51
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Roy S, Roy S, Kar M, Thakur S, Akhter Y, Kumar A, Delogu F, Padhi S, Saha A, Banerjee B. p38 MAPK pathway and its interaction with TRF2 in cisplatin induced chemotherapeutic response in head and neck cancer. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:53. [PMID: 29983416 PMCID: PMC6036057 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TRF2 is a telomere binding protein, a component of the shelterin complex that plays a major role in maintaining the integrity of the genome. TRF2 is over-expressed in a number of human cancers including Head and Neck cancer and might play a key role in tumor initiation and development. p38 MAPK signaling pathway is strongly activated in response to various environmental and cellular stresses and thus overexpressed in most of the Head and Neck cancer cases. In this study, we investigated potential interactions of TRF2 with p38 in HNSCC cells and patient samples. Using in silico experiments, we identified interface polar residue Asp-354 of p38 and Arg-492, Arg-496 of TRF2 as protein–protein interaction hotspots. In addition to these interactions, Arg-49 residue of p38 was also found to interact with Glu-456 of TRF2. A detailed understanding of how phosphorylated and unphosphorylated state of p38 protein can influence the stability, specificity and to some extent a conformational change of p38-TRF2 binding is presented. Silencing of TRF2 significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p38 in HNSCC cells which was confirmed by western blot, immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation and alternatively inhibiting p38 using p38 inhibitor (SB 203580) decreased the expression of TRF2 in HNSCC cells. Furthermore, we checked the effect of TRF2 silencing and p38 inhibition in cisplatin induced chemosensitivity of SCC-131 cells. TRF2 silencing and p38 inhibition chemosensitize HNSCC cells to cisplatin. Thus, targeting TRF2 in combinatorial therapeutics can be a treatment modality for Head and Neck cancer which involves inhibition of p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shomereeta Roy
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Souvick Roy
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Madhabananda Kar
- Professor and Head, Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751019, India
| | - Shweta Thakur
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, Himachal Pradesh, 176206, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226025, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Departments of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy.,Biosciences Sector, Center for Advanced Study Research and Development in Sardinia (CRS4), Loc. Piscina Manna, 09010, Pula, Italy
| | - Francesco Delogu
- Departments of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, via Marengo 2, 09123, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Swatishree Padhi
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Arka Saha
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India
| | - Birendranath Banerjee
- Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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Wang H, Ni J, Guo X, Zhou T, Ma X, Xue J, Wang X. Shelterin differentially respond to oxidative stress induced by TiO 2-NPs and regulate telomere length in human hepatocytes and hepatocarcinoma cells in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:697-702. [PMID: 29909006 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs) have raised serious attention for their widely use and potential adverse effects on human mainly due to producing ROS. However, the influence of TiO2-NPs on telomere maintaining has not been studied clearly. Shelterin plays core roles in telomere length (TL) regulation. Abnormal TL are associated with chromosome instability (CIN) and high risk of diseases. This study investigated whether TiO2-NPs affect TL to induce CIN through ROS generation and the possible mechanisms. Human hepatocyte L-02 and hepatocarcinoma cells QGY were exposed to TiO2-NPs (0, 40, 80 μg/mL) for 72 h. The intracellular hydrogen dioxide (H2O2) concentration were measured. The TL, Nrf-2, and three core shelterin components (TRF1, TRF2, and POT1) transcription level were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. CIN was measured by cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. TiO2-NPs exposure increased intracellular H2O2 in both L-02 and QGY cells, and induced Nrf-2, TRF1, TRF2, POT1 downregulated transcription compared with control (P < 0.001) in L-02 but all upregulated (P < 0.05) in QGY. Significant TL shortening (P < 0.001) and CIN increase (P < 0.01) in L-02 cells were observed but not in QGY cells. The differentially responses of the tested components of shelterin and Nrf-2 to oxidative stress induced by TiO2-NPs led to the weakened telomere protection in normal cells and effective telomere maintenance in cancer cells, respectively. The upregulation of Nrf-2 and shelterin could protect TL and chromosome stability against TiO2-NPs exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Juan Ni
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xihan Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China
| | - Xiaoling Ma
- Shanghai Sanyu China Gene Science & Technology CO., Ltd., Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinglun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China.
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53
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Purohit G, Mukherjee AK, Sharma S, Chowdhury S. Extratelomeric Binding of the Telomere Binding Protein TRF2 at the PCGF3 Promoter Is G-Quadruplex Motif-Dependent. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2317-2324. [PMID: 29589913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) is critical for the protection of chromosome ends. Mounting evidence suggests that TRF2 associates with extratelomeric sites and TRF2 functions may not be limited to telomeres. Here, we show that the PCGF3 promoter harbors a sequence capable of forming the DNA secondary structure G-quadruplex motif, which is required for binding of TRF2 at the PCGF3 promoter. We demonstrate that promoter binding by TRF2 mediates PCGF3 promoter activity, and both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of TRF2 are necessary for promoter activity. Altogether, this shows for the first time that a telomere binding factor may regulate a component of the polycomb group of proteins.
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54
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Hellec C, Delos M, Carpentier M, Denys A, Allain F. The heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferases (HS3ST) 2, 3B and 4 enhance proliferation and survival in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194676. [PMID: 29547633 PMCID: PMC5856405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate 3-O-sulfotransferases (HS3STs) catalyze the final maturation step of heparan sulfates. Although seven HS3ST isozymes have been described in human, 3-O-sulfation is a relatively rare modification, and only a few biological processes have been described to be influenced by 3-O-sulfated motifs. A conflicting literature has recently reported that HS3ST2, 3A, 3B and 4 may exhibit either tumor-promoting or anti-oncogenic properties, depending on the model used and cancer cell phenotype. Hence, we decided to compare the consequences of the overexpression of each of these HS3STs in the same cellular model. We demonstrated that, unlike HS3ST3A, the other three isozymes enhanced the proliferation of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 cells. Moreover, the colony forming capacity of MDA-MB-231 cells was markedly increased by the expression of HS3ST2, 3B and 4. No notable difference was observed between the three isozymes, meaning that the modifications catalyzed by each HS3ST had the same functional impact on cell behavior. We then demonstrated that overexpression of HS3ST2, 3B and 4 was accompanied by increased activation of c-Src, Akt and NF-κB and up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins survivin and XIAP. In line with these findings, we showed that HS3ST-transfected cells are more resistant to cell death induction by pro-apoptotic stimuli or NK cells. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that HS3ST2, 3B and 4 share the same pro-tumoral activity and support the idea that these HS3STs could compensate each other for loss of their expression depending on the molecular signature of cancer cells and/or changes in the tumor environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Hellec
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Maxime Delos
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Mathieu Carpentier
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Agnès Denys
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Allain
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576—UGSF—Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
- * E-mail:
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55
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Benhamou Y, Picco V, Raybaud H, Sudaka A, Chamorey E, Brolih S, Monteverde M, Merlano M, Lo Nigro C, Ambrosetti D, Pagès G. Telomeric repeat-binding factor 2: a marker for survival and anti-EGFR efficacy in oral carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:44236-44251. [PMID: 27329590 PMCID: PMC5190092 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common oral cancer worldwide. Treatments including surgery, radio- and chemo-therapies mostly result in debilitating side effects. Thus, a more accurate evaluation of patients at risk of recurrence after radio/chemo treatment is important for preserving their quality of life. We assessed whether the Telomeric Repeat-binding Factor 2 (TERF2) influences tumor aggressiveness and treatment response. TERF2 is over-expressed in many cancers but its correlation to patient outcome remains controversial in OSCC. Our retrospective study on sixty-two patients showed that TERF2 overexpression has a negative impact on survival time. TERF2-dependent survival time was independent of tumor size in a multivariate analysis. In vitro, TERF2 knockdown by RNA interference had no effect on cell proliferation, migration, senescence and apoptosis. Instead, TERF2 knockdown increased the expression of cytokines implicated in inflammation and angiogenesis, except for vascular endothelial growth factor. TERF2 knockdown resulted in a decrease vascularization and growth of xenograft tumors. Finally, response to erlotinib/Tarceva and cetuximab/Erbitux treatment was increased in TRF2 knocked-down cells. Hence, TERF2 may represent an independent marker of survival for OSCC and a predictive marker for cetuximab/Erbitux and erlotinib/Tarceva efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan Benhamou
- CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France.,Odontology Department, Nice University Hospital, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Vincent Picco
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Hélène Raybaud
- Central Laboratory of Pathology, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Anne Sudaka
- Department of Pathology, Research and Statistics, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Emmanuel Chamorey
- Department of Pathology, Research and Statistics, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Sanja Brolih
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Martino Monteverde
- Cancer Genetics and Translational Oncology Laboratory, S. Croce & Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Marco Merlano
- Medical Oncology, Oncology Department, S. Croce & Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lo Nigro
- Cancer Genetics and Translational Oncology Laboratory, S. Croce & Carle Teaching Hospital, Cuneo, Italy
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Central Laboratory of Pathology, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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The differential spatiotemporal expression pattern of shelterin genes throughout lifespan. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 9:1219-1232. [PMID: 28437249 PMCID: PMC5425123 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Shelterin forms the core complex of telomere proteins and plays critical roles in protecting telomeres against unwanted activation of the DNA damage response and in maintaining telomere length homeostasis. Although shelterin expression is believed to be ubiquitous for stabilization of chromosomal ends. Evidences suggest that some shelterin subunits have tissue-specific functions. However, very little is known regarding how shelterin subunit gene expression is regulated during development and aging. Using two different animal models, the mouse and zebrafish, we reveal herein that shelterin subunits exhibit distinct spatial and temporal expression patterns that do not correlate with the proliferative status of the organ systems examined. Together, this work shows that the shelterin subunits exhibit distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns, suggesting important tissue-specific functions during development and aging.
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57
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Picco V, Coste I, Giraud-Panis MJ, Renno T, Gilson E, Pagès G. ERK1/2/MAPK pathway-dependent regulation of the telomeric factor TRF2. Oncotarget 2018; 7:46615-46627. [PMID: 27366950 PMCID: PMC5216822 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere stability is a hallmark of immortalized cells, including cancer cells. While the telomere length is maintained in most cases by the telomerase, the activity of a protein complex called Shelterin is required to protect telomeres against unsuitable activation of the DNA damage response pathway. Within this complex, telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) plays an essential role by blocking the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated protein (ATM) signaling pathway at telomeres and preventing chromosome end fusion. We showed that TRF2 was phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo on serine 323 by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) in both normal and cancer cells. Moreover, TRF2 and activated ERK1/2 unexpectedly interacted in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and human tumor tissues. The expression of non-phosphorylatable forms of TRF2 in melanoma cells induced the DNA damage response, leading to growth arrest and tumor reversion. These findings revealed that the telomere stability is under direct control of one of the major pro-oncogenic signaling pathways (RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK) via TRF2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Picco
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Biomedical Department, MC-98000 Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Isabelle Coste
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Giraud-Panis
- University of Nice, Sophia Antipolis, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Medical School, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Toufic Renno
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Université de Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- University of Nice, Sophia Antipolis, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Medical School, 06107 Nice, France.,Department of Medical Genetics, Archet 2 Hospital, CHU of Nice, 06200 Nice, France
| | - Gilles Pagès
- University of Nice, Sophia Antipolis, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Medical School, 06107 Nice, France
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58
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Nagarajan A, Malvi P, Wajapeyee N. Heparan Sulfate and Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans in Cancer Initiation and Progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:483. [PMID: 30197623 PMCID: PMC6118229 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) are complex unbranched carbohydrate chains that are heavily modified by sulfate and exist either conjugated to proteins or as free, unconjugated chains. Proteins with covalently bound Heparan sulfate chains are termed Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (HSPGs). Both HS and HSPGs bind to various growth factors and act as co-receptors for different cell surface receptors. They also modulate the dynamics and kinetics of various ligand-receptor interactions, which in turn can influence the duration and potency of the signaling. HS and HSPGs have also been shown to exert a structural role as a component of the extracellular matrix, thereby altering processes such as cell adhesion, immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis. Previous studies have shown that HS are deregulated in a variety of solid tumors and hematological malignancies and regulate key aspects of cancer initiation and progression. HS deregulation in cancer can occur as a result of changes in the level of HSPGs or due to changes in the levels of HS biosynthesis and remodeling enzymes. Here, we describe the major cell-autonomous (proliferation, apoptosis/senescence and differentiation) and cell-non-autonomous (angiogenesis, immune evasion, and matrix remodeling) roles of HS and HSPGs in cancer. Finally, we discuss therapeutic opportunities for targeting deregulated HS biosynthesis and HSPGs as a strategy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvindhan Nagarajan
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Parmanand Malvi
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Narendra Wajapeyee
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Narendra Wajapeyee
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59
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de Melo Gagliato D, Cortes J, Curigliano G, Loi S, Denkert C, Perez-Garcia J, Holgado E. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in Breast Cancer and implications for clinical practice. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:527-537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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60
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Ilic A, Lu S, Bhatia V, Begum F, Klonisch T, Agarwal P, Xu W, Davie JR. Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 is associated with shelterin complex at interstitial telomeric sites. Epigenetics Chromatin 2017; 10:54. [PMID: 29126443 PMCID: PMC5681776 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-017-0160-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1) is primarily expressed in neuronal cells and neuroendocrine cells and has been associated with various diseases, including many cancers. It is a multifunctional protein involved in deubiquitination, ubiquitination and ubiquitin homeostasis, but its specific roles are disputed and still generally undetermined. RESULTS Herein, we demonstrate that UCHL1 is associated with genomic DNA in certain prostate cancer cell lines, including DU 145 cells derived from a brain metastatic site, and in HEK293T embryonic kidney cells with a neuronal lineage. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing revealed that UCHL1 localizes to TTAGGG repeats at telomeres and interstitial telomeric sequences, as do TRF1 and TRF2, components of the shelterin complex. A weak or transient interaction between UCHL1 and the shelterin complex was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. UCHL1 and RAP1, also known as TERF2IP and a component of the shelterin complex, were bound to the nuclear scaffold. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a novel feature of UCHL1 in binding telomeres and interstitial telomeric sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ilic
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Room 600A, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Sumin Lu
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Room 600A, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Vikram Bhatia
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Room 600A, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Farhana Begum
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, 130-745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Thomas Klonisch
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba, 130-745 Bannatyne Ave, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Prasoon Agarwal
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Room 600A, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Wayne Xu
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Room 600A, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - James R Davie
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Room 600A, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3P4, Canada.
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61
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Rizzo A, Iachettini S, Salvati E, Zizza P, Maresca C, D'Angelo C, Benarroch-Popivker D, Capolupo A, Del Gaudio F, Cosconati S, Di Maro S, Merlino F, Novellino E, Amoreo CA, Mottolese M, Sperduti I, Gilson E, Biroccio A. SIRT6 interacts with TRF2 and promotes its degradation in response to DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1820-1834. [PMID: 27923994 PMCID: PMC5389694 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) has been increasingly recognized to be involved in telomere maintenance and DNA damage response. Here, we show that TRF2 directly binds SIRT6 in a DNA independent manner and that this interaction is increased upon replication stress. Knockdown of SIRT6 up-regulates TRF2 protein levels and counteracts its down-regulation during DNA damage response, leading to cell survival. Moreover, we report that SIRT6 deactetylates in vivo the TRFH domain of TRF2, which in turn, is ubiquitylated in vivo activating the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. Notably, overexpression of the TRF2cT mutant failed to be stabilized by SIRT6 depletion, demonstrating that the TRFH domain is required for its post-transcriptional modification. Finally, we report an inverse correlation between SIRT6 and TRF2 protein expression levels in a cohort of colon rectal cancer patients. Taken together our findings describe TRF2 as a novel SIRT6 substrate and demonstrate that acetylation of TRF2 plays a crucial role in the regulation of TRF2 protein stability, thus providing a new route for modulating its expression level during oncogenesis and damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rizzo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Sara Iachettini
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Erica Salvati
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Carmen Maresca
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Carmen D'Angelo
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Delphine Benarroch-Popivker
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1081 CNRS UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Faculty of Medicine, France
| | - Angela Capolupo
- Department of Pharmacy, PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (SA) 84084, Italy
| | - Federica Del Gaudio
- Department of Pharmacy, PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (SA) 84084, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Salvatore Di Maro
- DiSTABiF, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, Caserta 81100, Italy
| | - Francesco Merlino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Carla Azzurra Amoreo
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Marcella Mottolese
- Department of Pathology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistics Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
| | - Eric Gilson
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM U1081 CNRS UMR7284, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Faculty of Medicine, France.,Department of Medical Genetics, Archet 2 Hospital, CHU of Nice, France
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Via Elio Chianesi 53, Rome 00144, Italy
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62
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Barrow AD, Colonna M. Tailoring Natural Killer cell immunotherapy to the tumour microenvironment. Semin Immunol 2017; 31:30-36. [PMID: 28935344 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic and cytokine-secreting cells that can mediate potent anti-tumour activity. Accumulating evidence indicates that NK cell functions are severely compromised within the confines of the tumour microenvironment thus impairing the efficacy and development of NK cell-based therapies. Here we review the various cellular and molecular pathways that tumours have supplanted to evade NK cell surveillance. We highlight novel strategies designed to alleviate or circumvent the immunosuppressive conditions of the tumour microenvironment in order to emancipate NK cell function and stifle the inexorable growth and metastasis of malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander David Barrow
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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63
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Transcription regulation of CDKN1A (p21/CIP1/WAF1) by TRF2 is epigenetically controlled through the REST repressor complex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11541. [PMID: 28912501 PMCID: PMC5599563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We observed extra-telomeric binding of the telomere repeat binding factor TRF2 within the promoter of the cyclin-dependent kinase CDKNIA (p21/CIP1/WAF1). This result in TRF2 induced transcription repression of p21. Interestingly, p21 repression was through engagement of the REST-coREST-LSD1-repressor complex and altered histone marks at the p21 promoter in a TRF2-dependent fashion. Furthermore, mutational analysis shows p21 repression requires interaction of TRF2 with a p21 promoter G-quadruplex. Physiologically, TRF2-mediated p21 repression attenuated drug-induced activation of cellular DNA damage response by evading G2/M arrest in cancer cells. Together these reveal for the first time role of TRF2 in REST- repressor complex mediated transcription repression.
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64
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Charif R, Granotier-Beckers C, Bertrand HC, Poupon J, Ségal-Bendirdjian E, Teulade-Fichou MP, Boussin FD, Bombard S. Association of a Platinum Complex to a G-Quadruplex Ligand Enhances Telomere Disruption. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1629-1640. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Razan Charif
- Université
Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR-S-1007, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Christine Granotier-Beckers
- CEA/DRF/IRCM,
Laboratoire de RadioPathologie, INSERM U967, Université Paris
VII, Université Paris XI, 18
route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Hélène Charlotte Bertrand
- Institut
Curie,
Centre Universitaire Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR9187/INSERM U1196, Bâtiments 110-112, 91405 Orsay, France
- Département
de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University,
UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités,
UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire
des Biomolécules (LBM), 24 rue
Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Joël Poupon
- Laboratoire
de Toxicologie-Biologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, 2 rue Ambroise Paré, 75475 Paris, France
| | | | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- Institut
Curie,
Centre Universitaire Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR9187/INSERM U1196, Bâtiments 110-112, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - François D. Boussin
- CEA/DRF/IRCM,
Laboratoire de RadioPathologie, INSERM U967, Université Paris
VII, Université Paris XI, 18
route du Panorama, 92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Sophie Bombard
- Université
Paris Descartes, INSERM UMR-S-1007, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
- Institut
Curie,
Centre Universitaire Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR9187/INSERM U1196, Bâtiments 110-112, 91405 Orsay, France
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65
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Courtial L, Picco V, Pagès G, Ferrier-Pagès C. Validation of commercial ERK antibodies against the ERK orthologue of the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. F1000Res 2017; 6:577. [PMID: 28690832 PMCID: PMC5482343 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11365.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signalling pathway controls key cellular processes, such as cell cycle regulation, cell fate determination and the response to external stressors. Although ERK functions are well studied in a variety of living organisms ranging from yeast to mammals, its functions in corals are still poorly known. The present work aims to give practical tools to study the expression level of ERK protein and the activity of the ERK signalling pathway in corals. The antibody characterisation experiment was performed five times and identical results were obtained. The present study validated the immune-reactivity of commercially available antibodies directed against ERK and its phosphorylated/activated forms on protein extracts of the reef-building coral
Stylophora pistillata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Courtial
- Marine Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, MC-98000, Monaco.,Sorbonne Universités, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, 75252, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence, UMR ENTROPIE, Nouméa, 98848, New Caledonia
| | - Vincent Picco
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, MC-98000, Monaco
| | - Gilles Pagès
- Biomedical Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, MC-98000, Monaco.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice (IRCAN), University Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, 06189, France
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66
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Disruption of direct 3D telomere-TRF2 interaction through two molecularly disparate mechanisms is a hallmark of primary Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. J Transl Med 2017; 97:772-781. [PMID: 28436953 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), specific changes in the 3D telomere organization cause progression from mononuclear Hodgkin cells (H) to multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells (RS). In a post-germinal center B-cell in vitro model, permanent latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) expression, as observed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cHL, results in multinuclearity and complex chromosomal aberrations through downregulation of key element of the shelterin complex, the telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2). Thus, we hypothesized that the three-dimensional (3D) telomere-TRF2 interaction was progressively disturbed during transition from H to RS cells. To this end, we developed and applied for the first time a combined quantitative 3D TRF2-telomere immune fluorescent in situ hybridization (3D TRF2/Telo-Q-FISH) technique to monolayers of primary H and RS cells, and adjacent benign internal control lymphocytes of lymph node biopsy suspensions from diagnostic lymph node biopsies of 14 patients with cHL. We show that H and RS cells are characterized by two distinct patterns of disruption of 3D telomere-TRF2 interaction. Disruption pattern A is defined by massive attrition of telomere signals and a considerable increase of TRF2 signals not associated with telomeres. This pattern is restricted to EBV-negative cHL. Disruption pattern B is defined by telomere de-protection due to an impressive loss of TRF2 signals, physically linked to telomeres. This pattern is typical of, but is not restricted to, LMP1+EBV-associated cHL. In the disruption pattern B group, so-called 'ghost' end-stage RS cells, void of both TRF2 and telomere signals, were identified, whether or not associated with EBV. Our findings demonstrate that two molecularly disparate mechanisms converge on the level of 3D telomere-TRF2 interaction in the formation of RS cells.
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67
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The c-Jun N-terminal kinase prevents oxidative stress induced by UV and thermal stresses in corals and human cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45713. [PMID: 28374828 PMCID: PMC5379690 DOI: 10.1038/srep45713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are of major ecological and socio-economic interest. They are threatened by global warming and natural pressures such as solar ultraviolet radiation. While great efforts have been made to understand the physiological response of corals to these stresses, the signalling pathways involved in the immediate cellular response exhibited by corals remain largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation is involved in the early response of corals to thermal and UV stress. Furthermore, we found that JNK activity is required to repress stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in both the coral Stylophora pistillata and human skin cells. We also show that inhibiting JNK activation under stress conditions leads to ROS accumulation, subsequent coral bleaching and cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that an ancestral response, involving the JNK pathway, is remarkably conserved from corals to human, protecting cells from the adverse environmental effects.
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68
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Martínez P, Blasco MA. Telomere-driven diseases and telomere-targeting therapies. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:875-887. [PMID: 28254828 PMCID: PMC5379954 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201610111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Martínez and Blasco review the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases associated with telomere dysfunction, including telomeropathies, age-related disorders, and cancer. Current and future therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent these diseases, including preclinical development of telomere-targeted therapies using mouse models, are discussed. Telomeres, the protective ends of linear chromosomes, shorten throughout an individual’s lifetime. Telomere shortening is proposed to be a primary molecular cause of aging. Short telomeres block the proliferative capacity of stem cells, affecting their potential to regenerate tissues, and trigger the development of age-associated diseases. Mutations in telomere maintenance genes are associated with pathologies referred to as telomere syndromes, including Hoyeraal-Hreidarsson syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita, pulmonary fibrosis, aplastic anemia, and liver fibrosis. Telomere shortening induces chromosomal instability that, in the absence of functional tumor suppressor genes, can contribute to tumorigenesis. In addition, mutations in telomere length maintenance genes and in shelterin components, the protein complex that protects telomeres, have been found to be associated with different types of cancer. These observations have encouraged the development of therapeutic strategies to treat and prevent telomere-associated diseases, namely aging-related diseases, including cancer. Here we review the molecular mechanisms underlying telomere-driven diseases and highlight recent advances in the preclinical development of telomere-targeted therapies using mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain
| | - Maria A Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid E-28029, Spain
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69
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Villacis RAR, Basso TR, Canto LM, Pinheiro M, Santiago KM, Giacomazzi J, de Paula CAA, Carraro DM, Ashton-Prolla P, Achatz MI, Rogatto SR. Rare germline alterations in cancer-related genes associated with the risk of multiple primary tumor development. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 95:523-533. [PMID: 28093616 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple primary tumors (MPT) have been described in carriers of inherited cancer predisposition genes. However, the genetic etiology of a large proportion of MPT cases remains unclear. We reviewed 267 patients with hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes (HCPS) that underwent genetic counseling and selected 22 patients with MPT to perform genomic analysis (CytoScan HD Array, Affymetrix) aiming to identify new alterations related to a high risk of developing MPT. Twenty patients had a positive family history of cancer and 11 met phenotypic criteria for HCPS. Genetic testing for each of the genes associated with these syndromes revealed negative results for pathogenic mutations. Seventeen rare germline copy number variations (CNVs) covering 40 genes were identified in 11 patients, including an EPCAM/MSH2 deletion in one Lynch syndrome patient. An enrichment analysis revealed a significant number of genes (where the CNVs are mapped) associated with carcinogenesis and/or related to functions implicated with tumor development, such as proliferation and cell survival. An interaction network analysis highlighted the importance of TP53 pathway in cancer emergence. A high number of germline copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) was identified in nine cases, particularly in two patients. Eighteen genes were covered by both rare CNVs and cnLOH, including 14 related to tumorigenesis and seven genes (ABCC1, KDM4C, KIAA0430, MYH11, NDE1, PIWIL2, and ULK2) specifically associated with cellular growth and proliferation. Overall, we identified 14 cases with rare CNVs and/or cnLOH that may contribute to the risk of MPT development. KEY MESSAGE CNVs may explain the risk of hereditary cancer syndromes in MPT patients. CNVs affecting genes related to cancer are candidates to be involved in MPT risk. EPCAM/MSH2 deletions should be investigated in patients suspected to have LS. Gene enrichment related to the TP53 network is associated with MPT development. cnLOH and CNVs contribute to the risk of MPT development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando A R Villacis
- International Center for Research (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiane R Basso
- International Center for Research (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luisa M Canto
- International Center for Research (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maísa Pinheiro
- International Center for Research (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina M Santiago
- Department of Oncogenetics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Giacomazzi
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cláudia A A de Paula
- International Center for Research (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Dirce M Carraro
- International Center for Research (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ashton-Prolla
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria I Achatz
- Department of Oncogenetics, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute (NCI)/National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silvia R Rogatto
- International Center for Research (CIPE), A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Vejle Sygehus, Kabbeltoft 25, 7100, Vejle, Denmark. .,Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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70
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Grammatikakis I, Zhang P, Mattson MP, Gorospe M. The long and the short of TRF2 in neurogenesis. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:3026-3032. [PMID: 27565210 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1222339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression patterns change dramatically during neuronal development. Proliferating cells, including neural stem cells (NSCs), express telomere repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2), a nuclear protein that associates with telomeric proteins, DNA, and RNA telomeres. In NSCs TRF2 also binds to the transcription regulator REST to facilitate repression of numerous neuron-specific genes, thereby keeping the NSCs in a self-renewing state. Upon neuronal differentiation, TRF2 levels decline, REST-regulated neuronal genes are derepressed, and a short isoform of TRF2 arises (TRF2-S) which localizes in the cytoplasm, associates with different subsets of proteins and transcripts, and mobilizes axonal G-rich mRNAs. We recently identified two RNA-binding proteins, HNRNPH1 and H2 (referred to jointly as HNRNPH due to their high homology), which mediate the alternative splicing of an exon required for the expression of full-length TRF2. As HNRNPH levels decline during neurogenesis, TRF2 abundance decreases and TRF2-S accumulates. Here, we discuss the shared and unique functions of TRF2 and TRF2-S, the distinct subcellular compartment in which each isoform resides, the subsets of proteins and nucleic acids with which each interacts, and the functional consequences of these ribonucleoprotein interactions. This paradigm illustrates the dynamic mechanisms through which splicing regulation by factors like HNRNPH enable distinct protein functions as cells adapt to developmental programs such as neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Grammatikakis
- a Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Peisu Zhang
- b Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Mark P Mattson
- b Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- a Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health , Baltimore , MD , USA
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71
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Wahlberg P, Lundmark A, Nordlund J, Busche S, Raine A, Tandre K, Rönnblom L, Sinnett D, Forestier E, Pastinen T, Lönnerholm G, Syvänen AC. DNA methylome analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells reveals stochastic de novo DNA methylation in CpG islands. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1367-1387. [PMID: 27552300 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To identify regions of aberrant DNA methylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells of different subtypes on a genome-wide scale. MATERIALS & METHODS Whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was used to determine the DNA methylation levels in cells from four pediatric ALL patients of different subtypes. The findings were confirmed by 450k DNA methylation arrays in a large patient set. RESULTS Compared with mature B or T cells WGBS detected on average 82,000 differentially methylated regions per patient. Differentially methylated regions are enriched to CpG poor regions, active enhancers and transcriptional start sites. We also identified approximately 8000 CpG islands with variable intermediate DNA methylation that seems to occur as a result of stochastic de novo methylation. CONCLUSION WGBS provides an unbiased view and novel insights into the DNA methylome of ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Wahlberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Lundmark
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jessica Nordlund
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stephan Busche
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University & Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Amanda Raine
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karolina Tandre
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Rönnblom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Rheumatology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erik Forestier
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomi Pastinen
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University & Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gudmar Lönnerholm
- Department of Women's & Children's Health, Pediatric Oncology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christine Syvänen
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine & Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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72
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Long E, Ilie M, Bence C, Butori C, Selva E, Lalvée S, Bonnetaud C, Poissonnet G, Lacour J, Bahadoran P, Brest P, Gilson E, Ballotti R, Hofman V, Hofman P. High expression of TRF2, SOX10, and CD10 in circulating tumor microemboli detected in metastatic melanoma patients. A potential impact for the assessment of disease aggressiveness. Cancer Med 2016; 5:1022-30. [PMID: 26945789 PMCID: PMC4924359 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumors cells (CTCs) can be detected in the blood of metastatic melanoma patients (MMPs) both as isolated circulating tumor cells (iCTCs) and circulating tumor microemboli (CTMs), but their clinical significance remains unknown. The aim of this work was to evaluate the prognostic impact in metastatic cutaneous melanoma of CTMs and iCTCs identified by a cytomorphological approach using the isolation by size of tumor cell (ISET) method. We characterized the phenotype of CTCs using anti-PS100, anti-SOX10, anti-CD10, and anti-TRF2 antibodies. 128 MMPs and 37 control healthy individuals with benign nevi were included in this study. Results were compared to the follow-up of patients. 109/128 (85%) MMPs showed CTCs, 44/128 (34%) with 2 to 6 CTMs and 65/128 (51%) with 4 to 9 iCTCs. PS100 expression was homogeneous in iCTCs and heterogeneous in CTMs. SOX10, CD10, and TRF2 were mainly expressed in CTMs. None of the control subjects demonstrated circulating malignant tumor cells. Overall survival was significantly decreased in patients with CTMs, independently of the therapeutic strategies. In conclusion, the presence of CTMs is an independent predictor of shorter survival from the time of diagnosis of MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Long
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice (IRCAN) INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284University of Nice Sophia AntipolisAntoine Lacassagne Cancer CenterNiceFrance
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental PathologyPasteur HospitalNiceFrance
| | - Marius Ilie
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice (IRCAN) INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284University of Nice Sophia AntipolisAntoine Lacassagne Cancer CenterNiceFrance
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental PathologyPasteur HospitalNiceFrance
- Human BiobankPasteur HospitalBB‐0033‐00025NiceFrance
| | - Coraline Bence
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental PathologyPasteur HospitalNiceFrance
| | - Catherine Butori
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental PathologyPasteur HospitalNiceFrance
| | - Eric Selva
- Human BiobankPasteur HospitalBB‐0033‐00025NiceFrance
| | - Salomé Lalvée
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental PathologyPasteur HospitalNiceFrance
| | | | - Gilles Poissonnet
- Department of SurgeryComprehensive Cancer CenterAntoine LacassagneNiceFrance
| | | | - Philippe Bahadoran
- Department of DermatologyArchet II HospitalNiceFrance
- INSERM U1065 Team 1University of Nice Sophia AntipolisEquipe Labellisée Ligue 2013NiceFrance
| | - Patrick Brest
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice (IRCAN) INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284University of Nice Sophia AntipolisAntoine Lacassagne Cancer CenterNiceFrance
| | - Eric Gilson
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice (IRCAN) INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284University of Nice Sophia AntipolisAntoine Lacassagne Cancer CenterNiceFrance
- Unit of GeneticsArchet HospitalNiceFrance
| | - Robert Ballotti
- INSERM U1065 Team 1University of Nice Sophia AntipolisEquipe Labellisée Ligue 2013NiceFrance
| | - Véronique Hofman
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice (IRCAN) INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284University of Nice Sophia AntipolisAntoine Lacassagne Cancer CenterNiceFrance
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental PathologyPasteur HospitalNiceFrance
- Human BiobankPasteur HospitalBB‐0033‐00025NiceFrance
| | - Paul Hofman
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging in Nice (IRCAN) INSERM U1081/CNRS UMR7284University of Nice Sophia AntipolisAntoine Lacassagne Cancer CenterNiceFrance
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental PathologyPasteur HospitalNiceFrance
- Human BiobankPasteur HospitalBB‐0033‐00025NiceFrance
- Cancer Research Association (ARC) Labelled TeamVillejuifFrance
- “OncoAge” Hospital‐University FederationCHU NiceFrance
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73
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Benhamou Y, Picco V, Pagès G. The telomere proteins in tumorigenesis and clinical outcomes of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2016; 57:46-53. [PMID: 27208844 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The "Hallmarks of Cancer" describe the ways by which cancer cells bypass homeostasis. Escape from replicative senescence is one of the earliest features of cancer cells. Maintenance of the telomeres through reactivation of telomerase was initially associated with replicative immortality in various cancers. The shelterin complex, a telomeric hexaprotein association, plays a key role in telomere maintenance and in the hallmarks of cancer. Some shelterin proteins are overexpressed in diverse cancers and can promote tumorigenesis in animal models. Shelterin can also have an impact on tumor size, tumor growth and resistance to treatment. Studies into the expression level of shelterin in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) report contradictory results. Moreover, the exact role of these proteins in OSCC tumorigenesis remains uncertain. In this review, we examined the data linking telomeres and hallmarks of OSCC. Furthermore, we examined the literature concerning telomeres and the clinical outcome of OSCC. Finally, we propose a model encompassing the role of shelterin proteins in oral tumorigenesis and treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Benhamou
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U 1081, France; University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice University Hospital, Odontology Department, Nice, France
| | - V Picco
- Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Biomedical Department, 8 Quai Antoine Ier, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco
| | - G Pagès
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging of Nice CNRS UMR 7284/INSERM U 1081, France
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Gaullier G, Miron S, Pisano S, Buisson R, Le Bihan YV, Tellier-Lebègue C, Messaoud W, Roblin P, Guimarães BG, Thai R, Giraud-Panis MJ, Gilson E, Le Du MH. A higher-order entity formed by the flexible assembly of RAP1 with TRF2. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:1962-76. [PMID: 26748096 PMCID: PMC4770236 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere integrity is essential to maintain genome stability, and telomeric dysfunctions are associated with cancer and aging pathologies. In human, the shelterin complex binds TTAGGG DNA repeats and provides capping to chromosome ends. Within shelterin, RAP1 is recruited through its interaction with TRF2, and TRF2 is required for telomere protection through a network of nucleic acid and protein interactions. RAP1 is one of the most conserved shelterin proteins although one unresolved question is how its interaction may influence TRF2 properties and regulate its capacity to bind multiple proteins. Through a combination of biochemical, biophysical and structural approaches, we unveiled a unique mode of assembly between RAP1 and TRF2. The complete interaction scheme between the full-length proteins involves a complex biphasic interaction of RAP1 that directly affects the binding properties of the assembly. These results reveal how a non-DNA binding protein can influence the properties of a DNA-binding partner by mutual conformational adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Gaullier
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, UMR 9198 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 144, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France
| | - Simona Miron
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, UMR 9198 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 144, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France
| | - Sabrina Pisano
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN); CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081; Faculty of Medicine; Nice, 06107, France
| | - Rémi Buisson
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN); CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081; Faculty of Medicine; Nice, 06107, France
| | - Yann-Vaï Le Bihan
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, UMR 9198 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 144, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France
| | - Carine Tellier-Lebègue
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, UMR 9198 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 144, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France
| | - Wala Messaoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, UMR 9198 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 144, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 GIF-SUR-YVETTE Cedex, France Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, 44316 Nantes, France
| | - Beatriz G Guimarães
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin BP 48, 91192 GIF-SUR-YVETTE Cedex, France
| | - Robert Thai
- CEA, iBiTecS, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Giraud-Panis
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN); CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081; Faculty of Medicine; Nice, 06107, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN); CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081; Faculty of Medicine; Nice, 06107, France Department of Genetics, CHU; Nice, 06107, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Le Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Structural Biology, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, UMR 9198 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Batiment 144, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, F-91191, France
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75
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Zhang J, Rane G, Dai X, Shanmugam MK, Arfuso F, Samy RP, Lai MKP, Kappei D, Kumar AP, Sethi G. Ageing and the telomere connection: An intimate relationship with inflammation. Ageing Res Rev 2016; 25:55-69. [PMID: 26616852 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are the heterochromatic repeat regions at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, whose length is considered to be a determinant of biological ageing. Normal ageing itself is associated with telomere shortening. Here, critically short telomeres trigger senescence and eventually cell death. This shortening rate may be further increased by inflammation and oxidative stress and thus affect the ageing process. Apart from shortened or dysfunctional telomeres, cells undergoing senescence are also associated with hyperactivity of the transcription factor NF-κB and overexpression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-γ in circulating macrophages. Interestingly, telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that elongates telomeres, is involved in modulating NF-κB activity. Furthermore, inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated as pre-disease mechanisms for chronic diseases of ageing such as neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. To date, inflammation and telomere shortening have mostly been studied individually in terms of ageing and the associated disease phenotype. However, the interdependent nature of the two demands a more synergistic approach in understanding the ageing process itself and for developing new therapeutic approaches. In this review, we aim to summarize the intricate association between the various inflammatory molecules and telomeres that together contribute to the ageing process and related diseases.
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76
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Wang Z, Deng Z, Dahmane N, Tsai K, Wang P, Williams DR, Kossenkov AV, Showe LC, Zhang R, Huang Q, Conejo-Garcia JR, Lieberman PM. Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) constitutes a nucleoprotein component of extracellular inflammatory exosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6293-300. [PMID: 26578789 PMCID: PMC4655533 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505962112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) has been identified as a telomere-associated regulator of chromosome end protection. Here, we report that TERRA can also be found in extracellular fractions that stimulate innate immune signaling. We identified extracellular forms of TERRA in mouse tumor and embryonic brain tissue, as well as in human tissue culture cell lines using RNA in situ hybridization. RNA-seq analyses revealed TERRA to be among the most highly represented transcripts in extracellular fractions derived from both normal and cancer patient blood plasma. Cell-free TERRA (cfTERRA) could be isolated from the exosome fractions derived from human lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) culture media. cfTERRA is a shorter form (∼200 nt) of cellular TERRA and copurifies with CD63- and CD83-positive exosome vesicles that could be visualized by cyro-electron microscopy. These fractions were also enriched for histone proteins that physically associate with TERRA in extracellular ChIP assays. Incubation of cfTERRA-containing exosomes with peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated transcription of several inflammatory cytokine genes, including TNFα, IL6, and C-X-C chemokine 10 (CXCL10) Exosomes engineered with elevated TERRA or liposomes with synthetic TERRA further stimulated inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that exosome-associated TERRA augments innate immune signaling. These findings imply a previously unidentified extrinsic function for TERRA and a mechanism of communication between telomeres and innate immune signals in tissue and tumor microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Wang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104; Cancer Biology Program, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zhong Deng
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nadia Dahmane
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kevin Tsai
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Pu Wang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Dewight R Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Louise C Showe
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rugang Zhang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Qihong Huang
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - José R Conejo-Garcia
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Paul M Lieberman
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
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77
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Zhang L, Huang X, Zhu X, Ge S, Gilson E, Jia R, Ye J, Fan X. Differential senescence capacities in meibomian gland carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1442-52. [PMID: 26437300 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Meibomian gland carcinoma (MGC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are common eyelid carcinomas that exhibit highly dissimilar degrees of proliferation and prognoses. We address here the question of the differential mechanisms between these two eyelid cancers that explain their different outcome. A total of 102 confirmed MGC and 175 diagnosed BCC cases were analyzed. Twenty confirmed MGC and twenty diagnosed BCC cases were collected to determine the telomere length, the presence of senescent cells, and the expression levels of the telomere capping shelterin complex, P53, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah1. Decreased protein levels of the shelterin subunits, shortened telomere length, over-expressed Ki-67, and Bcl2 as well as mutations in P53 were detected both in MGC and BCC. It suggests that the decreased protein levels of the shelterin complex and the shortened telomere length contribute to the tumorigenesis of MGC and BCC. However, several parameters distinguish MGC from BCC samples: (i) the mRNA level of the shelterin subunits decreased in MGC but it increased in BCC; (ii) P53 was more highly mutated in MGC; (iii) Siah1 mRNA was over-expressed in BCC; (iv) BCC samples contain a higher level of senescent cells; (v) Ki-67 and Bcl2 expression were lower in BCC. These results support a model where a preserved P53 checkpoint in BCC leads to cellular senescence and reduced tumor proliferation as compared to MGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Department of Emergency, International laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), 'Pôle sino-français de recherche en sciences du vivant et génomique', Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Eric Gilson
- Department of Emergency, International laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), 'Pôle sino-français de recherche en sciences du vivant et génomique', Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice University, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France.,Medical Genetic Unit, CHU Nice, France
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Emergency, International laboratory in Hematology and Cancer (LIA), 'Pôle sino-français de recherche en sciences du vivant et génomique', Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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78
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Heparan sulfation is essential for the prevention of cellular senescence. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:417-29. [PMID: 26250908 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is considered as an important tumor-suppressive mechanism. Here, we demonstrated that heparan sulfate (HS) prevents cellular senescence by fine-tuning of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling pathway. We found that depletion of 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 2 (PAPSS2), a synthetic enzyme of the sulfur donor PAPS, led to premature cell senescence in various cancer cells and in a xenograft tumor mouse model. Sodium chlorate, a metabolic inhibitor of HS sulfation also induced a cellular senescence phenotype. p53 and p21 accumulation was essential for PAPSS2-mediated cellular senescence. Such senescence phenotypes were closely correlated with cell surface HS levels in both cancer cells and human diploid fibroblasts. The determination of the activation of receptors such as FGFR1, Met, and insulin growth factor 1 receptor β indicated that the augmented FGFR1/AKT signaling was specifically involved in premature senescence in a HS-dependent manner. Thus, blockade of either FGFR1 or AKT prohibited p53 and p21 accumulation and cell fate switched from cellular senescence to apoptosis. In particular, desulfation at the 2-O position in the HS chain contributed to the premature senescence via the augmented FGFR1 signaling. Taken together, we reveal, for the first time, that the proper status of HS is essential for the prevention of cellular senescence. These observations allowed us to hypothesize that the FGF/FGFR signaling system could initiate novel tumor defenses through regulating premature senescence.
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79
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Varela-Calviño R, Cordero OJ. Stem and immune cells in colorectal primary tumour: Number and function of subsets may diagnose metastasis. World J Immunol 2015; 5:68-77. [DOI: 10.5411/wji.v5.i2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An important percentage of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will develop metastasis, mainly in the liver, even after a successful curative resection. This leads to a very high mortality rate if metastasis is not detected early on. Disseminated cancer cells develop from metastatic stem cells (MetSCs). Recent knowledge has accumulated about these cells particularly in CRC, so they may now be tracked from the removed primary tumour. This approach could be especially important in prognosis of metastasis because it is becoming clear that metastasis does not particularly rely on testable driver mutations. Among the many traits supporting an epigenetic amplification of cell survival and self-renewal mechanisms of MetSCs, the role of many immune cell populations present in tumour tissues is becoming clear. The amount of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (T, B and natural killer cells), dendritic cells and some regulatory populations have already shown prognostic value or to be correlated with disease-free survival time, mainly in immunohistochemistry studies of unique cell populations. Parallel analyses of these immune cell populations together with MetSCs in the primary tumour of patients, with later follow-up data of the patients, will define the usefulness of specific combinations of both immune and MetSCs cell populations. It is expected that these combinations, together to different biomarkers in the form of an immune score, may predict future tumour recurrences, metastases and/or mortality in CRC. It will also support the future design of improved immunotherapeutic approaches against metastasis.
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80
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Burton DGA, Faragher RGA. Cellular senescence: from growth arrest to immunogenic conversion. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 37:27. [PMID: 25787341 PMCID: PMC4365077 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-015-9764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence was first reported in human fibroblasts as a state of stable in vitro growth arrest following extended culture. Since that initial observation, a variety of other phenotypic characteristics have been shown to co-associate with irreversible cell cycle exit in senescent fibroblasts. These include (1) a pro-inflammatory secretory response, (2) the up-regulation of immune ligands, (3) altered responses to apoptotic stimuli and (4) promiscuous gene expression (stochastic activation of genes possibly as a result of chromatin remodeling). Many features associated with senescent fibroblasts appear to promote conversion to an immunogenic phenotype that facilitates self-elimination by the immune system. Pro-inflammatory cytokines can attract and activate immune cells, the presentation of membrane bound immune ligands allows for specific recognition and promiscuous gene expression may function to generate an array of tissue restricted proteins that could subsequently be processed into peptides for presentation via MHC molecules. However, the phenotypes of senescent cells from different tissues and species are often assumed to be broadly similar to those seen in senescent human fibroblasts, but the data show a more complex picture in which the growth arrest mechanism, tissue of origin and species can all radically modulate this basic pattern. Furthermore, well-established triggers of cell senescence are often associated with a DNA damage response (DDR), but this may not be a universal feature of senescent cells. As such, we discuss the role of DNA damage in regulating an immunogenic response in senescent cells, in addition to discussing less established "atypical" senescent states that may occur independent of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. G. A. Burton
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - R. G. A. Faragher
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Science, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Brighton, UK
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81
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Luo Z, Dai Z, Xie X, Feng X, Liu D, Songyang Z, Xiong Y. TeloPIN: a database of telomeric proteins interaction network in mammalian cells. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2015; 2015:bav018. [PMID: 25792605 PMCID: PMC4365144 DOI: 10.1093/database/bav018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Interaction network surrounding telomeres has been intensively studied during the past two decades. However, no specific resource by integrating telomere interaction information data is currently available. To facilitate the understanding of the molecular interaction network by which telomeres are associated with biological process and diseases, we have developed TeloPIN (Telomeric Proteins Interaction Network) database (http://songyanglab.sysu.edu.cn/telopin/), a novel database that points to provide comprehensive information on protein–protein, protein–DNA and protein–RNA interaction of telomeres. TeloPIN database contains four types of interaction data, including (i) protein–protein interaction (PPI) data, (ii) telomeric proteins ChIP-seq data, (iii) telomere-associated proteins data and (iv) telomeric repeat-containing RNAs (TERRA)-interacting proteins data. By analyzing these four types of interaction data, we found that 358 and 199 proteins have more than one type of interaction information in human and mouse cells, respectively. We also developed table browser and TeloChIP genome browser to help researchers with better integrated visualization of interaction data from different studies. The current release of TeloPIN database includes 1111 PPI, eight telomeric protein ChIP-seq data sets, 1391 telomere-associated proteins and 183 TERRA-interacting proteins from 92 independent studies in mammalian cells. The interaction information provided by TeloPIN database will greatly expand our knowledge of telomeric proteins interaction network. Database URL: TeloPIN database address is http://songyanglab.sysu.edu.cn/telopin. TeloPIN database is freely available to non-commercial use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Luo
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Dai
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX
| | - Yuanyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; SYSU-CMU Shunde International Joint Research Institute (JRI) Shunde, Guangdong, China; Cell-Based Assay Screening Core, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA, and Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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82
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Pal D, Sharma U, Singh SK, Kakkar N, Prasad R. Over-expression of telomere binding factors (TRF1 & TRF2) in renal cell carcinoma and their inhibition by using SiRNA induce apoptosis, reduce cell proliferation and migration invitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0115651. [PMID: 25730259 PMCID: PMC4346586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere binding factors viz. TRF1 and TRF2 are a part of sheltrin complex that are present exclusively at the ends of chromosomes. These factors play an important role in maintaining chromosomal integrity at the ends. However, their status and role are not clear in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate TRF1 and TRF2 expressions in RCC tissues. Further, the role of these factors involved in tumorigenesis was elucidated by gene silencing using siRNA in RCC cell line (A498). The present study documented a significant over-expression of TRF1 (P = 0.005) and TRF2 (P = 0.0048) mRNAs by real time PCR in RCC tissues as compared with adjacent normal kidney tissues. Immunohistochemistry studies also revealed higher expression of TRF1 and TRF2 proteins in RCC. Moreover, TRF1 or TRF2 gene silencing using siRNA showed marked reduction in proliferation of RCC cells (P = 0.000). Further, significantly induced cell cycle arrest (P = 0.000) and apoptosis of RCC cells (P = 0.000) was documented upon TRF1 or TRF2 gene silencing. Henceforth, the results deduce that TRF1 or TRF2 inhibitions play an important role in the induction of apoptosis in A498 cells, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | | | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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Salvati E, Rizzo A, Iachettini S, Zizza P, Cingolani C, D'Angelo C, Porru M, Mondello C, Aiello A, Farsetti A, Gilson E, Leonetti C, Biroccio A. A basal level of DNA damage and telomere deprotection increases the sensitivity of cancer cells to G-quadruplex interactive compounds. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:1759-69. [PMID: 25618850 PMCID: PMC4330372 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, with the aim of obtaining insight into the intriguing selectivity of G-quadruplex (G4) ligands toward cancer compared to normal cells, a genetically controlled system of progressive transformation in human BJ fibroblasts was analyzed. Among the different comparative evaluations, we found a progressive increase of DNA damage response (DDR) markers throughout the genome from normal toward immortalized and transformed cells. More interestingly, sensitivity to G4 ligands strongly correlated with the presence of a basal level of DNA damage, including at the telomeres, where the chromosome ends were exposed to the DDR without concurrent induction of DNA repair activity, as revealed by the lack of 53BP1 recruitment and telomere aberrations. The link between telomere uncapping and the response to G4 stabilization was directly assessed by showing that a partial TRF2 depletion, causing a basal level of telomere localized DDR, rendered telomerized fibroblasts prone to G4-induced telomere damage and anti-proliferative defects. Taken together these data strongly indicate that the presence of a basal level of telomere-associated DDR is a determinant of susceptibility to G4 stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Salvati
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Rizzo
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Iachettini
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Zizza
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Cingolani
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen D'Angelo
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Porru
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare, National Research Council (CNR), Pavia, Italy
| | - Aurora Aiello
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR Rome, Italy Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Farsetti
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR Rome, Italy Department of Experimental Oncology, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric Gilson
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, University of Nice, Nice, France Department of Medical Genetics, Archet 2 Hospital, CHU of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Carlo Leonetti
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Biroccio
- Experimental Chemotherapy Laboratory, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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84
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Maï ME, Wagner KD, Michiels JF, Gilson E, Wagner N. TRF2 acts as a transcriptional regulator in tumor angiogenesis. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e988508. [PMID: 27308469 PMCID: PMC4905305 DOI: 10.4161/23723556.2014.988508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We recently showed that telomeric repeat-binding factor 2 (TRF2) regulates gene expression to promote angiogenesis. We found that TRF2 is highly expressed in tumor vessels and transcriptionally activates platelet-derived growth factor receptor β to promote endothelial cell angiogenic properties independently of its function in telomere protection. This work identifies TRF2 as a promising dual target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir El Maï
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging; Nice (IRCAN); University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis ; CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081 ; Faculty of Medicine ; Nice, France
| | - Kay-Dietrich Wagner
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging; Nice (IRCAN); University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis ; CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081 ; Faculty of Medicine ; Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging; Nice (IRCAN); University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis; CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081; Faculty of Medicine; Nice, France; Department of Pathology; Nice, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging; Nice (IRCAN); University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis; CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081; Faculty of Medicine; Nice, France; Department of Medical Genetics; CHU; Nice, France
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging; Nice (IRCAN); University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis ; CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081 ; Faculty of Medicine ; Nice, France
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85
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Chen L, Zhu X, Zou Y, Xing J, Gilson E, Lu Y, Ye J. The topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor ICRF-193 preferentially targets telomeres that are capped by TRF2. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 308:C372-7. [PMID: 25518961 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00321.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increased level of chromosome instability in cancer cells is not only a driving force for oncogenesis but also can be the Achille's heel of the disease since many chemotherapies kill cells by inducing a nontolerable rate of DNA damage. A wealth of published evidence showed that telomere stability can be more affected than the bulk of the genome by several conventional antineoplastic drugs. In the present study, HT1080 cell lines compromised for either telomere repeats binding factor 2 (TRF2) or POT1 were treated with ICRF-193 (3 μM, 24 h) or bleomycin (1 μM, 24 h). DNA damage was assayed by combining telomeric DNA staining of a (CCCTAA)n PNA probe with immunofluorescence of 53BP1 to score the rate of telomere colocalization with 53BP1 foci. We found that ICRF-193, but not bleomycin, leads to DNA damage preferentially at telomeres, which can be rescued by TRF2 inhibition. POT1 inhibition exacerbates telomere dysfunction induced by ICRF-193. Thus, ICRF-193 induces damage at telomeres properly capped by TRF2 but not by POT1. These findings are expected to broaden our view on the mechanism by which conventional therapeutic molecules act to eliminate cancer cells and how to use TRF2 and POT1 levels as surrogate markers for anti-topoisomerase II sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianxiang Chen
- Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Emergency Department, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Xiaowei Zhu
- Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Emergency Department, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Yaru Zou
- Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Emergency Department, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Jun Xing
- Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Emergency Department, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Eric Gilson
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice University, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, Nice, France; Department of Medical Genetics, Archet 2 Hospital, CHU of Nice, France; Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Emergency Department, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China; and
| | - Jing Ye
- Pôle Sino-Français de Recherches en Sciences du Vivant et Génomique, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine; Emergency Department, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital North, Shanghai, China; and
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86
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The Wilms' tumour suppressor Wt1 is a major regulator of tumour angiogenesis and progression. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5852. [PMID: 25510679 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, activation of metastasis and avoidance of immune destruction are important for cancer progression. These biological capabilities are, apart from cancer cells, mediated by different cell types, including endothelial, haematopoietic progenitor and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. We show here that all these cell types frequently express the Wilms' tumour suppressor Wt1, which transcriptionally controls expression of Pecam-1 (CD31) and c-kit (CD117). Inducible conditional knockout of Wt1 in endothelial, haematopoietic and myeloid-derived suppressor cells is sufficient to cause regression of tumour vascularization and an enhanced immune response, leading to decreased metastasis, regression of established tumours and enhanced survival. Thus, Wt1 is an important regulator of cancer growth via modulation of tumour vascularization, immune response and metastasis formation.
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87
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Hagerling C, Casbon AJ, Werb Z. Balancing the innate immune system in tumor development. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 25:214-20. [PMID: 25444276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the innate immune system have a dual role in cancer development in both tumor initiation and progression. Innate immune cells can, on the one hand, aid malignant transformation and tumor outgrowth and, on the other hand, prevent tumor progression. The innate immune system has the ability to tune the inflammatory response and is a key player in cancer-related inflammation, which can precede the development of malignancy or be induced by oncogenic changes promoting a protumor inflammatory milieu. In this review, we discuss the emerging cellular and molecular mechanisms of the innate immune system and inflammation in tumor initiation and progression, and point to the outstanding questions that remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina Hagerling
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Anatomy, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW1320, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Amy-Jo Casbon
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Anatomy, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW1320, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zena Werb
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Anatomy, 513 Parnassus Avenue HSW1320, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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88
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El Maï M, Wagner KD, Michiels JF, Ambrosetti D, Borderie A, Destree S, Renault V, Djerbi N, Giraud-Panis MJ, Gilson E, Wagner N. The Telomeric Protein TRF2 Regulates Angiogenesis by Binding and Activating the PDGFRβ Promoter. Cell Rep 2014; 9:1047-60. [PMID: 25437559 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2), which plays a central role in telomere capping, is frequently increased in human tumors. We reveal here that TRF2 is expressed in the vasculature of most human cancer types, where it colocalizes with the Wilms' tumor suppressor WT1. We further show that TRF2 is a transcriptional target of WT1 and is required for proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells. These angiogenic effects of TRF2 are uncoupled from its function in telomere capping. Instead, TRF2 binds and transactivates the promoter of the angiogenic tyrosine kinase platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ). These findings reveal an unexpected role of TRF2 in neoangiogenesis and delineate a distinct function of TRF2 as a transcriptional regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir El Maï
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Kay-Dietrich Wagner
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Jean-François Michiels
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, 06107 Nice, France; Department of Pathology, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Damien Ambrosetti
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, 06107 Nice, France; Department of Pathology, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Arnaud Borderie
- Department of Pathology, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Sandrine Destree
- Department of Pathology, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Valerie Renault
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Nadir Djerbi
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Marie-Josèphe Giraud-Panis
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, 06107 Nice, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, 06107 Nice, France; Department of Medical Genetics, Le Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, 06107 Nice, France.
| | - Nicole Wagner
- Institut for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR7284/INSERM U1081, Faculty of Medicine, 06107 Nice, France.
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de Castro A, Minty F, Hattinger E, Wolf R, Parkinson EK. The secreted protein S100A7 (psoriasin) is induced by telomere dysfunction in human keratinocytes independently of a DNA damage response and cell cycle regulators. LONGEVITY & HEALTHSPAN 2014; 3:8. [PMID: 25621169 PMCID: PMC4304136 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2395-3-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Replicative senescence is preceded by loss of repeat sequences of DNA from the telomeres that eventually leads to telomere dysfunction, the accumulation of irreparable DNA double strand breaks and a DNA damage response (DDR). However, we have previously reported that whilst telomere dysfunction in human keratinocytes is associated with a permanent cell cycle arrest, the DDR was very weak and transcriptional profiling also revealed several molecules normally associated with keratinocytes terminal differentiation, including S100A7 (psoriasin). Results We show here that S100A7 and the closely related S100A15 (koebnerisin) are not induced by repairable or irreparable DSBs, ruling out the hypotheses that these genes are induced either by the low DDR observed or by non-specific cell cycle arrest. We next tested whether S100A7 was induced by the cell cycle effectors ARF (p14ARF), CDKN2A (p16INK4A) and TP53 (p53) and found that, although all induced a similar level of acute and permanent cell cycle arrest to telomere dysfunction, none induced S100A7 (except p53 over-expression at high levels), showing that cell cycle arrest is not sufficient for its induction. The closely related transcript S100A15 was also upregulated by telomere dysfunction, to a similar extent by p16INK4A and p53 and to a lesser extent by p14ARF. Conclusions Our results show that mere cell cycle arrest, the upregulation of senescence-associated cell cycle effectors and DNA damage are not sufficient for the induction of the S100 transcripts; they further suggest that whilst the induction of S100A15 expression is linked to both telomere-dependent and -independent senescence, S100A7 expression is specifically associated with telomere-dependent senescence in normal keratinocytes. As both S100A7 and S100A15 are secreted proteins, they may find utility in the early detection of human keratinocyte telomere dysfunction and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice de Castro
- Centre for Clinical & Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Fay Minty
- Centre for Clinical & Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Eva Hattinger
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Ronald Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Frauenlobstrasse 9-11, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Eric Kenneth Parkinson
- Centre for Clinical & Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK ; Blizard Building, 4, Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
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90
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Falandry C, Bonnefoy M, Freyer G, Gilson E. Biology of Cancer and Aging: A Complex Association With Cellular Senescence. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:2604-10. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.55.1432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 50 years, major improvements have been made in our understanding of the driving forces, both parallel and opposing, that lead to aging and cancer. Many theories on aging first proposed in the 1950s, including those associated with telomere biology, senescence, and adult stem-cell regulation, have since gained support from cumulative experimental evidence. These views suggest that the accumulation of mutations might be a common driver of both aging and cancer. Moreover, some tumor suppressor pathways lead to aging in line with the theory of antagonist pleiotropy. According to the evolutionary-selected disposable soma theory, aging should affect primarily somatic cells. At the cellular level, both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways regulate aging and senescence. However, increasing lines of evidence support the hypothesis that these driving forces might be regulated by evolutionary-conserved pathways that modulate energy balance. According to the hyperfunction theory, aging is a quasi-program favoring both age-related diseases and cancer that could be inhibited by the regulation of longevity pathways. This review summarizes these hypotheses, as well as the experimental data that have accumulated over the last 60 years linking aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Falandry
- Claire Falandry, Marc Bonnefoy, and Gilles Freyer, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon University, Lyon; and Eric Gilson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nice and Nice University Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Marc Bonnefoy
- Claire Falandry, Marc Bonnefoy, and Gilles Freyer, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon University, Lyon; and Eric Gilson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nice and Nice University Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Gilles Freyer
- Claire Falandry, Marc Bonnefoy, and Gilles Freyer, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon University, Lyon; and Eric Gilson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nice and Nice University Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Eric Gilson
- Claire Falandry, Marc Bonnefoy, and Gilles Freyer, Hospices Civils de Lyon and Lyon University, Lyon; and Eric Gilson, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire of Nice and Nice University Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
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91
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Abstract
Telomeres protect chromosome ends from degradation and inappropriate DNA damage response activation through their association with specific factors. Interestingly, these telomeric factors are able to localize outside telomeric regions, where they can regulate the transcription of genes involved in metabolism, immunity and differentiation. These findings delineate a signalling pathway by which telomeric changes control the ability of their associated factors to regulate transcription. This mechanism is expected to enable a greater diversity of cellular responses that are adapted to specific cell types and telomeric changes, and may therefore represent a pivotal aspect of development, ageing and telomere-mediated diseases.
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92
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Heparan sulfate signaling in cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2014; 39:277-88. [PMID: 24755488 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a biopolymer consisting of variably sulfated repeating disaccharide units. The anticoagulant heparin is a highly sulfated intracellular variant of HS. HS has demonstrated roles in embryonic development, homeostasis, and human disease via non-covalent interactions with numerous cellular proteins, including growth factors and their receptors. HS can function as a co-receptor by enhancing receptor-complex formation. In other contexts, HS disrupts signaling complexes or serves as a ligand sink. The effects of HS on growth factor signaling are tightly regulated by the actions of sulfyltransferases, sulfatases, and heparanases. HS has important emerging roles in oncogenesis, and heparin derivatives represent potential therapeutic strategies for human cancers. Here we review recent insights into HS signaling in tumor proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and differentiation. A cancer-specific understanding of HS signaling could uncover potential therapeutic targets in this highly actionable signaling network.
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93
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Mittal D, Gubin MM, Schreiber RD, Smyth MJ. New insights into cancer immunoediting and its three component phases--elimination, equilibrium and escape. Curr Opin Immunol 2014; 27:16-25. [PMID: 24531241 PMCID: PMC4388310 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1006] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The principles of cancer immunoediting have set the foundations for understanding the dual host-protective and tumour sculpting actions of immunity on cancer and establishing the basis for novel individualized cancer immunotherapies. During cancer immunoediting, the host immune system shapes tumour fate in three phases through the activation of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. In the first phase, Elimination, transformed cells are destroyed by a competent immune system. Sporadic tumour cells that manage to survive immune destruction may then enter an Equilibrium phase where editing occurs. The Escape phase represents the third and final phase of the process, where immunologically sculpted tumours begin to grow progressively, become clinically apparent and establish an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. This review focuses on important recent developments that have enhanced our understanding of each phase of the cancer immunoediting process, summarizes the discovery of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers and discusses development of novel and objectively effective cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Mittal
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew M Gubin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Robert D Schreiber
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, 4006 Queensland, Australia.
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94
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New insights into cancer immunoediting and its three component phases--elimination, equilibrium and escape. Curr Opin Immunol 2014. [PMID: 24531241 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.004.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The principles of cancer immunoediting have set the foundations for understanding the dual host-protective and tumour sculpting actions of immunity on cancer and establishing the basis for novel individualized cancer immunotherapies. During cancer immunoediting, the host immune system shapes tumour fate in three phases through the activation of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. In the first phase, Elimination, transformed cells are destroyed by a competent immune system. Sporadic tumour cells that manage to survive immune destruction may then enter an Equilibrium phase where editing occurs. The Escape phase represents the third and final phase of the process, where immunologically sculpted tumours begin to grow progressively, become clinically apparent and establish an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. This review focuses on important recent developments that have enhanced our understanding of each phase of the cancer immunoediting process, summarizes the discovery of new predictive and prognostic biomarkers and discusses development of novel and objectively effective cancer immunotherapies.
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95
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Abstract
The increased level of chromosome instability in cancer cells, leading to aneuploidy and gross chromosomal rearrangements, is not only a driving force for oncogenesis but also can be the Achille's heel of the disease since many chemotherapies (CT) kill cells by inducing a non-tolerable rate of DNA damage. A wealth of published evidence showed that telomere stability can be more affected than the bulk of the genome by several conventional antineoplasic drugs. These results raise the interesting possibility that CT with genotoxic drugs preferentially target telomeres. In agreement with this view, accelerated shortening of telomere length has been described in blood lineage cells following high-dose CT (stem cell transplantation) or non-myeloablative CT. However, almost nothing is known on the consequences of this shortening in terms of telomere stability, senescence and on the development of second cancers or post-treatment aging-like syndromes in cancer survivors (cognitive defect, fertility impairment, etc.). In this article, we propose: (1) telomeres of cancer cells are preferential genomic targets of chemotherapies altering chromosome maintenance; (2) telomere functional parameters can be a surrogate marker of chemotherapy sensitivity and toxicity; (3) the use of anti-telomere molecule could greatly enhance the sensitivity to standards chemotherapies.
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Brusilovsky M, Cordoba M, Rosental B, Hershkovitz O, Andrake MD, Pecherskaya A, Einarson MB, Zhou Y, Braiman A, Campbell KS, Porgador A. Genome-wide siRNA screen reveals a new cellular partner of NK cell receptor KIR2DL4: heparan sulfate directly modulates KIR2DL4-mediated responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:5256-67. [PMID: 24127555 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
KIR2DL4 (CD158d) is a distinct member of the killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) family in human NK cells that can induce cytokine production and cytolytic activity in resting NK cells. Soluble HLA-G, normally expressed only by fetal-derived trophoblast cells, was reported to be a ligand for KIR2DL4; however, KIR2DL4 expression is not restricted to the placenta and can be found in CD56(high) subset of peripheral blood NK cells. We demonstrated that KIR2DL4 can interact with alternative ligand(s), expressed by cells of epithelial or fibroblast origin. A genome-wide high-throughput siRNA screen revealed that KIR2DL4 recognition of cell-surface ligand(s) is directly regulated by heparan sulfate (HS) glucosamine 3-O-sulfotransferase 3B1 (HS3ST3B1). KIR2DL4 was found to directly interact with HS/heparin, and the D0 domain of KIR2DL4 was essential for this interaction. Accordingly, exogenous HS/heparin can regulate cytokine production by KIR2DL4-expressing NK cells and HEK293T cells (HEK293T-2DL4), and induces differential localization of KIR2DL4 to rab5(+) and rab7(+) endosomes, thus leading to downregulation of cytokine production and degradation of the receptor. Furthermore, we showed that intimate interaction of syndecan-4 (SDC4) HS proteoglycan (HSPG) and KIR2DL4 directly affects receptor endocytosis and membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brusilovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Moti Cordoba
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Benyamin Rosental
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Oren Hershkovitz
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Mark D Andrake
- The Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anna Pecherskaya
- The Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Margret B Einarson
- The Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan Zhou
- The Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Kerry S Campbell
- The Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angel Porgador
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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