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Capuana L, Boström A, Etienne-Manneville S. Multicellular scale front-to-rear polarity in collective migration. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2019; 62:114-122. [PMID: 31756576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration does not only reflect the migration of cells at a similar speed and in the same direction, it also implies the emergence of new properties observed at the level of the cell group. This collective behavior relies on interactions between the cells and the establishment of a hierarchy amongst cells with leaders driving the group of followers. Here, we make the parallel between the front-to-rear polarity axis in single cell and the front-to-rear multicellular-scale polarity of a migrating collective which established through exchange of biochemical and mechanical information from the front to the rear and vice versa. Such multicellular-scale polarity gives the migrating group the possibility to better sense and adapt to energy, biochemical and mechanical constraints and facilitates migration over long distances in complex and changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Capuana
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Astrid Boström
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France; School of Life Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Sandrine Etienne-Manneville
- Cell Polarity, Migration and Cancer Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR3691 CNRS, Équipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, F-75015, Paris, France.
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52
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Yang Y, Zheng H, Zhan Y, Fan S. An emerging tumor invasion mechanism about the collective cell migration. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:5301-5312. [PMID: 31632511 PMCID: PMC6789225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, the metastasis has been detected in the late stage of the cancer, which mostly leads to death. The classical opinion about tumor metastasis is that tumor cell migration begins with the single tumor cell and goes through a series of complicated procedures, and lastly arrives and survives at distant tissues and organs. However, emerging studies have found a new migration mechanism called collective cell migration in many cancers. The collective cell migration could move as clusters with the tight cell-cell junction in the tumor microenvironments, toward the traction established by the leader cells. In addition, the collective cell migration has been shown to have higher invasive capacity and higher resistance to the clinical treatments than the single tumor cell migration. Interestingly, the collective clusters of tumor cells have been detected in the early stage of the cancer patient, which has led to the understanding of the significance of early cancer screenings. Here, we reviewed the major principles and guidance of the collective cell migration mechanisms, and the specific manifestations in the different tumors such as breast cancer and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha, Hunan, China
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53
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Wei L, Al Oustah A, Blader P, Roussigné M. Notch signaling restricts FGF pathway activation in parapineal cells to promote their collective migration. eLife 2019; 8:46275. [PMID: 31498774 PMCID: PMC6733574 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated migration of cell collectives is important during embryonic development and relies on cells integrating multiple mechanical and chemical cues. Recently, we described that focal activation of the FGF pathway promotes the migration of the parapineal in the zebrafish epithalamus. How FGF activity is restricted to leading cells in this system is, however, unclear. Here, we address the role of Notch signaling in modulating FGF activity within the parapineal. While Notch loss-of-function results in an increased number of parapineal cells activating the FGF pathway, global activation of Notch signaling decreases it; both contexts result in defects in parapineal migration and specification. Decreasing or increasing FGF signaling in a Notch loss-of-function context respectively rescues or aggravates parapineal migration defects without affecting parapineal cells specification. We propose that Notch signaling controls the migration of the parapineal through its capacity to restrict FGF pathway activation to a few leading cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - Amir Al Oustah
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Blader
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
| | - Myriam Roussigné
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Université de Toulouse, CNRS (UMR 5547), Toulouse, France
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54
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Norden C, Lecaudey V. Collective cell migration: general themes and new paradigms. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2019; 57:54-60. [PMID: 31430686 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays essential roles in embryogenesis and also contributes to disease states. Recent years have seen immense progress in understanding mechanisms and overarching concepts of collective cell migration. Self-organization of moving groups emerges as an important common feature. This includes self-generating gradients, internal chemotaxis or mechanotaxis and contact-dependent polarization within migrating cell groups. Here, we will discuss these concepts and their applications to classical models of collective cell migration. Further, we discuss new models and paradigms of collective cell migration and elaborate on open questions and future challenges. Answering these questions will help to expand our appreciation of this exciting theme in developmental cell biology and contribute to the understanding of disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caren Norden
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Pfotenhauerstraße 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Virginie Lecaudey
- Department of Developmental Biology of Vertebrates, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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55
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Jolly MK, Ware KE, Xu S, Gilja S, Shetler S, Yang Y, Wang X, Austin RG, Runyambo D, Hish AJ, Bartholf DeWitt S, George JT, Kreulen RT, Boss MK, Lazarides AL, Kerr DL, Gerber DG, Sivaraj D, Armstrong AJ, Dewhirst MW, Eward WC, Levine H, Somarelli JA. E-Cadherin Represses Anchorage-Independent Growth in Sarcomas through Both Signaling and Mechanical Mechanisms. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1391-1402. [PMID: 30862685 PMCID: PMC6548594 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-18-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
CDH1 (also known as E-cadherin), an epithelial-specific cell-cell adhesion molecule, plays multiple roles in maintaining adherens junctions, regulating migration and invasion, and mediating intracellular signaling. Downregulation of E-cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and correlates with poor prognosis in multiple carcinomas. Conversely, upregulation of E-cadherin is prognostic for improved survival in sarcomas. Yet, despite the prognostic benefit of E-cadherin expression in sarcoma, the mechanistic significance of E-cadherin in sarcomas remains poorly understood. Here, by combining mathematical models with wet-bench experiments, we identify the core regulatory networks mediated by E-cadherin in sarcomas, and decipher their functional consequences. Unlike carcinomas, E-cadherin overexpression in sarcomas does not induce a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). However, E-cadherin acts to reduce both anchorage-independent growth and spheroid formation of sarcoma cells. Ectopic E-cadherin expression acts to downregulate phosphorylated CREB1 (p-CREB) and the transcription factor, TBX2, to inhibit anchorage-independent growth. RNAi-mediated knockdown of TBX2 phenocopies the effect of E-cadherin on CREB levels and restores sensitivity to anchorage-independent growth in sarcoma cells. Beyond its signaling role, E-cadherin expression in sarcoma cells can also strengthen cell-cell adhesion and restricts spheroid growth through mechanical action. Together, our results demonstrate that E-cadherin inhibits sarcoma aggressiveness by preventing anchorage-independent growth. IMPLICATIONS: We highlight how E-cadherin can restrict aggressive behavior in sarcomas through both biochemical signaling and biomechanical effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathryn E Ware
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shivee Gilja
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Samantha Shetler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yanjun Yang
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Applied Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Xueyang Wang
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - R Garland Austin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniella Runyambo
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alexander J Hish
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Jason T George
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - R Timothy Kreulen
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | - David L Kerr
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Drew G Gerber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dharshan Sivaraj
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Andrew J Armstrong
- Solid Tumor Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Duke Prostate Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Mark W Dewhirst
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William C Eward
- Department of Orthopedics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, Texas
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina.
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56
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Slater B, Ng E, McGuigan AP. Local cell coordination does not alter individual cell migration during collective migration but does impact cellular exchange events. Integr Biol (Camb) 2019; 11:163-172. [DOI: 10.1093/intbio/zyz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Coordinated cell re-organization is critical to ensure correct tissue morphogenesis for a number of important embryonic and tissue repair events, however the mechanisms that govern cells coordination during collective movements, particularly in situations where cells are spatially restricted by their neighbours, are not well understood. Here we assessed cell re-organization in monolayers of retinal epithelial cells (ARPE-19) to determine if cells that coordinate with their neighbours exhibit differential migration properties to non-coordinating cells and participate differently in local cell re-organization of the tissue sheet. From global tracking analysis, we determined that the movement profiles of cells were indistinguishable regardless of whether or not they were a part of multicellular streams. Using high magnification live imaging of cell membranes, we also characterized the localized geometry and organization of a monolayer (cell area, number of nearest neighbours, aspect ratio, internal cell angles) during cell re-organization in both streaming and non-streaming regions. Consistent with our global migration analysis, we observed no differences in cell sheet geometry and organization in streaming versus non-streaming regions. We did however observe that cells executed T1-like transitions to exchange position within the space-limited monolayer and that exchange events consistently involved at least one non-streaming cell. Our data suggests a model in which cell movement within the sheet is limited by neighbour exchange events and likely cells transition between streaming and non-streaming regimes to facilitate these neighbour exchange events while maintaining the integrity of the sheet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Slater
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edwin Ng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alison P McGuigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada
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57
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Zhang X, Li G, Guo Y, Song Y, Chen L, Ruan Q, Wang Y, Sun L, Hu Y, Zhou J, Ren B, Guo J. Regulation of ezrin tension by S-nitrosylation mediates non-small cell lung cancer invasion and metastasis. Theranostics 2019; 9:2555-2571. [PMID: 31131053 PMCID: PMC6525990 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer invasion and metastasis depend on accurate and rapid modulation of both chemical and mechanical activities. The S-nitrosylation (SNO) of membrane cytoskeletal cross-linker protein ezrin may regulate the malignant process in a tension-dependent manner. Methods: The level of nitrosylated ezrin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and A549 cell line were evaluated by biotin-switch assay. A few cysteine mutated plasmids of ezrin were used to identify active site for SNO. Newly designed ezrin or mutated-ezrin tension probes based on Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) theory were applied to visually observe real-time tension changes. Cytoskeleton depolymerizing and motor molecular inhibiting experiments were performed to reveal the alternation of the mechanical property of ezrin after SNO. Transwell assays and xenograft mouse model were used to assess aggressiveness of A549 cells in different groups. Fluorescent staining was also applied to examine cellular location and structures. Results: High inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels were observed to induce ezrin-SNO, and then promote malignant behaviors of NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Cys117 was identified as the only active site for ezrin-SNO. Meanwhile, an increased level of ezrin tension was observed after iNOS-induced SNO. Enhanced ezrin tension was positively correlated with aggressiveness of NSCLC. Moreover, Microfilament (MF) forces instead of microtubule (MT) forces played dominant roles in modulating ezrin tension, especially after ezrin nitrosylation. Conclusion: This study revealed a SNO-associated mechanism underlying the mechanical tension of ezrin. Ezrin-SNO promotes NSCLC cells invasion and metastasis through facilitating mechanical transduction from the cytoskeleton to the membrane. These studies implicate the therapeutic potential by targeting ezrin in the inhibition NSCLC invasion and metastasis.
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58
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VanderVorst K, Dreyer CA, Konopelski SE, Lee H, Ho HYH, Carraway KL. Wnt/PCP Signaling Contribution to Carcinoma Collective Cell Migration and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1719-1729. [PMID: 30952630 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the cellular mechanisms governing carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis has evolved dramatically over the last several years. The previous emphasis on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a driver of the migratory properties of single cells has expanded with the observation that carcinoma cells often invade and migrate collectively as adherent groups. Moreover, recent analyses suggest that circulating tumor cells within the vasculature often exist as multicellular clusters and that clusters more efficiently seed metastatic lesions than single circulating tumor cells. While these observations point to a key role for collective cell migration in carcinoma metastasis, the molecular mechanisms driving collective tumor cell migration remain to be discerned. Wnt/PCP (planar cell polarity) signaling, one of the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathways, mediates collective migratory events such as convergent extension during developmental processes. Wnt/PCP signaling components are frequently dysregulated in solid tumors, and aberrant pathway activation contributes to tumor cell migratory properties. Here we summarize key studies that address the mechanisms by which Wnt/PCP signaling mediate collective cell migration in developmental and tumor contexts. We emphasize Wnt/PCP component localization within migrating cells and discuss how component asymmetry may govern the spatiotemporal control of downstream cytoskeletal effectors to promote collective cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Courtney A Dreyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sara E Konopelski
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Hsin-Yi Henry Ho
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California.
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59
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Dean ZS, Jamilpour N, Slepian MJ, Wong PK. Decreasing Wound Edge Stress Enhances Leader Cell Formation during Collective Smooth Muscle Cell Migration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3864-3875. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Pak Kin Wong
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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60
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Xiao Y, Riahi R, Torab P, Zhang DD, Wong PK. Collective Cell Migration in 3D Epithelial Wound Healing. ACS NANO 2019; 13:1204-1212. [PMID: 30758172 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays a pivotal role in development, wound healing, and metastasis, but little is known about the mechanisms and coordination of cell migration in 3D microenvironments. Here, we demonstrate a 3D wound healing assay by photothermal ablation for investigating collective cell migration in epithelial tissue structures. The nanoparticle-mediated photothermal technique creates local hyperthermia for selective cell ablation and induces collective cell migration of 3D tissue structures. By incorporating dynamic single cell gene expression analysis, live cell actin staining, and particle image velocimetry, we show that the wound healing response consists of 3D vortex motion moving toward the wound followed by the formation of multicellular actin bundles and leader cells with active actin-based protrusions. Inhibition of ROCK signaling disrupts the multicellular actin bundle and enhances the formation of leader cells at the leading edge. Furthermore, single cell gene expression analysis, pharmacological perturbation, and RNA interference reveal that Notch1-Dll4 signaling negatively regulates the formation of multicellular actin bundles and leader cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates a platform for investigating 3D collective cell migration and underscores the essential roles of ROCK and Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating 3D epithelial wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reza Riahi
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | | | | | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Surgery , The Pennsylvania State University , Hershey , Pennsylvania 17033 , United States
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61
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Computational Modeling of Collective Cell Migration: Mechanical and Biochemical Aspects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1146:1-11. [PMID: 31612450 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-17593-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Collective cell migration plays key roles in various physiological and pathological processes in multicellular organisms, including embryonic development, wound healing, and formation of cancer metastases. Such collective migration involves complex crosstalk among cells and their environment at both biochemical and mechanical levels. Here, we review various computational modeling strategies that have been helpful in decoding the dynamics of collective cell migration. Most of such attempts have focused either aspect - mechanical or biochemical regulation of collective cell migration, and have yielded complementary insights. Finally, we suggest some possible ways to integrate these models to gain a more comprehensive understanding of collective cell migration.
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62
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Abstract
In various physiological processes, the cell collective is organized in a monolayer, such as seen in a simple epithelium. The advances in the understanding of mechanical behavior of the monolayer and its underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms will help to elucidate the properties of cell collectives. In this Review, we discuss recent in vitro studies on monolayer mechanics and their implications on collective dynamics, regulation of monolayer mechanics by physical confinement and geometrical cues and the effect of tissue mechanics on biological processes, such as cell division and extrusion. In particular, we focus on the active nematic property of cell monolayers and the emerging approach to view biological systems in the light of liquid crystal theory. We also highlight the mechanosensing and mechanotransduction mechanisms at the sub-cellular and molecular level that are mediated by the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton and cell-cell adhesion proteins, such as E-cadherin and α-catenin. To conclude, we argue that, in order to have a holistic understanding of the cellular response to biophysical environments, interdisciplinary approaches and multiple techniques - from large-scale traction force measurements to molecular force protein sensors - must be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Chen
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Thuan Beng Saw
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,National University of Singapore, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Engineering Block 4, #04-08, Singapore 117583
| | - René-Marc Mège
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
| | - Benoit Ladoux
- Institut Jacques Monod (IJM), CNRS UMR 7592 & Université Paris Diderot, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13, France
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63
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Mathur J, Sarker B, Pathak A. Predicting Collective Migration of Cell Populations Defined by Varying Repolarization Dynamics. Biophys J 2018; 115:2474-2485. [PMID: 30527449 PMCID: PMC6302036 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Collective migration of heterogeneous cell populations is an essential aspect of fundamental biological processes, including morphogenesis, wound healing, and tumor invasion. Through experiments and modeling, it has been shown that cells attain front-rear polarity, generate forces, and form adhesions to migrate. However, it remains unclear how the ability of individual cells in a population to dynamically repolarize themselves into new directions could regulate the collective response. We present a vertex-based model in which each deformable cell randomly chooses a new polarization direction after every defined time interval, elongates, proportionally generates forces, and causes collective migration. Our simulations predict that cell types that repolarize at longer time intervals attain more elongated shapes, migrate faster, deform the cell sheet, and roughen the leading edge. By imaging collectively migrating epithelial cell monolayers at high temporal resolution, we found longer repolarization intervals and elongated shapes of cells at the leading edge compared to those within the monolayer. Based on these experimental measurements and simulations, we defined aggressive mutant leader cells by long repolarization interval and minimal intercellular contact. The cells with frequent and random repolarization were defined as normal cells. In simulations with uniformly dispersed leader cells in a normal cell population at a 1:10 ratio, the resulting migration and deformation of the heterogeneous cell sheet remained low. However, when the 10% mutant leaders were placed only at the leading edge, we predicted a rise in the migration of an otherwise normal cell sheet. Our model predicts that a repolarization-based definition of leader cells and their placement within a healthy population can generate myriad modes of collective cell migration, which can enhance our understanding of collective cell migration in disease and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairaj Mathur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bapi Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Amit Pathak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
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64
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Vishwakarma M, Di Russo J, Probst D, Schwarz US, Das T, Spatz JP. Mechanical interactions among followers determine the emergence of leaders in migrating epithelial cell collectives. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3469. [PMID: 30150695 PMCID: PMC6110746 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05927-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating the emergence of leaders is a central aspect of collective cell migration, but the underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. Here we show that the selective emergence of leader cells at the epithelial wound-margin depends on the dynamics of the follower cells and is spatially limited by the length-scale of collective force transduction. Owing to the dynamic heterogeneity of the monolayer, cells behind the prospective leaders manifest locally increased traction and monolayer stresses much before these leaders display any phenotypic traits. Followers, in turn, pull on the future leaders to elect them to their fate. Once formed, the territory of a leader can extend only to the length up-to which forces are correlated, which is similar to the length up-to which leader cells can transmit forces. These findings provide mechanobiological insight into the hierarchy in cell collectives during epithelial wound healing. During collective cell migration, how leader cells emerge is poorly understood. Here, the authors find that small groups of mechanically-interacting follower cells pull on the future leaders to stochastically elect them to their fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medhavi Vishwakarma
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jacopo Di Russo
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dimitri Probst
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schwarz
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and BioQuant, Heidelberg University, INF 267, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tamal Das
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences (TCIS), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, 500107, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Joachim P Spatz
- Department of Cellular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, Jahnstraße 29, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, INF 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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65
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Eirin A, Zhu XY, Jonnada S, Lerman A, van Wijnen AJ, Lerman LO. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Improve the Renal Microvasculature in Metabolic Renovascular Disease in Swine. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1080-1095. [PMID: 29954220 PMCID: PMC6158551 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718780942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) mediate their paracrine effect, but their efficacy to protect the microcirculation of the kidney is unknown. Using a novel swine model of unilateral renovascular disease (RVD) complicated by metabolic syndrome (MetS), we tested the hypothesis that EVs would attenuate renal microvascular loss. Methods: Four groups of pigs (n = 7 each) were studied after 16 weeks of diet-induced MetS and RVD (MetS+RVD), MetS+RVD treated 4 weeks earlier with a single intra-renal delivery of EVs harvested from autologous adipose tissue-derived MSCs, and Lean and MetS Sham controls. Stenotic-kidney renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured in-vivo (fast CT), whereas EV characteristics, renal microvascular architecture (micro-CT), and injury pathways were studied ex-vivo. Results: mRNA sequencing and proteomic analysis revealed that EVs are packed with several pro-angiogenic genes and proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Labeled EVs were detected in the stenotic kidney 4 weeks after injection internalized by tubular and endothelial cells. EVs restored renal expression of angiogenic factors and improved cortical microvascular and peritubular capillary density. Renal apoptosis, oxidative stress, tubular injury, and fibrosis were also attenuated in EV-treated pigs. RBF and GFR decreased in MetS+RVD compared with MetS, but normalized in MetS+RVD+EVs. Conclusions: Intra-renal delivery of MSC-derived EVs bearing pro-angiogenic properties restored the renal microcirculation and in turn hemodynamics and function in chronic experimental MetS+RVD. Our study suggests a novel therapeutic potential for MSC-derived EVs in restoring renal hemodynamics in experimental MetS+RVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Eirin
- 1 Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhu
- 1 Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sreela Jonnada
- 1 Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir Lerman
- 2 Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lilach O Lerman
- 1 Divisions of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,2 Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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TASI: A software tool for spatial-temporal quantification of tumor spheroid dynamics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7248. [PMID: 29739990 PMCID: PMC5940855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Spheroid cultures derived from explanted cancer specimens are an increasingly utilized resource for studying complex biological processes like tumor cell invasion and metastasis, representing an important bridge between the simplicity and practicality of 2-dimensional monolayer cultures and the complexity and realism of in vivo animal models. Temporal imaging of spheroids can capture the dynamics of cell behaviors and microenvironments, and when combined with quantitative image analysis methods, enables deep interrogation of biological mechanisms. This paper presents a comprehensive open-source software framework for Temporal Analysis of Spheroid Imaging (TASI) that allows investigators to objectively characterize spheroid growth and invasion dynamics. TASI performs spatiotemporal segmentation of spheroid cultures, extraction of features describing spheroid morpho-phenotypes, mathematical modeling of spheroid dynamics, and statistical comparisons of experimental conditions. We demonstrate the utility of this tool in an analysis of non-small cell lung cancer spheroids that exhibit variability in metastatic and proliferative behaviors.
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Photoactivatable substrates for systematic study of the impact of an extracellular matrix ligand on appearance of leader cells in collective cell migration. Biomaterials 2018; 169:72-84. [PMID: 29655082 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells migrate as multicellular units. The directionality and speed of these units are determined by actively moving leader cells. It is important to understand how external cues affect the appearance of these leader cells in physiological and pathological processes. However, the impact of extracellular matrices (ECMs) is still controversial, because physically-adsorbed ECM proteins are amenable to protein remodeling, and uncontrolled cluster geometry can vary migration phenotypes. Here, we demonstrate a photoactivatable substrate, which we used to study the impact of a cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp (cRGD) ligand on leader cell formation in MDCK cells. This robust platform allowed us to investigate the effect of cRGD density on leader cell formation, in any given cluster geometry, with minimized ECM remodeling. Our results show a biphasic response of leader cell appearance upon reducing the surface cRGD density. The increase, in leader cell appearance, within the higher density range, is not only associated with the weakening of circumferential actomyosin belts, but also reduction of cellular mechanical tension and intercellular junctional E-cadherin. These results indicate that cRGD-mediated cell-ECM interactions positively regulate mechanical and biochemical coupling within cell clusters; both are critical for the coordination of cell collectives and eventual reduction in the appearance of leader cells.
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68
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Long M, Cai L, Li W, Zhang L, Guo S, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Liu X, Wang M, Zhou X, Wang H, Li X, Li L, Zhu Z, Yang G, Zheng H. DPP-4 Inhibitors Improve Diabetic Wound Healing via Direct and Indirect Promotion of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Reduction of Scarring. Diabetes 2018; 67:518-531. [PMID: 29254987 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes often experience multiple disease complications. Hypoglycemic agents can have both positive and negative effects on diabetic complications, which should be carefully assessed when personalized treatment strategies are developed. In this study we report that dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), a group of widely used antihyperglycemic agents, can improve diabetic wound healing, independent of their beneficial effects on glycemic control. In particular, DPP-4is promoted the migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of keratinocytes, directly and indirectly, by inducing stromal cell-derived factor 1α production of fibroblasts in vitro and in diabetic mice. In addition, DPP-4is attenuated collagen synthesis and deposition, which may diminish scar formation. Furthermore, the results of a randomized clinical trial (NCT02742233) involving 67 patients with type 2 diabetes supported the role of DPP-4i treatment in diabetic wound healing. Our findings support the application of DPP-4i as a preferred option for treating ulcers in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leiqin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiufei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangyi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Translational Research Key Laboratory for Diabetes, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Pagie S, Gérard N, Charreau B. Notch signaling triggered via the ligand DLL4 impedes M2 macrophage differentiation and promotes their apoptosis. Cell Commun Signal 2018; 16:4. [PMID: 29321062 PMCID: PMC5764024 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0214-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch signaling controls many cellular processes, including cell fate determination, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. In mammals, four Notch receptors (Notch 1-4) can interact with five distinct ligands [Jagged1, Jagged2, Delta-like 1 (DLL1), DLL3, and DLL4]. We previously reported that Notch activation is modulated in endothelial cells and monocytes during inflammation and showed that inflammation upregulates DLL4 on endothelial cells. DLL4 promotes differentiation of blood monocytes into proinflammatory M1 macrophages. Here, we further investigated the ability of DLL4 to interfere with the polarization of blood monocytes into immunosuppressive M2 macrophages. METHODS Human blood monocytes were differentiated in vitro into M0 macrophages and then polarized into M1 or M2 macrophages with LPS/IFNγ and IL-4, respectively. Polarization steps were performed in the presence of immobilized recombinant DLL4. Immune phenotype and apoptosis of macrophage subsets were analyzed and quantified by flow cytometry. Regulatory effects of DLL4 on gene expression, cell signaling and apoptotic pathways were investigated by QPCR and western blots. RESULTS The phenotype of M2 macrophages was subject to specific alterations in the presence of recombinant DLL4. DLL4 inhibits the upregulation of IL-4 induced M2 markers such as CD11b, CD206, and CD200R. Survival of macrophages upon M2 polarization was also strongly reduced in the presence of DLL4. DLL4 induces a caspase3/7-dependent apoptosis during M2 but not M1 macrophage polarization. The Notch ligand DLL1 has no apoptotic effect. Both DLL4 signaling via Notch1 as well as DLL4-mediated apoptosis are Notch-dependent. Fully differentiated M2 macrophages became resistant to DLL4 action. Mechanistically, DLL4 selectively upregulates gene expression in macrophages upon M2 polarization, thereby affecting the Notch pattern (Notch1, 3, Jag1), activity (HES1), and transcription (IRF5, STAT1). The pro-apoptotic effectors Bax and Bak and the BH3-only proteins Bid and Bim seem to convey DLL4 apoptotic signal. CONCLUSION Interplay between the DLL4/Notch and IL-4/IL-4R signaling pathways impairs M2 differentiation. Thus, DLL4 may drive a Notch-dependent selection process not only by promoting M1 macrophage differentiation but also by preventing M2 macrophage differentiation through inhibition of M2-specific gene expression and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Pagie
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 30 bd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nathalie Gérard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 30 bd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Charreau
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 30 bd J. Monnet, 44093, Nantes, France. .,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France.
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70
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Aoki K, Kondo Y, Naoki H, Hiratsuka T, Itoh RE, Matsuda M. Propagating Wave of ERK Activation Orients Collective Cell Migration. Dev Cell 2017; 43:305-317.e5. [PMID: 29112851 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical framework of collective cell migration has been extensively investigated in recent years; however, it remains elusive how chemical inputs from neighboring cells are integrated to coordinate the collective movement. Here, we provide evidence that propagation waves of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase activation determine the direction of the collective cell migration. A wound-healing assay of Mardin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cells revealed two distinct types of ERK activation wave, a "tidal wave" from the wound, and a self-organized "spontaneous wave" in regions distant from the wound. In both cases, MDCK cells collectively migrated against the direction of the ERK activation wave. The inhibition of ERK activation propagation suppressed collective cell migration. An ERK activation wave spatiotemporally controlled actomyosin contraction and cell density. Furthermore, an optogenetic ERK activation wave reproduced the collective cell migration. These data provide new mechanistic insight into how cells sense the direction of collective cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Aoki
- Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Information, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Quantitative Biology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Higashiyama 5-1, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan.
| | - Yohei Kondo
- Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Information, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Quantitative Biology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Higashiyama 5-1, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Honda Naoki
- Imaging Platform for Spatio-Temporal Information, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Integrated Systems Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Hiratsuka
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Reina E Itoh
- Division of Quantitative Biology, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Myodaiji, Higashiyama 5-1, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Pathology and Biology of Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Laboratory of Bioimaging and Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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71
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Vig DK, Hamby AE, Wolgemuth CW. Cellular Contraction Can Drive Rapid Epithelial Flows. Biophys J 2017; 113:1613-1622. [PMID: 28978451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Single, isolated epithelial cells move randomly; however, during wound healing, organism development, cancer metastasis, and many other multicellular phenomena, motile cells group into a collective and migrate persistently in a directed manner. Recent work has examined the physics and biochemistry that coordinates the motions of these groups of cells. Of late, two mechanisms have been touted as being crucial to the physics of these systems: leader cells and jamming. However, the actual importance of these to collective migration remains circumstantial. Fundamentally, collective behavior must arise from the actions of individual cells. Here, we show how biophysical activity of an isolated cell impacts collective dynamics in epithelial layers. Although many reports suggest that wound closure rates depend on isolated cell speed and/or leader cells, we find that these correlations are not universally true, nor do collective dynamics follow the trends suggested by models for jamming. Instead, our experimental data, when coupled with a mathematical model for collective migration, shows that intracellular contractile stress, isolated cell speed, and adhesion all play a substantial role in influencing epithelial dynamics, and that alterations in contraction and/or substrate adhesion can cause confluent epithelial monolayers to exhibit an increase in motility, a feature reminiscent of cancer metastasis. These results directly question the validity of wound-healing assays as a general means for measuring cell migration, and provide further insight into the salient physics of collective migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruv K Vig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Alex E Hamby
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Charles W Wolgemuth
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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72
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Wang S, Xiao Y, Zhang DD, Wong PK. A gapmer aptamer nanobiosensor for real-time monitoring of transcription and translation in single cells. Biomaterials 2017; 156:56-64. [PMID: 29190498 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Transcription and translation are under tight spatiotemporal regulation among cells to coordinate multicellular organization. Methods that allow massively parallel detection of gene expression dynamics at the single cell level are required for elucidating the complex regulatory mechanisms. Here we present a multiplex nanobiosensor for real-time monitoring of protein and mRNA expression dynamics in live cells based on gapmer aptamers and complementary locked nucleic acid probes. Using the multiplex nanobiosensor, we quantified spatiotemporal dynamics of vascular endothelial growth factor A mRNA and protein expressions in single human endothelial cells during microvascular self-organization. Our results revealed distinct gene regulatory processes in the heterogeneous cell subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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73
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Venhuizen JH, Zegers MM. Making Heads or Tails of It: Cell-Cell Adhesion in Cellular and Supracellular Polarity in Collective Migration. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a027854. [PMID: 28246177 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a027854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is paramount to morphogenesis and contributes to the pathogenesis of cancer. To migrate directionally and reach their site of destination, migrating cells must distinguish a front and a rear. In addition to polarizing individually, cell-cell interactions in collectively migrating cells give rise to a higher order of polarity, which allows them to move as a supracellular unit. Rather than just conferring adhesion, emerging evidence indicates that cadherin-based adherens junctions intrinsically polarize the cluster and relay mechanical signals to establish both intracellular and supracellular polarity. In this review, we discuss the various functions of adherens junctions in polarity of migrating cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik Venhuizen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam M Zegers
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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74
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Theveneau E, Linker C. Leaders in collective migration: are front cells really endowed with a particular set of skills? F1000Res 2017; 6:1899. [PMID: 29152225 PMCID: PMC5664975 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.11889.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is the coordinated movement emerging from the interaction of at least two cells. In multicellular organisms, collective cell migration is ubiquitous. During development, embryonic cells often travel in numbers, whereas in adults, epithelial cells close wounds collectively. There is often a division of labour and two categories of cells have been proposed: leaders and followers. These two terms imply that followers are subordinated to leaders whose proposed broad range of actions significantly biases the direction of the group of cells towards a specific target. These two terms are also tied to topology. Leaders are at the front while followers are located behind them. Here, we review recent work on some of the main experimental models for collective cell migration, concluding that leader-follower terminology may not be the most appropriate. It appears that not all collectively migrating groups are driven by cells located at the front. Moreover, the qualities that define leaders (pathfinding, traction forces and matrix remodelling) are not specific to front cells. These observations indicate that the terms leaders and followers are not suited to every case. We think that it would be more accurate to dissociate the function of a cell from its position in the group. The position of cells can be precisely defined with respect to the direction of movement by purely topological terms such as "front" or "rear" cells. In addition, we propose the more ample and strictly functional definition of "steering cells" which are able to determine the directionality of movement for the entire group. In this context, a leader cell represents only a specific case in which a steering cell is positioned at the front of the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Theveneau
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CBD), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Claudia Linker
- Randall Division of Cell & Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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75
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Sewell-Loftin MK, Bayer SVH, Crist E, Hughes T, Joison SM, Longmore GD, George SC. Cancer-associated fibroblasts support vascular growth through mechanical force. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12574. [PMID: 28974764 PMCID: PMC5626692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13006-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) as regulators of tumor progression, specifically vascular growth, has only recently been described. CAFs are thought to be more mechanically active but how this trait may alter the tumor microenvironment is poorly understood. We hypothesized that enhanced mechanical activity of CAFs, as regulated by the Rho/ROCK pathway, contributes to increased blood vessel growth. Using a 3D in vitro tissue model of vasculogenesis, we observed increased vascularization in the presence of breast cancer CAFs compared to normal breast fibroblasts. Further studies indicated this phenomenon was not simply a result of enhanced soluble signaling factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and that CAFs generated significantly larger deformations in 3D gels compared to normal fibroblasts. Inhibition of the mechanotransductive pathways abrogated the ability of CAFs to deform the matrix and suppressed vascularization. Finally, utilizing magnetic microbeads to mechanically stimulate mechanically-inhibited CAFs showed partial rescue of vascularization. Our studies demonstrate enhanced mechanical activity of CAFs may play a crucial and previously unappreciated role in the formation of tumor-associated vasculature which could possibly offer potential novel targets in future anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Kathryn Sewell-Loftin
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,ICCE Institute at Washington University, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Samantha Van Hove Bayer
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,ICCE Institute at Washington University, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Elizabeth Crist
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Taylor Hughes
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Sofia M Joison
- Departments of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Gregory D Longmore
- Departments of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.,Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,ICCE Institute at Washington University, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Steven C George
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Pandya P, Orgaz JL, Sanz-Moreno V. Actomyosin contractility and collective migration: may the force be with you. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2017; 48:87-96. [PMID: 28715714 PMCID: PMC6137077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Collective migration relies on the ability of a multicellular co-ordinated unit to efficiently respond to physical changes in their surrounding matrix. Conversely, migrating cohorts physically alter their microenvironment using mechanical forces. During collective migration, actomyosin contractility acts as a central hub coordinating mechanosensing and mechanotransduction responses.
Collective cell migration is essential during physiological processes such as development or wound healing and in pathological conditions such as cancer dissemination. Cells migrating within multicellular tissues experiment different forces which play an intricate role during tissue formation, development and maintenance. How cells are able to respond to these forces depends largely on how they interact with the extracellular matrix. In this review, we focus on mechanics and mechanotransduction in collective migration. In particular, we discuss current knowledge on how cells integrate mechanical signals during collective migration and we highlight actomyosin contractility as a central hub coordinating mechanosensing and mechanotransduction responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pahini Pandya
- Tumour Plasticity Team, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jose L Orgaz
- Tumour Plasticity Team, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Tumour Plasticity Team, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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77
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Jolly MK, Tripathi SC, Somarelli JA, Hanash SM, Levine H. Epithelial/mesenchymal plasticity: how have quantitative mathematical models helped improve our understanding? Mol Oncol 2017; 11:739-754. [PMID: 28548388 PMCID: PMC5496493 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of cells to reversibly alter their phenotypes in response to signals, presents a significant clinical challenge to treating solid tumors. Tumor cells utilize phenotypic plasticity to evade therapies, metastasize, and colonize distant organs. As a result, phenotypic plasticity can accelerate tumor progression. A well‐studied example of phenotypic plasticity is the bidirectional conversions among epithelial, mesenchymal, and hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal (E/M) phenotype(s). These conversions can alter a repertoire of cellular traits associated with multiple hallmarks of cancer, such as metabolism, immune evasion, invasion, and metastasis. To tackle the complexity and heterogeneity of these transitions, mathematical models have been developed that seek to capture the experimentally verified molecular mechanisms and act as ‘hypothesis‐generating machines’. Here, we discuss how these quantitative mathematical models have helped us explain existing experimental data, guided further experiments, and provided an improved conceptual framework for understanding how multiple intracellular and extracellular signals can drive E/M plasticity at both the single‐cell and population levels. We also discuss the implications of this plasticity in driving multiple aggressive facets of tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Satyendra C Tripathi
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason A Somarelli
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samir M Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
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78
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Zheng Y, Wang S, Xue X, Xu A, Liao W, Deng A, Dai G, Liu AP, Fu J. Notch signaling in regulating angiogenesis in a 3D biomimetic environment. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1948-1959. [PMID: 28470301 PMCID: PMC6223016 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00186j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a complex cellular process involving highly orchestrated invasion and organization of endothelial cells (ECs) in a three-dimensional (3D) environment. Recent evidence indicates that Notch signaling is critically involved in regulating specialized functions and distinct fates of ECs in newly formed vasculatures during angiogenesis. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the application of a microengineered biomimetic system to quantitatively investigate the role of Notch signaling in regulating early angiogenic sprouting and vasculature formation of ECs in a 3D extracellular matrix. Morphological features of angiogenesis including invasion distance, invasion area, and tip cell number were quantified and compared under pharmacological perturbations of Notch signaling. In addition, influences of Notch signaling on EC proliferation in angiogenic vasculatures and directional invasion of tip cells were also investigated. Moreover, leveraging a novel nanobiosensor system, mRNA expression of Dll4, a Notch ligand, was monitored in invading tip cells using live cell imaging during the dynamic angiogenic process. Our data showed that inhibition of Notch signaling resulted in hyper-sprouting endothelial structures, while activation of Notch signaling led to opposite effects. Our results also supported the role of Notch signaling in regulating EC proliferation and dynamic invasion of tip cells during angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shue Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xufeng Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alan Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wei Liao
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P.R. China
| | - Alice Deng
- School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guohao Dai
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Allen P. Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jianping Fu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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79
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Konen J, Summerbell E, Dwivedi B, Galior K, Hou Y, Rusnak L, Chen A, Saltz J, Zhou W, Boise LH, Vertino P, Cooper L, Salaita K, Kowalski J, Marcus AI. Image-guided genomics of phenotypically heterogeneous populations reveals vascular signalling during symbiotic collective cancer invasion. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15078. [PMID: 28497793 PMCID: PMC5437311 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity is widely observed in cancer cell populations. Here, to probe this heterogeneity, we developed an image-guided genomics technique termed spatiotemporal genomic and cellular analysis (SaGA) that allows for precise selection and amplification of living and rare cells. SaGA was used on collectively invading 3D cancer cell packs to create purified leader and follower cell lines. The leader cell cultures are phenotypically stable and highly invasive in contrast to follower cultures, which show phenotypic plasticity over time and minimally invade in a sheet-like pattern. Genomic and molecular interrogation reveals an atypical VEGF-based vasculogenesis signalling that facilitates recruitment of follower cells but not for leader cell motility itself, which instead utilizes focal adhesion kinase-fibronectin signalling. While leader cells provide an escape mechanism for followers, follower cells in turn provide leaders with increased growth and survival. These data support a symbiotic model of collective invasion where phenotypically distinct cell types cooperate to promote their escape. The mechanisms linking phenotypic heterogeneity to collective cancer invasion are unclear. Here the authors develop an image-guided genomic technique to select and amplify leader and follower cells from in vitro invading cell packs and find a cooperative symbiotic relationship between these two cell populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Konen
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - E Summerbell
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - B Dwivedi
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - K Galior
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 506 Atwood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Y Hou
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - L Rusnak
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - A Chen
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - J Saltz
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - L H Boise
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - P Vertino
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - L Cooper
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University, 36 Eagle Row, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - K Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 506 Atwood Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - J Kowalski
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - A I Marcus
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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80
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Wang S, Sun J, Xiao Y, Lu Y, Zhang DD, Wong PK. Intercellular Tension Negatively Regulates Angiogenic Sprouting of Endothelial Tip Cells via Notch1-Dll4 Signaling. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 1:1600019. [PMID: 30662935 PMCID: PMC6338428 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201600019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical force plays pivotal roles in vascular development during tissue growth and regeneration. Nevertheless, the process by which mechanical force controls the vascular architecture remains poorly understood. Using a systems bioengineering approach, we show that intercellular tension negatively regulates tip cell formation via Notch1-Dll4 signaling in mouse retinal angiogenesis in vivo, sprouting embryoid bodies, and human endothelial cell networks in vitro. Reducing the intercellular tension pharmacologically by a Rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor or physically by single cell photothermal ablation of the capillary networks promotes the expression of Dll4, enhances angiogenic sprouting of tip cells and increases the vascular density. Computational biomechanics, RNA interference, and single cell gene expression analysis reveal that a reduction of intercellular tension attenuates the inhibitory effect of Notch signaling on tip cell formation and induces angiogenic sprouting. Taken together, our results reveal a mechanoregulation scheme for the control of vascular architecture by modulating angiogenic tip cell formation via Notch1-Dll4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Wang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA
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81
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Simmons A, Burrage PM, Nicolau DV, Lakhani SR, Burrage K. Environmental factors in breast cancer invasion: a mathematical modelling review. Pathology 2017; 49:172-180. [PMID: 28081961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a brief overview of breast cancer, focussing on its heterogeneity and the role of mathematical modelling and simulation in teasing apart the underlying biophysical processes. Following a brief overview of the main known pathophysiological features of ductal carcinoma, attention is paid to differential equation-based models (both deterministic and stochastic), agent-based modelling, multi-scale modelling, lattice-based models and image-driven modelling. A number of vignettes are presented where these modelling approaches have elucidated novel aspects of breast cancer dynamics, and we conclude by offering some perspectives on the role mathematical modelling can play in understanding breast cancer development, invasion and treatment therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Simmons
- School of Mathematical Sciences, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Pamela M Burrage
- School of Mathematical Sciences, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Dan V Nicolau
- School of Mathematical Sciences, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Molecular Sense Ltd, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research and School of Medicine and Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - Kevin Burrage
- School of Mathematical Sciences, and ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology, Gardens Point, Brisbane, Qld, Australia; Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, United Kingdom.
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82
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Wang S, Sun J, Zhang DD, Wong PK. A nanobiosensor for dynamic single cell analysis during microvascular self-organization. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16894-901. [PMID: 27547924 PMCID: PMC5042875 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03907c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The formation of microvascular networks plays essential roles in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Nevertheless, the self-organization mechanisms underlying the dynamic morphogenic process are poorly understood due to a paucity of effective tools for mapping the spatiotemporal dynamics of single cell behaviors. By establishing a single cell nanobiosensor along with live cell imaging, we perform dynamic single cell analysis of the morphology, displacement, and gene expression during microvascular self-organization. Dynamic single cell analysis reveals that endothelial cells self-organize into subpopulations with specialized phenotypes to form microvascular networks and identifies the involvement of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in regulating the cell subpopulations. The cell phenotype correlates with the initial Dll4 mRNA expression level and each subpopulation displays a unique dynamic Dll4 mRNA expression profile. Pharmacological perturbations and RNA interference of Notch1-Dll4 signaling modulate the cell subpopulations and modify the morphology of the microvascular network. Taken together, a nanobiosensor enables a dynamic single cell analysis approach underscoring the importance of Notch1-Dll4 signaling in microvascular self-organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - J. Sun
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - D. D. Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - P. K. Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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83
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Regulation of endothelial migration and proliferation by ephrin-A1. Cell Signal 2016; 29:84-95. [PMID: 27742560 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial migration and proliferation are fundamental processes in angiogenesis and wound healing of injured or inflamed vessels. The present study aimed to investigate the regulation of the Eph/ephrin-system during endothelial proliferation and the impact of the ligand ephrin-A1 on proliferation and migration of human umbilical venous (HUVEC) and arterial endothelial cells (HUAEC). Endothelial cells that underwent contact inhibition showed a massive induction of ephrin-A1. In contrast, an injury to a confluent endothelial layer, associated with induction of migration and proliferation, showed reduced ephrin-A1 levels. In addition, reducing ephrin-A1 expression by siRNA led to increased proliferation, whereas the overexpression of ephrin-A1 led to decreased proliferative activity. Due to the fact that wound healing is a combination of proliferation and migration, migration was investigated in detail. First, classical wound-healing assays showed increased wound closure in both ephrin-A1 silenced and overexpressing cells. Live-cell imaging enlightened the underlying differences. Silencing of ephrin-A1 led to a faster but more disorientated migration. In contrast, ephrin-A1 overexpression did not influence velocity of the cells, but the migration was more directed in comparison to the controls. Additional analysis of EphA2-silenced cells showed similar results in terms of proliferation and migration compared to ephrin-A1 silenced cells. Detailed analysis of EphA2 phosphorylation on ligand-dependent phospho-site (Y588) and autonomous activation site (S897) revealed a distinct phosphorylation pattern. Furthermore, the endothelial cells ceased to migrate when they came in contact with an ephrin-A1 coated surface. Using a baculoviral-mediated expression system, ephrin-A1 silencing and overexpression was shown to modulate the formation of focal adhesions. This implicates that ephrin-A1 is involved in changes of the actin cytoskeleton which explains the alterations in migratory actions, at least in part. In conclusion, ephrin-A1 expression is regulated by cellular density and is itself a critical determinant of endothelial proliferation. According to current knowledge, ephrin-A1 seems to be remarkably involved in elementary processes of endothelial migration like cellular polarization, migratory direction and speed. These data support the notion that ephrin-A1 plays a pivotal role in basal mechanisms of re-endothelialization.
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84
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Dean ZS, Elias P, Jamilpour N, Utzinger U, Wong PK. Probing 3D Collective Cancer Invasion Using Double-Stranded Locked Nucleic Acid Biosensors. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8902-7. [PMID: 27529634 PMCID: PMC5488859 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and metastases are responsible for over 90% of human cancer deaths. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapeutics for suppressing cancer invasion, the initial step of metastasis. Nevertheless, the regulation of cancer invasion is poorly understood due to a paucity of tools for monitoring the invasion process in 3D microenvironments. Here, we report a double-stranded locked nucleic acid (dsLNA) biosensor for investigating 3D collective cancer invasion. By incorporating multiphoton microscopy and the dsLNA biosensor, we perform dynamic single cell gene expression analysis while simultaneously characterizing the biomechanical interaction between the invading sprouts and the extracellular matrix. Gene profiling of invasive leader cells and detached cells suggest distinctive signaling mechanisms involved in collective and individual invasion in the 3D microenvironment. Our results underscore the involvement of Notch signaling in 3D collective cancer invasion, which warrants further investigation toward antimetastasis therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Dean
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Paul Elias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Nima Jamilpour
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Urs Utzinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States,Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States,Corresponding Author: Phone: +1-814-863-5267.
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85
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Chemotaxis during neural crest migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 55:111-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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86
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Leader Cells Define Directionality of Trunk, but Not Cranial, Neural Crest Cell Migration. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2076-88. [PMID: 27210753 PMCID: PMC4893160 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective cell migration is fundamental for life and a hallmark of cancer. Neural crest (NC) cells migrate collectively, but the mechanisms governing this process remain controversial. Previous analyses in Xenopus indicate that cranial NC (CNC) cells are a homogeneous population relying on cell-cell interactions for directional migration, while chick embryo analyses suggest a heterogeneous population with leader cells instructing directionality. Our data in chick and zebrafish embryos show that CNC cells do not require leader cells for migration and all cells present similar migratory capacities. In contrast, laser ablation of trunk NC (TNC) cells shows that leader cells direct movement and cell-cell contacts are required for migration. Moreover, leader and follower identities are acquired before the initiation of migration and remain fixed thereafter. Thus, two distinct mechanisms establish the directionality of CNC cells and TNC cells. This implies the existence of multiple molecular mechanisms for collective cell migration. CNC rely on cell-cell interactions to migrate directionally Leader cells dictate directionality to followers in the trunk NC population Leader and follower identities are acquired before the initiation of migration Leader and follower identities are non-interchangeable during migration
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87
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Probing Leader Cells in Endothelial Collective Migration by Plasma Lithography Geometric Confinement. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22707. [PMID: 26936382 PMCID: PMC4776176 DOI: 10.1038/srep22707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
When blood vessels are injured, leader cells emerge in the endothelium to heal the wound and restore the vasculature integrity. The characteristics of leader cells during endothelial collective migration under diverse physiological conditions, however, are poorly understood. Here we investigate the regulation and function of endothelial leader cells by plasma lithography geometric confinement generated. Endothelial leader cells display an aggressive phenotype, connect to follower cells via peripheral actin cables and discontinuous adherens junctions, and lead migrating clusters near the leading edge. Time-lapse microscopy, immunostaining, and particle image velocimetry reveal that the density of leader cells and the speed of migrating clusters are tightly regulated in a wide range of geometric patterns. By challenging the cells with converging, diverging and competing patterns, we show that the density of leader cells correlates with the size and coherence of the migrating clusters. Collectively, our data provide evidence that leader cells control endothelial collective migration by regualting the migrating clusters.
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88
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Controlled microfluidics to examine growth-factor induced migration of neural progenitors in the Drosophila visual system. J Neurosci Methods 2015; 262:32-40. [PMID: 26738658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developing visual system in Drosophila melanogaster provides an excellent model with which to examine the effects of changing microenvironments on neural cell migration via microfluidics, because the combined experimental system enables direct genetic manipulation, in vivo observation, and in vitro imaging of cells, post-embryo. Exogenous signaling from ligands such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) is well-known to control glia differentiation, cell migration, and axonal wrapping central to vision. NEW METHOD The current study employs a microfluidic device to examine how controlled concentration gradient fields of FGF are able to regulate the migration of vision-critical glia cells with and without cellular contact with neuronal progenitors. RESULTS Our findings quantitatively illustrate a concentration-gradient dependent chemotaxis toward FGF, and further demonstrate that glia require collective and coordinated neuronal locomotion to achieve directionality, sustain motility, and propagate long cell distances in the visual system. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Conventional assays are unable to examine concentration- and gradient-dependent migration. Our data illustrate quantitative correlations between ligand concentration/gradient and glial cell distance traveled, independent or in contact with neurons. CONCLUSIONS Microfluidic systems in combination with a genetically-amenable experimental system empowers researchers to dissect the signaling pathways that underlie cellular migration during nervous system development. Our findings illustrate the need for coordinated neuron-glia migration in the Drosophila visual system, as only glia within heterogeneous populations exhibited increasing motility along distances that increased with increasing FGF concentration. Such coordinated migration and chemotactic dependence can be manipulated for potential therapeutic avenues for NS repair and/or disease treatment.
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89
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Sharma Y, Vargas DA, Pegoraro AF, Lepzelter D, Weitz DA, Zaman MH. Collective motion of mammalian cell cohorts in 3D. Integr Biol (Camb) 2015; 7:1526-33. [PMID: 26549557 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00208g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Collective cell migration is ubiquitous in biology, from development to cancer; it occurs in complex systems comprised of heterogeneous cell types, signals and matrices, and requires large scale regulation in space and time. Understanding how cells achieve organized collective motility is crucial to addressing cellular and tissue function and disease progression. While current two-dimensional model systems recapitulate the dynamic properties of collective cell migration, quantitative three-dimensional equivalent model systems have proved elusive. To establish such a model system, we study cell collectives by tracking individuals within cell cohorts embedded in three dimensional collagen scaffolding. We develop a custom algorithm to quantify the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of motion in cell cohorts during motility events. In the absence of external driving agents, we show that these cohorts rotate in short bursts, <2 hours, and translate for up to 6 hours. We observe, track, and analyze three dimensional motion of cell cohorts composed of 3-31 cells, and pave a path toward understanding cell collectives in 3D as a complex emergent system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasha Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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90
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Wang S, Riahi R, Li N, Zhang DD, Wong PK. Single cell nanobiosensors for dynamic gene expression profiling in native tissue microenvironments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6034-6038. [PMID: 26314800 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A gold nanorod-locked nucleic acid nano-biosensor for dynamic single-cell gene expression analysis in living cells and tissues is developed. The nanoparticle facilitates endocytic delivery and dynamic monitoring of the gene expression in human umbilical cord endothelial cells, mouse skin tissues, mouse retina tissues, and mouse cornea tissues at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shue Wang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Reza Riahi
- Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Pak Kin Wong
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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91
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Collective cell migration: guidance principles and hierarchies. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:556-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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