon alkylating agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Jordan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sophea Chhim
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Carrie M Margulies
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mariacarmela Allocca
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Arne Klungland
- Department of Molecular Microbiology A3.3021, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biology, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dragony Fu
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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58
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The essential role of TAp73 in bortezomib-induced apoptosis in p53-deficient colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5423. [PMID: 28710427 PMCID: PMC5511205 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 are among the most highly occurring events in colorectal cancer (CRC). Such mutations have been shown to influence the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. However their impact on the efficacy of the proteasomal inhibitor bortezomib remains controversial. We thus re-evaluated the toxicity of bortezomib in the CRC cell lines HCT116 wt (wild-type) and its p53-/- clone. Transient resistance to bortezomib treatment was observed in p53-null cells that was later accompanied by an increase in levels and nuclear translocation of TAp73, an isoform of the p53-homologue p73, as well as induction of apoptosis. Knockdown of p73 in p53-/- cells using CRISPR/Cas9 significantly prolonged the duration of resistance. Moreover, similar results were observed in HT-29 cells carrying mutated p53, but not human fibroblasts with expression of functional p53. Thus, our results clearly demonstrated that TAp73 served as a substitute for p53 in bortezomib-induced apoptosis in p53-deficient or mutated cells, implicating that TAp73 could be a potential therapeutic target for treatment of CRCs, in particular those lacking functional p53.
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59
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Mitochondrial ND5 mutation mediated elevated ROS regulates apoptotic pathway epigenetically in a P53 dependent manner for generating pro-cancerous phenotypes. Mitochondrion 2017; 35:35-43. [PMID: 28502718 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have previously observed concomitant events of mutations in mitochondrial and nuclear genes, along with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and differential methylation within the promoters of nuclear genes in tumors and in vitro experiments of tumorigenesis. These observations have made it pertinent to replicate and understand the role of acquired mitochondrial condition in tuning a cell to accomplish a pro-cancerous state. Using a codon optimized vector system for exogenous over-expression and mitochondrial localization; we have characterized here the role of over-expressed wild type mtND5 and one of its non-synonymous somatic mutation, ND5:P265H. The ectopically over-expressed ND5:P265H in mitochondria resulted in a reduced Complex I activity, generation of higher ADP/ATP ratio, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and carbonylation of proteins as compared to mock-transfected cells. Cells over-expressing mtND5 variant produced both peroxide as well as super-oxide ROS; the generation of which was dependent on the functional status of P53; modulating epigenetically the expression of key apoptosis pathway genes. The pro-cancerous phenotypes, of anchorage dependent and independent growth; increased glucose uptake and lactate production, were selectively observed only in P53 non-functional cells over-expressing mutant ND5:P265H. We propose that somatic mutation in mtND5 resulting in down-regulated complex I enzyme activity, elevated ROS and up-regulation of a set of nuclear anti-apoptotic genes epigenetically in the P53 dysfunctional cellular background, has provided a unique understanding of the molecular mechanism of mitochondrial mutation; and the concomitant existence of somatically acquired mitochondrial and nuclear p53 mutations, in cancer progression and promotion.
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60
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MPP+ induces necrostatin-1- and ferrostatin-1-sensitive necrotic death of neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17013. [PMID: 28250973 PMCID: PMC5327502 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell death is potentially a powerful treatment modality for intractable diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases. Although there have been many reports about the possible involvement of various types of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases, it is still unclear exactly how neurons die in patients with these diseases, thus treatment strategies based on cell death regulation have not been established yet. To obtain some insight into the mechanisms of cell death involved in neurodegenerative diseases, we studied the effect of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) on the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y (a widely used model of Parkinson’s disease). We found that MPP+ predominantly induced non-apoptotic death of neuronally differentiated SH-SY5Y cells. This cell death was strongly inhibited by necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), a necroptosis inhibitor, and by an indole-containing compound (3,3′-diindolylmethane: DIM). However, it occurred independently of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1/3 (RIP1/RIP3), indicating that this form of cell death was not necroptosis. MPP+-induced cell death was also inhibited by several inhibitors of ferroptosis, including ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Although MPP+-induced death and ferroptosis shared some features, such as occurrence of lipid peroxidation and inhibition by Fer-1, MPP+-induced death seemed to be distinct from ferroptosis because MPP+-induced death (but not ferroptosis) was inhibited by Nec-1, was independent of p53, and was accompanied by ATP depletion and mitochondrial swelling. Further investigation of MPP+-induced non-apoptotic cell death may be useful for understanding the mechanisms of neuronal loss and for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease.
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61
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Tamura RE, Hunger A, Fernandes DC, Laurindo FR, Costanzi-Strauss E, Strauss BE. Induction of Oxidants Distinguishes Susceptibility of Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines to p53 Gene Transfer Mediated by an Improved Adenoviral Vector. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:639-653. [PMID: 28181816 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, the authors developed an adenoviral vector, Ad-PG, where transgene expression is regulated by a p53-responsive promoter. When used to transfer the p53 cDNA, a positive feedback mechanism is established. In the present study, a critical comparison is performed between Ad-PGp53 and AdRGD-PGp53, where the RGD motif was incorporated in the adenoviral fiber protein. AdRGD-PGp53 provided superior transgene expression levels and resulted in the killing of prostate carcinoma cell lines DU145 and PC3. In vitro, this effect was associated with increased production of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial oxidants, DNA damage as revealed by detection of phosphorylated H2AX, as well as cell death consistent with apoptosis. Differential gene expression of key mediators of reactive oxygen species pathways was also observed. Specifically, it was noted that induction of known p53-target genes Sestrin2 and PIG3, as well as a novel target, NOX1, occurred in PC3 cells only when transduced with the improved vector, AdRGD-PGp53. The participation of NOX1 was confirmed upon its inhibition using a specific peptide, resulting in reduced cell death. In situ gene therapy also resulted in significantly improved inhibition of tumor progression consistent with oxidant-induced DNA damage only when treated with the novel AdRGD-PGp53 vector. The study shows that the improved adenovirus overcomes limitations associated with other p53-expressing vectors and induces oxidant-mediating killing, thus supporting its further development for cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- 1 Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Hunger
- 1 Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise C Fernandes
- 2 Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco R Laurindo
- 2 Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Costanzi-Strauss
- 3 Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- 1 Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology/LIM24, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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62
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Soriano J, Mora-Espí I, Alea-Reyes ME, Pérez-García L, Barrios L, Ibáñez E, Nogués C. Cell Death Mechanisms in Tumoral and Non-Tumoral Human Cell Lines Triggered by Photodynamic Treatments: Apoptosis, Necrosis and Parthanatos. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41340. [PMID: 28112275 PMCID: PMC5256096 DOI: 10.1038/srep41340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell death triggered by photodynamic therapy can occur through different mechanisms: apoptosis, necrosis or autophagy. However, recent studies have demonstrated the existence of other mechanisms with characteristics of both necrosis and apoptosis. These new cell death pathways, collectively termed regulated necrosis, include a variety of processes triggered by different stimuli. In this study, we evaluated the cell death mechanism induced by photodynamic treatments with two photosensitizers, meso-tetrakis (4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin sodium salt (Na-H2TCPP) and its zinc derivative Na-ZnTCPP, in two human breast epithelial cell lines, a non-tumoral (MCF-10A) and a tumoral one (SKBR-3). Viability assays showed that photodynamic treatments with both photosensitizers induced a reduction in cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner and no dark toxicity was observed. The cell death mechanisms triggered were evaluated by several assays and cell line-dependent results were found. Most SKBR-3 cells died by either necrosis or apoptosis. By contrast, in MCF-10A cells, necrotic cells and another cell population with characteristics of both necrosis and apoptosis were predominant. In this latter population, cell death was PARP-dependent and translocation of AIF to the nucleus was observed in some cells. These characteristics are related with parthanatos, being the first evidence of this type of regulated necrosis in the field of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Soriano
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Mora-Espí
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - M E Alea-Reyes
- Departament de Farmacologia, toxicologia i Química Terapèutica and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Pérez-García
- Departament de Farmacologia, toxicologia i Química Terapèutica and Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Barrios
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Ibáñez
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Nogués
- Departament de Biologia Cel·lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Liu H, Li X, Ning G, Zhu S, Ma X, Liu X, Liu C, Huang M, Schmitt I, Wüllner U, Niu Y, Guo C, Wang Q, Tang TS. The Machado-Joseph Disease Deubiquitinase Ataxin-3 Regulates the Stability and Apoptotic Function of p53. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e2000733. [PMID: 27851749 PMCID: PMC5112960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), the physiological substrates of ataxin-3 (ATX-3) remain elusive, which limits our understanding of its normal cellular function and that of pathogenic mechanism of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). Here, we identify p53 to be a novel substrate of ATX-3. ATX-3 binds to native and polyubiquitinated p53 and deubiquitinates and stabilizes p53 by repressing its degradation through the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome pathway. ATX-3 deletion destabilizes p53, resulting in deficiency of p53 activity and functions, whereas ectopic expression of ATX-3 induces selective transcription/expression of p53 target genes and promotes p53-dependent apoptosis in both mammalian cells and the central nervous system of zebrafish. Furthermore, the polyglutamine (polyQ)-expanded ATX-3 retains enhanced interaction and deubiquitination catalytic activity to p53 and causes more severe p53-dependent neurodegeneration in zebrafish brains and in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) or striatum of a transgenic SCA3 mouse model. Our findings identify a novel molecular link between ATX-3 and p53-mediated cell death and provide an explanation for the direct involvement of p53 in SCA3 disease pathogenesis. Ataxin-3 (ATX-3) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that mutated in a neurodegenerative disease called spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3). It contains a polyglutamine (polyQ) tract near its C-terminus, the expansion of which is known to be the causative factor for SCA3. It has been known for a long time that ATX-3 is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB). However, the substrates targeted by ATX-3 in the physiological context remain elusive, thus largely limiting our understanding of its cellular function and that of the pathogenic mechanism of SCA3. This study has identified p53 to be a novel substrate of ATX-3, and its function is tightly regulated by ATX-3. PolyQ expansion augments ATX-3’s cellular function in p53 regulation. Due to enhanced interaction to p53 and up-regulation of p53, polyQ-expanded ATX-3 led to an increased p53-dependent neuronal cell death in zebrafish and mouse models, thus providing clear in vivo evidences for the direct involvement of p53 in SCA3 pathology. This study not only establishes a basic function of ATX-3 but also provides an explanation of how the interplays between ATX-3 and p53 contribute to the SCA3 pathogenesis; thus, it is an important contribution for the future development of therapeutic approaches for this currently untreatable neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guozhu Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Liu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ina Schmitt
- University of Bonn, Department of Neurology and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- University of Bonn, Department of Neurology and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yamei Niu
- Department of Pathology and Center for Experimental Animal Research, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), Beijing, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CG); (QW); (TST)
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CG); (QW); (TST)
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (CG); (QW); (TST)
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Yu C, Kim BS, Kim E. FAF1 mediates regulated necrosis through PARP1 activation upon oxidative stress leading to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Cell Death Differ 2016; 23:1873-1885. [PMID: 27662363 PMCID: PMC5071579 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulative damage caused by oxidative stress results in diverse pathological conditions. Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying cell death following oxidative stress is important. Here, we describe a novel role for Fas-associated factor 1 (FAF1) as a crucial regulator of necrotic cell death elicited by hydrogen peroxide. Upon oxidative insult, FAF1 translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and promoted the catalytic activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) through physical interaction. Moreover, FAF1 depletion prevented PARP1-linked downstream events involved in the triggering of cell death, including energetic collapse, mitochondrial depolarization and nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), implying that FAF1 has a key role in PARP1-dependent necrosis in response to oxidative stress. We further investigated whether FAF1 might contribute to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease through excessive PARP1 activation. Indeed, the overexpression of FAF1 using a recombinant adeno-associated virus system in the mouse ventral midbrain promoted PARP1 activation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Collectively, our data demonstrate the presence of an FAF1-PARP1 axis that is involved in oxidative stress-induced necrosis and in the pathology of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsun Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Bok-seok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
- Graduate School of New Drug Discovery and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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65
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Nicolai S, Rossi A, Di Daniele N, Melino G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Raschellà G. DNA repair and aging: the impact of the p53 family. Aging (Albany NY) 2016; 7:1050-65. [PMID: 26668111 PMCID: PMC4712331 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous factors that threaten the integrity of their DNA. The maintenance of genome stability is of paramount importance in the prevention of both cancer and aging processes. To deal with DNA damage, cells put into operation a sophisticated and coordinated mechanism, collectively known as DNA damage response (DDR). The DDR orchestrates different cellular processes, such as DNA repair, senescence and apoptosis. Among the key factors of the DDR, the related proteins p53, p63 and p73, all belonging to the same family of transcription factors, play multiple relevant roles. Indeed, the members of this family are directly involved in the induction of cell cycle arrest that is necessary to allow the cells to repair. Alternatively, they can promote cell death in case of prolonged or irreparable DNA damage. They also take part in a more direct task by modulating the expression of core factors involved in the process of DNA repair or by directly interacting with them. In this review we will analyze the fundamental roles of the p53 family in the aging process through their multifaceted function in DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Rossi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | | | - Giuseppe Raschellà
- ENEA Research Center Casaccia, Laboratory of Biosafety and Risk Assessment, 00123 Rome, Italy
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Kim EH, Jang H, Roh JL. A Novel Polyphenol Conjugate Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Head and Neck Cancer Cells to Cisplatin via Nrf2 Inhibition. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:2620-2629. [PMID: 27550943 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-16-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer cells show acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, such as cisplatin. This is a major cause of cancer treatment failure, and novel agents to overcome resistance are thus urgently required. A novel synthetic polyphenol conjugate, (E)-3-(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (DPP-23), selectively kills tumor cells via the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated unfolded protein response. We investigated the ability of DPP-23 to overcome cisplatin resistance in head and neck cancer (HNC) cells and further clarified its molecular mechanisms of action. Cisplatin-resistant HNC cell lines and their parental and other HNC cell lines were used. The effects of cisplatin and DPP-23 were assessed alone and in combination in HNC and normal cells using cell viability, cell cycle, and cell death assays, by measuring glutathione (GSH), ROS, and protein levels, and via preclinical mouse studies. DPP-23 induced selective cell death in HNC cells, including cisplatin-resistant HNC cells, but spared normal cells, via cellular GSH depletion and ROS accumulation. The effect was blocked by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. DPP-23 activated p53 and its related cell death pathways via a robust accumulation of cellular ROS that involved inhibition of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 antioxidant defense mechanisms. Thus, DPP-23 significantly overcame cisplatin resistance in HNC cells in vitro and in vivo As a promising anticancer strategy, ROS generation and subsequent selective cancer cell killing by DPP-23 might help to overcome cisplatin resistance in HNC. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(11); 2620-9. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Shi XJ, Yu B, Wang JW, Qi PP, Tang K, Huang X, Liu HM. Structurally novel steroidal spirooxindole by241 potently inhibits tumor growth mainly through ROS-mediated mechanisms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31607. [PMID: 27527552 PMCID: PMC4985843 DOI: 10.1038/srep31607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells always have increased ROS levels, thus making them more vulnerable to persistent endogenous oxidative stress. The biochemical difference between cancer and normal cells could be exploited to achieve selective cancer cell killing by exogenous ROS-producing agents. Herein we described a structurally novel steroidal spirooxindole by241 and its anticancer efficacy. By241 exhibited potent inhibition against human cancer cells and less toxic to normal cells. By241 concentration-dependently induced apoptosis of MGC-803 and EC9706 cells, accompanied with the mitochondrial dysfunction and increased ROS levels. NAC can completely restore the decreased cell viability of MGC-803 cells caused by by241, suggesting ROS-mediated mechanisms. The expression levels of proteins involved in the mitochondrion-related pathways were detected, showing increased expression of proapoptotic proteins and decreased expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, and activation of caspases-9/-3, but without activating caspase-8 expression. Pretreatment with Z-VAD-FMK partially rescued by241-induced apoptosis of MGC-803 cells. Additionally, by241 inhibited mTOR, activated p53 and its downstream proteins, cleaved MDM2 and PI3K/AKT as well as NF-κB signaling pathway. In vivo experiments showed that by241 did not have significant acute oral toxicity and exerted good anticancer efficacy against MGC-803 bearing mice models. Therefore, by241 may serve as a lead for further development for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ping-Ping Qi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Kai Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Exposure to Music Alters Cell Viability and Cell Motility of Human Nonauditory Cells in Culture. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:6849473. [PMID: 27478480 PMCID: PMC4960344 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6849473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Although music is part of virtually all cultures in the world, little is known about how it affects us. Since the beginning of this century several studies suggested that the response to music, and to sound in general, is complex and might not be exclusively due to emotion, given that cell types other than auditory hair cells can also directly react to audible sound. The present study was designed to better understand the direct effects of acoustic vibrations, in the form of music, in human cells in culture. Our results suggest that the mechanisms of cell growth arrest and/or cell death induced by acoustic vibrations are similar for auditory and nonauditory cells.
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69
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Al-Maghrebi M, Renno WM. Altered expression profile of glycolytic enzymes during testicular ischemia reperfusion injury is associated with the p53/TIGAR pathway: effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2195. [PMID: 27441124 PMCID: PMC4941766 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Testicular ischemia reperfusion injury (tIRI) is considered the mechanism underlying the pathology of testicular torsion and detorsion. Left untreated, tIRI can induce testis dysfunction, damage to spermatogenesis and possible infertility. In this study, we aimed to assess the activities and expression of glycolytic enzymes (GEs) in the testis and their possible modulation during tIRI. The effect of fructose 1,6-diphosphate (FDP), a glycolytic intermediate, on tIRI was also investigated. Methods. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham, unilateral tIRI, and tIRI + FDP (2 mg/kg). tIRI was induced by occlusion of the testicular artery for 1 h followed by 4 h of reperfusion. FDP was injected peritoneally 30 min prior to reperfusion. Histological and biochemical analyses were used to assess damage to spermatogenesis, activities of major GEs, and energy and oxidative stress markers. The relative mRNA expression of GEs was evaluated by real-time PCR. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of p53 and TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR). Results. Histological analysis revealed tIRI-induced spermatogenic damage as represented by a significant decrease in the Johnsen biopsy score. In addition, tIRI reduced the activities of hexokinase 1, phosphofructokinase-1, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase C. However, mRNA expression downregulation was detected only for hexokinase 1, phosphoglycerate kinase 2, and lactate dehydrogenase C. ATP and NADPH depletion was also induced by tIRI and was accompanied by an increased Malondialdehyde concentration, reduced glutathione level, and reduced superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities. The immunoexpression of p53 and TIGAR was markedly increased after tIRI. The above tIRI-induced alterations were attenuated by FDP treatment. Discussion. Our findings indicate that tIRI-induced spermatogenic damage is associated with dysregulation of GE activity and gene expression, which were associated with activation of the TIGAR/p53 pathway. FDP treatment had a beneficial effect on alleviating the damaging effects of tIRI. This study further emphasizes the importance of metabolic regulation for proper spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- May Al-Maghrebi
- Faculty of Medicine—Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Jabriyah, Kuwait
| | - Waleed M. Renno
- Faculty of Medicine—Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Jabriyah, Kuwait
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Ying Y, Padanilam BJ. Regulation of necrotic cell death: p53, PARP1 and cyclophilin D-overlapping pathways of regulated necrosis? Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2309-24. [PMID: 27048819 PMCID: PMC5490387 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2202-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to apoptosis and autophagy, necrotic cell death was considered to be a random, passive cell death without definable mediators. However, this dogma has been challenged by recent developments suggesting that necrotic cell death can also be a regulated process. Regulated necrosis includes multiple cell death modalities such as necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP)-mediated necrosis. Several distinctive executive molecules, particularly residing on the mitochondrial inner and outer membrane, amalgamating to form the MPTP have been defined. The c-subunit of the F1F0ATP synthase on the inner membrane and Bax/Bak on the outer membrane are considered to be the long sought components that form the MPTP. Opening of the MPTP results in loss of mitochondrial inner membrane potential, disruption of ATP production, increased ROS production, organelle swelling, mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent necrosis. Cyclophilin D, along with adenine nucleotide translocator and the phosphate carrier are considered to be important regulators involved in the opening of MPTP. Increased production of ROS can further trigger other necrotic pathways mediated through molecules such as PARP1, leading to irreversible cell damage. This review examines the roles of PARP1 and cyclophilin D in necrotic cell death. The hierarchical role of p53 in regulation and integration of key components of signaling pathway to elicit MPTP-mediated necrosis and ferroptosis is explored. In the context of recent insights, the indistinct role of necroptosis signaling in tubular necrosis after ischemic kidney injury is scrutinized. We conclude by discussing the participation of p53, PARP1 and cyclophilin D and their overlapping pathways to elicit MPTP-mediated necrosis and ferroptosis in acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ying
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, 985850 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850, USA
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, 985850 University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Lin CJ, Chen TL, Tseng YY, Wu GJ, Hsieh MH, Lin YW, Chen RM. Honokiol induces autophagic cell death in malignant glioma through reactive oxygen species-mediated regulation of the p53/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 304:59-69. [PMID: 27236003 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Honokiol, an active constituent extracted from the bark of Magnolia officinalis, possesses anticancer effects. Apoptosis is classified as type I programmed cell death, while autophagy is type II programmed cell death. We previously proved that honokiol induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of U87 MG glioma cells. Subsequently in this study, we evaluated the effect of honokiol on autophagy of glioma cells and examined the molecular mechanisms. Administration of honokiol to mice with an intracranial glioma increased expressions of cleaved caspase 3 and light chain 3 (LC3)-II. Exposure of U87 MG cells to honokiol also induced autophagy in concentration- and time-dependent manners. Results from the addition of 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, and rapamycin, an autophagy inducer confirmed that honokiol-induced autophagy contributed to cell death. Honokiol decreased protein levels of PI3K, phosphorylated (p)-Akt, and p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in vitro and in vivo. Pretreatment with a p53 inhibitor or transfection with p53 small interfering (si)RNA suppressed honokiol-induced autophagy by reversing downregulation of p-Akt and p-mTOR expressions. In addition, honokiol caused generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was suppressed by the antioxidant, vitamin C. Vitamin C also inhibited honokiol-induced autophagic and apoptotic cell death. Concurrently, honokiol-induced alterations in levels of p-p53, p53, p-Akt, and p-mTOR were attenuated following vitamin C administration. Taken together, our data indicated that honokiol induced ROS-mediated autophagic cell death through regulating the p53/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ju Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Liang Chen
- Anesthetics and Toxicology Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yun Tseng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shuang-Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gong-Jhe Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hui Hsieh
- Anesthetics and Toxicology Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Wei Lin
- Brain Disease Research Center, Taipei Medical University Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Anesthetics and Toxicology Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Brain Disease Research Center, Taipei Medical University Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Peritoneal expression of Matrilysin helps identify early post-operative recurrence of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:13402-15. [PMID: 25596746 PMCID: PMC4537023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of colorectal cancer (CRC) following a potentially curative resection is a challenging clinical problem. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is over-expressed by CRC cells and supposed to play a major role in CRC cell diffusion and metastasis. MMP-7 RNA expression was assessed by real-time PCR using specific primers in peritoneal washing fluid obtained during surgical procedure. After surgery, patients underwent a regular follow up for assessing recurrence. transcripts for MMP-7 were detected in 31/57 samples (54%). Patients were followed-up (range 20-48 months) for recurrence prevention. Recurrence was diagnosed in 6 out of 55 patients (11%) and two patients eventually died because of this. Notably, all the six patients who had relapsed were positive for MMP-7. Sensitivity and specificity of the test were 100% and 49% respectively. Data from patients have also been corroborated by computational approaches. Public available coloncarcinoma datasets have been employed to confirm MMP7 clinical impact on the disease. Interestingly, MMP-7 expression appeared correlated to Tgfb-1, and correlation of the two factors represented a poor prognostic factor. This study proposes positivity of MMP-7 in peritoneal cavity as a novel biomarker for predicting disease recurrence in patients with CRC.
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Guo F, Liu SQ, Gao XH, Zhang LY. AICAR induces AMPK-independent programmed necrosis in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:277-283. [PMID: 27103440 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AICAR (5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside or acadesine) is an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist, which induces cytotoxic effect to several cancer cells. Its potential activity in prostate cancer cells and the underlying signaling mechanisms have not been extensively studied. Here, we showed that AICAR primarily induced programmed necrosis, but not apoptosis, in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, PC-3 and PC-82 lines). AICAR's cytotoxicity to prostate cancer cells was largely attenuated by the necrosis inhibitor necrostatin-1. Mitochondrial protein cyclophilin-D (CYPD) is required for AICAR-induced programmed necrosis. CYPD inhibitors (cyclosporin A and sanglifehrin A) as well as CYPD shRNAs dramatically attenuated AICAR-induced prostate cancer cell necrosis and cytotoxicity. Notably, AICAR-induced cell necrosis appeared independent of AMPK, yet requiring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. ROS scavengers (N-acetylcysteine and MnTBAP), but not AMPKα shRNAs, largely inhibited prostate cancer cell necrosis and cytotoxicity by AICAR. In summary, the results of the present study demonstrate mechanistic evidences that AMPK-independent programmed necrosis contributes to AICAR's cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250013, China
| | - Shuang-Qing Liu
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250013, China
| | - Xing-Hua Gao
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250013, China
| | - Long-Yang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250013, China.
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Wu W, Xia Q, Luo RJ, Lin ZQ, Xue P. In vitro Study of the Antagonistic Effect of Low-dose Liquiritigenin on Gemcitabine-induced Capillary Leak Syndrome in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma via Inhibiting ROS- Mediated Signalling Pathways. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4369-76. [PMID: 26028101 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.10.4369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate in-vitro antagonistic effect of low-dose liquiritigenin on gemcitabine-induced capillary leak syndrome (CLS) in pancreatic adenocarcinoma via inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS)- mediated signalling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human pancreatic adenocarcinoma Panc-1 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated using low-dose liquiritigenin for 24 h, then added into gemcitabine and incubated for 48 h. Cell viability, apoptosis rate and ROS levels of Panc-1 cells and HUVECs were respectively detected through methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) and flow cytometry. For HUVECs, transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and transcellular and paracellular leak were measured using transwell assays, then poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and metal matrix proteinase-9 (MMP9) activity were assayed via kits, mRNA expressions of p53 and Rac-1 were determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR); The expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and PARP-1 were measured via western blotting. RESULTS Low-dose liquiritigenin exerted no effect on gemcitabine-induced changes of cell viability, apoptosis rate and ROS levels in Panc-1 cells, but for HUVECs, liquiritigenin (3 μM) could remarkably elevate gemcitabine- induced decrease of cell viability, transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), pro-MMP9 level and expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (p<0.01). Meanwhile, it could also significantly decrease gemcitabine-induced increase of transcellular and paracellular leak, ROS level, PARP-1 activity, Act-MMP9 level, mRNA expressions of p53 and Rac-1, expression of PARP-1 and apoptosis rate (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Low-dose liquiritigenin exerts an antagonistic effect on gemcitabine-induced leak across HUVECs via inhibiting ROS-mediated signalling pathways, but without affecting gemcitabine-induced Panc-1 cell apoptosis. Therefore, low-dose liquiritigenin might be beneficial to prevent the occurrence of gemcitabine-induced CLS in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China E-mail :
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Sashidhara KV, Singh LR, Shameem M, Shakya S, Kumar A, Laxman TS, Krishna S, Siddiqi MI, Bhatta RS, Banerjee D. Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of dihydropyrimidinone–semicarbazone hybrids as potential human DNA ligase 1 inhibitors. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6md00447d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of rationally designed new class of hLig1 inhibitors with potentin vitroanti-cancer properties is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koneni V. Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - L. Ravithej Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Mohammad Shameem
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Sarika Shakya
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Anoop Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | | | - Shagun Krishna
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Rabi S. Bhatta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
| | - Dibyendu Banerjee
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute
- Lucknow
- India
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76
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Effects of X-radiation on lung cancer cells: the interplay between oxidative stress and P53 levels. Med Oncol 2015; 32:266. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0712-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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77
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Mitotic catastrophe and cancer drug resistance: A link that must to be broken. Drug Resist Updat 2015; 24:1-12. [PMID: 26830311 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An increased tendency of genomic alterations during the life cycle of cells leads to genomic instability, which is a major driving force for tumorigenesis. A considerable fraction of tumor cells are tetraploid or aneuploid, which renders them intrinsically susceptible to mitotic aberrations, and hence, are particularly sensitive to the induction of mitotic catastrophe. Resistance to cell death is also closely linked to genomic instability, as it enables malignant cells to expand even in a stressful environment. Currently it is known that cells can die via multiple mechanisms. Mitotic catastrophe represents a step preceding apoptosis or necrosis, depending on the expression and/or proper function of several proteins. Mitotic catastrophe was proposed to be an onco-suppressive mechanism and the evasion of mitotic catastrophe constitutes one of the gateways to cancer development. Thus, stimulation of mitotic catastrophe appears to be a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Indeed, several chemotherapeutic drugs are currently used at concentrations that induce apoptosis irrespective of the cell cycle phase, yet are very efficient at triggering mitotic catastrophe at lower doses, significantly limiting side effects. In the present review we summarize current data concerning the role of mitotic catastrophe in cancer drug resistance and discuss novel strategies to break this link.
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Amelio I, Antonov AA, Catani MV, Massoud R, Bernassola F, Knight RA, Melino G, Rufini A. TAp73 promotes anabolism. Oncotarget 2015; 5:12820-934. [PMID: 25514460 PMCID: PMC4350352 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic adaptation has emerged as a hallmark of cancer and a promising therapeutic target, as rapidly proliferating cancer cells adapt their metabolism increasing nutrient uptake and reorganizing metabolic fluxes to support biosynthesis. The transcription factor p73 belongs to the p53-family and regulates tumorigenesis via its two N-terminal isoforms, with (TAp73) or without (ΔNp73) a transactivation domain. TAp73 acts as tumor suppressor, at least partially through induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and through regulation of genomic stability. Here, we sought to investigate whether TAp73 also affects metabolic profiling of cancer cells. Using high throughput metabolomics, we unveil a thorough and unexpected role for TAp73 in promoting Warburg effect and cellular metabolism. TAp73-expressing cells show increased rate of glycolysis, higher amino acid uptake and increased levels and biosynthesis of acetyl-CoA. Moreover, we report an extensive TAp73-mediated upregulation of several anabolic pathways including polyamine and synthesis of membrane phospholipids. TAp73 expression also increases cellular methyl-donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), possibly influencing methylation and epigenetics, and promotes arginine metabolism, suggestive of a role in extracellular matrix (ECM) modeling. In summary, our data indicate that TAp73 regulates multiple metabolic pathways that impinge on numerous cellular functions, but that, overall, converge to sustain cell growth and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Alexey A Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Renato Massoud
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Richard A Knight
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy. Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Technological University, St-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Cancer Studies, Cancer Research UK, Leicester Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
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79
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Chimento A, Saturnino C, Iacopetta D, Mazzotta R, Caruso A, Plutino MR, Mariconda A, Ramunno A, Sinicropi MS, Pezzi V, Longo P. Inhibition of human topoisomerase I and II and anti-proliferative effects on MCF-7 cells by new titanocene complexes. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:7302-12. [PMID: 26526741 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The antitumor activity shown by many platinum complexes has produced a strong interest in research of new organometallic compounds having anticancer action. Among the many metal compounds synthesized and tested, those based on titanium have received considerable attention because of their cytotoxic activity against solid tumors. Particularly, new titanocene compounds containing aromatic groups linked to the Cp (cyclopentadienyl ring, C5H5) have been synthetized, such as the titanocene Y (bis-[(p-methoxybenzyl)cyclopentadienyl]titanium dichloride) that displayed promising medium-high cytotoxic activity on breast cancer cell lines. Other titanocene complexes recently synthesized, obtained by replacing the substituent methoxy-aryl of cyclopentadienes of titanocene Y with ethenyl-methoxide or ethenyl-phenoxide, showed increased cytotoxic activity on breast cancer cell lines being more stable compounds. In this paper, we report that new titanocene complexes holding lipophilic groups, for instance a methyl group on benzyl carbon, exhibit improved antiproliferative effect on breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Similar results have been obtained introducing a 5-methoxy naphthyl group to further stabilize the titanocene complexes. These inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells have been ascribed to human topoisomerase I and II inhibition as demonstrated by specific enzymatic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Carmela Saturnino
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Mazzotta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Anna Caruso
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Plutino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Messina and Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici (CIRCMSB), Vill. S. Agata, Messina, Italy
| | - Annaluisa Mariconda
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutrition Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Pasquale Longo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Dhivya R, Jaividhya P, Riyasdeen A, Palaniandavar M, Mathan G, Akbarsha MA. In vitro antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing properties of a mononuclear copper(II) complex with dppz ligand, in two genotypically different breast cancer cell lines. Biometals 2015; 28:929-43. [PMID: 26335033 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-015-9877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the background that there is concerted effort to discover newer metal-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents that could overcome the limitations in cisplatin and that copper, a biocompatible and redox-active metal, offers potential as alternative to cisplatin, the present study was undertaken to investigate the in vitro anti-proliferative properties of the mononuclear copper(II)complex [Cu(L)(diimine)] + where LH = 2-[(2-dimethylaminoethylimino)methyl]phenol and diimine = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz) using breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (ER(+ve) and p53(WT)) and MDA-MB-231(ER(-ve) and p53(mutant)) when cisplatin was used as positive control. The complex affected the viability of both the cell lines in dose-as well as duration-dependent manner as revealed in the MTT assay. The 24 and 48 h IC50 of the complex were several times lesser than those of cisplatin, and within this huge difference the efficacy of the complex was much superior with MCF-7 cell compared to MDA-MB-231 cell. The cell death was preferentially apoptosis, though necrosis also occurred to a certain extent. These inferences were substantiated by AO/EB fluorescent staining, Hoechst staining, assessment of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, comet assay for DNA damage, DCFH assay for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and Western blot of apoptosis-related proteins. Thus, the copper(II) dppz complex under investigation is much more efficient than cisplatin in affecting viability of the breast cancer cells. The underlying mechanism appears to be DNA damage-primed (in view of the known intercalation mode of binding of the complex with DNA) and ROS-associated mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis to a great extent but necrosis also has a role to a certain extent, which may also be a PARP-mediated cell death independent of apoptosis. Within the purview of this conclusion, the results indicate that the ER and/or p53 genotypes have a bearing on the efficacy of the complex as a cytotoxic agent since the response in the ER(-ve) and p53(mutant) MDA-MB-231 cell was not so prominent as in ER(+ve) and p53(WT) MCF-7 cell. Taken together, the complex has been shown to be a potential DNA damaging agent and, in the light of the superiority of the complex over cisplatin, we are further investigating the possibility of targeted nano-delivery of the complex to the tumor cells. When tested on a normal cell, 3T3, Cu(II)dppz was found to affect its viability but at concentrations very high compared to those for the breast cancer cells. Yet, this is a cause of concern and, therefore, we are working out a strategy for targeted delivery of this complex to the cancer cells only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakumar Dhivya
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center for Alternatives to Use of Animals in Life Science Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Paramasivam Jaividhya
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Anvarbatcha Riyasdeen
- Research Center, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ganeshan Mathan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
| | - Mohammad Abdulkader Akbarsha
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center for Alternatives to Use of Animals in Life Science Education, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
- Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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81
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Melino S, Bellomaria A, Nepravishta R, Paci M, Melino G. p63 threonine phosphorylation signals the interaction with the WW domain of the E3 ligase Itch. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3207-17. [PMID: 25485500 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.951285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both in epithelial development as well as in epithelial cancers, the p53 family member p63 plays a crucial role acting as a master transcriptional regulator. P63 steady state protein levels are regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch, via a physical interaction between the PPxY consensus sequence (PY motif) of p63 and one of the 4 WW domains of Itch; this substrate recognition process leads to protein-ubiquitylation and p63 proteasomal degradation. The interaction of the WW domains, a highly compact protein-protein binding module, with the short proline-rich sequences is therefore a crucial regulatory event that may offer innovative potential therapeutic opportunity. Previous molecular studies on the Itch-p63 recognition have been performed in vitro using the Itch-WW2 domain and the peptide interacting fragment of p63 (pep63), which includes the PY motif. Itch-WW2-pep63 interaction is also stabilized in vitro by the conformational constriction of the S-S cyclization in the p63 peptide. The PY motif of p63, as also for other proteins, is characterized by the nearby presence of a (T/S)P motif, which is a potential recognition site of the WW domain of the IV group present in the prolyl-isomerase Pin1. In this study, we demonstrate, by in silico and spectroscopical studies using both the linear pep63 and its cyclic form, that the threonine phosphorylation of the (T/S)PPPxY motif may represent a crucial regulatory event of the Itch-mediated p63 ubiquitylation, increasing the Itch-WW domains-p63 recognition event and stabilizing in vivo the Itch-WW-p63 complex. Moreover, our studies confirm that the subsequently trans/cis proline isomerization of (T/S)P motif by the Pin1 prolyl-isomerase, could modulate the E3-ligase interaction, and that the (T/S)pPtransPPxY motif represent the best conformer for the ItchWW-(T/S)PPPxY motif recognition.
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Key Words
- CXCR4, chemokine receptor
- E3 ubiquitin ligases
- HECT, Homologous E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus
- IPTG, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside
- Itch
- Pin1
- Ppep63, phosphorylated pep63
- RHS, Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome
- RP-HPLC, reverse phase high performance chromatography
- TFE, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6
- cPpep63, cyclic phosphorylated pep63
- p53 family
- p63
- pep63, p63(534–551) peptide
- proline isomerization
- ubiquitynation
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melino
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche ; University of Rome "Tor Vergata" ; Rome , Italy
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82
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Antonov A, Agostini M, Morello M, Minieri M, Melino G, Amelio I. Bioinformatics analysis of the serine and glycine pathway in cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 5:11004-13. [PMID: 25436979 PMCID: PMC4294344 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine and glycine are amino acids that provide the essential precursors for the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids and lipids. Employing 3 subsequent enzymes, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), phosphoserine aminotransferase 1 (PSAT1), 3-phosphoglycerate from glycolysis can be converted in serine, which in turn can by converted in glycine by serine methyl transferase (SHMT). Besides proving precursors for macromolecules, serine/glycine biosynthesis is also required for the maintenance of cellular redox state. Therefore, this metabolic pathway has a pivotal role in proliferating cells, including cancer cells. In the last few years an emerging literature provides genetic and functional evidences that hyperactivation of serine/glycine biosynthetic pathway drives tumorigenesis. Here, we extend these observations performing a bioinformatics analysis using public cancer datasets. Our analysis highlighted the relevance of PHGDH and SHMT2 expression as prognostic factor for breast cancer, revealing a substantial ability of these enzymes to predict patient survival outcome. However analyzing patient datasets of lung cancer our analysis reveled that some other enzymes of the pathways, rather than PHGDH, might be associated to prognosis. Although these observations require further investigations they might suggest a selective requirement of some enzymes in specific cancer types, recommending more cautions in the development of novel translational opportunities and biomarker identification of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Maria Morello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Marilena Minieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK. Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy. Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
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83
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Niklison-Chirou MV, Killick R, Knight RA, Nicotera P, Melino G, Agostini M. How Does p73 Cause Neuronal Defects? Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4509-20. [PMID: 26266644 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9381-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The p53-family member, p73, plays a key role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS), in senescence, and in tumor formation. The role of p73 in neuronal differentiation is complex and involves several downstream pathways. Indeed, in the last few years, we have learnt that TAp73 directly or indirectly regulates several genes involved in neural biology. In particular, TAp73 is involved in the maintenance of neural stem/progenitor cell self-renewal and differentiation throughout the regulation of SOX-2, Hey-2, TRIM32 and Notch. In addition, TAp73 is also implicated in the regulation of the differentiation and function of postmitotic neurons by regulating the expression of p75NTR and GLS2 (glutamine metabolism). Further still, the regulation of miR-34a by TAp73 indicates that microRNAs can also participate in this multifunctional role of p73 in adult brain physiology. However, contradictory results still exist in the relationship between p73 and brain disorders, and this remains an important area for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Richard Killick
- The Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Richard A Knight
- Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Toxicology Unit, Medical Research Council, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy.
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84
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Kruiswijk F, Labuschagne CF, Vousden KH. p53 in survival, death and metabolic health: a lifeguard with a licence to kill. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2015; 16:393-405. [PMID: 26122615 DOI: 10.1038/nrm4007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 782] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The function of p53 as a tumour suppressor has been attributed to its ability to promote cell death or permanently inhibit cell proliferation. However, in recent years, it has become clear that p53 can also contribute to cell survival. p53 regulates various metabolic pathways, helping to balance glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, limiting the production of reactive oxygen species, and contributing to the ability of cells to adapt to and survive mild metabolic stresses. Although these activities may be integrated into the tumour suppressive functions of p53, deregulation of some elements of the p53-induced response might also provide tumours with a survival advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Kruiswijk
- 1] Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK. [2]
| | | | - Karen H Vousden
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
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85
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Landré V, Rotblat B, Melino S, Bernassola F, Melino G. Screening for E3-ubiquitin ligase inhibitors: challenges and opportunities. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7988-8013. [PMID: 25237759 PMCID: PMC4226663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a role in the regulation of most cellular pathways, and its deregulation has been implicated in a wide range of human pathologies that include cancer, neurodegenerative and immunological disorders and viral infections. Targeting the UPS by small molecular regulators thus provides an opportunity for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of several diseases. The proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib was approved for treatment of hematologic malignancies by the FDA in 2003, becoming the first drug targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system in the clinic. Development of drugs targeting specific components of the ubiquitin proteasome system, however, has lagged behind, mainly due to the complexity of the ubiquitination reaction and its outcomes. However, significant advances have been made in recent years in understanding the molecular nature of the ubiquitination system and the vast variety of cellular signals that it produces. Additionally, improvement of screening methods, both in vitro and in silico, have led to the discovery of a number of compounds targeting components of the ubiquitin proteasome system, and some of these have now entered clinical trials. Here, we discuss the current state of drug discovery targeting E3 ligases and the opportunities and challenges that it provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Landré
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - Sonia Melino
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK. Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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86
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Chen MB, Jiang Q, Liu YY, Zhang Y, He BS, Wei MX, Lu JW, Ji Y, Lu PH. C6 ceramide dramatically increases vincristine sensitivity both in vivo and in vitro, involving AMP-activated protein kinase-p53 signaling. Carcinogenesis 2015; 36:1061-70. [PMID: 26116623 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of the conventional cancer chemotherapy (i.e. vincristine) is limited in tumor cells exhibiting pre-existing or acquired resistance. Here, we found that C6 ceramide (C6) dramatically sensitized vincristine's activity. In vitro, C6 and vincristine coadministration induced substantial necrosis and apoptosis in multiple human cancer cell lines, which were accompanied by a profound AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, subsequent p53 activation, mTORC1 inactivation and Bcl-2/HIF-1α downregulation. Such synergistic effects were attenuated by AMPK inactivation through genetic mutation or short hairpin RNA silencing. Coadministration-activated p53 translocated to mitochondria, and formed a complex with cyclophilin-D, leading to mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and cell necrosis. Disrupting p53-Cyp-D complexation through pharmacological or genetic means reduced costimulation-induced cytotoxicity. In vivo, a liposomal C6 was synthesized, which dramatically enhanced the antiproliferative activity of vincristine on HCT-116 or A2780 xenografts. Together, C6 sensitizes vincristine-induced anticancer activity in vivo and in vitro, involving activating AMPK-p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Bin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No.91, Qianjin Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China, Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China, Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Department of Medical Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China and Department of Medical Oncology Center, Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Kunshan First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, No.91, Qianjin Road, Kunshan, Jiangsu 215300, China, The Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, China, Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China, Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, Department of Thoracic Surgery and Department of Medical Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China and Department of Medical Oncology Center, Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Bang-shun He
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, China
| | - Mu-Xin Wei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jian-Wei Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Baiziting 42, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China, Department of Thoracic Surgery and
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China and
| | - Pei-Hua Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, No. 299, Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, China and Department of Medical Oncology Center, Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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87
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Montariello D, Troiano A, Di Girolamo D, Beneke S, Calabrò V, Quesada P. Effect of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase and DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors on the p53/p63-dependent survival of carcinoma cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 94:212-9. [PMID: 25667043 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Depending on their genetic background (p53(wt) versus p53(null)), carcinoma cells are more or less sensitive to drug-induced cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. Among the members of the p53 family, p63 is characterized by two N-terminal isoforms, TAp63 and ΔNp63. TAp63 isoform has p53-like functions, while ΔNp63 acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of p53. We have previously published that TAp63 is involved in poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) signaling of DNA damage deriving from DNA topoisomerase I (TOP I) inhibition in carcinoma cells. In the present study, we treated MCF7 breast carcinoma cells (p53(+)/ΔNp63(-)) or SCC022 (p53(-)/ΔNp63(+)) squamous carcinoma cells with the TOP I inhibitor topotecan (TPT) and the PJ34 PARP inhibitor, to compare their effects in the two different cell contexts. In MCF7 cells, we found that PJ34 addition reverts TPT-dependent PARP-1 auto-modification and triggers caspase-dependent PARP-1 proteolysis. Moreover, TPT as single agent stimulates p53(ser15) phosphorylation, p53 PARylation and occupancy of the p21WAF promoter by p53 resulting in an increase of p21WAF expression. Interestingly, PJ34 in combination with TPT enhances p53 occupancy at the BAX promoter and is associated with increased BAX protein level. In SCC022 cells, instead, TPT+PJ34 combined treatment reduces the level of the anti-apoptotic ΔNp63α protein without inducing apoptosis. Remarkably, in such cells, either exogenous p53 or TAp63 can rescue the apoptotic program in response to the treatment. All together our results suggest that in cancer cells PARP inhibitor(s) can operate in the choice between growth arrest and apoptosis by modulating p53 family-dependent signal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annaelena Troiano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Sascha Beneke
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich-Vetsuisse, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Piera Quesada
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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88
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Stiedl P, McMahon R, Blaas L, Stanek V, Svinka J, Grabner B, Zollner G, Kessler SM, Claudel T, Müller M, Mikulits W, Bilban M, Esterbauer H, Eferl R, Haybaeck J, Trauner M, Casanova E. Growth hormone resistance exacerbates cholestasis-induced murine liver fibrosis. Hepatology 2015; 61:613-26. [PMID: 25179284 PMCID: PMC4986903 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Growth hormone (GH) resistance has been associated with liver cirrhosis in humans but its contribution to the disease remains controversial. In order to elucidate whether GH resistance plays a causal role in the establishment and development of liver fibrosis, or rather represents a major consequence thereof, we challenged mice lacking the GH receptor gene (Ghr(-/-), a model for GH resistance) by crossing them with Mdr2 knockout mice (Mdr2(-/-)), a mouse model of inflammatory cholestasis and liver fibrosis. Ghr(-/-);Mdr2(-/-) mice showed elevated serum markers associated with liver damage and cholestasis, extensive bile duct proliferation, and increased collagen deposition relative to Mdr2(-/-) mice, thus suggesting a more severe liver fibrosis phenotype. Additionally, Ghr(-/-);Mdr2(-/-) mice had a pronounced down-regulation of hepatoprotective genes Hnf6, Egfr, and Igf-1, and significantly increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in hepatocytes, compared to control mice. Moreover, single knockout mice (Ghr(-/-)) fed with a diet containing 1% cholic acid displayed an increase in hepatocyte ROS production, hepatocyte apoptosis, and bile infarcts compared to their wild-type littermates, indicating that loss of Ghr renders hepatocytes more susceptible to toxic bile acid accumulation. Surprisingly, and despite their severe fibrotic phenotype, Ghr(-/-);Mdr2(-/-) mice displayed a significant decrease in tumor incidence compared to Mdr2(-/-) mice, indicating that loss of Ghr signaling may slow the progression from fibrosis/cirrhosis to cancer in the liver. CONCLUSION GH resistance dramatically exacerbates liver fibrosis in a mouse model of inflammatory cholestasis, therefore suggesting that GH resistance plays a causal role in the disease and provides a novel target for the development of liver fibrosis treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Stiedl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert McMahon
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leander Blaas
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Victoria Stanek
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gernot Zollner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja M. Kessler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Thierry Claudel
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Biomodels Austria, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Esterbauer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center CCC, Institute for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Trauner
- Hans Popper Laboratory of Molecular Hepatology, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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89
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Doerflinger M, Glab JA, Puthalakath H. BH3-only proteins: a 20-year stock-take. FEBS J 2015; 282:1006-16. [PMID: 25565426 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BH3-only proteins are the sentinels of cellular stress, and their activation commits cells to apoptosis. Since the discovery of the first BH3-only protein BAD almost 20 years ago, at least seven more BH3-only proteins have been identified in mammals. They are regulated by a variety of environmental stimuli or by developmental cues, and play a crucial role in cellular homeostasis. Some are considered to be tumor suppressors, and also play a significant role in other pathologies. Their non-apoptotic functions are controversial, but there is broad consensus emerging regarding their role in apoptosis, which may help in designing better therapeutic agents for treating a variety of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Doerflinger
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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90
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Abstract
In a majority of pathophysiological settings, cell death is not accidental - it is controlled by a complex molecular apparatus. Such a system operates like a computer: it receives several inputs that inform on the current state of the cell and the extracellular microenvironment, integrates them and generates an output. Thus, depending on a network of signals generated at specific subcellular sites, cells can respond to stress by attemptinwg to recover homeostasis or by activating molecular cascades that lead to cell death by apoptosis or necrosis. Here, we discuss the mechanisms whereby cellular compartments - including the nucleus, mitochondria, plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cytoskeleton and cytosol - sense homeostatic perturbations and translate them into a cell-death-initiating signal.
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91
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Ying Y, Kim J, Westphal SN, Long KE, Padanilam BJ. Targeted deletion of p53 in the proximal tubule prevents ischemic renal injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:2707-16. [PMID: 24854277 PMCID: PMC4243356 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013121270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of p53 to kidney dysfunction, inflammation, and tubular cell death, hallmark features of ischemic renal injury (IRI), remains undefined. Here, we studied the role of proximal tubule cell (PTC)-specific p53 activation on the short- and long-term consequences of renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. After IRI, mice with PTC-specific deletion of p53 (p53 knockout [KO]) had diminished whole-kidney expression levels of p53 and its target genes, improved renal function, which was shown by decreased plasma levels of creatinine and BUN, and attenuated renal histologic damage, oxidative stress, and infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages compared with wild-type mice. Notably, necrotic cell death was attenuated in p53 KO ischemic kidneys as well as oxidant-injured p53-deficient primary PTCs and pifithrin-α-treated PTC lines. Reduced oxidative stress and diminished expression of PARP1 and Bax in p53 KO ischemic kidneys may account for the decreased necrosis. Apoptosis and expression of proapoptotic p53 targets, including Bid and Siva, were also significantly reduced, and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase was attenuated in p53 KO ischemic kidneys. Furthermore, IRI-induced activation of TGF-β and the long-term development of inflammation and interstitial fibrosis were significantly reduced in p53 KO mice. In conclusion, specific deletion of p53 in the PTC protects kidneys from functional and histologic deterioration after IRI by decreasing necrosis, apoptosis, and inflammation and modulates the long-term sequelae of IRI by preventing interstitial fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ying
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Jinu Kim
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Anatomy, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kelly E Long
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and
| | - Babu J Padanilam
- Departments of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska; and
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92
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Agostini M, Niklison-Chirou MV, Catani MV, Knight RA, Melino G, Rufini A. TAp73 promotes anti-senescence-anabolism not proliferation. Aging (Albany NY) 2014; 6:921-30. [PMID: 25554796 PMCID: PMC4276786 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
TAp73, a member of the p53 family, has been traditionally considered a tumor suppressor gene, but a recent report has claimed that it can promote cellular proliferation. This assumption is based on biochemical evidence of activation of anabolic metabolism, with enhanced pentose phosphate shunt (PPP) and nucleotide biosynthesis. Here, while we confirm that TAp73 expression enhances anabolism, we also substantiate its role in inhibiting proliferation and promoting cell death. Hence, we would like to propose an alternative interpretation of the accumulating data linking p73 to cellular metabolism: we suggest that TAp73 promotes anabolism to counteract cellular senescence rather than to support proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Agostini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK; current address
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCC, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester UK
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93
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Roh JL, Kim EH, Park JY, Kim JW, Kwon M, Lee BH. Piperlongumine selectively kills cancer cells and increases cisplatin antitumor activity in head and neck cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5:9227-38. [PMID: 25193861 PMCID: PMC4253430 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to cellular stress is not a vital function of normal cells but is required of cancer cells, and as such might be a sensible target in cancer therapy. Piperlongumine is a naturally occurring small molecule selectively toxic to cancer cells. This study assesses the cytotoxicity of piperlongumine and its combination with cisplatin in head-and-neck cancer (HNC) cells in vitro and in vivo. The effect of piperlongumine, alone and in combination with cisplatin, was assessed in human HNC cells and normal cells by measuring growth, death, cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and protein expression, and in tumor xenograft mouse models. Piperlongumine killed HNC cells regardless of p53 mutational status but spared normal cells. It increased ROS accumulation in HNC cells, an effect that can be blocked by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Piperlongumine induced selective cell death in HNC cells by targeting the stress response to ROS, leading to the induction of death pathways involving JNK and PARP. Piperlongumine increased cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in HNC cells in a synergistic manner in vitro and in vivo. Piperlongumine might be a promising small molecule with which to selectively kill HNC cells and increase cisplatin antitumor activity by targeting the oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Lyel Roh
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Park
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kwon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Heon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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94
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2-Phenylethynesulfonamide (PES) uncovers a necrotic process regulated by oxidative stress and p53. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:301-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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95
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Xu HG, Zhai YX, Chen J, Lu Y, Wang JW, Quan CS, Zhao RX, Xiao X, He Q, Werle KD, Kim HG, Lopez R, Cui R, Liang J, Li YL, Xu ZX. LKB1 reduces ROS-mediated cell damage via activation of p38. Oncogene 2014; 34:3848-59. [PMID: 25263448 PMCID: PMC4377312 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liver kinase B1 (LKB1, also known as serine/threonine kinase 11, STK11) is a tumor suppressor mutated in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and in a variety of sporadic cancers. Herein, we demonstrate that LKB1 controls the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protects the genome from oxidative damage. Cells lacking LKB1 exhibit markedly increased intracellular ROS levels, excessive oxidation of DNA, increased mutation rates, and accumulation of DNA damage, which are effectively prevented by ectopic expression of LKB1 and by incubation with antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The role of LKB1 in suppressing ROS is independent of AMPK, a canonical substrate of LKB1. Instead, under the elevated ROS, LKB1 binds to and maintains the activity of cdc42-PAK1 (p21 activated kinase 1) complex, which triggers the activation of p38 and its downstream signaling targets, such as ATF-2, thereby enhancing the activity of SOD-2 and catalase, two antioxidant enzymes that protect the cells from ROS accumulation, DNA damage, and loss of viability. Our results provide a new paradigm for a non-canonical tumor suppressor function of LKB1 and highlight the importance of targeting ROS signaling as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer cells lacking LKB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-G Xu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Y-X Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - J Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - J-W Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - C-S Quan
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - R-X Zhao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - X Xiao
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Q He
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - K D Werle
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - H-G Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R Lopez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R Cui
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Liang
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y-L Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Z-X Xu
- 1] Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA [2] Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Norman Bethune College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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96
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Bahrami F, Morris DL, Rufener L, Pourgholami MH. Anticancer properties of novel aminoacetonitrile derivative monepantel (ADD 1566) in pre-clinical models of human ovarian cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:545-557. [PMID: 25232496 PMCID: PMC4163619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Monepantel (MPL) is a new anthelmintic agent approved for the treatment of nematode infections in farm animals. As a nematicide, it acts through a nematode-specific nicotinic receptor subtype which explains its exceptional safety in rodents and mammals. In the present study, we evaluated its potential as an anticancer agent. In vitro treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer cells with MPL resulted in reduced cell viability, inhibition of cell proliferation and suppression of colony formation. Proliferation of human ovarian surface epithelial cells and other non-malignant cells were however minimally affected. MPL-induced inhibition was found to be independent of the acetylcholine nicotinic receptor (nAChR) indicating that, its target in cancer cells is probably different from that in nematodes. Analysis of MPL treated cells by flow cytometry revealed G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Accordingly, MPL treated cells expressed reduced levels of cyclins D1 and A whereas cyclin E2 expression was enhanced. Consistent with a G1 phase arrest, cellular levels of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) 2 and 4 were lower, whereas expression of CDK inhibitor p27(kip) was increased. In cells expressing the wild-type p53, MPL treatment led to increased p53 expression. In line with these results, MPL suppressed cellular thymidine incorporation thus impairing DNA synthesis and inducing cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP-1). Combined these pre-clinical findings reveal for the first time the anticancer potential of monepantel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Bahrami
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales 2217, Australia
| | - David L Morris
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, University of New South Wales, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales 2217, Australia
| | - Lucien Rufener
- Novartis Centre de Recherche Santé AnimaleCH-1566 St Aubin (FR), Switzerland
| | - Mohammad H Pourgholami
- Department of Surgery, Cancer Research Laboratory, St George HospitalSydney, New South Wales 2217, Australia
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97
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p53 talks to PARP: the increasing complexity of p53-induced cell death. Cell Death Differ 2014; 20:1438-9. [PMID: 24096931 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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98
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil T Pfister
- Department of Biological Sciences; Columbia University; New York, NY USA
| | - Kathryn E Yoh
- Department of Biological Sciences; Columbia University; New York, NY USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences; Columbia University; New York, NY USA
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99
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Marchenko ND, Moll UM. Mitochondrial death functions of p53. Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e955995. [PMID: 27308326 PMCID: PMC4905191 DOI: 10.1080/23723548.2014.955995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor network plays a fundamental surveillance role in both homeostatic and adaptive cell biology. p53 is one of the most important barriers against malignant derailment of normal cells, orchestrating growth arrest, senescence, or cell death by linking many different pathways in response to genotoxic and non-genotoxic insults. p53 is the key broadband sensor for numerous cellular stresses such as DNA damage, hypoxia, oxidative stress, oncogenic signaling, and nucleolar stress. The crucial tumor suppressive and tissue homeostasis activity of p53 is its ability to activate cell death via multiple different pathways. A well-characterized biochemical function of p53 in the regulation of apoptosis is its role as a potent transcriptional regulator. p53 activates a panel of proapoptotic genes from the mitochondrial apoptotic and death receptor programs while repressing antiapoptotic Bcl2 family genes. In addition, over the last 10 y a growing body of evidence has also defined direct extranuclear non-transcriptional p53 activities within mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways that are based on p53 protein accumulation in cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments and protein-protein interactions. To date, transcription-independent p53-mediated cell death regulation has been described for apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. Because mitochondrial dysregulation is central to the development of a number of pathologic processes such as cancer and neurodegenerative and age-related diseases, understanding the direct roles of p53 protein in mitochondria has high translational impact and could facilitate the development of novel drug targets to combat these diseases. In this review we will mainly focus on mechanisms of p53-mediated transcription-independent cell death pathways at mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Marchenko
- Department of Pathology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook, NY USA
- Correspondence to: N D Marchenko;
| | - U M Moll
- Department of Pathology; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook, NY USA
- U M Moll;
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100
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Cytotoxic effects of dillapiole on MDA-MB-231 cells involve the induction of apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway by inducing an oxidative stress while altering the cytoskeleton network. Biochimie 2014; 99:195-207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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