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Nishihama R, Ishida S, Urawa H, Kamei Y, Kohchi T. Conditional Gene Expression/Deletion Systems for Marchantia polymorpha Using its Own Heat-Shock Promoter and Cre/loxP-Mediated Site-Specific Recombination. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 57:271-280. [PMID: 26148498 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcv102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha is an emerging model plant suitable for addressing, using genetic approaches, various evolutionary questions in the land plant lineage. Haploid dominancy in its life cycle facilitates genetic analyses, but conversely limits the ability to isolate mutants of essential genes. To overcome this issue and to be employed in cell lineage, mosaic and cell autonomy analyses, we developed a system that allows conditional gene expression and deletion using a promoter of a heat-shock protein (HSP) gene and the Cre/loxP site-specific recombination system. Because the widely used promoter of the Arabidopsis HSP18.2 gene did not operate in M. polymorpha, we identified a promoter of an endogenous HSP gene, MpHSP17.8A1, which exhibited a highly inducible transient expression level upon heat shock with a low basal activity level. Reporter genes fused to this promoter were induced globally in thalli under whole-plant heat treatment and also locally using a laser-assisted targeted heating technique. By expressing Cre fused to the glucocorticoid receptor under the control of the MpHSP17.8A1 promoter, a low background, sufficiently inducible control for loxP-mediated recombination could be achieved in M. polymorpha. Based on these findings, we developed a Gateway technology-based binary vector for the conditional induction of gene deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Sakiko Ishida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroko Urawa
- Faculty of Education, Gifu Shotoku Gakuen University, Gifu, 501-6194 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility, NIBB Core Facilities, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan Department of Basic Biology in the School of Life Science, SOKENDAI (the Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585 Japan
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
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52
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Schmidt JG, Andersen EW, Ersbøll BK, Nielsen ME. Muscle wound healing in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:273-284. [PMID: 26702558 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We followed the progression of healing of deep excisional biopsy punch wounds over the course of 365 days in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by monitoring visual wound healing and gene expression in the healing muscle at regular intervals (1, 3, 7, 14, 38 and 100 days post-wounding). In addition, we performed muscle texture analysis one year after wound infliction. The selected genes have all previously been investigated in relation to vertebrate wound healing, but only few specifically in fish. The selected genes were interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and -β3, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 and -13, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), fibronectin (FN), tenascin-C (TN-C), prolyl 4-hydroxylase α1-chain (P4Hα1), lysyl oxidase (LOX), collagen type I α1-chain (ColIα1), CD41 and CD163. Wound healing progressed slowly in the presented study, which is at least partially due to the low temperature of about 8.5 °C during the first 100 days. The inflammation phase lasted more than 14 days, and the genes relating to production and remodeling of new extracellular matrix (ECM) exhibited a delayed but prolonged upregulation starting 1-2 weeks post-wounding and lasting until at least 100 days post-wounding. The gene expression patterns and histology reveal limited capacity for muscle regeneration in rainbow trout, and muscle texture analyses one year after wound infliction confirm that wounds heal with fibrosis. At 100 dpw epidermis had fully regenerated, and dermis partially regenerated. Scales had not regenerated even after one year. CD163 is a marker of "wound healing"-type M2c macrophages in mammals. M2 macrophage markers are as yet poorly described in fish. The pattern of CD163 expression in the present study is consistent with the expected timing of presence of M2c macrophages in the wound. CD163 may thus potentially prove a valuable marker of M2 macrophages - or a subset hereof - in fish. We subjected a group of fish to bathing in an immunomodulatory β-glucan product during wound healing, but found this to have very limited effect on wound healing in contrast to a previously published study on common carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Schmidt
- Laboratory of Aquatic Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Stigbøjlen 7, DK-1970 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - E W Andersen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Statistics and Data Analysis, Matematiktorvet, Building 324, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B K Ersbøll
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Statistics and Data Analysis, Matematiktorvet, Building 324, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M E Nielsen
- Leo Pharma A/S, Industriparken 55, DK-2750 Ballerup, Denmark
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Abstract
The Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes, is a vertebrate teleost model with a long history of genetic research. A number of unique features and established resources distinguish medaka from other vertebrate model systems. A large number of laboratory strains from different locations are available. Due to a high tolerance to inbreeding, many highly inbred strains have been established, thus providing a rich resource for genetic studies. Furthermore, closely related species native to different habitats in Southeast Asia permit comparative evolutionary studies. The transparency of embryos, larvae, and juveniles allows a detailed in vivo analysis of development. New tools to study diverse aspects of medaka biology are constantly being generated. Thus, medaka has become an important vertebrate model organism to study development, behavior, and physiology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of established genetic and molecular-genetic tools that render medaka fish a full-fledged vertebrate system.
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Kawasumi-Kita A, Hayashi T, Kobayashi T, Nagayama C, Hayashi S, Kamei Y, Morishita Y, Takeuchi T, Tamura K, Yokoyama H. Application of local gene induction by infrared laser-mediated microscope and temperature stimulator to amphibian regeneration study. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 57:601-13. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Kawasumi-Kita
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry; RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center; Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Toshinori Hayashi
- School of Life Science; Faculty of Medicine; Tottori University; Yonago Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayashi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Chikashi Nagayama
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Shinichi Hayashi
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- Spectrography and Bioimaging Facility; National Institute for Basic Biology; Myodaiji Okazaki Aichi 445-8585 Japan
- Department of Basic Biology in the School of Life Science of the Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI); Okazaki Aichi 445-8585 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Morishita
- Laboratory for Developmental Morphogeometry; RIKEN Quantitative Biology Center; Kobe Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Takashi Takeuchi
- School of Life Science; Faculty of Medicine; Tottori University; Yonago Tottori 683-8503 Japan
| | - Koji Tamura
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yokoyama
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences; Graduate School of Life Sciences; Tohoku University; Aramaki-Aza-Aoba 6-3, Aoba-ku Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science; Hirosaki University; Hirosaki Aomori 036-8561 Japan
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55
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Vullo R, Guinot G. Denticle-embedded ampullary organs in a Cretaceous shark provide unique insight into the evolution of elasmobranch electroreceptors. Naturwissenschaften 2015; 102:65. [PMID: 26420508 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-015-1315-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel type of dermal denticle (or placoid scale), unknown among both living and fossil chondrichthyan fishes, in a Cretaceous lamniform shark. By their morphology and location, these dermal denticles, grouped into clusters in the cephalic region, appear to have been directly associated with the electrosensory ampullary system. These denticles have a relatively enlarged (∼350 μm in diameter), ornamented crown with a small (∼100 μm) asterisk- or cross-shaped central perforation connected to a multi-alveolate internal cavity. The formation of such a complex structure can be explained by the annular coalescence and fusion, around an ampullary vesicle, of several developmental units still at papillary stage (i.e. before mineralization), leading to a single denticle embedding an alveolar ampulla devoid of canal. This differs from larger typical ampullae of Lorenzini with a well-developed canal opening in a pore of the skin and may represent another adaptive response to low skin resistance. Since it has been recently demonstrated that ampullary organs arise from lateral line placodes in chondrichthyans, this highly specialized type of dermal denticle (most likely non-deciduous) may be derived from the modified placoid scales covering the superficial neuromasts (pit organs) of the mechanosensory lateral line system of many modern sharks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Vullo
- Géosciences Rennes, UMR CNRS 6118, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes, France.
| | - Guillaume Guinot
- Département de Géologie et Paléontologie, Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève, CP 6434, 1211, Geneva 6, Switzerland
- Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR CNRS 5554, Université de Montpellier, 34095, Montpellier, France
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56
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Li IJ, Chang CJ, Liu SC, Abe G, Ota KG. Postembryonic staging of wild-type goldfish, with brief reference to skeletal systems. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1485-518. [PMID: 26316229 PMCID: PMC5054871 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Artificial selection of postembryonic features is known to have established morphological variation in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Although previous studies have suggested that goldfish and zebrafish are almost directly comparable at the embryonic level, little is known at the postembryonic level. Results: Here, we categorized the postembryonic developmental process in the wild‐type goldfish into 11 different stages. We also report certain differences between the postembryonic developmental processes of goldfish and zebrafish, especially in the skeletal systems (scales and median fin skeletons), suggesting that postembryonic development underwent evolutionary divergence in these two teleost species. Conclusions: Our postembryonic staging system of wild‐type goldfish paves the way for careful and appropriate comparison with other teleost species. The staging system will also facilitate comparative ontogenic analyses between wild‐type and mutant goldfish strains, allowing us to closely study the relationship between artificial selection and molecular developmental mechanisms in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 244:1485–1518, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This study provides the first reliable descriptions of normal post‐embryonic stages of wild type goldfish. Several post‐embryonic features of goldfish and zebrafish are diverged in these two teleost lineages. Goldfish larvae and juvenile provide a novel model for the investigation of the evolutionary relationship between domestication and ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Jia Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chieh Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Gembu Abe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Kinya G Ota
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
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Kimura E, Isogai S, Hitomi J. Integration of vascular systems between the brain and spinal cord in zebrafish. Dev Biol 2015; 406:40-51. [PMID: 26234750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral and spinal vascular systems are organized individually, and they then conjugate at their border, through the integration of basilar artery and vertebral arteries. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an ideal organism for studying early vascular development, and the precise procedure of cranial and truncal vascular formation has been previously demonstrated using this model. However, the stepwise process of the integration between the brain and spinal cord has not been clearly elucidated. In this study, we describe the integration of the independent vascular systems for the brain and spinal cord, using transgenic zebrafish expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein in endothelial cells. Initially, basilar artery and primordial hindbrain channels, into which internal carotid arteries supplied blood, were connected with dorsal longitudinal anastomose vessels, via the first intersegmental artery. This initial connection was not influenced by flow dynamics, suggesting that vascular integration in this region is controlled by genetic cues. Vertebral arteries were formed individually as longitudinal vessels beneath the spinal cord, and became integrated with the basilar artery during subsequent remodeling. Furthermore, we confirmed the basal vasculature was well conserved in adult zebrafish. Observations of vascular integration presented herein will contribute to an understanding of regulatory mechanisms behind this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Kimura
- Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3694, Japan.
| | - Sumio Isogai
- Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Jiro Hitomi
- Department of Anatomy, Iwate Medical University, 2-1-1 Nishitokuta, Yahaba-cho, Shiwa, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
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58
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Taniguchi Y, Kurth T, Medeiros DM, Tazaki A, Ramm R, Epperlein HH. Mesodermal origin of median fin mesenchyme and tail muscle in amphibian larvae. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11428. [PMID: 26086331 PMCID: PMC4471895 DOI: 10.1038/srep11428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchyme is an embryonic precursor tissue that generates a range of structures in vertebrates including cartilage, bone, muscle, kidney, and the erythropoietic system. Mesenchyme originates from both mesoderm and the neural crest, an ectodermal cell population, via an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Because ectodermal and mesodermal mesenchyme can form in close proximity and give rise to similar derivatives, the embryonic origin of many mesenchyme-derived tissues is still unclear. Recent work using genetic lineage tracing methods have upended classical ideas about the contributions of mesodermal mesenchyme and neural crest to particular structures. Using similar strategies in the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum), and the South African clawed toad (Xenopus laevis), we traced the origins of fin mesenchyme and tail muscle in amphibians. Here we present evidence that fin mesenchyme and striated tail muscle in both animals are derived solely from mesoderm and not from neural crest. In the context of recent work in zebrafish, our experiments suggest that trunk neural crest cells in the last common ancestor of tetrapods and ray-finned fish lacked the ability to form ectomesenchyme and its derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Taniguchi
- 1] Department of Anatomy, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany [2] Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kurth
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Meulemans Medeiros
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EBIO), University of Colorado, Ramaley N122 Campus Box 334, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
| | - Akira Tazaki
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Ramm
- 1] Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, D-01307 Dresden, Germany [2] Leibniz Research Labs for Biotechnology Artificial Organs (LEBAO),Dept of Cardiac, Thoracic,Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, MHHCarl Neuberg Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Epperlein
- 1] Department of Anatomy, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany [2] Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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59
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Evolution of vertebrates as viewed from the crest. Nature 2015; 520:474-482. [PMID: 25903629 DOI: 10.1038/nature14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The origin of vertebrates was accompanied by the advent of a novel cell type: the neural crest. Emerging from the central nervous system, these cells migrate to diverse locations and differentiate into numerous derivatives. By coupling morphological and gene regulatory information from vertebrates and other chordates, we describe how addition of the neural-crest-specification program may have enabled cells at the neural plate border to acquire multipotency and migratory ability. Analysis of the topology of the neural crest gene regulatory network can serve as a useful template for understanding vertebrate evolution, including elaboration of neural crest derivatives.
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60
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Hirasawa T, Kuratani S. Evolution of the vertebrate skeleton: morphology, embryology, and development. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2015; 1:2. [PMID: 26605047 PMCID: PMC4604106 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-014-0007-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Two major skeletal systems-the endoskeleton and exoskeleton-are recognized in vertebrate evolution. Here, we propose that these two systems are distinguished primarily by their relative positions, not by differences in embryonic histogenesis or cell lineage of origin. Comparative embryologic analyses have shown that both types of skeleton have changed their mode of histogenesis during evolution. Although exoskeletons were thought to arise exclusively from the neural crest, recent experiments in teleosts have shown that exoskeletons in the trunk are mesodermal in origin. The enameloid and dentine-coated postcranial exoskeleton seen in many vertebrates does not appear to represent an ancestral condition, as previously hypothesized, but rather a derived condition, in which the enameloid and dentine tissues became accreted to bones. Recent data from placoderm fossils are compatible with this scenario. In contrast, the skull contains neural crest-derived bones in its rostral part. Recent developmental studies suggest that the boundary between neural crest- and mesoderm-derived bones may not be consistent throughout evolution. Rather, the relative positions of bony elements may be conserved, and homologies of bony elements have been retained, with opportunistic changes in the mechanisms and cell lineages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hirasawa
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047 Japan
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61
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Parichy DM, Spiewak JE. Origins of adult pigmentation: diversity in pigment stem cell lineages and implications for pattern evolution. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 28:31-50. [PMID: 25421288 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Teleosts comprise about half of all vertebrate species and exhibit an extraordinary diversity of adult pigment patterns that function in shoaling, camouflage, and mate choice and have played important roles in speciation. Here, we review studies that have identified several distinct neural crest lineages, with distinct genetic requirements, that give rise to adult pigment cells in fishes. These lineages include post-embryonic, peripheral nerve-associated stem cells that generate black melanophores and iridescent iridophores, cells derived directly from embryonic neural crest cells that generate yellow-orange xanthophores, and bipotent stem cells that generate both melanophores and xanthophores. This complexity in adult chromatophore lineages has implications for our understanding of adult traits, melanoma, and the evolutionary diversification of pigment cell lineages and patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Parichy
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Duran I, Ruiz-Sánchez J, Santamaría JA, Marí-Beffa M. Holmgren's principle of delamination during fin skeletogenesis. Mech Dev 2014; 135:16-30. [PMID: 25460362 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
During fin morphogenesis, several mesenchyme condensations occur to give rise to the dermal skeleton. Although each of them seems to create distinctive and unique structures, they all follow the premises of the same morphogenetic principle. Holmgren's principle of delamination was first proposed to describe the morphogenesis of skeletal elements of the cranium, but Jarvik extended it to the development of the fin exoskeleton. Since then, some cellular or molecular explanations, such as the "flypaper" model (Thorogood et al.), or the evolutionary description by Moss, have tried to clarify this topic. In this article, we review new data from zebrafish studies to meet these criteria described by Holmgren and other authors. The variety of cell lineages involved in these skeletogenic condensations sheds light on an open discussion of the contributions of mesoderm- versus neural crest-derived cell lineages to the development of the head and trunk skeleton. Moreover, we discuss emerging molecular studies that are disclosing conserved regulatory mechanisms for dermal skeletogenesis and similarities during fin development and regeneration, which may have important implications in the potential use of the zebrafish fin as a model for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Duran
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
| | - J Ruiz-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - J A Santamaría
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - M Marí-Beffa
- Laboratory of Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration (LABRET), Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 29071 Málaga, Spain.
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63
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Hayashi S, Ochi H, Ogino H, Kawasumi A, Kamei Y, Tamura K, Yokoyama H. Transcriptional regulators in the Hippo signaling pathway control organ growth in Xenopus tadpole tail regeneration. Dev Biol 2014; 396:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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64
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Dupin E, Le Douarin NM. The neural crest, a multifaceted structure of the vertebrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 102:187-209. [PMID: 25219958 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In this review, several features of the cells originating from the lateral borders of the primitive neural anlagen, the neural crest (NC) are considered. Among them, their multipotentiality, which together with their migratory properties, leads them to colonize the developing body and to participate in the development of many tissues and organs. The in vitro analysis of the developmental capacities of single NC cells (NCC) showed that they present several analogies with the hematopoietic cells whose differentiation involves the activity of stem cells endowed with different arrays of developmental potentialities. The permanence of such NC stem cells in the adult organism raises the problem of their role at that stage of life. The NC has appeared during evolution in the vertebrate phylum and is absent in their Protocordates ancestors. The major role of the NCC in the development of the vertebrate head points to a critical role for this structure in the remarkable diversification and radiation of this group of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Dupin
- INSERM, U968, Paris, F-75012, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 968, Institut de la Vision, Paris, F-75012, France; CNRS, UMR_7210, Paris, F-75012, France
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Nagashima H, Shibata M, Taniguchi M, Ueno S, Kamezaki N, Sato N. Comparative study of the shell development of hard- and soft-shelled turtles. J Anat 2014; 225:60-70. [PMID: 24754673 PMCID: PMC4089346 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The turtle shell provides a fascinating model for the investigation of the evolutionary modifications of developmental mechanisms. Different conclusions have been put forth for its development, and it is suggested that one of the causes of the disagreement could be the differences in the species of the turtles used - the differences between hard-shelled turtles and soft-shelled turtles. To elucidate the cause of the difference, we compared the turtle shell development in the two groups of turtle. In the dorsal shell development, these two turtle groups shared the gene expression profile that is required for formation, and shared similar spatial organization of the anatomical elements during development. Thus, both turtles formed the dorsal shell through a folding of the lateral body wall, and the Wnt signaling pathway appears to have been involved in the development. The ventral portion of the shell, on the other hand, contains massive dermal bones. Although expression of HNK-1 epitope has suggested that the trunk neural crest contributed to the dermal bones in the hard-shelled turtles, it was not expressed in the initial anlage of the skeletons in either of the types of turtle. Hence, no evidence was found that would support a neural crest origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nagashima
- Division of Gross Anatomy and Morphogenesis, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Shibata
- Division of Gross Anatomy and Morphogenesis, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata, Japan
| | - Mari Taniguchi
- Suma Aqualife ParkKobe, Japan
- Sea Turtle Association of JapanHirakata, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ueno
- Suma Aqualife ParkKobe, Japan
- Sea Turtle Association of JapanHirakata, Japan
| | - Naoki Kamezaki
- Suma Aqualife ParkKobe, Japan
- Sea Turtle Association of JapanHirakata, Japan
| | - Noboru Sato
- Division of Gross Anatomy and Morphogenesis, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental SciencesNiigata, Japan
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66
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Trinajstic K, Boisvert C, Long J, Maksimenko A, Johanson Z. Pelvic and reproductive structures in placoderms (stem gnathostomes). Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 90:467-501. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Trinajstic
- Department of Chemistry; Curtin University; Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia
- Earth and Planetary Sciences; Western Australian Museum; Perth Western Australia 6000 Australia
| | - Catherine Boisvert
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - John Long
- School of Biological Sciences, Flinders University; GOP Box 2100, Adelaide South Australia 5001 Australia
| | - Anton Maksimenko
- Imaging & Medical Therapy, Australian Synchrotron; 800 Blackburn Road Clayton Victoria 3168 Australia
| | - Zerina Johanson
- Department of Earth Sciences; The Natural History Museum; South Kensington London SW7 5BD U.K
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67
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Egawa S, Miura S, Yokoyama H, Endo T, Tamura K. Growth and differentiation of a long bone in limb development, repair and regeneration. Dev Growth Differ 2014; 56:410-24. [PMID: 24860986 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Repair from traumatic bone fracture is a complex process that includes mechanisms of bone development and bone homeostasis. Thus, elucidation of the cellular/molecular basis of bone formation in skeletal development would provide valuable information on fracture repair and would lead to successful skeletal regeneration after limb amputation, which never occurs in mammals. Elucidation of the basis of epimorphic limb regeneration in amphibians would also provide insights into skeletal regeneration in mammals, since the epimorphic regeneration enables an amputated limb to re-develop the three-dimensional structure of bones. In the processes of bone development, repair and regeneration, growth of the bone is achieved through several events including not only cell proliferation but also aggregation of mesenchymal cells, enlargement of cells, deposition and accumulation of extracellular matrix, and bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Egawa
- Department of Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aobayama 6-3, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
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68
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Higashiyama H, Kuratani S. On the maxillary nerve. J Morphol 2013; 275:17-38. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Higashiyama
- Department of Biology; Graduate School of Science; Kobe University; Kobe 657-8501 Japan
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology; RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology; Kobe 650-0047 Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology; RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology; Kobe 650-0047 Japan
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69
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Moriyama Y, Takeda H. Evolution and development of the homocercal caudal fin in teleosts. Dev Growth Differ 2013; 55:687-98. [PMID: 24102138 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate caudal skeleton is one of the most innovative structures in vertebrate evolution and has been regarded as an excellent model for functional morphology, a discipline that relates a structure to its function. Teleosts have an internally-asymmetrical caudal fin, called the homocercal caudal fin, formed by the upward bending of the caudal-most portion of the body axis, the ural region. This homocercal type of the caudal fin ensures powerful and complex locomotion and is thought to be one of the most important evolutionary innovations for teleosts during adaptive radiation in an aquatic environment. In this review, we summarize the past and present research of fish caudal skeletons, especially focusing on the homocercal caudal fin seen in teleosts. A series of studies with a medaka spontaneous mutant have provided important insight into the evolution and development of the homocercal caudal skeleton. By comparing developmental processes in various vertebrates, we propose a scenario for acquisition and morphogenesis of the homocercal caudal skeleton during vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuta Moriyama
- Cardiovascular Regeneration, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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70
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Okuyama T, Isoe Y, Hoki M, Suehiro Y, Yamagishi G, Naruse K, Kinoshita M, Kamei Y, Shimizu A, Kubo T, Takeuchi H. Controlled Cre/loxP site-specific recombination in the developing brain in medaka fish, Oryzias latipes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66597. [PMID: 23825546 PMCID: PMC3692484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic mosaic techniques have been used to visualize and/or genetically modify a neuronal subpopulation within complex neural circuits in various animals. Neural populations available for mosaic analysis, however, are limited in the vertebrate brain. Methodology/Principal Findings To establish methodology to genetically manipulate neural circuits in medaka, we first created two transgenic (Tg) medaka lines, Tg (HSP:Cre) and Tg (HuC:loxP-DsRed-loxP-GFP). We confirmed medaka HuC promoter-derived expression of the reporter gene in juvenile medaka whole brain, and in neuronal precursor cells in the adult brain. We then demonstrated that stochastic recombination can be induced by micro-injection of Cre mRNA into Tg (HuC:loxP-DsRed-loxP-GFP) embryos at the 1-cell stage, which allowed us to visualize some subpopulations of GFP-positive cells in compartmentalized regions of the telencephalon in the adult medaka brain. This finding suggested that the distribution of clonally-related cells derived from single or a few progenitor cells was restricted to a compartmentalized region. Heat treatment of Tg(HSP:Cre x HuC:loxP-DsRed-loxP-GFP) embryos (0–1 day post fertilization [dpf]) in a thermalcycler (39°C) led to Cre/loxP recombination in the whole brain. The recombination efficiency was notably low when using 2–3 dpf embyos compared with 0–1 dpf embryos, indicating the possibility of stage-dependent sensitivity of heat-inducible recombination. Finally, using an infrared laser-evoked gene operator (IR-LEGO) system, heat shock induced in a micro area in the developing brains led to visualization of clonally-related cells in both juvenile and adult medaka fish. Conclusions/Significance We established a noninvasive method to control Cre/loxP site-specific recombination in the developing nervous system in medaka fish. This method will broaden the neural population available for mosaic analyses and allow for lineage tracing of the vertebrate nervous system in both juvenile and adult stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruhiro Okuyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Isoe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Hoki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Suehiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Genki Yamagishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Naruse
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Kinoshita
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamei
- National Institute for Basic Biology, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atushi Shimizu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Kubo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Lee RTH, Knapik EW, Thiery JP, Carney TJ. An exclusively mesodermal origin of fin mesenchyme demonstrates that zebrafish trunk neural crest does not generate ectomesenchyme. Development 2013; 140:2923-32. [PMID: 23739134 DOI: 10.1242/dev.093534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The neural crest is a multipotent stem cell population that arises from the dorsal aspect of the neural tube and generates both non-ectomesenchymal (melanocytes, peripheral neurons and glia) and ectomesenchymal (skeletogenic, odontogenic, cartilaginous and connective tissue) derivatives. In amniotes, only cranial neural crest generates both classes, with trunk neural crest restricted to non-ectomesenchyme. By contrast, it has been suggested that anamniotes might generate derivatives of both classes at all axial levels, with trunk neural crest generating fin osteoblasts, scale mineral-forming cells and connective tissue cells; however, this has not been fully tested. The cause and evolutionary significance of this cranial/trunk dichotomy, and its absence in anamniotes, are debated. Recent experiments have disputed the contribution of fish trunk neural crest to fin osteoblasts and scale mineral-forming cells. This prompted us to test the contribution of anamniote trunk neural crest to fin connective tissue cells. Using genetics-based lineage tracing in zebrafish, we find that these fin mesenchyme cells derive entirely from the mesoderm and that neural crest makes no contribution. Furthermore, contrary to previous suggestions, larval fin mesenchyme cells do not generate the skeletogenic cells of the adult fin, but persist to form fibroblasts associated with adult fin rays. Our data demonstrate that zebrafish trunk neural crest does not generate ectomesenchymal derivatives and challenge long-held ideas about trunk neural crest fate. These findings have important implications for the ontogeny and evolution of the neural crest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Teck Ho Lee
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology-IMCB, A*STAR-Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore
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