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Kang SO, Min KH, Kim HJ, Kim TH, Kim W, Lee KE. The role of leukotriene modifying agent treatment in neuropsychiatric events of elderly asthma patients: a nested case control study. Asthma Res Pract 2021; 7:4. [PMID: 33731203 PMCID: PMC7972201 DOI: 10.1186/s40733-021-00070-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In March 2020, the US Food and Drug Administration decided that the dangers related to neuropsychiatric events (NPEs) of montelukast, one of the leukotriene modifying agents (LTMAs), should be communicated through ‘boxed warning’. In case of NPEs, the prevalence has been the highest in elderly people. Because the characteristics of the elderly such as old age itself can act as risk factors. Therefore, an investigation on safety of LTMAs related to NPEs in elderly using LTMAs is needed. Method A nested case-control study using an elderly sample cohort from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was used. The asthma cohort included asthma patients newly diagnosed between 2003 and 2013. Within the asthma cohort, the case group was defined as patients who were diagnosed with NPEs. Among patients who had never been diagnosed with NPEs, the control group was selected by matching 1:1 by propensity score. Patients who were prescribed LTMAs for 1 year prior to index date were defined as the exposure group. The logistic regression model was used to measure the effect of LTMAs on NPEs. Results We identified 141,165 patients with newly diagnosed asthma, and selected 31,992 patients per each case and control group. Exposure to LTMAs significantly increased the risk of overall NPEs about in comparison with the absence of exposure (crude odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% CI 1.50–1.68). After adjusting for confounding factors, the overall NPEs risk increased (adjusted OR, 1.67, 95% CI 1.58–1.78). Conclusion This study suggests that elderly asthma patients prescribed LTMAs had a higher risk of NPEs than patients who were not treated with LTMAs. Therefore, clinicians should be aware of the potential risks of LTMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Oh Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28160, Republic of Korea.
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Michael J, Zirknitzer J, Unger MS, Poupardin R, Rieß T, Paiement N, Zerbe H, Hutter-Paier B, Reitsamer H, Aigner L. The Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Affects Cognition in Transgenic 5xFAD Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052782. [PMID: 33803482 PMCID: PMC7967180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. In particular, neuroinflammation, mediated by microglia cells but also through CD8+ T-cells, actively contributes to disease pathology. Leukotrienes are involved in neuroinflammation and in the pathological hallmarks of AD. In consequence, leukotriene signaling—more specifically, the leukotriene receptors—has been recognized as a potential drug target to ameliorate AD pathology. Here, we analyzed the effects of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast (MTK) on hippocampal gene expression in 5xFAD mice, a commonly used transgenic AD mouse model. We identified glial activation and neuroinflammation as the main pathways modulated by MTK. The treatment increased the number of Tmem119+ microglia and downregulated genes related to AD-associated microglia and to lipid droplet-accumulating microglia, suggesting that the MTK treatment targets and modulates microglia phenotypes in the disease model compared to the vehicle. MTK treatment further reduced infiltration of CD8+T-cells into the brain parenchyma. Finally, MTK treatment resulted in improved cognitive functions. In summary, we provide a proof of concept for MTK to be a potential drug candidate for AD and provide novel modes of action via modulation of microglia and CD8+ T-cells. Of note, 5xFAD females showed a more severe pathology, and in consequence, MTK treatment had a more pronounced effect in the females compared to the males. The effects on neuroinflammation, i.e., microglia and CD8+ T-cells, as well as the effects on cognitive outcome, were dose-dependent, therefore arguing for the use of higher doses of MTK in AD clinical trials compared to the approved asthma dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Michael
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.M.); (J.Z.); (M.S.U.); (T.R.)
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Julia Zirknitzer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.M.); (J.Z.); (M.S.U.); (T.R.)
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Michael Stefan Unger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.M.); (J.Z.); (M.S.U.); (T.R.)
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Rodolphe Poupardin
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Tanja Rieß
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.M.); (J.Z.); (M.S.U.); (T.R.)
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Nadine Paiement
- IntelgenX Corp., Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1Y2, Canada; (N.P.); (H.Z.)
| | - Horst Zerbe
- IntelgenX Corp., Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1Y2, Canada; (N.P.); (H.Z.)
| | | | - Herbert Reitsamer
- Research Program for Experimental Ophthalmology, Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, University Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.M.); (J.Z.); (M.S.U.); (T.R.)
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Austrian Cluster of Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-(0)6-6224-2080-800; Fax: +43-(0)6-62-2420-80809
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Han B, Zhang YY, Ye ZQ, Xiao Y, Rasouli J, Wu WC, Ye SM, Guo XY, Zhu L, Rostami A, Wang LB, Zhang Y, Li X. Montelukast alleviates inflammation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by altering Th17 differentiation in a mouse model. Immunology 2021; 163:185-200. [PMID: 33480040 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist that is known to prevent allergic rhinitis and asthma. Blocking the Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor (CysLTR1), one of the primary receptors of leukotrienes, has been demonstrated to be efficacious in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), through disrupting chemotaxis of infiltrating T cells. However, the role of CysLTR1 in the pathogenesis of MS is not well understood. Here, we show that MS patients had higher expression of CysLTR1 in the circulation and central nervous system (CNS). The majority of CD4+ T cells expressed CysLTR1 in MS lesions. Among T-cell subsets, Th17 cells had the highest expression of CysLTR1, and blocking CysLTR1 signalling abrogated their development in vitro. Inhibition of CysLTR1 by montelukast suppressed EAE development in both a prophylactic and therapeutic manner and inhibited myelin loss in EAE mice. Similarly, the in vivo results showed that montelukast inhibited Th17 response in EAE mice and that Th17 cells treated with montelukast had reduced encephalitogenic in adoptive EAE. Our findings strongly suggest that targeting Th17 response by inhibiting CysLTR1 signalling could be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MS and CNS inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-Qing Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Javad Rasouli
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Cheng Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Su-Min Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin-Yue Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Li-Bin Wang
- The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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Wang B, Wu L, Chen J, Dong L, Chen C, Wen Z, Hu J, Fleming I, Wang DW. Metabolism pathways of arachidonic acids: mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:94. [PMID: 33637672 PMCID: PMC7910446 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 420] [Impact Index Per Article: 140.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid (AA) pathway plays a key role in cardiovascular biology, carcinogenesis, and many inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, arthritis, etc. Esterified AA on the inner surface of the cell membrane is hydrolyzed to its free form by phospholipase A2 (PLA2), which is in turn further metabolized by cyclooxygenases (COXs) and lipoxygenases (LOXs) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes to a spectrum of bioactive mediators that includes prostanoids, leukotrienes (LTs), epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (diHETEs), eicosatetraenoic acids (ETEs), and lipoxins (LXs). Many of the latter mediators are considered to be novel preventive and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancers, and inflammatory diseases. This review sets out to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological importance of the AA metabolizing pathways and outline the molecular mechanisms underlying the actions of AA related to its three main metabolic pathways in CVD and cancer progression will provide valuable insight for developing new therapeutic drugs for CVD and anti-cancer agents such as inhibitors of EETs or 2J2. Thus, we herein present a synopsis of AA metabolism in human health, cardiovascular and cancer biology, and the signaling pathways involved in these processes. To explore the role of the AA metabolism and potential therapies, we also introduce the current newly clinical studies targeting AA metabolisms in the different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Gene Therapy Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.
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Chen F, Fang S, Du Y, Ghosh A, Reed MN, Long Y, Suppiramaniam V, Tang S, Hong H. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated CysLT1R deletion reverses synaptic failure, amyloidosis and cognitive impairment in APP/PS1 mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6634-6661. [PMID: 33591941 PMCID: PMC7993729 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
As a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyloid-β (Aβ) is regarded as a causative factor for cognitive impairment. Extensive studies have found Aβ induces a series of pathophysiological responses, finally leading to memory loss in AD. Our previous results demonstrated that cysteinyl leukotrienes receptor 1 (CysLT1R) antagonists improved exogenous Aβ-induced memory impairment. But the role of CysLT1R in AD and its underlying mechanisms still remain elusive. In this study, we investigated CysLT1R levels in AD patients and APP/PS1 mice. We also generated APP/PS1-CysLT1R-/- mice by clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated CysLT1R deletion in APP/PS1 mice and studied the effect of CysLT1R knockout on amyloidogenesis, synapse structure and plasticity, cognition, neuroinflammation, and kynurenine pathway. These attributes were also studied after lentivirus-mediated knockdown of CysLT1R gene in APP/PS1 mice. We found that CysLT1R knockout or knockdown could conserve synaptic structure and plasticity, and improve cognition in APP/PS1 mice. These effects were associated with concurrent decreases in amyloid processing, reduced neuroinflammation and suppression of the kynurenine pathway. Our study demonstrates that CysLT1R deficiency can mediate several beneficial effects against AD pathogenesis, and genetic/pharmacological ablation of this protein could be a potential therapeutic option for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shunchang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miranda N. Reed
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Yan Long
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Vishnu Suppiramaniam
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Susu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Daubner J, Arshaad MI, Henseler C, Hescheler J, Ehninger D, Broich K, Rawashdeh O, Papazoglou A, Weiergräber M. Pharmacological Neuroenhancement: Current Aspects of Categorization, Epidemiology, Pharmacology, Drug Development, Ethics, and Future Perspectives. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:8823383. [PMID: 33519929 PMCID: PMC7817276 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8823383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent pharmacoepidemiologic studies suggest that pharmacological neuroenhancement (pNE) and mood enhancement are globally expanding phenomena with distinctly different regional characteristics. Sociocultural and regulatory aspects, as well as health policies, play a central role in addition to medical care and prescription practices. The users mainly display self-involved motivations related to cognitive enhancement, emotional stability, and adaptivity. Natural stimulants, as well as drugs, represent substance abuse groups. The latter comprise purines, methylxanthines, phenylethylamines, modafinil, nootropics, antidepressants but also benzodiazepines, β-adrenoceptor antagonists, and cannabis. Predominant pharmacodynamic target structures of these substances are the noradrenergic/dopaminergic and cholinergic receptor/transporter systems. Further targets comprise adenosine, serotonin, and glutamate receptors. Meta-analyses of randomized-controlled studies in healthy individuals show no or very limited verifiability of positive effects of pNE on attention, vigilance, learning, and memory. Only some members of the substance abuse groups, i.e., phenylethylamines and modafinil, display positive effects on attention and vigilance that are comparable to caffeinated drinks. However, the development of new antidementia drugs will increase the availability and the potential abuse of pNE. Social education, restrictive regulatory measures, and consistent medical prescription practices are essential to restrict the phenomenon of neuroenhancement with its social, medical, and ethical implications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the highly dynamic field of pharmacological neuroenhancement and elaborates the dramatic challenges for the medical, sociocultural, and ethical fundaments of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Daubner
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Muhammad Imran Arshaad
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Henseler
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hescheler
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Robert-Koch-Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dan Ehninger
- Molecular and Cellular Cognition, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen, DZNE), Sigmund-Freud-Str. 27, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Broich
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anna Papazoglou
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (Bundesinstitut für Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte, BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
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Regulska M, Szuster-Głuszczak M, Trojan E, Leśkiewicz M, Basta-Kaim A. The Emerging Role of the Double-Edged Impact of Arachidonic Acid- Derived Eicosanoids in the Neuroinflammatory Background of Depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:278-293. [PMID: 32851950 PMCID: PMC8033972 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200807144530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eicosanoids are arachidonic acid (AA) derivatives belonging to a family of lipid signalling mediators that are engaged in both physiological and pathological processes in the brain. Recently, their implication in the prolonged inflammatory response has become a focus of particular interest because, in contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammatory processes within the central nervous system (CNS) are crucial for the development of brain pathologies including depression. The synthesis of eicosanoids is catalysed primarily by cyclooxygenases (COX), which are involved in the production of pro-inflammatory AA metabolites, including prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Moreover, eicosanoid synthesis is catalysed by lipoxygenases (LOXs), which generate both leukotrienes and anti-inflammatory derivatives such as lipoxins. Thus, AA metabolites have double- edged pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving properties, and an imbalance between these metabolites has been proposed as a contributor or even the basis for chronic neuroinflammatory effects. This review focuses on important evidence regarding eicosanoid-related pathways (with special emphasis on prostaglandins and lipoxins) that has added a new layer of complexity to the idea of targeting the double-edged AA-derivative pathways for therapeutic benefits in depression. We also sought to explore future research directions that can support a pro-resolving response to control the balance between eicosanoids and thus to reduce the chronic neuroinflammation that underlies at least a portion of depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Regulska
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Szuster-Głuszczak
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Trojan
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna St, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
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Michael J, Bessa de Sousa D, Conway J, Gonzalez-Labrada E, Obeid R, Tevini J, Felder T, Hutter-Paier B, Zerbe H, Paiement N, Aigner L. Improved Bioavailability of Montelukast through a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Film in Humans and Mice. Pharmaceutics 2020; 13:E12. [PMID: 33374646 PMCID: PMC7822410 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukotriene receptor antagonist Montelukast (MTK) is an approved medication for the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. The existing marketed tablet forms of MTK exhibit inconsistent uptake and bioavailability, which partially explains the presence of a significant proportion of MTK low- and non-responders in the population. Besides that, tablets are suboptimal formulations for patients suffering from dysphagia, for example, seen in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, a disease with increasing interest in repurposing of MTK. This, and the need for an improved bioavailability, triggered us to reformulate MTK. Our aim was to develop a mucoadhesive MTK film with good safety and improved pharmacological features, i.e., an improved bioavailability profile in humans as well as in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. We tested dissolution of the MTK mucoadhesive film and assessed pharmacoexposure and kinetics after acute and chronic oral application in mice. Furthermore, we performed a Phase I analysis in humans, which included a comparison with the marketed tablet form as well as a quantitative analysis of the MTK levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. The novel MTK film demonstrated significantly improved bioavailability compared to the marketed tablet in the clinical Phase 1a study. Furthermore, there were measurable amounts of MTK present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In mice, MTK was detected in serum and CSF after acute and chronic exposure in a dose-dependent manner. The mucoadhesive film of MTK represents a promising alternative for the tablet delivery. The oral film might lower the non-responder rate in patients with asthma and might be an interesting product for repurposing of MTK in other diseases. As we demonstrate Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB) penetrance in a preclinical model, as well as in a clinical study, the oral film of MTK might find its use as a therapeutic for acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as dementias and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Michael
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.M.); (D.B.d.S.)
| | - Diana Bessa de Sousa
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.M.); (D.B.d.S.)
| | - Justin Conway
- IntelgenX Corp., Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1Y2, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.-L.); (R.O.); (H.Z.)
| | | | - Rodolphe Obeid
- IntelgenX Corp., Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1Y2, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.-L.); (R.O.); (H.Z.)
| | - Julia Tevini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.T.); (T.F.)
| | - Thomas Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.T.); (T.F.)
| | | | - Horst Zerbe
- IntelgenX Corp., Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1Y2, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.-L.); (R.O.); (H.Z.)
| | - Nadine Paiement
- IntelgenX Corp., Saint-Laurent, QC H4S 1Y2, Canada; (J.C.); (E.G.-L.); (R.O.); (H.Z.)
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.M.); (D.B.d.S.)
- QPS Neuropharmacology, 8074 Grambach/Graz, Austria;
- Austrian Cluster of Tissue Regeneration Affiliation, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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59
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Aigner L, Pietrantonio F, Bessa de Sousa DM, Michael J, Schuster D, Reitsamer HA, Zerbe H, Studnicka M. The Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast as a Potential COVID-19 Therapeutic. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:610132. [PMID: 33392263 PMCID: PMC7773944 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.610132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and global impact of COVID-19 has focused the scientific and medical community on the pivotal influential role of respiratory viruses as causes of severe pneumonia, on the understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms, and on potential treatment for COVID-19. The latter concentrates on four different strategies: (i) antiviral treatments to limit the entry of the virus into the cell and its propagation, (ii) anti-inflammatory treatment to reduce the impact of COVID-19 associated inflammation and cytokine storm, (iii) treatment using cardiovascular medication to reduce COVID-19 associated thrombosis and vascular damage, and (iv) treatment to reduce the COVID-19 associated lung injury. Ideally, effective COVID-19 treatment should target as many of these mechanisms as possible arguing for the search of common denominators as potential drug targets. Leukotrienes and their receptors qualify as such targets: they are lipid mediators of inflammation and tissue damage and well-established targets in respiratory diseases like asthma. Besides their role in inflammation, they are involved in various other aspects of lung pathologies like vascular damage, thrombosis, and fibrotic response, in brain and retinal damages, and in cardiovascular disease. In consequence, leukotriene receptor antagonists might be potential candidates for COVID-19 therapeutics. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the potential involvement of leukotrienes in COVID-19, and the rational for the use of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast as a COVID-19 therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Diana Marisa Bessa de Sousa
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johanna Michael
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Herbert Anton Reitsamer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, University Clinic Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Research Program of Experimental Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Research, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Michael Studnicka
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Clinic Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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60
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Rybtsova N, Berezina T, Kagansky A, Rybtsov S. Can Blood-Circulating Factors Unveil and Delay Your Biological Aging? Biomedicines 2020; 8:E615. [PMID: 33333870 PMCID: PMC7765271 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, the population of over 60 will double in the next 30 years in the developed countries, which will enforce a further raise of the retirement age and increase the burden on the healthcare system. Therefore, there is an acute issue of maintaining health and prolonging active working longevity, as well as implementation of early monitoring and prevention of premature aging and age-related disorders to avoid early disability. Traditional indicators of biological age are not always informative and often require extensive and expensive analysis. The study of blood factors is a simple and easily accessible way to assess individual health and supplement the traditional indicators of a person's biological age with new objective criteria. With age, the processes of growth and development, tissue regeneration and repair decline; they are gradually replaced by enhanced catabolism, inflammatory cell activity, and insulin resistance. The number of senescent cells supporting the inflammatory loop rises; cellular clearance by autophagy and mitophagy slows down, resulting in mitochondrial and cellular damage and dysfunction. Monitoring of circulated blood factors not only reflects these processes, but also allows suggesting medical intervention to prevent or decelerate the development of age-related diseases. We review the age-related blood factors discussed in recent publications, as well as approaches to slowing aging for healthy and active longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Rybtsova
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
| | - Tatiana Berezina
- Department of Scientific Basis of Extreme Psychology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, 127051 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Centre for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Stanislav Rybtsov
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK;
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61
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Tissue-Specific Ferritin- and GFP-Based Genetic Vectors Visualize Neurons by MRI in the Intact and Post-Ischemic Rat Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238951. [PMID: 33255702 PMCID: PMC7728074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Neurogenesis is considered to be a potential brain repair mechanism and is enhanced in stroke. It is difficult to reconstruct the neurogenesis process only from the histological sections taken from different animals at different stages of brain damage and restoration. Study of neurogenesis would greatly benefit from development of tissue-specific visualization probes. (2) Purpose: The study aimed to explore if overexpression of ferritin, a nontoxic iron-binding protein, under a doublecortin promoter can be used for non-invasive visualization of neurogenesis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). (3) Methods: Ferritin heavy chain (FerrH) was expressed in the adeno-associated viral backbone (AAV) under the doublecortin promoter (pDCX), specific for young neurons, in the viral construct AAV-pDCX-FerrH. Expression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) was used as an expression control (AAV-pDCX-eGFP). The viral vectors or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were injected intracerebrally into 18 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Three days before injection, rats underwent transient middle-cerebral-artery occlusion or sham operation. Animals were subjected to In vivo MRI study before surgery and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injection using a Bruker BioSpec 11.7 T scanner. Brain sections obtained on day 28 after injection were immunostained for ferritin, young (DCX) and mature (NeuN) neurons, and activated microglia/macrophages (CD68). Additionally, RT-PCR was performed to confirm ferritin expression. (4) Results: T2* images in post-ischemic brains of animals injected with AAV-pDCX-FerrH showed two distinct zones of MRI signal hypointensity in the ipsilesioned hemisphere starting from 14 days after viral injection—in the ischemic lesion and near the lateral ventricle and subventricular zone (SVZ). In sham-operated animals, only one zone of hypointensity near the lateral ventricle and SVZ was revealed. Immunochemistry showed that ferritin-expressing cells in ischemic lesions were macrophages (88.1%), while ferritin-expressing cells near the lateral ventricle in animals both after ischemia and sham operation were mostly mature (55.7% and 61.8%, respectively) and young (30.6% and 7.1%, respectively) neurons. RT-PCR confirmed upregulated expression of ferritin in the caudoputamen and corpus callosum. Surprisingly, in animals injected with AAV-pDCX-eGFP we similarly observed two zones of hypointensity on T2* images. Cellular studies also showed the presence of mature (81.5%) and young neurons (6.1%) near the lateral ventricle in both postischemic and sham-operated animals, while macrophages in ischemic lesions were ferritin-positive (98.2%). (5) Conclusion: Ferritin overexpression induced by injection of AAV-pDCX-FerrH was detected by MRI using T2*-weighted images, which was confirmed by immunochemistry showing ferritin in young and mature neurons. Expression of eGFP also caused a comparable reduced MR signal intensity in T2*-weighted images. Additional studies are needed to investigate the potential and tissue-specific features of the use of eGFP and ferritin expression in MRI studies.
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Mehdipour M, Mehdipour T, Skinner CM, Wong N, Liu C, Chen CC, Jeon OH, Zuo Y, Conboy MJ, Conboy IM. Plasma dilution improves cognition and attenuates neuroinflammation in old mice. GeroScience 2020; 43:1-18. [PMID: 33191466 PMCID: PMC8050203 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00297-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our recent study has established that young blood factors are not causal, nor necessary, for the systemic rejuvenation of mammalian tissues. Instead, a procedure referred to as neutral blood exchange (NBE) that resets signaling milieu to a pro-regenerative state through dilution of old plasma, enhanced the health and repair of the muscle and liver, and promoted better hippocampal neurogenesis in 2-year-old mice (Mehdipour et al., Aging 12:8790–8819, 2020). Here we expand the rejuvenative phenotypes of NBE, focusing on the brain. Namely, our results demonstrate that old mice perform much better in novel object and novel texture (whisker discrimination) tests after a single NBE, which is accompanied by reduced neuroinflammation (less-activated CD68+ microglia). Evidence against attenuation/dilution of peripheral senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) as the main mechanism behind NBE was that the senolytic ABT 263 had limited effects on neuroinflammation and did not enhance hippocampal neurogenesis in the old mice. Interestingly, peripherally acting ABT 263 and NBE both diminished SA-βGal signal in the old brain, demonstrating that peripheral senescence propagates to the brain, but NBE was more robustly rejuvenative than ABT 263, suggesting that rejuvenation was not simply by reducing senescence. Explaining the mechanism of the positive effects of NBE on the brain, our comparative proteomics analysis demonstrated that dilution of old blood plasma yields an increase in the determinants of brain maintenance and repair in mice and in people. These findings confirm the paradigm of rejuvenation through dilution of age-elevated systemic factors and extrapolate it to brain health and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melod Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Taha Mehdipour
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Colin M Skinner
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nathan Wong
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Chien Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and QB3, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Ok Hee Jeon
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and QB3, UCSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Irina M Conboy
- Department of Bioengineering and QB3, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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63
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Wang J, He X, Meng H, Li Y, Dmitriev P, Tian F, Page JC, Lu QR, He Z. Robust Myelination of Regenerated Axons Induced by Combined Manipulations of GPR17 and Microglia. Neuron 2020; 108:876-886.e4. [PMID: 33108748 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myelination facilitates rapid axonal conduction, enabling efficient communication across different parts of the nervous system. Here we examined mechanisms controlling myelination after injury and during axon regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Previously, we discovered multiple molecular pathways and strategies that could promote robust axon regrowth after optic nerve injury. However, regenerated axons remain unmyelinated, and the underlying mechanisms are elusive. In this study, we found that, in injured optic nerves, oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) undergo transient proliferation but fail to differentiate into mature myelination-competent oligodendrocytes, reminiscent of what is observed in human progressive multiple sclerosis. Mechanistically, we showed that OPC-intrinsic GPR17 signaling and sustained activation of microglia inhibit different stages of OPC differentiation. Importantly, co-manipulation of GPR17 and microglia led to extensive myelination of regenerated axons. The regulatory mechanisms of stage-dependent OPC differentiation uncovered here suggest a translatable strategy for efficient de novo myelination after CNS injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xuelian He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Huyan Meng
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi Li
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Phillip Dmitriev
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Feng Tian
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica C Page
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Q Richard Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Brain Tumor Center, Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Zhigang He
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, and Department of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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64
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Grinde B, Schirmer H, Eggen AE, Aigner L, Engdahl B. A possible effect of montelukast on neurological aging examined by the use of register data. Int J Clin Pharm 2020; 43:541-548. [PMID: 33034810 PMCID: PMC8214582 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01160-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast has been shown to rejuvenate aged brains in rats; however, data on humans are still scarce. Objective To investigate if montelukast may alleviate degenerative neurological changes using a register data. Setting Norwegian registry data analyses. Method The present observational study was based on data from the Norwegian Prescription Database and the Tromsø Study. The former has information regarding the use of prescription medicine; the latter includes tests for brain function such as subjective memory and finger-tapping. Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to see how the use of various medications correlated with the test results, correcting for likely confounders. Main outcome measure Results on seven different tests considered relevant for neurological health were used as outcome. Results Previous use of montelukast correlated with improved scores on cognitive or neurological functioning (F = 2.20, p = 0.03 in a multivariate test). A range of other medications were tested with the same algorithm, including drugs acting on the immune system, but none of them correlated with (overall) significantly improved test results. Conclusion The present data suggest that montelukast may alleviate degenerative neurological changes associated with human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørn Grinde
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Henrik Schirmer
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Anne Elise Eggen
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bo Engdahl
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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65
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Barré J, Sabatier JM, Annweiler C. Montelukast Drug May Improve COVID-19 Prognosis: A Review of Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1344. [PMID: 33013375 PMCID: PMC7500361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the lack of effective therapy, chemoprevention and vaccination, focusing on the immediate repurposing of existing drugs gives hope of curbing the pandemic. Interestingly, montelukast, a drug usually used in asthma, may be proposed as a potential adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. The aim of the present article was to review the properties of montelukast that could be beneficial in COVID-19. Ten experimentally supported properties were retrieved, either related to SARS-CoV-2 (antiviral properties, prevention of endotheliitis and of neurological disorders linked to SARS-CoV-2), and/or related to the host (improvement of atherogenic vascular inflammation, limitation of the ischemia/reperfusion phenomenon, improvement of respiratory symptoms), and/or related to serious COVID-19 outcomes (limitation of the cytokine storm, mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome), and/or related to tissue sequelae (antioxidant properties, anti-fibrosis effects). Based on gathered theoretical evidence, we argue that montelukast should be further tested to prevent and treat COVID-19 outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Barré
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Aix-Marseille University, Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, UMR 7051, Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Annweiler
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and Memory Clinic, Research Center on Autonomy and Longevity, University Hospital, Angers, France.,UPRES EA 4638, Université d'Angers, Angers, France.,Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Robarts Research Institute, the University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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66
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Michael J, Unger MS, Poupardin R, Schernthaner P, Mrowetz H, Attems J, Aigner L. Microglia depletion diminishes key elements of the leukotriene pathway in the brain of Alzheimer's Disease mice. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:129. [PMID: 32771067 PMCID: PMC7414992 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-00989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) contribute to the neuropathology of chronic neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), where they mediate neuroinflammation and neuronal cell-death. In consequence, blocking the action of Leukotrienes (LTs) ameliorates pathologies and improves cognitive function in animal models of neurodegeneration. Surprisingly, the source of Leukotrienes (LTs) in the brain is largely unknown. Here, we identified the Leukotriene (LT) synthesis rate-limiting enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) primarily in neurons and to a lesser extent in a subpopulation of microglia in human Alzheimer´s Disease (AD) hippocampus brain sections and in brains of APP Swedish PS1 dE9 (APP-PS1) mice, a transgenic model for Alzheimer´s Disease (AD) pathology. The 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) activating protein (FLAP), which anchors 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) to the membrane and mediates the contact to the substrate arachidonic acid, was confined exclusively to microglia with the entire microglia population expressing 5-Lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP). To define the contribution of microglia in the Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis pathway, we ablated microglia using the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor PLX5622 in wildtype (WT) and APP-PS1 mice. Microglia ablation not only diminished the expression of FLAP and of the Leukotriene (LT) receptor Cysteinylleukotriene receptor 1 (CysLTR1), as expected based on their microglia cell type-specific expression, but also drastically reduced 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) mRNA expression in the brain and its protein expression in neurons, in particular in wildtype (WT) mice. In conclusion i) microglia are key in Leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis, and ii) they regulate neuronal 5-Lipoxygenase (5-Lox) expression implying a yet unknown signaling mechanism between neurons and microglia.
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67
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Chen F, Ghosh A, Lin J, Zhang C, Pan Y, Thakur A, Singh K, Hong H, Tang S. 5-lipoxygenase pathway and its downstream cysteinyl leukotrienes as potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease. Brain Behav Immun 2020; 88:844-855. [PMID: 32222525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
5-lipoxygenase (ALOX5) is an enzyme involved in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism, a metabolic pathway in which cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are the resultant metabolites. Both ALOX5 and CysLTs are clinically significant in a number of inflammatory diseases, such as in asthma and allergic rhinitis, and drugs antagonizing the effect of these molecules have long been successfully used to counter these diseases. Interestingly, recent advances in 'neuroinflammation' research has led to the discovery of several novel inflammatory pathways regulating many cerebral pathologies, including the ALOX5 pathway. By means of pharmacological and genetic studies, both ALOX5 and CysLTs receptors have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative/neurological diseases, such as in Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. In both transgenic and sporadic models of AD, it has been shown that the levels of ALOX5/CysLTs are elevated, and that genetic/pharmacological interventions of these molecules can alleviate AD-related behavioral and pathological conditions. Clinical relevance of these molecules has also been found in AD brain samples. In this review, we aim to summarize such important findings on the role of ALOX5/CysLTs in AD pathophysiology, from both the cellular and the molecular aspects, and also discuss the potential of their blockers as possible therapeutic choices to curb AD-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingran Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunteng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China; Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yining Pan
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kunal Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Hao Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Susu Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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Rabinovitch N, Jones MJ, Gladish N, Faino AV, Strand M, Morin AM, MacIsaac J, Lin DTS, Reynolds PR, Singh A, Gelfand EW, Kobor MS, Carlsten C. Methylation of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 genes associates with lung function in asthmatics exposed to traffic-related air pollution. Epigenetics 2020; 16:177-185. [PMID: 32657253 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1790802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with early declines in lung function and increased levels of asthma-related cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) but a biological pathway linking this rapid response has not been delineated. In this randomized controlled diesel exhaust (DE) challenge study of 16 adult asthmatics, increased exposure-attributable urinary leukotriene E4 (uLTE4, a biomarker of cysteinyl leukotriene production) was correlated (p = 0.04) with declines in forced expiratory volume in 1-second (FEV1) within 6 hours of exposure. Exposure-attributable uLTE4 increases were correlated (p = 0.02) with increased CysLT receptor 1 (CysLTR1) methylation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells which, in turn, was marginally correlated (p = 0.06) with decreased CysLTR1 expression. Decreased CysLTR1 expression was, in turn, correlated (p = 0.0007) with FEV1 declines. During the same time period, increased methylation of GPR17 (a negative regulator of CysLTR1) was observed after DE exposure (p = 0.02); this methylation increase was correlated (p = 0.001) with decreased CysLTR1 methylation which, in turn, was marginally correlated (p = 0.06) with increased CysLTR1 expression; increased CysLTR1 expression was correlated (p = 0.0007) with FEV1 increases. Collectively, these data delineate a potential mechanistic pathway linking increased DE exposure-attributable CysLT levels to lung function declines through changes in CysLTR1-related methylation and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Rabinovitch
- Department of Pediatrics P: 303-398-1992, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia/British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Meaghan J Jones
- Department of Medical Genetics P: 604-875-3194, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia/British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicole Gladish
- Department of Medical Genetics P: 604-875-3194, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia/British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna V Faino
- Biostatistics Program P: 206-667-4995, Public Health Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew Strand
- Department of Medicine P: 303-398-1862, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alexander M Morin
- Department of Medical Genetics P: 604-875-3194, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia/British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julie MacIsaac
- Department of Medical Genetics P: 604-875-3194, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia/British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David T S Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics P: 604-875-3194, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia/British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul R Reynolds
- Department of Medicine P: 303-398-1862, National Jewish Health , Denver, CO, USA
| | - Amrit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine P: 604-764-5827, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Erwin W Gelfand
- Department of Pediatrics P: 303-398-1992, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia/British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics P: 604-875-3194, Center for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia/British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute , Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Christopher Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, P: 604-875-4729, University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Marschallinger J, Altendorfer B, Rockenstein E, Holztrattner M, Garnweidner-Raith J, Pillichshammer N, Leister I, Hutter-Paier B, Strempfl K, Unger MS, Chishty M, Felder T, Johnson M, Attems J, Masliah E, Aigner L. The Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist Montelukast Reduces Alpha-Synuclein Load and Restores Memory in an Animal Model of Dementia with Lewy Bodies. Neurotherapeutics 2020; 17:1061-1074. [PMID: 32072462 PMCID: PMC7609773 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-020-00836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) represents a huge medical need as it accounts for up to 30% of all dementia cases, and there is no cure available. The underyling spectrum of pathology is complex and creates a challenge for targeted molecular therapies. We here tested the hypothesis that leukotrienes are involved in the pathology of DLB and that blocking leukotrienes through Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist and approved anti-asthmatic drug, might alleviate pathology and restore cognitive functions. Expression of 5-lipoxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme for leukotriene production, was indeed elevated in brains with DLB. Treatment of cognitively deficient human alpha-synuclein overexpressing transgenic mice with Montelukast restored memory. Montelukast treatment resulted in modulation of beclin-1 expression, a marker for autophagy, and in a reduction in the human alpha-synulcein load in the transgenic mice. Reducing the protein aggregation load in neurodegenerative diseases might be a novel model of action of Montelukast. Moreover, this work presents leukotriene signaling as a potential drug target for DLB and shows that Montelukast might be a promising drug candidate for future DLB therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Marschallinger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Barbara Altendorfer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Edward Rockenstein
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Miriam Holztrattner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Garnweidner-Raith
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nadine Pillichshammer
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Iris Leister
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Katharina Strempfl
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- QPS Austria GmbH, Neuropharmacology, Grambach, Austria
| | - Michael S Unger
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Felder
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mary Johnson
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eliezer Masliah
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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Tseng YT, Cox TM, Grant GD, Arora D, Hall S, McFarland AJ, Ekberg J, Rudrawar S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. In vitro cytotoxicity of montelukast in HAPI and SH-SY5Y cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 326:109134. [PMID: 32464120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) receptor antagonist with efficacy against a variety of diseases, including asthma and inflammation-related conditions. However, various neuropsychiatric events (NEs) suspected to be related to montelukast have been reported recently, with limited understanding on their association and underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate whether montelukast can induce neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in microglial HAPI cells and neural SH-SY5Y cells. The present study also compared the effects of montelukast with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (zileuton) and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) to better understand modulation of related pathways. HAPI or SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the indicated drugs (3.125 μM-100 μM) for 24 h to investigate drug-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Montelukast induced cytotoxicity in HAPI cells (50-100 μM), accompanied with caspase-3/7 activation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Whilst both montelukast and zileuton down-regulated CysLT release in HAPI cells, zileuton did not significantly affect cell viability or inflammatory and oxidative factors. Celecoxib decreased HAPI cell viability (6.25-100 μM), accompanied with increasing caspase-3/7 activation and ROS production, but in contrast to montelukast increased CysLT release and decreased PGE2 production. Similar to observations in HAPI cells, both montelukast and celecoxib (50-100 μM) but not zileuton produced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Similarly, CM from HAPI cells treated with either montelukast or zileuton produced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results of the current study show the capability of montelukast to directly induce toxicity and inflammation in HAPI cells, possibly through the involvement of PGE2 and ROS, and toxicity in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The current study highlights the importance of consideration between benefit and risk of montelukast usage and provides references for future investigation on decreasing montelukast-related NEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tynan M Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary D Grant
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Devinder Arora
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia J McFarland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia.
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71
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Development of the first in vivo GPR17 ligand through an iterative drug discovery pipeline: A novel disease-modifying strategy for multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231483. [PMID: 32320409 PMCID: PMC7176092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The GPR17 receptor, expressed on oligodendroglial precursors (OPCs, the myelin producing cells), has emerged as an attractive target for a pro-myelinating strategy in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the proof-of-concept that selective GPR17 ligands actually exert protective activity in vivo is still missing. Here, we exploited an iterative drug discovery pipeline to prioritize novel and selective GPR17 pro-myelinating agents out of more than 1,000,000 compounds. We first performed an in silico high-throughput screening on GPR17 structural model to identify three chemically-diverse ligand families that were then combinatorially exploded and refined. Top-scoring compounds were sequentially tested on reference pharmacological in vitro assays with increasing complexity, ending with myelinating OPC-neuron co-cultures. Successful ligands were filtered through in silico simulations of metabolism and pharmacokinetics, to select the most promising hits, whose dose and ability to target the central nervous system were then determined in vivo. Finally, we show that, when administered according to a preventive protocol, one of them (named by us as galinex) is able to significantly delay the onset of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of MS. This outcome validates the predictivity of our pipeline to identify novel MS-modifying agents.
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72
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Abdelzaher LA, Hussein OA, Ashry IEM. The Novel Potential Therapeutic Utility of Montelukast in Alleviating Autistic Behavior Induced by Early Postnatal Administration of Thimerosal in Mice. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:129-150. [PMID: 32303879 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Thimerosal (THIM) is a mercury-containing preservative widely used in many biological and medical products including many vaccines. It has been accused of being a possible etiological factor for some neurodevelopmental disorders such as autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs). In our study, the potential therapeutic effect of montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat seasonal allergies and asthma, on THIM mice model (ASDs model) was examined. METHODOLOGY Newborn mice were randomly distributed into three groups: (Group 1) Control (Cont.) group received saline injections. (Group 2) THIM-treated (THIM) group received THIM intramuscular (IM) at a dose of 3000 μg Hg/kg on postnatal days 7, 9, 11, and 15. (Group 3) Montelukast-treated (Monte) group received THIM followed by montelukast sodium (10 mg/kg/day) intraperitoneal (IP) for 3 weeks. Mice were evaluated for growth development, social interactions, anxiety, locomotor activity, and cognitive function. Brain histopathology, alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7nAChRs), nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κB p65), apoptotic factor (Bax), and brain injury markers were evaluated as well. RESULTS THIIM significantly impaired social activity and growth development. Montelukast mitigated THIM-induced social deficit probably through α7nAChRs upregulation, NF-κB p65, Bax, and brain injury markers downregulation, thus suppressing THIM-induced neuronal toxicity and inflammation. CONCLUSION Neonatal exposure to THIM can induce growth retardation and abnormal social interactions similar to those observed in ASDs. Some of these abnormalities could be ameliorated by montelukast via upregulation of α7nAChRs that inhibited NF-κB activation and significant suppression of neuronal injury and the associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lobna A Abdelzaher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Ola A Hussein
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - I E M Ashry
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Antagonism of cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors as a neuroinflammatory target in Alzheimer's disease. Neurol Sci 2020; 41:2081-2093. [PMID: 32281039 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04369-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is a complex multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by the deposition of extracellular amyloid senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles leading to progressive dementia and death in aged adult population. Recent emerging research has highlighted a potential pharmacological role of 5-lipoxyenase-cysteinyl leukotriene pathway in molecular pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE Although cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors have a major clinical role in chronic respiratory inflammation, their roles in chronic neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease need a detailed and careful exploration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION This review article highlights a novel role of cysteinyl leukotrienes and their receptors in pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease in order to understand the underlying molecular mechanism. In addition, it summarizes the recent advances in various pre-clinical and clinical strategies used to modulate this pathway for therapeutic targeting of Alzheimer's disease.
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74
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Abnormal Upregulation of GPR17 Receptor Contributes to Oligodendrocyte Dysfunction in SOD1 G93A Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072395. [PMID: 32244295 PMCID: PMC7177925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons (MN). Importantly, MN degeneration is intimately linked to oligodendrocyte dysfunction and impaired capacity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to regenerate the myelin sheath enwrapping and protecting neuronal axons. Thus, improving OPC reparative abilities represents an innovative approach to counteract MN loss. A pivotal regulator of OPC maturation is the P2Y-like G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17), whose role in ALS has never been investigated. In other models of neurodegeneration, an abnormal increase of GPR17 has been invariably associated to myelin defects and its pharmacological manipulation succeeded in restoring endogenous remyelination. Here, we analyzed GPR17 alterations in the SOD1G93A ALS mouse model and assessed in vitro whether this receptor could be targeted to correct oligodendrocyte alterations. Western-blot and immunohistochemical analyses showed that GPR17 protein levels are significantly increased in spinal cord of ALS mice at pre-symptomatic stage; this alteration is exacerbated at late symptomatic phases. Concomitantly, mature oligodendrocytes degenerate and are not successfully replaced. Moreover, OPCs isolated from spinal cord of SOD1G93A mice display defective differentiation compared to control cells, which is rescued by treatment with the GPR17 antagonist montelukast. These data open novel therapeutic perspectives for ALS management.
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75
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Lecca D, Raffaele S, Abbracchio MP, Fumagalli M. Regulation and signaling of the GPR17 receptor in oligodendroglial cells. Glia 2020; 68:1957-1967. [PMID: 32086854 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Remyelination, namely, the formation of new myelin sheaths around denuded axons, counteracts axonal degeneration and restores neuronal function. Considerable advances have been made in understanding this regenerative process that often fails in diseases like multiple sclerosis, leaving axons demyelinated and vulnerable to damage, thus contributing to disease progression. The identification of the membrane receptor GPR17 on a subset of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which mediate remyelination in the adult central nervous system (CNS), has led to a huge amount of evidence that validated this receptor as a new attractive target for remyelinating therapies. Here, we summarize the role of GPR17 in OPC function, myelination and remyelination, describing its atypical pharmacology, its downstream signaling, and the genetic and epigenetic factors modulating its activity. We also highlight crucial insights into GPR17 pathophysiology coming from the demonstration that oligodendrocyte injury, associated with inflammation in chronic neurodegenerative conditions, is invariably characterized by abnormal and persistent GPR17 upregulation, which, in turn, is accompanied by a block of OPCs at immature premyelinating stages. Finally, we discuss the current literature in light of the potential exploitment of GPR17 as a therapeutic target to promote remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Lecca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Raffaele
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P Abbracchio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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76
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Chen Y, Li Y, Wang X, Zou P. Montelukast, an Anti-asthmatic Drug, Inhibits Zika Virus Infection by Disrupting Viral Integrity. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3079. [PMID: 32082265 PMCID: PMC7002393 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection and severe complications including neurological sequelae especially fetal microcephaly has aroused global attentions since its outbreak in 2015. Currently, there are no vaccines or therapeutic drugs clinically approved for treatments of ZIKV infection, however. And the drugs used for treating ZIKV in pregnant women require a higher safety profile. Here, we identified an anti-asthmatic drug, montelukast, which is of safety profile for pregnant women and exhibited antiviral efficacy against ZIKV infection in vitro and in vivo. And we showed that montelukast could disrupt the integrity of the virions to release the viral genomic RNA, hence irreversibly inhibiting viral infectivity. In consideration of the neuro-protective activity that montelukast possessed, which was previously reported, it is promising that montelukast could be used for patients with ZIKV infection, particularly for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peng Zou
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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77
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Im SH, Jung HT, Ho MJ, Lee JE, Kim HT, Kim DY, Lee HC, Choi YS, Kang MJ. Montelukast Nanocrystals for Transdermal Delivery with Improved Chemical Stability. Pharmaceutics 2019; 12:pharmaceutics12010018. [PMID: 31877986 PMCID: PMC7022715 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel nanocrystal system of montelukast (MTK) was designed to improve the transdermal delivery, while ensuring chemical stability of the labile compound. MTK nanocrystal suspension was fabricated using acid-base neutralization and ultra-sonication technique and was characterized as follows: approximately 100 nm in size, globular shape, and amorphous state. The embedding of MTK nanocrystals into xanthan gum-based hydrogel caused little changes in the size, shape, and crystalline state of the nanocrystal. The in vitro drug release profile from the nanocrystal hydrogel was comparable to that of the conventional hydrogel because of the rapid dissolution pattern of the drug nanocrystals. The drug degradation under visible exposure (400–800 nm, 600,000 lux·h) was markedly reduced in case of nanocrystal hydrogel, yielding only 30% and 50% amount of cis-isomer and sulfoxide as the major degradation products, as compared to those of drug alkaline solution. Moreover, there was no marked pharmacokinetic difference between the nanocrystal and the conventional hydrogels, exhibiting equivalent extent and rate of drug absorption after topical administration in rats. Therefore, this novel nanocrystal system can be a potent tool for transdermal delivery of MTK in the treatment of chronic asthma or seasonal allergies, with better patient compliance, especially in children and elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Seok Choi
- Correspondence: (Y.S.C.); (M.J.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1439 (Y.S.C); +82-41-550-1446 (M.J.K.)
| | - Myung Joo Kang
- Correspondence: (Y.S.C.); (M.J.K.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1439 (Y.S.C); +82-41-550-1446 (M.J.K.)
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78
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Modulation of neuroinflammation by cysteinyl leukotriene 1 and 2 receptors: implications for cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 87:1-10. [PMID: 31986345 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a complex biological process and has been known to play an important role in age-related cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, such as cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are potent inflammatory lipid mediators that exhibit actions mainly through activating type 1 and type 2 CysLT receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2). Accumulating evidence shows that CysLT1 and CysLT2 are activated at different stages of pathological process in various cell types in the brain such as vascular endothelial cells, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons in response to insults. However, the precise roles and mechanisms of CysLT1 and CysLT2 in regulating the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease are not fully understood. In this article, we focus on current advances that link activation of CysLT1 and CysLT2 to the pathological process during brain ischemia and neurodegeneration and discuss mechanisms by which CysLT1 and CysLT2 mediate inflammatory process and brain injury. Multitarget anti-inflammatory potentials of CysLT1 and CysLT2 antagonism for neuroinflammation and brain injury will also be reviewed.
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79
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Reilly AM, Zhou S, Panigrahi SK, Yan S, Conley JM, Sheets PL, Wardlaw SL, Ren H. Gpr17 deficiency in POMC neurons ameliorates the metabolic derangements caused by long-term high-fat diet feeding. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:29. [PMID: 31611548 PMCID: PMC6791877 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0096-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) control energy homeostasis by sensing hormonal and nutrient cues and activating secondary melanocortin sensing neurons. We identified the expression of a G protein-coupled receptor, Gpr17, in the ARH and hypothesized that it contributes to the regulatory function of POMC neurons on metabolism. Methods In order to test this hypothesis, we generated POMC neuron-specific Gpr17 knockout (PGKO) mice and determined their energy and glucose metabolic phenotypes on normal chow diet (NCD) and high-fat diet (HFD). Results Adult PGKO mice on NCD displayed comparable body composition and metabolic features measured by indirect calorimetry. By contrast, PGKO mice on HFD demonstrated a sexually dimorphic phenotype with female PGKO mice displaying better metabolic homeostasis. Notably, female PGKO mice gained significantly less body weight and adiposity (p < 0.01), which was associated with increased energy expenditure, locomotor activity, and respiratory quotient, while males did not have an overt change in energy homeostasis. Though PGKO mice of both sexes had comparable glucose and insulin tolerance, detailed analyses of liver gene expression and serum metabolites indicate that PGKO mice could have reduced gluconeogenesis and increased lipid utilization on HFD. To elucidate the central-based mechanism(s) underlying the better-preserved energy and glucose homeostasis in PGKO mice on HFD, we examined the electrophysiological properties of POMC neurons and found Gpr17 deficiency led to increased spontaneous action potentials. Moreover, PGKO mice, especially female knockouts, had increased POMC-derived alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and beta-endorphin despite a comparable level of prohormone POMC in their hypothalamic extracts. Conclusions Gpr17 deficiency in POMC neurons protects metabolic homeostasis in a sex-dependent manner during dietary and aging challenges, suggesting that Gpr17 could be an effective anti-obesity target in specific populations with poor metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Reilly
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Shudi Zhou
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sunil K Panigrahi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Shijun Yan
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jason M Conley
- Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Patrick L Sheets
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sharon L Wardlaw
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Hongxia Ren
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, 320 W. 15th Street Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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80
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Myakotnykh VS. Diagnosis and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease in Elderly and Senile Age. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s207905701904012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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81
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Bapputty R, Talahalli R, Zarini S, Samuels I, Murphy R, Gubitosi-Klug R. Montelukast Prevents Early Diabetic Retinopathy in Mice. Diabetes 2019; 68:2004-2015. [PMID: 31350303 PMCID: PMC6754245 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress are critical components in the pathogenic cascade of early diabetic retinopathy, characterized by neuronal and vascular degeneration. We investigated pharmacologic inhibition of the proinflammatory leukotriene cascade for therapeutic benefit in early diabetic retinopathy. Using the streptozotocin-induced diabetes mouse model, we administered montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, and diabetes-related retinal pathology was assessed. Early biochemical and cellular function measures were evaluated at 3 months' diabetes duration and included vascular permeability, superoxide production, leukotriene generation, leukocyte-induced microvascular endothelial cell death, and retinal function by electroretinography. Histopathology assessments at 9 months' diabetes duration included capillary degeneration and retinal ganglion cell loss. Leukotriene receptor antagonism resulted in a significant reduction of early, diabetes-induced retinal capillary leakage, superoxide generation, leukocyte adherence, and leukotriene generation. After 9 months of diabetes, the retinal microvasculature from untreated diabetic mice demonstrated a nearly threefold increase in capillary degeneration compared with nondiabetic mice. Montelukast inhibited the diabetes-induced capillary and neuronal degeneration, whether administered as a prevention strategy, immediately after induction of diabetes, or as an intervention strategy starting at 4.5 months after confirmation of diabetes. Pharmacologic blockade of the leukotriene pathway holds potential as a novel therapy to prevent or slow the development of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Bapputty
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Ramaprasad Talahalli
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
| | - Simona Zarini
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Ivy Samuels
- Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Robert Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Rose Gubitosi-Klug
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH
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82
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Circulating factors in young blood as potential therapeutic agents for age-related neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Brain Res Bull 2019; 153:15-23. [PMID: 31400495 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent animal studies on heterochronic parabiosis (a technique combining the blood circulation of two animals) have revealed that young blood has a powerful rejuvenating effect on brain aging. Circulating factors, especially growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), may play a key role in this effect, which inspires hope for novel approaches to treating age-related cerebral diseases in humans, such as neurodegenerative and neurovascular diseases. Recently, attempts have begun to translate these astonishing and exciting findings from mice to humans and from bench to bedside. However, increasing reports have shown contradictory data, questioning the capacity of these circulating factors to reverse age-related brain dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current research on the role of young blood, as well as the circulating factors GDF11 and CCL11, in the aging brain and age-related cerebral diseases. We highlight recent controversies, discuss related challenges and provide a future outlook.
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83
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Furuyashiki T, Akiyama S, Kitaoka S. Roles of multiple lipid mediators in stress and depression. Int Immunol 2019; 31:579-587. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractProlonged or excessive stress may induce emotional and cognitive disturbances, and is a risk factor for mental illnesses. Using rodent chronic stress models of depression, roles of multiple lipid mediators related to inflammation have been revealed in chronic stress-induced emotional alterations. Prostaglandin (PG) E2, an arachidonic acid (AA)-derived lipid mediator, and its receptor subtype EP1 mediate depression-like behavior induced by repeated social defeat stress through attenuating prefrontal dopaminergic activity. Repeated social defeat stress activates microglia through innate immune receptors, and induces PGE2 synthesis through cyclooxygenase-1, a prostaglandin synthase enriched in microglia. PGD2, another AA-derived lipid mediator, has been implicated in depression induced by chronic stress, although either pro-depressive or anti-depressive actions have been reported. Chronic stress up-regulates hippocampal expression of 5-lipoxygenase, hence synthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, thereby inducing depression through their receptors. Consistent with beneficial effects of n-3 fatty acids in the diet of depressive patients, resolvins—a novel class of pro-resolving lipid mediators—in the brain attenuate neuroinflammation-associated depression. These findings in animal models of depression offer lipid mediators and related molecules as novel therapeutic targets for treating depression. To translate these findings into clinics, translational biomarkers to visualize lipid mediator profiles in depressive patients need to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED),Otemachi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Akiyama
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED),Otemachi, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of CNS Research, New Drug Research Division, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kagasuno, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shiho Kitaoka
- Division of Pharmacology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kusunoki-cho, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED),Otemachi, Tokyo, Japan
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84
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Gelosa P, Bonfanti E, Castiglioni L, Delgado-Garcia JM, Gruart A, Fontana L, Gotti M, Tremoli E, Lecca D, Fumagalli M, Cimino M, Aigner L, Abbracchio MP, Sironi L. Improvement of fiber connectivity and functional recovery after stroke by montelukast, an available and safe anti-asthmatic drug. Pharmacol Res 2019; 142:223-236. [PMID: 30818044 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the main causes of death, neurological dysfunctions or disability in elderly. Neuroprotective drugs have been proposed to improve long-term recovery after stroke, but failed to reach clinical effectiveness. Hence, recent studies suggested that restorative therapies should combine neuroprotection and remyelination. Montelukast, an anti-asthmatic drug, was shown to exert neuroprotection in animal models of CNS injuries, but its ability to affect oligodendrocytes, restoring fiber connectivity, remains to be determined. In this study, we evaluated whether montelukast induces long-term repair by promoting fiber connectivity up to 8 weeks after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), using different experimental approaches such as in vivo diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrophysiological techniques, ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based fiber tracking and immunohistochemistry. We found that, in parallel with a reduced evolution of ischemic lesion and atrophy, montelukast increased the DTI-derived axial diffusivity and number of myelin fibers, the density of myelin binding protein (MBP) and the number of GSTpi+ mature oligodendrocytes. Together with the rescue of MCAo-induced impairments of local field potentials in ischemic cortex, the data suggest that montelukast may improve fibers reorganization. Thus, to ascertain whether this effect involved changes of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) activation and maturation, we used the reporter GPR17iCreERT2:CAG-eGreen florescent protein (GFP) mice that allowed us to trace the fate of OPCs throughout animal's life. Our results showed that montelukast enhanced the OPC recruitment and proliferation at acute phase, and increased their differentiation to mature oligodendrocytes at chronic phase after MCAo. Considering the crosstalk between OPCs and microglia has been widely reported in the context of demyelinating insults, we also assessed microglia activation. We observed that montelukast influenced the phenotype of microglial cells, increasing the number of M2 polarized microglia/macrophages, over the M1 phenotype, at acute phase after MCAo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that montelukast improves fiber re-organization and long-term functional recovery after brain ischemia, enhancing recruitment and maturation of OPCs. The present data suggest that montelukast, an already approved drug, could be "repositioned "as a protective drug in stroke acting also on fiber re-organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gelosa
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bonfanti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Castiglioni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Lucia Fontana
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Gotti
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Lecca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Cimino
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maria P Abbracchio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Sironi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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85
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Michael J, Marschallinger J, Aigner L. The leukotriene signaling pathway: a druggable target in Alzheimer’s disease. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:505-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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86
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Pan WL, Chopp M, Fan B, Zhang R, Wang X, Hu J, Zhang XM, Zhang ZG, Liu XS. Ablation of the microRNA-17-92 cluster in neural stem cells diminishes adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. FASEB J 2019; 33:5257-5267. [PMID: 30668139 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801019r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus causes cognitive deficits; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate neural stem cell (NSC) function. With the use of a transgenic mouse line with conditional ablation of the miR-17-92 cluster in nestin lineage NSCs, we tested the hypothesis that the miR-17-92 cluster regulates adult neurogenesis and cognitive function in vivo. Compared with wild-type mice, ablation of the miR-17-92 cluster significantly reduced the number of proliferating NSCs and neuroblasts and neuronal differentiation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and significantly impaired hippocampal-dependent learning and memory, as assayed by social recognition memory, novel object recognition, and Morris water-maze tests. Statistical analysis showed a highly significant correlation between newly generated neuroblasts in the DG and cognition deficits in miR-17-92 knockout (KO) mice. Western blot analysis showed that conditional KO of the miR-17-92 cluster significantly increased and reduced a cytoskeleton-associated protein, Enigma homolog 1 (ENH1), and its downstream transcription factor, inhibitor of differentiation 1 (ID1), respectively, as well as increased phosphatase and tensin homolog gene. These proteins are related to neuronal differentiation. Our study demonstrates that the miR-17-92 cluster in NSCs is critical for cognitive and behavioral function and regulates neurogenesis and that the miR-17-92 cluster may target ENH1/ID1 signaling.-Pan, W. L., Chopp, M., Fan, B., Zhang, R., Wang, X., Hu, J., Zhang, X. M., Zhang, Z. G., Liu, X. S. Ablation of the microRNA-17-92 cluster in neural stem cells diminishes adult hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Long Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China.,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, USA
| | - Baoyan Fan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Ruilan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xinli Wang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiani Hu
- Department of Radiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiao Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Xian Shuang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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87
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Carbajosa G, Malki K, Lawless N, Wang H, Ryder JW, Wozniak E, Wood K, Mein CA, Dobson RJB, Collier DA, O'Neill MJ, Hodges AK, Newhouse SJ. Loss of Trem2 in microglia leads to widespread disruption of cell coexpression networks in mouse brain. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:151-166. [PMID: 29906661 PMCID: PMC6075941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rare heterozygous coding variants in the triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) gene, conferring increased risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease, have been identified. We examined the transcriptional consequences of the loss of Trem2 in mouse brain to better understand its role in disease using differential expression and coexpression network analysis of Trem2 knockout and wild-type mice. We generated RNA-Seq data from cortex and hippocampus sampled at 4 and 8 months. Using brain cell-type markers and ontology enrichment, we found subnetworks with cell type and/or functional identity. We primarily discovered changes in an endothelial gene-enriched subnetwork at 4 months, including a shift toward a more central role for the amyloid precursor protein gene, coupled with widespread disruption of other cell-type subnetworks, including a subnetwork with neuronal identity. We reveal an unexpected potential role of Trem2 in the homeostasis of endothelial cells that goes beyond its known functions as a microglial receptor and signaling hub, suggesting an underlying link between immune response and vascular disease in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Carbajosa
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Hong Wang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Eva Wozniak
- Barts and the London Genome Centre, John Vane Science Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Kristie Wood
- Barts and the London Genome Centre, John Vane Science Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Charles A Mein
- Barts and the London Genome Centre, John Vane Science Centre, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - Richard J B Dobson
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Angela K Hodges
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute James Black Centre Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen J Newhouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK; Farr Institute of Health Informatics Research, UCL Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
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88
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Eriksson Y, Boström M, Sandelius Å, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Kuhn G, Kalm M. The anti-asthmatic drug, montelukast, modifies the neurogenic potential in the young healthy and irradiated brain. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:775. [PMID: 29991719 PMCID: PMC6039496 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain tumors are the most common form of solid tumors in children. Due to the increasing number of survivors, it is of importance to prevent long-term treatment-induced side effects. Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist, may have the desired neuroprotective properties. The aim of the study was to determine whether montelukast could reduce adverse effects of cranial irradiation (CIR) to the young brain. Daily injections of montelukast or vehicle was given to young mice for 4 or 14 days in combination with CIR or under normal conditions. Montelukast treatment for 4 days protected against cell death with 90% more cell death in the vehicle group compared to the montelukast group 24 h after CIR. It also resulted in less microglia activation 6 h after CIR, where montelukast lowered the levels of CD68 compared to the vehicle groups. Interestingly, the animals that received montelukast for 14 days had 50% less proliferating cells in the hippocampus irrespective of receiving CIR or not. Further, the total number of neurons in the granule cell layer was altered during the sub-acute phase. The number of neurons was decreased by montelukast treatment in control animals (15%), but the opposite was seen after CIR, where montelukast treatment increased the number of neurons (15%). The results show beneficial effects by montelukast treatment after CIR in some investigated parameters during both the acute phase and with longer drug treatment. However, it also resulted in lower proliferation in the hippocampus under normal conditions, indicating that the effects of montelukast can be either beneficial or unfavorable, depending on the circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohanna Eriksson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Boström
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Sandelius
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, UCL, London, UK
| | - Georg Kuhn
- Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Kalm
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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89
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Abstract
Leukotrienes are powerful immune-regulating lipid mediators with established pathogenic roles in inflammatory allergic diseases of the respiratory tract - in particular, asthma and hay fever. More recent work indicates that these lipids also contribute to low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases as well as cancer. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid and proceeds via a set of soluble and membrane enzymes that are primarily expressed by cells of myeloid origin. In activated immune cells, these enzymes assemble at the endoplasmic and perinuclear membrane, constituting a biosynthetic complex. This Review describes recent advances in our understanding of the components of the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery, emerging opportunities for pharmacological intervention, and the development of new medicines exploiting both antiinflammatory and pro-resolving mechanisms.
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90
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Fumagalli M, Lecca D, Coppolino GT, Parravicini C, Abbracchio MP. Pharmacological Properties and Biological Functions of the GPR17 Receptor, a Potential Target for Neuro-Regenerative Medicine. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1051:169-192. [PMID: 28828731 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In 2006, cells heterologously expressing the "orphan" receptor GPR17 were shown to acquire responses to both uracil nucleotides and cysteinyl-leukotrienes, two families of signaling molecules accumulating in brain or heart as a result of hypoxic/traumatic injuries. In subsequent years, evidence of GPR17 key role in oligodendrogenesis and myelination has highlighted it as a "model receptor" for new therapies in demyelinating and neurodegenerative diseases. The apparently contrasting evidence in the literature about the role of GPR17 in promoting or inhibiting myelination can be due to its transient expression in the intermediate stages of differentiation, exerting a pro-differentiating function in early oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), and an inhibitory role in late stage maturing cells. Meanwhile, several papers extended the initial data on GPR17 pharmacology, highlighting a "promiscuous" behavior of this receptor; indeed, GPR17 is able to respond to other emergency signals like oxysterols or the pro-inflammatory cytokine SDF-1, underlying GPR17 ability to adapt its responses to changes of the surrounding extracellular milieu, including damage conditions. Here, we analyze the available literature on GPR17, in an attempt to summarize its emerging biological roles and pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Lecca
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giusy T Coppolino
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Parravicini
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria P Abbracchio
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology of Purinergic Transmission, Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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91
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Yokomizo T, Nakamura M, Shimizu T. Leukotriene receptors as potential therapeutic targets. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:2691-2701. [PMID: 29757196 DOI: 10.1172/jci97946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes, a class of arachidonic acid-derived bioactive molecules, are known as mediators of allergic and inflammatory reactions and considered to be important drug targets. Although an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis and antagonists of the cysteinyl leukotriene receptor are clinically used for bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis, these medications were developed before the molecular identification of leukotriene receptors. Numerous studies using cloned leukotriene receptors and genetically engineered mice have unveiled new pathophysiological roles for leukotrienes. This Review covers the recent findings on leukotriene receptors to revisit them as new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipidomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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92
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Kim RE, Yun CH, Thomas RJ, Oh JH, Johnson HJ, Kim S, Lee S, Seo HS, Shin C. Lifestyle-dependent brain change: a longitudinal cohort MRI study. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 69:48-57. [PMID: 29852410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigated both independent and interconnected effects of 3 lifestyle factors on brain volume, measuring yearly changes using large-scale longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging, in middle-aged to older adults. We measured brain volumes in a cohort (n = 984, 49-79 years) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study group, using baseline and follow-up estimates after 4 years. In our analysis, the accelerated brain atrophy in normal aging was observed across regions (e.g., brain tissue: -0.098 ± 0.01 mL/y, p < 0.001). An independent lifestyle-specific trend of brain atrophy across time was also evident in men, where smoking (p = 0.012) and physical activity (p = 0.014) showed the strongest association with the atrophy rate. Linear regression analysis of the interconnected effect revealed that brain atrophy is mitigated by intense physical activity in smoking males. Lifestyle factors did not show any significant effect on brain volume in women. These results provide important information regarding lifestyle factors that affect brain aging in mid-to-late adulthood. Our findings may aid in the identification of preventive measures against dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Ey Kim
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chang-Ho Yun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jang-Hoon Oh
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans J Johnson
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Soriul Kim
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungku Lee
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Suk Seo
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea; Division of Pulmonary Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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93
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Doherty TA, White AA. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and the potential role of mast cell activation. Auton Neurosci 2018; 215:83-88. [PMID: 30033040 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Though a sizeable amount of data connects mast cell activity to the neurologic system, less is known about the true clinical implications of this relationship. Even less is understood about treatment strategies in those with both allergic and neurologic complaints. This is particularly true in postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a common type of dysautonomia, where patients are burdened by symptoms of orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion and several other comorbidities that are likely influenced by autonomic tone. Some patients describe characteristic allergic symptoms, in the absence of typical IgE mediated triggers, and also improvement with traditional mast cell directed medications. Further work is necessary to determine whether these anecdotal observations are valid. The answer to this question will likely be addressed as the mechanisms of POTS are better characterized, which may include a phenotype with distinct mast cell involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Doherty
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Andrew A White
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, 3811 Valley Centre Drive, S99, San Diego, CA 92130, United States.
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94
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G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Gpr17 Regulates Oligodendrocyte Differentiation in Response to Lysolecithin-Induced Demyelination. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29540737 PMCID: PMC5852120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelin-producing cells of the central nervous system (CNS). A variety of brain disorders from “classical” demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, schizophrenia, depression, Down syndrome and autism, are shown myelination defects. Oligodendrocyte myelination is regulated by a complex interplay of intrinsic, epigenetic and extrinsic factors. Gpr17 (G protein-coupled receptor 17) is a G protein-coupled receptor, and has been identified to be a regulator for oligodendrocyte development. Here, we demonstrate that the absence of Gpr17 enhances remyelination in vivo with a toxin-induced model whereby focal demyelinated lesions are generated in spinal cord white matter of adult mice by localized injection of LPC(L-a-lysophosphatidylcholine). The increased expression of the activated form of Erk1/2 (phospho-Erk1/2) in lesion areas suggested the potential role of Erk1/2 activity on the Gpr17-dependent modulation of myelination. The absence of Gpr17 enhances remyelination is correlate with the activated Erk1/2 (phospho-Erk1/2).Being a membrane receptor, Gpr17 represents an ideal druggable target to be exploited for innovative regenerative approaches to acute and chronic CNS diseases.
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95
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Kandasamy M, Aigner L. Reactive Neuroblastosis in Huntington's Disease: A Putative Therapeutic Target for Striatal Regeneration in the Adult Brain. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:37. [PMID: 29593498 PMCID: PMC5854998 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the reciprocal relationship between adult neurogenesis, cognitive and motor functions have been an important focus of investigation in the establishment of effective neural replacement therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. While neuronal loss, reactive gliosis and defects in the self-repair capacity have extensively been characterized in neurodegenerative disorders, the transient excess production of neuroblasts detected in the adult striatum of animal models of Huntington’s disease (HD) and in post-mortem brain of HD patients, has only marginally been addressed. This abnormal cellular response in the striatum appears to originate from the selective proliferation and ectopic migration of neuroblasts derived from the subventricular zone (SVZ). Based on and in line with the term “reactive astrogliosis”, we propose to name the observed cellular event “reactive neuroblastosis”. Although, the functional relevance of reactive neuroblastosis is unknown, we speculate that this process may provide support for the tissue regeneration in compensating the structural and physiological functions of the striatum in lieu of aging or of the neurodegenerative process. Thus, in this review article, we comprehend different possibilities for the regulation of striatal neurogenesis, neuroblastosis and their functional relevance in the context of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Kandasamy
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Department of Animal Science, School of Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.,Faculty Recharge Programme, University Grants Commission (UGC-FRP), New Delhi, India
| | - Ludwig Aigner
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
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96
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Wang Z, Hu J, Yang X, Feng X, Li X, Huang L, Chan ASC. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Orally Bioavailable Quinoline-Indole Derivatives as Innovative Multitarget-Directed Ligands: Promotion of Cell Proliferation in the Adult Murine Hippocampus for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1871-1894. [PMID: 29420891 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of quinoline-indole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as multitarget-directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Biological evaluation revealed that the derivatives had multifunctional profiles including antioxidant effects, blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, biometal chelation, Aβ aggregation modulation, neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. Moreover, several representative target derivatives demonstrated hippocampal cell proliferation in living adult mice by intracerebroventricular (icv) injection or oral administration. Further drug-like property analysis demonstrated that the optimized compound, 8d (WI-1758), had liver microsomal metabolic stability, was well tolerated (>2000 mg/kg), and had a rational pharmacokinetic profile, as well as an oral bioavailability of 14.1% and a positive log BB (-0.19) to cross the BBB in vivo. Pharmacodynamics studies demonstrated that chronic oral administration of 8d·HCl substantially ameliorated the cognitive and spatial memory deficits in APP/PS1 AD mice and noticeably reduced overall cerebral β-amyloid deposits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiren Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China.,Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410013 , China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410013 , China
| | - Xing Feng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine , Hunan Normal University , Changsha 410013 , China
| | - Xingshu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Ling Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Albert S C Chan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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97
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The G protein-coupled receptors deorphanization landscape. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:62-74. [PMID: 29454621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are usually highlighted as being both the largest family of membrane proteins and the most productive source of drug targets. However, most of the GPCRs are understudied and hence cannot be used immediately for innovative therapeutic strategies. Besides, there are still around 100 orphan receptors, with no described endogenous ligand and no clearly defined function. The race to discover new ligands for these elusive receptors seems to be less intense than before. Here, we present an update of the various strategies employed to assign a function to these receptors and to discover new ligands. We focus on the recent advances in the identification of endogenous ligands with a detailed description of newly deorphanized receptors. Replication being a key parameter in these endeavors, we also discuss the latest controversies about problematic ligand-receptor pairings. In this context, we propose several recommendations in order to strengthen the reporting of new ligand-receptor pairs.
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98
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Illes S. More than a drainage fluid: the role of CSF in signaling in the brain and other effects on brain tissue. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:33-46. [PMID: 29110778 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Current progress in neuroscience demonstrates that the brain is not an isolated organ and is influenced by the systemic environment and extracerebral processes within the body. In view of this new concept, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are important body fluids linking extracerebral and intracerebral processes. For decades, substantial evidence has been accumulated indicating that CSF modulates brain states and influences behavior as well as cognition. This chapter provides an overview of how CSF directly modulates the function of different types of brain cells, such as neurons, neural stem cells, and CSF-contacting cells. Alterations in CSF content occur in most pathologic central nervous system (CNS) conditions. In a classic view, the function of CSF is to drain waste products and detrimental factors derived from diseased brain parenchyma. This chapter presents examples for how intra- and extracerebral pathologic processes lead to alterations in the CSF content. Current knowledge about how pathologically altered CSF influences the functionality of brain cells will be presented. Thereby, it becomes evident that CSF has more than a drainage function and has a causal role for the etiology and pathogenesis of different CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Illes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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99
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Starnawska A, Tan Q, McGue M, Mors O, Børglum AD, Christensen K, Nyegaard M, Christiansen L. Epigenome-Wide Association Study of Cognitive Functioning in Middle-Aged Monozygotic Twins. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:413. [PMID: 29311901 PMCID: PMC5733014 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the world's population ages, the age-related cognitive decline presents a great challenge to world's healthcare systems. One of the molecular mechanisms implicated in cognitive ageing is DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification known to be a key player in memory formation, maintenance, and synaptic plasticity. Using the twin design we performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) in a population of 486 middle-aged monozygotic twins (mean age at follow-up 65.9, SD = 6.1) and correlated their blood DNA methylation to their level (cross-sectional analysis) and change in cognitive abilities over 10 years (longitudinal analysis). We identified several CpG sites where cross-sectional cognitive functioning was associated with DNA methylation levels. The top identified loci were located in ZBTB46 (p = 5.84 × 10-7), and TAF12 (p = 4.91 × 10-7). KEGG's enrichment analyses of the most associated findings identified "Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction" as the most enriched pathway (p = 0.0098). Change in cognitive functioning over 10 years was associated with DNA methylation levels in AGBL4 (p = 9.01 × 10-7) and SORBS1 (p = 5.28 × 10-6), with the first gene playing an important role in neuronal survival and the latter gene implicated before in Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke. Our findings point to an association between changes in DNA methylation of genes related to neuronal survival and change of cognitive functioning in aging individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Starnawska
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Qihua Tan
- The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Matt McGue
- The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Twin Registry, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Danish Aging Research Center, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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100
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[Doping for the brain]. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 51:143-148. [PMID: 29209802 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-017-1351-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The enhancement of physical and cognitive abilities (i. e. concentration, vigilance, memory) has always been desirable for humans. The term pharmacological neuroenhancement refers to the use of legal or nonprescription psychoactive substances by healthy subjects with the intention of cognitive enhancement. To give the most prominent example, caffeine serves worldwide as a natural stimulant. Brain doping, however, specifies the use of illegal substances or prescription drugs beyond approval with the purpose of cognitive enhancement. Only amphetamines, methylphenidate and modafinil have significant effects on attentiveness, concentration and alertness, whereas other substances, such as anti-dementia drugs or anti-depressants failed to demonstrate cognitive enhancement in healthy subjects.
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